Epoxy resin consumption. Epoxy resin What is the amount of polyester resin per 1m2 of fiberglass

What is the consumption of epoxy resin when pouring? With a coating thickness of 1 mm, on average, 1 liter (or 1.1 kg) of epoxy compound without impurities is consumed per 1 m2.

Material consumption! How to determine the amount of composition you need to fill?! With a coating thickness of 1 mm, on average, 1 liter (or 1.1 kg) of self-leveling floor without impurities is consumed per 1 m2. This value differs for different manufacturers. The consumption of material is approximately the same when making coverings for countertops. For example, a customer’s question: “I plan to make something like a table with epoxy resin, but I don’t know how much is required. For example, a table is 1m x 1m and the thickness of resin is 1 cm, then how many kg of resin and what kind are required?” We answer: composition consumption - 2.2 kg per 1 sq. m gives a thickness of 2 mm. This means you need 10 kg of composition. But there is a risk with a spill of such a thickness of 1cm. The risk is that it is more difficult to remove bubbles from this thickness. Plus, a layer of 1 cm (or higher) can heat up and warp during the polymerization process (possibly foam and crack). But with our Telalit-0492 hardener (which is calm and non-reactive), a thickness of 1 cm is allowed.

For 3 square meters you need 6.6 kg of epoxy composition (resin + hardener), and the layer thickness will be 2 mm. Therefore, the consumption is 2.2 kg/sq.m.
Typically, epoxy is not poured in thick layers - it can boil and become deformed () The solution is to pour in layers of 1 cm, layer one on top of the other, which is obtained using TELALIT 0492 hardener and Epoxy 517 resin.

We offer bulk transparent hardener Telalit 0590(from 0.28 kg) for filling IN THICK LAYERS. The proportion of resin mixing and curing agent is indicated on the curing agent container. And to yourself: (28:100) , de 100 gr - EPOXY resin 517 , and 28 g - hardened TELALIT 0590 . Knead the components with a length of 5-10 strands. After mixing the components, there is a large amount of powder present. We are trying to remove the hot air guide jets from them. If the hardening reaction is fully expected - if the decal is small, then the swellings may be able to disappear on their own. Further, the steps are hard and the tenths of the day are affected. After three days of polymerization, a more plastic growth is achieved, and after a 14-day period, the main set of values, after 28 days, a new set, behind the mind of working with the composition in the sink at room temperature (25-40 ºС) and display cases Let's go for a month.

Also available with bulk clear hardener Telalit 0420(from 0.4 kg) for filling IN THICK LAYERS (this means a layer of 2 cm if a large area is poured, like “Slabs”, and if the future product has a small volume of 200 cm3, then a layer of 4-5 cm is possible). The reaction is accompanied by the release of heat! Therefore, additional heating (for example, using a hairdryer to remove bubbles) can speed up the reaction and lead to unwanted deformation. Its mixing proportion: 1 kg of resin (epoxy-517) + 0.2 kg of hardener ("TELALIT 0420"). After two days of polymerization, the vibration results in an even stiffer body, and after a 7-day period, the main gain in value, after 14 days, a new gain, for the minds of the brain and processing of the composition. in the room t (20-25 ºС).

Epoxy self-leveling flooring is a relatively new way of arranging floor space in apartments and country houses.

Previously, this method was used only to create especially durable coatings in places with increased requirements for wear resistance and service life. Now liquid formulations have greatly reduced their cost, expanded their range and become more accessible to the common man.

Brief description, features and benefits

Epoxy floors are a variety of special hardeners and stabilizers. They are used to create bases with high strength, wear-resistant and decorative characteristics.

The epoxy floor is applied “in bulk” - this allows the mixture to flow freely over the plane, creating an absolutely flat and seamless surface. To improve the decorative properties, the floor arrangement involves mixing and joining different color schemes, applying color washes and strokes, adding various glosses, etc.

In addition to mixing shades, various decorative elements can be used - chips, flocks and glitters. These elements are matte, semi-matte or shiny particles that are applied to the finishing layer and sealed with a transparent composition.

A distinctive feature of this coating, in addition to durability, is its high decorative effect and a wide selection of colors.

The scope of application of such floors is extensive and not limited. specific tasks. These include the energy and food industries, chemical industries, parking complexes and car service centers, medical and household institutions, shopping and exhibition complexes.

For installation in apartments and country houses, the technology of self-leveling epoxy floors suggests the use of mixtures of a similar composition, as for installation in places with a more aggressive attitude towards the floor surface.

The standard liquid solution for such a floor is a two-component composition containing an epoxy-colored base and a hardener. The solution is supplied and distributed in different containers. The mixture is prepared only before pouring onto a leveled and prepared base.

Distinctive advantages and disadvantages

There is an opinion that epoxy floors emit harmful substances during operation and are hazardous to health. This is fundamentally wrong, since among the variety of resins, epoxy substances are the most harmless and safe.

The liquid epoxy composition does contain substances that irritate the mucous membrane, causing slight suffocation and burns, but their percentage is so small that during polymerization of the base they completely evaporate. Some types of compositions for self-leveling floors do not contain volatile substances at all.

That is why any qualified specialist will strongly recommend purchasing personal protective equipment - gloves, goggles and special clothing. Manufacturers do not hide this themselves - safety precautions can be found on the product packaging.

In view of this, after complete drying liquid mixture The result is an environmentally friendly and absolutely safe coating, completely suitable for installation in children's rooms, kitchens and bathrooms.

The transparent look is more traditional and involves the use of various decorative additives

In addition to safety, self-leveling epoxy floors have the following advantages:

resistance to stress – the finished coating has high strength, resistance to mechanical and physical stress, and is inert to chemical reagents and compositions;
sealing the base - the liquid composition allows you to completely fill all pores and irregularities, providing a monolithic, seamless and airtight base;
ease of maintenance - the absence of seams and joints greatly simplifies the process of cleaning, applying and removing detergents;
fire safety - the coating does not contribute to the spread of open fire, does not emit particularly harmful and lethal substances when burning;
hygiene – polymer flooring does not cause the formation and does not contribute to the spread of bacteria, fungus and harmful microorganisms.

Among other things, such floors have a service life of more than 15 years, do not require annual renewal and overhaul. Depending on the type of base and expected loads, it is possible to use thin-layer compounds, which are characterized by simpler application technology and lower price.

Among the negative aspects of using epoxy coatings is their weak point strength. That is, when strong impact or if a very heavy object falls, a crack or chip may form. To avoid such damage, it is recommended to use the compositions according to their intended purpose and area of application.

Adding various glitters and chips makes the surface more varied

That is, for example, two-component epoxy self-leveling floors and quartz fillers are used for arranging floors with special requirements for strength, a classic mixture without sand additives for residential premises and rooms with low traffic intensity.

With prolonged use, even despite the wear resistance, minor defects and scratches are sure to appear, which will require the application of a new layer of polymer varnish and a complete renewal of the coating. Partial removal, replacement or covering of the old base is technically impossible and no technology is envisaged.

The choice of a specific brand and composition for installing epoxy self-leveling floors depends on the type of base, its technical condition, requirements and expectations from the final floor covering.

There are many manufacturers of self-leveling floors, but we can separately highlight domestic companies that offer good compositions and related components at fairly affordable prices. These are the TeoKhim company - the ElakorED trademark, the KrasKo company - the Epolast trademark and TNP Group with compositions under the Taping brand.

The products of these companies meet all international safety and quality standards and have a wide range of products for any load and strength. In addition, manufacturers periodically hold seminars and master classes, where they talk in detail about the technology of work.

Two-component polymer floor Epolast Aqua on water based

The technology of epoxy floors involves the use of several compounds intended for preparing the concrete base, filling the surface, creating an underlying layer, and arranging the front and finishing coatings.

For example, the products of the KrasKo company include primers, adhesive compounds for old concrete foundations, traditional and two-component water-based bulk mixtures, etc.

The nominal consumption of bulk mixtures depends on the manufacturer and is indicated on the packaging of a particular product. Thus, the consumption rate of epoxy self-leveling floor per 1 m2 with a thickness of 1 mm of the ElakorED brand for the underlying layer is 300-400 g, for the finishing layer - 1.7-1.8 kg. Consumption of “Epolast Aqua” for the finishing layer is 1.75 kg, “Taping Floor 205 C” - 750-900 g with a similar thickness.

Spiked soles for moving on liquid floors and a needle roller for distributing the mixture

In addition, we have provided the average cost of the above products and additional components, which can be found in the table below.

Sequence of pouring epoxy floor

When filling cracks and damage, a special resin-based putty is used.

The installation of an epoxy self-leveling floor can be done with your own hands, provided that the person carrying out the work is trained or at least familiar with the technology of preparing the base, preparing and pouring the solution.

