Devices for sharpening the end cutting elements of a milling and cantering machine are divided according to the nature of the work and are divided into two types - universal and special.
Let's take a look at each of these options below.
1 Machines for sharpening milling cutters for metal - an overview of factory models
Sharpening cutters for working on metal and wood is done by hand using worm universal devices.
In addition, the cutting elements of the chipper canter can be sharpened using special tools.
Both homemade and universal machine for sharpening end mills for wood is equipped with devices that provide fastening, installation and sharpening of the part.
When choosing the presented tool for sharpening knives of a milling and canter machine with your own hands, it is necessary to take into account such parameters as:
- versatility of the machine;
- dimensions;
- speed;
- machining accuracy class;
- electric motor power;
- installation method;
- possibility of connection to the mains.
Kaindl KSS is the most acceptable device for sharpening the end knives of cutter-canter equipment.
This small unit is able to professionally sharpen end knives quickly and efficiently.
Such a device is several times cheaper professional equipment and is easy to use.
Kaindl KCC is applied to adjust the cutting edge of diamond circular saws and milling cutters, and is also ideal for home use. Presented equipment for sharpening drills, end knives, diamond circular saws.
Efficient sharpening of cutters of worm milling units is carried out due to precise fixation of the tool in any position.
For this, prisms and thrust pins are used. The sanding disc itself can be adjusted to work in any position using a special swivel holder.
The main feature of this machine is the use conventional drill instead of an electric motor. The universal swivel mounting system allows you to connect any type of drill to the device.
Sharpening of knives of milling and worm units can be carried out using the device trademark Ruko, which is equipped with a laser controller.
This equipment can work with cutting edges with a diameter of 12 to 100 mm. The presented device is quickly and easily installed with your own hands, this is facilitated by a special step holder.
Before setting the cutting edges of the worm milling units, a laser pointer can be used for precise positioning.
At the same time, the sharpening angle changes smoothly (stepless). The process itself takes place using diamond discs with a diameter of 125 mm, and for more correct processing, you can attach a magnifying glass equipped with neon illumination.
2 We make a do-it-yourself sharpening machine
For the manufacture of a device for sharpening a cutter blade, you will need Electrical engine, with a power of not more than 1 kW, two pulleys and bearings with a shaft.
A homemade machine must begin to be assembled from the bed. The bed is made using steel corners. Besides, homemade machine must be equipped with a handguard. For its installation, a swivel bar is being constructed.
This design will help in adjusting the level of inclination of the chipper cutter towards the grinding wheel.
The sharpening of the cutters is carried out in such a way that the installed cutting part can minimally come into contact with the rotating circle.
When working, it must be slowly brought to the disk. A homemade grinding machine can be made according to a pre-compiled scheme. In this case, the location of the grinding wheel relative to the hand rest is taken into account.
A home-made machine for sharpening knives of milling and cantering equipment must be equipped with protective cover, which will cover the gap circle.
When assembling, it should be noted that the gap between the installed plate and the grinding wheel should not exceed 3 mm.
Homemade mini sharpening machine cutters of the cutter-canter unit must be equipped with flanges that will provide clamping.
It is worth considering that the length of the flanges should not be less than a quarter of the diameter of the grinding wheel.
At self assembly in the gap between the nut and the flange, you need to put a paronite gasket. Thanks to her, the nut will tighten as tightly as possible on the gross section.
2.1 How to sharpen a cutter with your own hands?
Sharpening of the knife of the milling-cantering unit can be carried out without the presence of special mechanisms and devices.
To do this, you can use a diamond bar, which is placed on the edge of a workbench or desktop. Sharpening the edge of the knife is carried out by holding a bar along its front surface.
The cutting element must first be cleaned of dirt and dust with a solvent. If the cutter is equipped with a guide bearing, it must be removed before sharpening.
If this is not done, then the cutter is most likely deformed. When sharpening, the bar should periodically be moistened with a small amount of water, and after the work is completed, wipe it dry.