The load-bearing foundation must meet a number of requirements, without which the installation of a self-leveling floor cannot be carried out. From a technical point of view, old concrete surface should not have strong differences in heights, deep damage, cracks or cavities.

Maximum tolerance indicated on the packaging of the composition, but on average it is no more than 2-3 mm per 2 m of base. Damage is repaired by caulking and filling with a special putty provided by the floor manufacturer. For removing greasy stains and oils, organic solvents are used. If it is impossible to carry out this work, prepare the base for pouring a thin-layer screed.

For a new concrete layer, you should wait for it to completely polymerize and mature to brand strength. The residual moisture content of the concrete layer should not be more than 4%. For concrete floors on the first floors, roll or coating waterproofing is required.

A squeegee for distributing the mixture and a spatula for arranging the underlying layer

When applying and distributing the composition, it is recommended to use only prepared tools soaked in xylene. This will help remove any remaining factory lubricant and will disinfect the old tool from any remnants of its former finish. For application, construction rollers with medium pile (12-14 mm), metal spatulas with a smooth edge (500-600 mm) and squeegees are used.

Removing air from the mixture is done with a needle roller. All movements through the liquid composition are carried out in needle soles. are used construction mixer power of at least 1.2-1.5 kW. The rotation speed is selected based on the temperature of the mixture, capacity and power of the tool, but usually it is no more than 500-600 rpm.

For safety reasons, workers must have respirators, goggles and gloves. It is advisable to use replaceable clean shoes and overalls. The preparation of the solution is carried out in a strictly designated place and is carried out immediately before pouring onto the surface.

The main stages of preparing and pouring the epoxy mixture

Do-it-yourself epoxy self-leveling floors are made using the following technology:

The surface of the base is thoroughly cleaned and dusted using a construction vacuum cleaner.
The expansion joint is glued around the perimeter of the room. For this, a damper tape of the required thickness is used. The tape is fixed using a stapler or an adhesive mixture.
A one- or two-component primer composition is being prepared. In the first case, the solution is mixed with a mixer, in the second, the components are mixed in a larger container. The primer is mixed according to the instructions and applied to the concrete surface.

The use of purified quartz sand makes it possible to strengthen the first self-leveling layer

After polymerization of the first layer, the floor surface is re-treated with a primer. If there are shiny or glossy areas left on the base, remove them, clean the surface and re-prime. Immediately after applying the second layer, the surface is sprinkled with quartz sand at the rate of 100-120 g/m2.
If there are sinkholes, potholes and cracks, they are repaired using epoxy putty. The preparation of putty is carried out in a similar way by mixing two components. If necessary, a small amount of quartz sand is added in the ratio specified by the manufacturer.
If areas of the floor have been sealed with putty, sand them using hand sanding. grinding machine. Next, the surface is cleaned and the preparation of the epoxy coating begins. In other cases, sand is removed from the base of the floor using a construction vacuum cleaner.
Prepare the solution for the underlying layer. To do this, the main component is mixed using a mixer on required speed. Mixing is performed with smooth movements throughout the entire volume. Next, add the second component, the hardener, and mix again. The mixture is prepared strictly according to the instructions.

The final coating is mixed immediately before it is poured.

The underlying layer is poured with a thickness of 1.2-1.5 mm. Using a metal spatula, spread the mixture at an almost right angle, pressing firmly into the base. After 10-15 minutes, cover the floor surface with quartz sand at the rate of 1.2-, 1.5 kg/m2.
After the underlying layer has dried, excess sand crumbs are removed using brushes and a vacuum cleaner. The surface is inspected for unoccupied areas and other possible problems. If quality is maintained, a sealing layer is applied. This is done by applying a mixture of self-leveling epoxy flooring at a rate of 350-400 g/m2. The mixture is distributed using spatulas.
The finishing face layer is being prepared and poured. During the work process, you should calculate the time for kneading and the number of required portions, since when room temperature The mixture sets in approximately 30-40 minutes. The self-leveling coating is applied to the surface and distributed with a squeegee and spatulas. 10-12 m after application, the finishing layer is rolled with a roller to remove excess air and left to dry.

This work technology is valid for Elakor-ED self-leveling flooring with quartz filler. The time for drying the primer, preparing the mixture, releasing air from the solution and polymerization is indicated in the attached instructions.

When installing other self-leveling epoxy floors with your own hands, the technology may be slightly different. Some types do not require the use of putties and quartz fillers at all.

Epoxy resin - a material consisting of two components.
Most often it is a liquid that is used as glue.
It is first in liquid form; when the parts are mixed, polymerization and solidification begin. The reaction is accompanied by a strong thermal reaction, it heats up.

Epoxy resin consumption depends on the task at hand.
If it is used as glue, then the properties of the surfaces being glued affect the consumption.
This could be roughness, porosity, or absorbency. Usually you need to apply the minimum possible amount of glue, moisten both parts to be glued with it, then press them against each other and secure until it hardens completely.

Epoxy resin has a useful feature!

Freezes without external factors, it does not need light, temperature, air, moisture. This is an indispensable property in some areas of activity.

Impregnations

Code	Purpose	Price
1003	A two-component polymer composition containing a solvent.	282
1007	Impregnation of the base under self-leveling floors, under protective coating. Epoxy based for outdoor use.	332
1005	Impregnation of concrete and cement bases with high humidity for spraying and painting, for external and internal work. Epoxy based.	348
D103	Water-soluble impregnating composition based on epoxy resins, containing no solvent. For interior and exterior use. Applied to various types of cement-containing substrates.	264
3205	Impregnation of the base under self-leveling floors, under protective coating. On a polyurethane basis for interior and exterior use.	388
3001	Universal two-component polyurethane-based impregnation for cement-containing substrates.	340

Impregnation consumption!
It ranges from 100-250 g/m2.
Consumption depends on the type of concrete and the porosity of the base (wood, OSB, chipboard).
Impregnation is NOT applied to metal!

Epoxy resin consumption per 1m2

Consumption per area is usually discussed when installing coverings, such as floors. Since we are dealing with universal material, we should clarify the goal that we will achieve. If it's easy floor covering so that there is no dust, on smooth concrete, then you can get by with 100 grams per square, and if you need the most durable coating, reinforced with granite screenings, smooth and mirror-even, then you can go up to 3.5 kilograms per square.

In the technology of thin-layer self-leveling polymer floors, modified epoxy resins different colors. They pour out of the container onto the floor and spread under the influence of gravity. Consumption for this application can start from one kilogram per square per layer.

Primers

* - The price is current as of 03/01/2019. Check the price every day, changes are possible.

Code	Purpose	Price
1015	Primer for concrete and cement bases with high humidity for interior and exterior work. Epoxy based.	294
8001P	Primer for interior work of enterprises Food Industry, public catering organizations. Epoxy based.	344
3201	Primer-varnish for concrete and cement bases for interior and exterior work. On a polyurethane basis. Can be used as a binder in the preparation of elastic mixtures.	364
3103	It is used to create an adhesive layer on concrete, metal, wood, as well as strengthening concrete and asphalt concrete bases.	360
D301	Polyurethane primer for strengthening concrete and cement bases, before application protective coatings on various industrial facilities, For interior and exterior use.	353
D801	High solids primer for interior and exterior work in the food, petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries. Priming in coating systems for concrete and metal substrates.	339

Primer consumption!
It ranges from 200-300 g/m2.
Consumption depends on the brand of concrete, the purpose of using the primer (strengthening or dust removal) and the application method (brush, roller, spray).

Epoxy resin instructions for use

Supplied in two separate containers, one smaller and one larger. These are components A and B. They must be poured into one container and slowly mixed. You can do this using a mixer or manually. Stir for five minutes. Let it sit quietly for a minute and stir for another minute. You only need to take the amount you need, no more, since everything will harden anyway. Remember, if the mixture sits quietly on its own, it will boil and harden. It cannot boil on the floor or parts because it takes on the temperature environment and cools efficiently.

* - The price is current as of 03/01/2019. Check the price every day, changes are possible.

The base and floor varnish are applied in a thick layer of 1.4 - 2.0 kg/m2
Consumption depends on the material of the picture (oracal, satin, gabordine, banner).
Depending on the application method (brush, roller, spray).
For decoration and protective coating, it is enough to apply varnish 250-450 g/m2
For tables made of epoxy resin we use 2-6 kg/m2

Information!

Our epoxy resin is supplied in containers starting from one kilogram of the finished mixture. For large areas, large containers are provided.
We work every day, we try to answer calls on time, but it’s not always possible, so dial again if you can’t get through.

Advantages of Industrial Epoxy Flooring

Earlier we talked about the fact that epoxy resins are a unique material that is most often used among self-leveling and industrial 3D floors. The price of these floor coverings is much more expensive than laminate, linoleum or tiles. Long term service and impeccable performance fully justify their high cost.

Characteristics of self-leveling floor:

Has anti-slip properties.
Waterproof surface.
Smooth, glossy finish.
There are no joints, seams or cracks.
Withstands sudden temperature changes.
Withstands multi-ton daily loads.
The service life of the self-leveling floor is 30-40 years.
It has a wide range of design designs (marble or granite chips, any picture, any color).

Important!
We are often asked whether it is possible to use self-leveling coating under a heated floor? It's possible! It is worth noting that 3D floors themselves are thick, durable and warm to the touch. If your apartment is on the ground floor and concrete screed cold feet, self-leveling flooring provides natural insulation and protection from dampness, mold, and creeping insects.

Epoxy resin is a type of synthetic resin. According to its chemical structure, epoxy resin is a synthetic oligomeric compound. Free epoxy resin is not used. It exhibits its unique properties only in combination with a hardener after the polymerization reaction. When combined different types Epoxy resins and hardening agents produce completely different materials: hard and rigid, stronger than steel and soft, like rubber. Epoxy resins are resistant to acids, halogens, alkalis, and dissolve in acetone and esters without forming a film. Cured epoxy compounds do not emit volatile compounds and exhibit low shrinkage.

Epoxy resin - diane uncured grade ED - 20

Packaging

20kg ∗ 1kg ∗ 0.5kg ∗ 0.25kg

Epoxy resin ED-20 (GOST 10587 - 84) - the highest grade, is a liquid reactive oligomeric product based on diphenylolpropane diglycidyl ether. Uncured diane epoxy resin ED - 20 can be converted into an infusible and insoluble state by the action of curing agents (hardeners) of various types - aliphatic and aromatic di- and polyamines, low-molecular polyamides, di- and polycarboxylic acids and their anhydrides, phenol-formaldehyde resins and other compounds. Depending on the hardener used, the properties of cured epoxy resin ED-20 can vary within wide limits. ED - 20 is used in industry in its pure form, or as components of composite materials - casting and impregnating compounds, adhesives, sealants, binders for reinforced plastics, protective coatings. Epoxy resin ED - 20 is not explosive, but burns when introduced into a fire source. Volatile components (toluene and epichlorohydrin) are contained in the resin in quantities determined exclusively by analytical methods, and belong to substances of the 2nd hazard class according to the degree of impact on the human body. ED-20 resin is stored in tightly closed containers in closed warehouses at a temperature not exceeding 40°C.

Qualitative indicators of epoxy resin ED-20 according to GOST 10587-84:

No.	Indicator name	Standard according to GOST
No.	Indicator name	Top grade	First grade
1	Appearance	High-viscosity transparent without visible mechanical inclusions and traces of water
2	Color according to the iron-cobalt scale, no more	3	8
3	Mass fraction of epoxy groups, %	20,0-22,5	20,0-22,5
4	Mass fraction of chlorine ion, %, no more	0,001	0,005
5	Mass fraction of saponified chlorine, %, no more	0,3	0,8
6	Mass fraction of hydroxyl groups, %, no more	1,7	—
7	Mass fraction of volatile substances, %, no more	0,2	0,8
8	Dynamic viscosity, Pa*s at 20 °C	13-20	12-25
9	Gelatinization time with hardener, h, not less	8,0	4,0

Modified epoxy resin MES-370

Packaging

20kg ∗ 1kg ∗ 0.5

Modified epoxy resin MES-370 is a low-viscosity modified epoxy resin. Designed for the manufacture of coatings, fiberglass and carbon fiber products, sealing and insulation in electrical engineering. Contains an active diluent. It has a viscosity 4.5-5 times lower than ED-20 epoxy resin. Can be used with any hardeners, both cold and hot curing, and with third-party hardeners. In terms of quality indicators, the modified epoxy resin MES-370 meets the requirements of TU 2257-370-18826195-99.

Technical requirements for modified epoxy resin MES-370

We complete

ED-20 (1 kg.) + PEPA hardener (0.1 kg.) = 600 rub.

MES-370 (1 kg.) + PEPA hardener (0.1 kg.) = 800 rub.

MES-370 (1 kg.) + hardener 45M (0.5 kg.) = 1000 rub.

MES-370 (0.5 kg.) + hardener 45M (0.25 kg.) = 500 rub.

ED-20 (1 kg.) + hardener 45M (0.5 kg.) = 800 rub.

ED-20 (0.5 kg.) + hardener 45M (0.25 kg.) = 450 rub.

ED-20 (0.25 kg.) + hardener 45M (0.125 kg.) = 250 rub.

Precautionary measures:

Those working with epoxy resins must be provided with special clothing and personal protective equipment. All operations when working with epoxy resins must be carried out in rooms equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation.

Storage:

Epoxy-diane resin is stored in tightly closed containers in closed warehouses at a temperature not exceeding 40°C.

Package:

Epoxy resins are shipped in plastic buckets.

Guaranteed shelf life is 6 months from the date of sale.

Code of epoxy resin type ED-20 CAS No.25068-38-6. Name on English language- Poly (bisphenol-A-co-epichlorohydrin) Liquid Epoxy resin (Biphend A type), Epoxy Equiv: 184-194 g/eq.

Initial use of epoxy-based compounds requires bringing it to workplace temperature. The next step is a control batch, which is recorded with a stopwatch while mixing the resin with the hardener until it becomes sticky (when you touch the batch with your finger, there will be an imprint, but there will be no traces of the batch on your finger, like on tape). Before applying the next layer of compound, the previous layer must dry to a tack. If the previous layer is completely cured, before applying subsequent layers it is necessary to thoroughly matte it with fine sandpaper, remove dust and degrease the surface with isopropyl alcohol.

To increase the viscosity, a thinner is added - plasticizer DEG-1, no more than 20%.

When heating the resin in a water bath, do not exceed 45 ° C, since when mixed with the hardener, additional temperature is generated and the resin will boil (small air bubbles will appear on the surface, like foam). Boiled resin is not suitable for use.

Calculation of consumption per 1 m2 of product.

The calculation of the consumption of the finished composition for use is indicated when used at a temperature of 25 ° C and a humidity of no more than 60%; with a decrease in temperature by every 1 degree, the consumption and curing of the resin increases by 5%.

Priming with epoxy resin 1 m2 of porous surface (first layer) needs 150 g. compound (resin with hardener), glossy surface (second layer) 100 g.

Impregnation of fiberglass (veils, glass mats, roving, composites, structural fiberglass fabrics, matting) is calculated based on the ratio of the weight of fiberglass to the weight of the compound (resin with hardener) in a ratio of 30/70 (compound/fiberglass), this ratio is ideal technological process(on automatic lines in the production of fiberglass by vacuum), with handmade It is desirable to achieve a 50/50 ratio (compound/fiberglass).

If you impregnate 1 m2 of matting with a density of 310 g/m2 using the public method (manual), you will need 310 g. compound (resin with hardener).

The individual thickness of each material impregnated with resin can be viewed on the website.

If you are interested in the technical side of the issue, please polymer composite materials, then this and.

Gelcoat

Gelcoat (English gelcoat) is a special material used to create a high-quality decorative and protective coating for products, making the surface of products resistant to atmospheric conditions, aggressive environments, and mechanical factors. Epoxy black gelcoat. Epoxy gelcoat white. Set: price 1.0 kg. (resin part + hardener) = 1000 rub. Apply by pouring, roller or spatula, or by pneumatic spraying (subject to the use of special sprayers). Intended: - …

Epoxy varnish

Epoxy protective varnish. Appearance: low-viscosity, two-pack, cold-curing compound with a brownish tint. Designed for the following purposes: - production of decorative and protective coatings for concrete, metal, wooden surfaces- production of paint and varnish coatings for interior and exterior work - application of a final protective glossy or semi-gloss coating on polymer floors According to physical, chemical, mechanical and electrical indicators, the compound ...

Hardener

The hardener is a homogeneous viscous liquid from light to dark brown in color. Polyethylene polyamine PEPA Packaging: 0.1 kg. = 80 rub., 0.2 kg. = 160 rub., 0.5 kg. = 400 rub., 1.0 kg. = 800 rub. TU 2413-357-00203447-99 Hardener polyethylene polyamine - PEPA is a liquid from light yellow to dark brown. The use of pure polyethylene polyamines for curing resins...

Anti-corrosion primer-epoxy compound E-45TZ 300 rub. per set (0.58 kg) The primer is a modified epoxy resin with a non-toxic polyamide type hardener. The primer is intended for application to previously prepared metal surface. The preferred method of application is air and airless spray. It is possible to use a brush and roller. The curing time of the compound at a temperature of 0-10 °C is 24 hours, at a temperature of 10-20 °C it is ...