It is important to know that in the process of grinding the front surface, the edge of the blade will be sharpened, and its diameter will decrease slightly.
In addition, when sharpening the knives of a milling and worm machine, in order to maintain the symmetry of the edge, it is necessary to repeatedly make movements, ensuring uniform pressure.
Depending on the material from which the cutter is made, abrasive (sandpaper) paper can be used instead of timber.
It is mounted on a strip of steel or wooden lath. You can also adjust the blade with grinder rotating at low speed. The device can be equipped with an appropriate abrasive wheel.
2.2 Proper sharpening of the cutter (video)
2.3 Safety rules for sharpening
When carrying out work, it is extremely important to adhere to the following safety requirements:
- the grinding wheel must pass a preliminary rotation test;
- check whether the permissible speed of rotation of the circle, indicated in the marking, will not exceed;
- do not use a fork-shaped handpiece, as it does not allow you to adjust the gap from the sides of the circle;
- before starting work abrasive wheel should be balanced.
It is important to consider that when installing the handpiece, the gap between it and the circle did not exceed 3 mm. In this case, the platform of the handrest should be located at the level of the horizontal axis no higher than 10-15 mm.
If the gap exceeds the specified value or the handpiece is below the horizontal axis, it can be pulled out and jammed around.
In addition, you need to pay attention to the absence of notches and potholes on the rotating grinding element.
It is strictly forbidden to touch in a rotating circle, in order to avoid injury to the fingers, it is necessary to use leather fingertips or construction gloves made of dense fabric.
When carrying out work, the blade must be tightly pressed against the handpiece; it is forbidden to sharpen it while holding it on weight. In the process of correcting the cutting edge, do not bring the tool to the circle quickly.
It should be pressed gradually, moving along the surface of the handpiece. With this work, the wheel will grind evenly, and it can be reused.
If, however, the circle is sharply applied to the tool being sharpened, then it will be produced unevenly and will quickly become unusable.
When working with a cutter made of hardened steel, it is necessary to interrupt sharpening as often as possible, since from excessive pressing against a rotating surface, the blade can heat up and lose its original hardness.
When installing the tool, it must be securely fixed in a vise or sharpener. If the cutter is poorly fixed, then it can be pulled out, which will lead to damage to the circle.
When grinding, it is forbidden to bend over the tool to observe the process. The very moment the circle touches the blade can be determined by the spark that appears.
You can determine the degree of sharpening after the tool is moved to a safe distance.
If during operation the machine starts to vibrate, it must be immediately turned off and the movable joints checked. By following these simple safety rules, you can perform all the necessary manipulations quickly and efficiently.
In the modern variety of services on the market building materials, it is easy to find help in sharpening cutters.
But don't rush this work you can do it yourself. This is typical not only for work on sharpening cutters, but also for other types of work.
The standard milling cutter sharpening machine has two chucks different configuration. One of them for three spade cutters, and the second for two and four spade cutters. It is difficult to make a mistake in this case, since if the number of cutter feathers is incorrectly set, it is not possible to insert the cutter into the cartridge.
Having decided on the choice of cartridge, you can proceed to the direct stages of sharpening cutters:
- sharpening on a ribbon;
- edge sharpening.
Ribbon sharpening
One of the appropriate cup sockets must be used. From the standard set of collets, we select the appropriate collet in size (8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm).
We put the collet into the chuck and fix it with a clamping nut. This procedure is done without any effort, the clamping nut rotates freely and does not need to be tightened.
- In the nest of the glass, we set the length of the tape to be sharpened. As a rule, this distance is adjusted by unscrewing the screws located in the cup socket. By moving the bottom of the socket up or down, select the length, and then fix the screws back.
- We install the cutter in the chuck through the upper hole, while setting the diameter of the cutter and the sharpening angle on the adjusting screw in advance. We fix the prepared cartridge in a glass, while correctly setting the lines of the cutter in relation to the element to be sharpened. That is, with its grooves, the cutter should cling to the pin.