According to its chemical structure, epoxy resin is a synthetic oligomeric compound. Materials made from epoxy resins have found their application in various industries. As a rule, epoxy resin is not used in its free form. It can manifest its properties after the polymerization reaction in combination with a hardener.

If you combine different types epoxy resins and hardening agents, then you can get different materials: hard and hard (hardness exceeding the hardness of steel), or soft. Epoxy resins are resistant to chemical acids and alkalis, halogens, soluble in acetone and esters without forming a film. Epoxy compounds do not emit volatile substances after curing and may exhibit slight shrinkage.

Types of epoxy resins

Types of epoxy

Epoxy resin is a type of synthetic resin. It became widespread in the fifties and immediately became popular due to its universal consumer properties.

The temperature regime for curing epoxy resin can vary from -10 to +200°C, depending on the type of composition used.

Epoxy resins can be divided into cold and hot curing types:

The cold type of curing of epoxy resin is used, as a rule, in everyday life, in enterprises with low power and where there is no heat treatment.
For the manufacture and production of high-strength products that can withstand high temperature differences and active chemicals and additives, a hot type of curing is used. With this method, the densest network of polymer molecules is formed. The developed epoxy compositions can harden in humid and damp conditions, as well as in sea water.

Application of epoxy resins

Epoxy materials have become widely known throughout the world since the middle of the last century. But in Lately The nature of their use has changed significantly.

Traditional uses of epoxy resins are in the following areas:

Hardener concept

The epoxy mixture includes two components. When they are mixed, the process of polymerization begins. In this case, the polymerizing component is usually called a hardener.

With different combinations of resins and hardeners, a variety of epoxy compositions are obtained.

Tertiary amines, phenols and their analogues are used as hardening agents. The ratio of epoxy resins and hardeners has wide limits and depends on their composition.

Epoxy resin is a so-called thermoset, i.e. the reaction that occurs between epoxy resins and hardeners is irreversible. Cured resin will not dissolve and will not melt like thermoplastic.

Resin and hardener

An excess or deficiency of hardener in the epoxy composition can lead to negative consequences: strength will decrease, as well as resistance to heat and active chemical additives and substances. If the hardener level is insufficient, the product may become sticky due to unbound epoxy resin. If there is an excessive level of free hardener, there is a gradual release on the surface of the polymer. In modern compounds, the ratio 1:2 or 1:1 is increasingly common.

Preparatory work for applying epoxy resin

Regardless of the type of surface, when using an epoxy composition, a number of rules must be followed for high-quality adhesion:

Advantages and benefits of epoxy resins

Epoxy resin has great advantages over similar materials:

high strength adhesive connection;
slight shrinkage;
minimal moisture permeability in hardening form;
increased stability and wear resistance;
excellent physical and mechanical properties and parameters.

Epoxy adhesive. Its properties and applications

Epoxy resin has gained fame as an adhesive.

Epoxy resins are most often used to create special protective layers and for gluing parts with a non-porous surface.

What can be glued with epoxy glue

In universal adhesives, as a rule, special epoxy compounds with high adhesion to different materials.

Their final properties after curing vary widely. The composition of the glue is elastic and hard. When working in living conditions There are compositions that do not require precise proportions of resin and hardener. It can be from 100:40 to 100:60. The set of these compositions includes a cold-type hardener.

Epoxy glue is considered a universal and reliable product due to its high-quality adhesion and joint strength. This glue is used in various fields, from shoe workshops to mechanical and aircraft construction.

Epoxy glue making method

Hardener proportions

To obtain glue, epoxy resin must be mixed with a hardener in a small amount at room temperature. The standard proportion of epoxy resin and hardener is 1:10. When mixing, exact proportions are not required and a slight overdose of hardener (1:5) is acceptable. A small volume is usually mixed by hand.

Epoxy resin curing speed

Many people believe that if you take more hardener than the required amount, curing will happen much faster. But the simplest and most common way to accelerate polymerization is to increase the temperature of the reacting mixture. When the temperature increases by 10°C, it can speed up the process by 2-3 times. The temperature of the mixture and the type of hardener will be the main factors influencing the speed of final cure.

Volumetric products made of epoxy resins

To make a large product from epoxy resin, certain difficulties may arise. Such a product must be free of air bubbles, and its surface must be transparent.

Epoxy table

It should be noted that curing in the thickness and on the surface should proceed evenly. With a product thickness of 2 mm or more, the material is applied in layers after the initial hardening of the previous layer.

There are special forms for epoxy resins. Before use, the mold is lubricated with technical petroleum jelly or other fats. Using powder dyes, the product can be given any color. Upon completion of work, the product is initially kept at room temperature. After 3 hours, the process of primary polymerization begins, after which the product is heated in an oven for a faster curing process (up to 6 hours). At room temperature, the process of complete polymerization can last up to 7 days, and with the addition of triethylenetetramine, the surface becomes sticky. .

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Instructions on how to dilute epoxy resin with hardener

Epoxy resin is an oligomeric synthetic compound that is widely used in gluing surfaces, pouring floors, and making design products and jewelry. The polymer is used both in industry and in everyday life. The resin has practical value only in combination with a hardener. The correct choice of the latter, adherence to technology and maintaining proportions when mixing components directly affect the final quality of the resulting product.

Hardener for epoxy resin

Acquisition of physical and operational characteristics from conventional paint and varnish materials occurs as a result of solidification accompanied by evaporation of the liquid. In some paints and resins, this process is not possible. Epoxy resin cures as a result of chemical reaction, during which polymerization occurs and the composition acquires a stable structure.

The hardener is not only a catalyst, but also a full participant in the reaction. The accuracy of the resin and hardener dosage is determined by such properties of the resulting product as uniformity, hardness, transparency, and durability. Incorrect mixing of components leads to a decrease in quality characteristics and significantly reduces the service life of both the resulting compound and the compounds and elements formed with it.

Classification of hardeners

Exist Various types hardeners. There are two types of compounds for working with epoxy compounds:

acidic;
amine.

The polymerization reaction with acidic compounds occurs at elevated temperatures, ranging from +100 to +200 degrees Celsius. The group of this type of hardeners includes dicarbic acids, including their anhydrides.

Amine hardeners do not require the use of specialized equipment and react at normal (room) temperature. Various amines belonging to this type of hardeners are the most accessible and common when diluting epoxy.

Traditional or modified hardeners

Hardeners have a much more significant impact on the result than the resin itself. TETA and PEPA were and remain the most affordable and widely used. They are attractive, first of all, for their cost, but in terms of characteristics they are significantly inferior to much more expensive modified compounds.

The disadvantages of PEPA and TETA are:

curing for TETA occurs at a temperature not lower than 25-30, and for PEPA - 15 degrees Celsius;
susceptibility to increased moisture, this minus is especially significant when pouring a floor or waterproofing;
rapid onset of polymerization, which makes it difficult to obtain a thick layer of cured resin.

Modified connections do not have these disadvantages, but they also have a corresponding cost. Which hardener to choose depends on your goals. If the resin is used in small quantities, then the compound included with the compound or system is sufficient. When it becomes necessary to purchase or replace a hardener, the dosage is selected by testing small quantities.

How to properly dilute epoxy resin with hardener?

Dilution of epoxy systems and compounds with hardener requires correct dosage and use of the following tools:

containers in which the components will be mixed;
wooden stick for mixing;
two syringes for collecting substances.

It is important to remember that the curing reaction is irreversible. It is better to perform a couple of test “mixes” in order to calculate the exact dosage and polymerization time of the resulting composition. This is especially convenient in cases where you have to work with large volumes.

General cooking procedure

It is recommended to heat the resin to a less viscous consistency, avoiding crystallization and boiling. If it overheats, it will become covered with foam and become unusable. Crystallized resin can be returned to its original transparent state by heating the substance to +40 degrees Celsius, stirring constantly.
The resin is first taken into one syringe and squeezed into a container, the hardener is taken into the other and added to the compound.
Both components are thoroughly mixed together. Electrical tools must not be used. A regular wooden stick is best.

Preparation of epoxy resin in small volumes

To obtain a conventional adhesive composition intended for household needs, cold mixing is sufficient. Ten parts of hardener are taken for one part of resin, that is, in a ratio of 1:10. All work is carried out at temperatures no higher than +25 degrees Celsius.

You should not mix all the components at once. First do a test dilution in small quantities to ensure the proportions are correct. After receiving a sample of the required quality, mix the required amount of both components, pouring them into a container, mixing thoroughly.

It is impossible to obtain large quantities of epoxy resin by cold mixing. The reaction proceeds with the release of thermal energy. And the larger volumes are mixed, the more heat will be released. Consequently, polymerization can occur instantly and the composition will become unusable.

There should be no air bubbles in the resulting mixture. It should be absolutely transparent and have a uniform viscous consistency.

Producing epoxy resin in large volumes

The artisanal method is prepared only by heating the resin in a water bath. The substance is brought to a temperature of +50 degrees Celsius. This makes it possible to obtain not only more composition than with the cold dilution method, but also to increase its suitability for work by about one or even two hours.

It is necessary to maintain the heating temperature uniform at all times. If it rises above +60 degrees, then polymerization will become inevitable. It will no longer be possible to use the resin obtained in this way. It will harden in a few minutes. Do not allow water to enter the component. This will lead to loss of adhesive properties, which is indicated by clouding.

How to mix ingredients correctly

It is recommended to dilute epoxy resin with a hardener only after adding a plasticizer. DEG-1 or DBP are mainly used. Its ratio to the total mass of epoxy resin should be between five and ten percent. For mixing, it is best to use a construction mixer with a special attachment.

The hardener is added after mixing. It is poured in gradually in a thin stream. To obtain a dense composition, use five parts of hardener per part of resin, not ten. Transparency is achieved only when the introduction of an acid or amine compound is accompanied by stirring.

Do not rush to pour in the hardener. The whole process should last from five to ten minutes. Otherwise, the mixture will boil instantly.

Epoxy curing time

Determines the period during which the resin retains viscosity and ductility, that is, it is suitable for pouring or gluing various surfaces. If the composition is diluted according to the classic recipe (1:10), the shelf life of the “epoxy” is from half an hour to an hour. When the amount of hardener is reduced, the viscosity is maintained for two or three hours.

The maintenance of resin viscosity is also directly affected by the ambient temperature. If it is negative, solidification occurs almost instantly. This is why there is a requirement to comply temperature regime while mixing the components. It is recommended to dilute the resin in a warm, but well-ventilated or ventilated area.

Safety precautions

When hardened, epoxy resin is harmless and does not emit substances that are toxic or hazardous to humans and the environment, but when mixed with a hardener, certain precautions must be followed:

Work on breeding the compound is carried out in a well-ventilated area, to which pets and small children do not have access during the work;
Mixing is best done with gloves, a respirator, and goggles, avoiding contact of both the hardener and the resin with the skin or eyes;
To avoid staining your clothes, it is recommended to wear an apron;
Surrounding objects must be protected. Once it has hardened, it is almost impossible to remove “epoxy” from furniture, clothing and other surfaces.

If the substance gets on the skin, wipe the area with acetone and wash with soap. There is no point in using alcohols and other solvents for removal. The resin is resistant to them and aggressive acids. If it gets into your eyes, you should immediately consult a doctor.

The curing reaction proceeds with the release of heat. Large volumes of epoxy resin must be prepared with caution and not at home due to possible boiling of the mixture.

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Epoxy resin - how to use it correctly

The strongest adhesive that will glue almost everything, with the exception of nylon, plexiglass, polyethylene and other non-porous elastic materials - two-component epoxy resin. The substance is also used in handicrafts, furniture making, decoupage, cars, creativity, and construction. Otherwise it is called epoxy compound. Epoxy is not used in its free form, only in combination with a hardener, which allows its unique properties to emerge after the polymerization reaction. For this reason, it is important to know how to dilute epoxy resin correctly.

What is epoxy resin

Epoxy resins are oligomers that contain epoxy groups and, when exposed to hardeners, form cross-linked polymers. Hardeners can be polyamines and other compounds. The most common epoxy resins are polycondensation products with bisphenol A or polycondensation with epichlorohydrin phenols.

Liquid epoxy resin can be of various shades: from white, transparent, to wine red. But it usually takes the form of a yellow-orange transparent liquid, with a consistency reminiscent of honey, or a solid, brown (tar-like) mass.

Compound

Epoxy resin chemical composition is a synthetic oligomeric compound. Such substances are in demand today in almost all industries. After combining epoxy resin with hardeners, the following results are obtained:

durable and soft materials;
hard and tough;
rubber-like materials.

Epoxy resin is resistant to acids, halogens, alkalis, but dissolves in acetone and esters without forming a film. After hardening, no volatile substances are released, and very slight shrinkage of the composition occurs.

How to work with epoxy resin

To work with epoxy resin you will need a hardener, a disposable cup, 2 syringes and a stirring stick.

Tip: Pour the hardener into the resin, not the other way around. Typically, the hardener has a liquid consistency and can splash out if you press the syringe sharply, so do it carefully.

Instructions for use:

Take a syringe, fill it with the required amount of resin and release it into a glass. Do the same with the hardener. Mixing proportions vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, so before starting work, carefully read the instructions for use. Incorrectly diluted epoxy does not harden well.
Mix the resin and hardener thoroughly until the mixture becomes homogeneous. You need to mix slowly and carefully; if you do it with sudden movements and quickly, bubbles will appear in the mixture. The liquid consistency of the composition will ensure that bubbles quickly escape; they will remain in the initially thick components. The density of the resin depends on the manufacturer. Insufficiently well mixed components will cause poor hardening of the composition.
Polymerization does not occur instantly; you need to wait a little until the mass acquires the consistency required for work.
Pour into a mold or make a lens.
Wait for the time specified by the manufacturer in the instructions until the epoxy resin completely hardens.

Advice During hardening, dust particles and various dirt stick well to the mass. Using containers and boxes with a lid will help prevent this. Make the product in a box and close the lid while the composition hardens.

Epoxy resin has conventional hardening stages:

At first, the mass is very liquid and drains easily, which makes it most suitable for pouring into a mold. The liquid consistency allows the epoxy to penetrate into the smallest recesses; a thicker composition cannot do this, and the relief will not be very obvious.
Over time, the epoxy resin becomes thicker and is suitable for making convex lenses on a flat base. It will not be possible to make such a lens from liquid resin - the composition will roll down from the workpiece. At this stage, it is best to fill non-relief forms at home.
The least suitable consistency of the mixture for work is like thick honey. When you put epoxy on a stick, bubbles easily form, which are very difficult to remove. At this stage, the composition is suitable for gluing the parts together. Epoxy is characterized by excellent adhesion and adheres perfectly to most materials (EDP glue was developed based on this property), but easily peels off from polypropylene, polyethylene, silicone, rubber, and surfaces coated with a film of fat.
The epoxy resin becomes very thick and sticky, and it is difficult to separate a little from the bulk.
The next stage is rubber. Epoxy does not stick to your hands, but easily wrinkles and bends, it can be used to make many products, but if you want it to harden in the desired position, then secure it, otherwise it will return to its original state.
Fully cured epoxy resin. It cannot be pressed through with a fingernail; it feels like plastic.

Advice: If there is no mold made of a special material, then lubricate the existing one with vegetable oil, but first check how this particular epoxy composition reacts to it.

Epoxy resin from different manufacturers has different curing times. The time for the onset of stages is determined exclusively experimentally. There is a soft epoxy resin that remains rubbery even after it has completely cured, which for some products is ideal option.

How to divorce

It is necessary to dilute the proportions very carefully, since an insufficient or excessive amount of hardener in the mixture negatively affects the quality of the resulting polymer.

An excess of hardener is characterized by the fact that the composition remains resistant to heat, chemicals and water, but becomes less durable. In addition, excess is released on the surface during operation of the product, so you need to know exactly how to dilute the epoxy resin correctly.

Insufficient hardener makes the resin sticky as part of it remains unbound.

To obtain various mixtures, the hardener and epoxy resin are mixed in different proportions, as you will learn by reading the instructions for use. Modern composition is usually done like this: 2 parts of resin are taken for 1 part of the hardening components, or the hardener and resin are mixed 1 to 1.

The polymerization rate is influenced by the type of hardener and the temperature of the composition. To speed up the process, heat the mixture slightly. An increase in temperature of 10° C will speed up polymerization by 3 times. There are compositions that include hardening accelerators, and there are also those that harden at low temperatures.

Epoxy resin becomes solid at temperatures from -10 to +200 ° C, which depends on the type of composition used. Most often, a cold-type hardener is used in everyday life; it is found in low-power production conditions and where heat treatment is unacceptable.

Hot-type hardeners are used in the process of producing high-strength products that will be subject to significant loads and impacts. high temperatures. Hot polymerization promotes the formation of a dense network of molecules, which ensures the stability of the composition.

Consumption per 1m2

How much epoxy resin will be used depends on the purpose of its use. If you use epoxy as glue, the properties of the surfaces being joined will affect the consumption:

porosity;
roughness;
ability to absorb substances.

Advice Apply the minimum acceptable amount of epoxy to the surfaces to be glued, then press them together and fix in this position until the glue completely hardens.

Area consumption is of great importance in the production of e.g. flooring. If you need to cover a smooth concrete floor, just to keep it dust-free, then 100 g per 1 m2 will be enough. When making a more durable coating, reinforced and perfectly flat, up to 3.5 kg of epoxy resin per 1 m2 will be required.