- Then we turn on the machine and with the feed regulator we bring the cutter to the grinding wheel until the sound of contact begins and we sharpen the cutter's ribbon from all sides. Removal of metal from the cutter being sharpened can be reduced and increased using the regulators installed on the machine. This adjustment is necessary when changing the diameter of the cutter and correcting existing irregularities on the machined cutter.
Edge cutter sharpening
To sharpen the cutter on the end, you must use the second socket for the cartridge located on the machine.
In this case, you need to do the steps described earlier to set the diameter and length.
- Depending on the hardness of the metal being processed, the settings on the socket are set. The harder the metal, the more the socket ring turns towards the “+” sign.
- Next, turn on the machine, insert the prepared cartridge with the cutter into the socket and process the part until the characteristic noise stops. Each groove of the cutter is machined.
- In the additional socket of the machine, the cutter is sharpened from the end, for which the above steps are performed.
- The last operation - processing rear wall cutter, which is produced by inserting a chuck with a cutter into the corresponding socket of the machine.
- Thus, the cutter was sharpened in compliance with all the required geometric features separately and in relation to each other. Sharpening is uniform on all sides.
Do-it-yourself cutter sharpening
This procedure can be performed by yourself and use improvised means.
Such an opportunity will save money, and in case of repeated use, it will save valuable time.
- First, we clean the cutter from soot, for which we use a special liquid, similar to those used to clean car engines. It is necessary to fill the cutter and wait about three minutes, then clean the cutter from all sides with a brush.
- Next, we take a diamond bar and begin to sharpen the cutter along the leading edge (the movement of the cutter channel along the diamond bar).
- The bar is wetted with ordinary water. After sharpening, wipe the cutter with a cloth.
Quality manual sharpening significantly different from sharpening using a special machine, but in manual version saves time.
Sharpening cutters is an operation to restore cutting properties that have been lost as a result of tooth wear.
Modern equipment, which our company uses, allows you to sharpen cut-off cutters with perfect accuracy:
- when sharpening cutters, like any other tool, we observe all the necessary parameters;
- provide maximum amount tool regrinding in the future;
- we provide the best performance in the processing of materials, the absence of chips, an increase in the service life of the cutter between sharpening.
A well-sharpened milling cutter increases its durability, which significantly reduces consumption. cutting tool. If you have been operating the cutter for quite a long time or are just planning to use it, then remember that the amount of cutter wear should not exceed the established optimal values, which are taken as the blunting criterion. In order to keep the cutter in its almost original form, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the cutting edges and, of course, sharpen the cutter in time, trying to prevent too much wear or breakage of the teeth.
As a rule, sharpening of a disk cutter is carried out on universal grinding machines. In order for the sharpening process to take place correctly, it is necessary to comply with the existing and introduced certain standards for allowable runouts, established quality assurance for cutting edges and surface quality.
Our company offers you the highest quality work. Turning to us, you turn to highly qualified professionals in their field who approach the performance of their work with all responsibility.
Sharpening of milling cutters with us will provide long life and the performance of your tool, will ensure the reliability of operation, since a dull cutter is very dangerous! Keep this in mind when performing a specific task for which you may need this tool. And in case of problems or approaching the end of the resource cutting discs- contact our company.
Rules for accepting disc cutters for regrinding
1. To carry out sharpening of disc cutters, an "Agreement for the processing of customer-supplied raw materials" must be concluded between the customer and the contractor.
2. Cutters are accepted only if there is an invoice form M-15 from the Customer, in which it is necessary to indicate the contract number and the range of disk cutters.
3. When handing over cutting disc cutters for regrinding, the Customer must receive from the Contractor an “Inspection Order” signed by the Contractor, which indicates the cost and deadline for the work.
4. Receipt of cutters is carried out only by proxy.
Cutter sharpening operations maintain the technical and physical characteristics of the parts, thereby extending their working life. There are many approaches to the implementation of such activities, the choice among which is determined by the nature of the operation and the design of the element. The intensity of cutter wear largely depends on its design, based on which the master selects maintenance modes.