Modified epoxies of various shades are used in the construction of polymer self-leveling floors. The polymer pours out of the container onto the floor and spreads due to gravity. Such an application requires consumption of 1 kg of epoxy per 1 m2 per layer.

How long does it take to dry?

Complete curing of the epoxy usually occurs after 24 hours. Products (for example, brooches, hairpins) that are not subject to significant loads are ready for use after just 12 hours.

What temperature can it withstand?

The melting point of hardened epoxy resin is up to +150-180° C, while its strength will decrease slightly. Some brands of glue can withstand short-term heating up to +400° C and long-term heating up to +250° C.

Is it harmful to health?

After hardening, epoxy resin under normal operating conditions is absolutely harmless to the human body. But its use is limited by the fact that when hardened under industrial production conditions, a small soluble residue (sol fraction) remains in the composition. It is this residue that can cause serious health damage if it is washed away with solvents and enters the human body. Epoxy resins are poisonous before they harden and can adversely affect health.

Before starting work, make the table plastic film to avoid leakage and contamination of its surface. Paper will not protect against stains because the epoxy will saturate it.
Do not allow water to get into the hardener, epoxy resin, or mixture of these substances. If you work with the composition at high indoor humidity, hardening will not occur.
You can give the epoxy any shade. This is done by adding special toners to the composition, but their cost is relatively high. A more affordable option is gel pen ink, paint inside felt-tip pens, markers, or stained glass.
Do not work with epoxy at ambient temperatures below +22° C, as there is a possibility that the composition will not harden well.
If the resin is kept in a cold room, for example, on a balcony, flakes or grains may appear in it. To return the composition to its original state, heat it to 40-60° C.
By placing the product on a radiator, you will shorten the drying time of the epoxy resin. Make sure that the temperature is not too high so that the mixture does not boil with the formation of many bubbles.
If a bubble has formed close to the surface of the epoxy resin, simply blow on it through a cocktail straw or an untwisted pen. The resulting bubble will burst.
Epoxy is characterized by increased fluidity; for this reason, do not use the composition as a coating (varnish) for relief products.
Make high-quality lenses on blanks with flat surface It will only be possible by placing them in a perfectly horizontal position. Otherwise, the lenses will turn out uneven - higher on one side, lower on the other.
If the lens slides towards the center and does not cover the edges of the workpiece, this indicates that little epoxy was poured or it is very liquid. Try pouring another layer, this will correct the situation.
So that over time the epoxy resin does not turn yellow under the influence of sun rays and heat, purchase a product that contains a UV filter.
If epoxy gets on your hands, wipe off the stains with alcohol, then wash your hands with soap.
If resin gets into your eyes or is swallowed, consult a doctor.

Epoxy resins are toxic to a greater or lesser extent, depending on the composition. For this reason, it is necessary to work with them in a well-ventilated room or under a hood. You can completely protect yourself from inhaling organic acid vapors by working with epoxy in a respirator.

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Common mistakes when mixing epoxy resin

This type of polymer was originally developed exclusively for industrial use. However, the unique properties of epoxy resin very quickly attracted the attention of handmade artists. Nowadays it is used almost everywhere: from pouring floors to creating miniature jewelry.

The technological complexity of this compound lies in the need for its preliminary preparation. It is not sold in finished form, to obtain it you need to combine two components: the raw material itself and the hardener.

Polymerization, which begins immediately after contact, results in the creation of a durable, transparent polymer.

Proportions

It is formed as a result of a complex chemical polymerization reaction, in which the characteristics of the resulting plastic depend on the numerical ratio of the components. This process is irreversible; curing begins when the components come into contact. It is impossible to stop the reaction and return to the liquid state in order to correct the mistakes made.

Epoxy is not softened by solvents or heat. Therefore, it is so important to immediately select the correct ratio of the initial elements.

The required proportions must be indicated on the manufacturer's packaging. If you add less than recommended hardener to the composition, the resulting plastic will not harden at all, or will remain sticky and cloudy. This is due to the fact that due to the lack of one element, the second will not fully react and will remain unbound.

If, on the contrary, you increase the amount of this reagent, then with a slight excess the mixture may harden, but the strength will decrease. In addition, if there is an excess of the component, after hardening it may be released onto the surface and will have to be removed. This will also affect the quality of the product.

Receiving large volumes requires special care, because... heat release is directly proportional to the amount of substance being mixed. For bulky items (for example, creating self-leveling floors), special compositions have been developed that do not overheat even with a large amount of material used.

Basic mistakes when mixing

Experienced professionals advise not to mix more than 50 ml at a time. If you try to cook a large portion at once, and even improperly, then not only boiling is possible, but also spontaneous combustion with the release of toxic smoke. When making large things (for example, countertops), you need to study the instructions, which will indicate the maximum volume allowed by this brand.
You should not use plastic containers when working with large volumes; even with an unintentional mistake, the substance can suddenly heat up, melting the container and pouring hot viscous liquid onto everything around it.
If the purchased product runs out of one of the components, you should not experiment and add the missing component from another set - the result is unpredictable.
Foreign impurities can also disrupt proportionality, and therefore properties. Thus, water that gets inside leads to cloudiness and incomplete hardening of the substance. Therefore, even small doses of water should not be added.
It is also not recommended to work under high humidity air - water condensate will interact with the unhardened mass, which will lead to poor-quality hardening. In this situation, heating with external source heat - the water evaporates, and polymerization can proceed to completion.
Sometimes it is necessary to change the properties of the final product - for example, it is necessary to give a shade to a transparent mass. For this, various additives and dyes can be introduced, but only after thoroughly mixing the two main components.

Mixing

According to experienced specialists, 90-95% of problems are associated with unfair mixing of the substance. For correct production one liquid is carefully poured into another with continuous stirring. Movements should be smooth and slow to avoid the formation of air inclusions. During the process, it is necessary to scrape off adhering particles from the walls and bottom of the dish so as not to disturb the required ratio of the reacting elements. The approximate processing time for 50 ml is one and a half to two minutes.

Small portions are easy to make by hand. To do this, the two starting liquids are carefully combined in a suitable container and mixed continuously with a wooden spatula until completely transparent and homogeneous. With large portions, it is difficult to achieve the required homogeneity in a fairly short time, so it is rational to use a special mixer.

A poorly made mixture does not harden well and remains sticky. Sometimes inexperienced users add another layer to such a coating - “to fix it”. This is useless; the failed coating can only be removed and all the work done again.

A minor defect of insufficient mixing can be considered subtle stains on the surface of a polymer product. They are formed due to the manifestation of an unbound reagent. This defect can be corrected. The product must be allowed to harden completely, then finely sandpaper clean up the stains and cover the cleaned area with another layer of polymer substance.

You may also be interested in: Main mistakes when working with epoxy resin Safety of epoxy resin Tools and materials used for working with jewelry epoxy compound

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Epoxy resin: characteristics and scope of application

Epoxy resin is a material familiar to almost every person of conscious age. Having appeared on the construction market in the fifties of the last century, it has taken a well-deserved place on many construction sites, due to its universal consumer characteristics. The scope of application of the synthetic oligomer, which is epoxy resin, is quite wide and includes shipbuilding, industrial production and household sectors. Development modern technologies and the constant development of new compositions contributes to the constant expansion of this list, and, accordingly, the possibilities of using epoxy resins. Despite this, this material is never used in its pure form and acquires its valuable properties only after mixing with a hardener, which contributes to the completion of polymerization reactions. Due to the demand for epoxy resin on modern construction sites, as well as in the household and creative industries, in this article we will look at specifications of this material and substances containing epoxy resin.

Benefits of epoxy resins

Epoxy composition: resin to hardener ratio

In demand in almost all industries, epoxy resin, from the point of view of chemical structure, is a synthetic oligomeric compound that is used in combination with hardeners that contribute to the completion of polymerization processes. It is these processes, after completion of which the epoxy resin is ready for use, that determine its technical and operational characteristics. Taking this into account, we can come to the conclusion that epoxy resin cannot be used in its pure form.

In the process of combination various types Epoxy resins and hardeners produce a variety of substances that sometimes have opposite properties. Some of them can be hard and rigid, the strength of which exceeds the strength of steel, while others, on the contrary, will be soft, resembling rubber in consistency. Depending on the initial components of the epoxy mixture, curing of epoxy resin can occur under conditions of a wide temperature range: from -10 to +200 degrees, and the material itself is also divided into two types: hot and cold curing resin, which is determined mainly by the type of material used hardener.

Epoxy resin in combination with a cold-curing hardener is used for domestic purposes, in small-scale industries and in cases where heat treatment is not permissible.

If epoxy resin is used to make products that initially must be resistant to high temperatures, mechanical stress and aggressive chemicals, it is supplemented with a hot-curing hardener. This is due to the fact that the use of hot-curing hardeners promotes the formation of a more dense molecular lattice, which formed the basis for the production of epoxy systems, the curing of which is carried out in conditions of high humidity or in sea water.

The hardener for epoxy resin acts as a polymerizing component. Tertiary amines and their analogues and phenols can be used as a hardener. The ratio of epoxy resin to hardener can be residually variable and is directly determined by the composition of the starting components. Being a thermoset, epoxy resin undergoes an irreversible polymerization reaction with the hardener, which helps to obtain a durable substance that is insoluble in water and under the influence of high temperatures.

In the process of mixing components, it is important to maintain the necessary proportions that are relevant for a particular type of resin, since an excess or deficiency of hardener affects Negative influence on the quality of the finished polymer, reducing its strength, resistance to moisture, temperature and aggressive chemicals. The ratio of components in modern epoxy compositions is 1:2 or 1:1.

Important! One of the common myths about epoxy resin is that if the hardener used is exceeded, the resin will cure much faster. To debunk it, we note that exceeding the amount of hardener does not affect the polymerization rate of the material. Only possible way accelerating resin polymerization is an increase in the temperature of the reacting mixture. It has been proven that increasing the temperature by 10 degrees helps speed up the hardening process by 2-3 times. This property formed the basis for the production of compounds, the structure of which contains curing accelerators. Epoxy compounds have also been developed that harden at lower temperatures.

Thus, the main and only factors affecting the curing speed are the temperature of the mixture and the type of hardener.

Main types of epoxy resin

There are several types of epoxy resins, each of which includes several subspecies.

Epoxy-diane resins are a collective concept that includes several subtypes of resins of epoxy nature - materials labeled ED-20 and ED-22.

Epoxy resin ED-20 is the most commonly used type of liquid resin, which has universal performance characteristics. It is widely used both in industry and in everyday life as part of casting and impregnating compounds, as well as in the production of sealants and adhesives. Can be used as a binding material for the production of reinforced plastics and protective coatings.
Epoxy resin ED-22 is another representative of liquid resins of epoxy nature, characterized by relatively low viscosity and a tendency to crystallize during storage. Like ED-20, it has universal operational properties.
Epoxy resin ED-16 is a material with high viscosity, as a result of which it is used only in the production of fiberglass as a binder;
Epoxy resins ED-10 and ED-8 are solid substances used in electrical and radio engineering.

Epoxy-diane resins for paints and varnishes are a group of epoxy resins, including grades E-40 and E-40r, which are used for the manufacture of varnishes, paints, putties and coatings that demonstrate resistance to increased exposure to chemicals and aggressive environmental factors. Epoxy resin E-41, as well as previous brands, is used in casting compositions, putties, enamels and adhesives.
Epoxy-modified resins of the EPOFOM brand are materials that are used for the production of epoxy compounds used as protective coatings for the installation of self-leveling floors and pipeline repairs.

The group of epoxy-modified resins includes grades EPOFOM-1,2,3. They are raw materials for the production of materials that perform the function of protective coatings, the main function of which is to prevent concrete and metal structures. Protects construction sites from exposure to chemically aggressive substances.

Special-purpose epoxy resins are a group of materials used for the production of compositions with special physical, mechanical and technological characteristics and operated in extreme conditions, as well as products used in various fields of industry and exposed to aggressive environmental factors. The most well-known specialty resins are:

ECD resin (chlorine-containing), used as a base in the production of sealants, adhesives, and a binder component for carbon and fiberglass, characterized by mechanical stability, reduced flammability and moisture resistance;
UP-637 resin, which contains resorcinol, is the main material used as a basis for the production of impregnating and casting compounds. Another variety of the UP-631 brand is a structural component of non-flammable compounds for pouring and impregnation.

Epoxy resin ED-20: a brief description of

From the point of view of chemical structure, epoxy resin ED-20 is an oligomeric compound based on diphenylolpropane diglycidyl ether. A variety of bioorganic substances can be used as a hardener for epoxy-diane resin of this brand - phenol-formaldehyde resins, polycarboxylic acid anhydrides, aromatic and aliphatic amines, polyamides and other substances. Depending on the hardener used, the technical and operational characteristics of ED-20 resin vary widely.

Taking this into account, the scope of its application is determined, which is also characterized by its versatility:

Epoxy resin ED-20 is one of the few types of epoxy resins that can be used in industrial production and as part of composite materials, for example, casting and impregnating compounds, and in pure form;
ED-20 is used for the production of epoxy adhesive and sealant;
Serves as a binding component in the production of reinforced plastic and protective coatings.

Important! Being absolutely non-explosive, ED-20 resin does not burn in an open fire. The material contains volatile substances - epichlorohydrin and toluene, which belong to the second hazard class in terms of the degree of impact on the human body.

Benefits of epoxy resins

Resistance to abrasive substances, and, accordingly, wear;
Strength adhesive connection in the case of using adhesives based on epoxy resin;
Optimal physical and mechanical characteristics;
After curing, epoxy resin is characterized by minimal moisture permeability;
Minimal shrinkage during and after curing.

Scope of application of epoxy resin: main areas of use

The use of epoxy resin first began in the 50s of the last century - in those days, the resin took its rightful place in many industries. Since then, the nature of its use has undergone many changes, but the main areas of its use have remained unchanged:

Fiberglass and epoxy resin are the constant use of the latter. As an impregnating composition for glass fiber and fiberglass, as well as gluing parts, epoxy resin is used in many engineering industries - radio electronics, electrical engineering, aviation and automotive industries, ship and mechanical engineering, as well as in the production of fiberglass, and workshops practicing body repair car and boat hull elements;

Epoxy resin, whose uses are as versatile as its properties, can be used as waterproofing coatings for floors, pools and walls basements;
Incorporation into chemically resistant coatings - the use of epoxy resin is at the heart of the production of paints and materials intended for interior and exterior finishing buildings, for example, impregnations that increase strength and moisture resistance porous materials– wood, concrete and others;
The clear epoxy resin, intended for pouring into molds, is machined through cutting and grinding after curing. The processed elements can be used in the electronics industry, household, design work and even jewelry.

Important! Jewelry made from natural materials is now at the peak of popularity. Using jewelry epoxy resin, which is a plastic mass, you can make products that completely imitate glass. To make epoxy resin jewelry more attractive, natural materials such as dried flowers, leaves, pine cones, or even insects are poured into the resin.

Epoxy adhesive: brief description

The many-sided properties of epoxy resin are manifested when it is used as an adhesive, demonstrating all the delights of the raw materials used. Epoxy adhesive is a universal composition for gluing materials characterized by a non-porous surface: aluminum, earthenware, ceramics, hard rocks wood such as oak, teak, eucalyptus, etc. It is used with equal popularity in shoe workshops and in aircraft manufacturing. This is due to the high adhesion and strength of the connection formed. There are two types of epoxy resin-based adhesives: elastic and rigid.

Important! If you are planning to carry out work in domestic conditions, experts recommend giving preference to adhesive compositions that do not require precise adherence to the ratio of resin and hardener. The set of such compositions is supplemented with a cold hardener.

To prepare epoxy glue, the resin must be mixed with a small amount of hardener (several grams) at room temperature. Basically, epoxy resin and hardener are taken in a ratio of 1: 10, however, it is allowed to exceed the hardener norm, which contributes to a change in the ratio to 1: 5. The components of the composition are mixed manually.

Making large volumes of epoxy resin with your own hands

Epoxy resin is characterized by a number of specific properties, ignorance of which can lead to problems in the process of producing large volumes of epoxy composition. It is important to know that when working with large quantities of epoxy material, heat is generated, and unless the resin is designed to be mixed with a hardener in large quantities, immediately after the components are combined, it will polymerize and harden, becoming unusable. In the worst case, the mixture boils with the release of acrid smoke and undergoes spontaneous combustion, which is explained by the avalanche-like heating of the resin, during which the polymerization reaction accelerates and intense heat generation occurs.

Important! When purchasing epoxy resin and hardener, check with a specialist for what purposes it is intended. From a special composition designed for preparing large volumes of the mixture, you will receive a clean, transparent, evenly hardened casting, characterized by the absence of air bubbles.

The technology for preparing large volumes of epoxy resin, for example, several kilograms of the mixture, differs from mixing a small amount of epoxy glue. Let's look at this process in more detail.

Often, when resin is stored for a long time, it becomes more viscous, and also becomes cloudy and crystallizes. To eliminate these phenomena, heat the resin in a water bath before adding the hardener and plasticizer, which will reduce its viscosity. To do this, place the container with resin in water and heat it to a temperature of 50-60 degrees;

Important! When heating the resin, remember that increasing the temperature by 10 degrees speeds up the polymerization process by 2-3 times. As a result, it is important to monitor the temperature of the resin, as if it boils, it will turn cloudy white and foam, becoming unusable.