For example, the selection of a method for regrinding high-speed parts is guided by the wear of the front surface. On the other hand, sharpening cutters on the back surface is more suitable for shaped elements. Therefore, it is important to take into account as many operational factors as possible, which will allow you to make the right choice of processing technology.
Types of cutters
Such elements are widely used in the processing of parts on copying, molding and tenoning, milling and other machines. As a rule, this is woodworking equipment, although there are also parts for working with metal blanks. Cutters differ in size, shape and purpose.
In general, two categories of elements are distinguished - end and mounted. The former are distinguished by the presence of a shank, which is fixed in a special niche of the spindle. Products of the second group have a central hole, which allows them to be mounted on the working spindle and securely fixed. Accordingly, such sharpening of cutters differs more high level quality, not to mention the ease of handling parts for the operator. Attached elements can be composite, solid and prefabricated.
A feature of this group is the possibility of forming a cutting tool from several milling parts. It is also worth noting the category of end mills, which can be prefabricated and solid. The elements are also divided according to the quality of the backed processing. So, sharpening of cutters with relief surfaces is carried out along the front edge in order to maintain the basic angular indicators.
Mill maintenance
Despite the use of high-strength alloys in the manufacture of cutters, long time operation leads to erasure, as well as deformation of the faces. Over time, worn elements are disposed of, but before the expiration of the working life, the master can restore the characteristics of the part using measures Maintenance. It is important to bear in mind that sharpening cutters allows not only to endow them with the same geometry, which ensures high-quality work. This procedure also increases the life of the element, reducing tool consumption. But this does not mean that any cutter can be restored in this way.
Technologists do not recommend bringing the tool to a state of complete wear. Manufacturers of cutters indicate in the markings technical and operational values that are limiting for a particular element, and after overcoming them, the cutting edges cannot be restored.
sharpening process
To perform sharpening, special milling machines, equipped with spindles with an average speed of up to 24,000 rpm. Before starting work on them, the master balances the cutters. It can be done in two ways - dynamic and static. In the first case, the procedure is performed on a special machine, which not only balances the force, but also the moment acting on the cutter during rotation. This technique is especially relevant for cases when the cutter is sharpened for metal.
Machine tools for balancing according to the static method involve only balancing the force acting on the cutter. The element is fixed in the frame, after which it is balanced through a device consisting of two horizontal guide knives. Directly sharpening is carried out on special high-precision equipment.
The machines are available in different configurations, both manual and automatic control. Common to all units of this type is the presence on the guides working surface. This design solution makes it possible to achieve high accuracy in moving the element, as a rule, with an error of 0.005 mm.
equipment requirements
To ensure high-quality sharpening of cutters, you should not only use the equipment suitable for this task, but also properly prepare it. First of all, the equipment spindles must have sufficient vibration resistance, rotate freely and have minimal runout. Further, the feed mechanism must work stably in all directions provided for by the design without delays and with minimal gaps. The elevation angle settings are of great importance - this parameter should also have high accuracy. For example, sharpening a worm cutter, which is performed on automatic machines, involves setting both a certain angle of elevation and a helical groove pitch. If grinding wheels are used, then it is important to ensure a secure fit of interchangeable washers and spindles, due to which the working element is precisely fitted.
End Mill Machining
The processing of end elements is most often done manually on universal grinding equipment. Typically, this technique is used to update the performance of a helical tooth tool. In many ways, sharpening end mills resembles a similar update. cylindrical cutters through the cup circle. This applies to operations that require the end mill to be centered. seat. Also, similar sharpening is performed on semi-automatic models. In this case, they can serve end mills diameter from 14 to 50 mm. In this case, the processing is suitable for both the back and the front surface.
End mill sharpening
Milling cutters made of as well as some elements equipped with carbide plates are sharpened in assembled form. The main back surface of the face mill is sharpened with a grinding cup wheel. Before performing the same operation on the plane of the secondary rear side, the element is first set in such a way that its cutting edge is in a horizontal position. After that, the axis of the cutter rotates horizontally and at the same time tilts to vertical plane. In contrast to the scheme, according to which end mills are sharpened, in this case, the position of the workpiece is changed several times. Work with the front surface of the tooth can be carried out by the end part of the grinding disc wheel or by the disk wheel from the peripheral side.
Working with disc cutters
On the rear main surface, the processing of disk elements is carried out by a cup circle. The auxiliary rear surface is made by analogy with end mills, that is, by turning the cutting edges horizontally. At the same time, the features of processing the end teeth of such a tool are noted. In this case, the grinding of disk cutters is carried out along the front surface so that the processed teeth are directed upwards. The cutter itself at this moment should occupy a vertical position. The angle of inclination of the element axis along the vertical must correspond to the position of the main cutting edge.
Features of sharpening cutters for wood
End shaped parts are sharpened without special devices, as a rule, with the help of a thin diamond bar. This element either lies on the edge of the desktop, or, if the cutter has a deep recess, it is fixed with an additional tool. The cutter is inserted along a fixed bar. During processing, the bar is periodically wetted with water. When the procedure is completed, the master thoroughly washes and dries the product. As the front surfaces are ground down, the edge becomes sharper, but the diameter of the tool will decrease. If the cutter has a guide bearing, it must be removed first and then the operation can be continued. The fact is that sharpening a cutter on a tree along with a ruined bearing can lead to damage to the element. It is also necessary to clean the tool from residues tree resins using a special solvent.
Features of sharpening cutters for metal
Such elements are less common and at the same time require less effort in the preparation process. Processing is done using grinding wheels suitable grit. In this case, the materials can be different, in particular, the use of parts made of ordinary or white electrocorundum is also common. If you plan to sharpen end mills for metal, made from tool steel, then it is recommended to choose electrocorundum discs. For products with higher characteristics, it is desirable to use CBN wheels. The most productive and efficient sharpening parts are made of silicon carbide. They are used to service cutters made of hard alloys. Before work, the abrasive is cooled, as high temperature loads during the operation can adversely affect the structure of the circle.
Processing of relief milling cutters
Relief elements are used in cases where it is required to increase the stability of the cutting part and reduce surface roughness. The teeth of a backed cutter are processed along the front surface in such a way that after regrinding in a radial section, the profile of the functional edge retains its original parameters until the part is fully exploited. Sharpening of such cutters is also carried out in compliance with a strictly established rake angle. In the case of processing sharp-edged elements, it is necessary to maintain a constant pointing angle.
Finishing cutters
In essence, this is an operation designed to correct the result obtained during the main sharpening process. As a rule, fine-tuning is carried out in order to ensure optimal performance roughness or in cases where you need to adjust the angle of sharpening of the cutter with working edges. The techniques of abrasive and diamond finishing are quite common. In the first case, the use of fine-grained silicon carbide wheels is assumed, and in the second case, diamond discs on a bakelite bond are supposed to be used. Both techniques make it possible to handle, among other things, carbide tools.
Sharpening quality control
During the verification process, the master evaluates the geometric parameters of the cutting surfaces for compliance technical requirements. In particular, the runout of the cutter is determined, as well as the degree of roughness of the finished or sharpened planes. Auxiliary devices can be used in the control of parameters directly at the workplace. For example, if an end mill was sharpened to wood material, then the specialist can measure the angles along the working faces. For this, a goniometer is used, in which the scale is presented in the form of an arc. Special ones are also used to evaluate other parameters, again, most of them are focused on checking the geometric data of the cutter.
Conclusion
The need for machining the cutting tool remains even in the age of high technology. The only change in this regard has been with the milling equipment control systems. Appeared automatic devices, allowing to optimize the process of handling blanks. However, milling cutters, bits and other processing metal elements are still performed using abrasives. Of course, there are alternative technologies that allow you to restore the geometry of parts, but so far there is no need to talk about their wide distribution. This applies to laser technologies, hydrodynamic machines, as well as installations that have a thermal effect. On this stage their development, for economic reasons, many enterprises still prefer traditional methods of sharpening.