Important! Often, inexperienced craftsmen use a solvent to increase the viscosity of the resin, but even a small concentration of it (no more than 5-7%) will lead to a pronounced decrease in the strength characteristics and heat resistance of the product. In addition, during the operation of the product, the solvent often “sweats out” from the polymer, which also deteriorates the quality of the material.

Completely eliminate the presence of water in the epoxy resin and hardener. When exposed to water, the epoxy resin becomes cloudy, losing its properties. However, the development of modern technologies makes it possible to produce water-borne epoxy compounds that are diluted with distilled water;
The preparation of the epoxy composition begins with the addition of a plasticizer. If you are using DBP, slowly heat the resin with the plasticizer, and when using DEG-1, simply mix the composition using a construction mixer or a drill attachment. The proportion of plasticizer and resin used is determined by the required plasticity of the mixture, but in most cases the proportion of plasticizer in the mixture does not exceed 5-10%;
Before adding a hardener to the mixture of resin and plasticizer, cool it to 30 degrees, which will prevent it from boiling. After this, add a hardener to the mixture based on a ratio of 1: 10. Sometimes it is possible to change the proportions from 1:5 to 1:20. To achieve uniform dissolution of the hardener in the resin, it is necessary to constantly stir the composition, otherwise, if the hardener is unevenly distributed, it will remain unbound and will sweat out. To achieve a homogeneous mixture, slowly and gradually pour the hardener in a thin stream, constantly stirring the composition.

Important! Even a short-term increase in the concentration of the hardener will lead to boiling of the resin - it will acquire a matte white hue, become covered with foam and become unusable. Try to avoid overdosing on the hardener, as in some cases instant hardening of the resin may occur.

Making a three-dimensional product from epoxy resin: recommendations from experts

The volumetric product made of epoxy resin should be transparent, without air bubbles. Curing of the material must be uniform, both in the thickness and on the surface of the product. If the thickness of the finished product exceeds 2 mm, the resin must be applied in layers after the primary polymerization of the previous layer has occurred.
Epoxy resin can also be poured into molds. So that after polymerization of the resin finished products could be easily removed from the mold, it must be lubricated with technical petroleum jelly. To give the product color, powder dye is used.
After you have completed the work, the product must be kept at a temperature slightly above room temperature. After 2-3 hours after the initial polymerization, the product is heated in an oven, which will speed up the polymerization process to 5-6 hours. At room temperature, the polymerization process lasts 7 days.
Subsequently, the product cast from epoxy resin is subject to mechanical processing - cutting and grinding.

Important! In most cases, domestically produced epoxy resin is unsuitable for the manufacture of bulk products, which is determined by its uneven curing throughout the thickness of the product.

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Epoxy grout. >%

Why use epoxy grout in the bathroom?

Is it justified to use epoxy grout in the bathroom? The question is not idle - the difference in price between an epoxy and cement mixture of the same color and manufacturer reaches five times.

Moreover, such grout is intended for other cases.

There will be the same fivefold increase in quality and properties, and is it really necessary in a shower room? We can discuss this using the example of “LITOCHROM STARLIKE” from Litokol, taking the stated advantages as a basis.

“103 exclusive color options…… “

This phrase can be expressed differently (hereinafter the text is from Litokol) “by adding special additives (glitters, etc.) to the basic range of colors (26 colors), it is possible to obtain 103 new shades, which .....”. That is, the same basic colors as most mixtures, but with the addition of glitter.

“Color consistency. The grout will not fade and is not susceptible to UV radiation.”

There is no intense sunlight in the bathroom. And how much high-quality cement grout fades in the sun is a moot point.

“When applied, LITOCHROM STARLIKE does not give a staining effect on ceramic tiles, mosaics, or natural stone tiles.”

- in the same instructions, but a little further, there is a warning regarding granite, mosaic and natural stone with a porous surface and high absorbency. “…surfaces are complex, can be prone to staining and can be difficult to clean. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a test grouting and avoid using contrasting colors.”

“Resistance of seams to stains from tea, coffee, wine and other substances. This property is indeed inherent in epoxy mixtures. Due to almost zero moisture penetration. In cement grouts with a weak water-repellent effect, the color of wine or coffee (if not removed immediately from the surface) penetrates to depth. Delete them later detergents difficult. But such stains are more relevant for mosaic countertops in the kitchen than for the bathroom. Although, in the shower stall such traces can be left by hair dye.

“Fungus does not form on seams” - Fungus does not form on all surfaces - this is true. But if there is no mold on the seams, but it appears on the plasterboard ceiling, it will not become easier for you. It is necessary to remove the conditions for the formation of fungus - low temperature and high humidity. And then he will be nowhere.
“...does not shrink during curing”

There is shrinkage in the epoxy mixture, but less. Cement has tolerance< 2 мм, а для эпоксидных <1/5мм/м2. Этот показатель важен для плитки и мозаики без фасок. Где неправильная технология заполнения приводит к визуально глубоким швам.

“Grout resistance to deformation.”

“Complete absence of cracks or pits on the rubbed seams.”

“Excellent resistance of grouted seams to sudden temperature changes, from -20°C to +100°C. *” – This is the same property, but in different versions of presentation. Plasticity is the main advantage of epoxy grout. The bending strength of epoxy grout is ≥ 30 N/mm², which is 10 times greater than that of cement grout.

But in the shower there is no temperature difference from -20 to +100 C. Resistance to deformation is necessary for grout on heated floors, in the lining of stoves and fireplaces. Such moments can arise even on foundations subject to deformation loads - structures made of plasterboard, chipboard, fiberboard, OSB. Sharp temperature fluctuations are also possible in winter on a base lined with foam tiles.

In bathrooms there are no critical deformations that require grout with special properties.

“Abrasion resistance and exceptional mechanical strength of seams.”

For epoxy mixtures, abrasion strength is ≤ 250 mm3, which is approximately 10 times higher than that for cement grouts.

But, in a sanitary unit, increased seam strength is not needed. There is no intensive movement of people and machinery here. This quality is necessary at airports, shopping centers, train stations and metro stations.

“Completely waterproof - the seams do not absorb or allow water to pass through.”

Waterproofness is necessary in the lining of the shower stall and the area around the bathtub. But for this they use waterproofing. It is better suited for such purposes.

The waterproofness of the seam is more important on terraces, balconies, and porches in order to prevent the base from getting wet and further destruction due to freezing.

“Excellent chemical resistance of seams to acids, alkalis and aggressive substances” - Showers are not constantly treated with such substances. This most likely happens in chemical laboratories, car service centers, food industry workshops, garages and batteries, and car washes.

Advantages of epoxy grout.

The advantages of a two-component mixture are not in doubt. The question is where to use these advantages.

In addition to the listed advantages, manufacturers rarely highlight such a property as the ability to glue tiles to epoxy grout. There is no need for this for tiles. But in mosaic cladding it allows simultaneous installation and grouting. Due to the small thickness of the material, white glue protrudes from the seams and becomes a problem when tiling. Especially when using transparent mosaic and dark-colored grout.

Epoxy grout is indispensable in rooms with an aggressive environment where joints are destroyed, as is the case with a swimming pool. A fivefold increase in the price of the mixture for joints in such cases is justified:

Another two-component mixture can be used when filling outer corners. As an alternative to cutting at 45 degrees.

Most manufacturers of building mixtures also produce epoxy grouts. Of those known in the post-Soviet space, Mapei has a mixture of “Kerapoxy”, Litokol has “STARLIKE”, Ceresite has “Ceresit CE48” and Sopro has “Sopro Topas”. There is a significant variation in price. In terms of quality, each mixture is similar to the rest of the company's products. Quality is formed in laboratories and depends on the production culture and the availability of funds for new developments.

Technology of grouting joints with epoxy grout.

Epoxy grout is also called two-component grout. In a plastic bucket there are two compositions in separate packaging.

The filling process begins with preparing the mixture by mixing paste and liquid.

The first inconvenience lies in the preparation - the mixed composition hardens after 40 - 90 minutes (different manufacturers have different usage times). It begins to thicken even earlier and it becomes more difficult to work. Therefore, it is dangerous to completely mix the contents of the bucket. You have to divide the paste and catalyst in half, and in the absence of experience, even smaller doses. Some epoxy manufacturers have dispensing marks on their containers that you can use to guide you. But, basically, it is assumed that one batch (2 kg) will be made at once.

Further, the technology for filling joints is no different from working with cement-based grouts. And the same tools are needed. The only thing is that some of them (cellulose-coated grater and foam sponges) become disposable.

The only thing the instructions pay attention to is the condition of the seam before filling. It must be dry, free of traces of cement and dust. It is also desirable that the seam be 2/3 empty.

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Why use epoxy grout in the bathroom?

Advantages of epoxy grout.

Technology of grouting joints with epoxy grout.

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