Safe expansion of openings in load-bearing walls. Technology for expanding a doorway in a brick wall Expansion of a prema in a brick partition

During repair work in a country house or in an apartment, as well as when redevelopment is done, often the owners are faced with the need to expand the existing doorway. In general, these works do not belong to the category of complex ones, and therefore both the owner and invited specialists can perform them. It is only important to follow certain rules and know some of the nuances.

How the expansion of the doorway is made, we will describe below. The procedure itself does not take much time - a maximum of one or two days. In the presence of necessary tools and knowledge, the only problem that will have to come to terms with is the laboriousness of the process.

Under no circumstances should you forget about the legal side of the issue. In certain situations, such work is regarded as redevelopment, which means that changes will need to be made to the existing technical passport of the dwelling. This will not work if you carry out all the work without informing the relevant utilities.

It should be understood that the expansion of the doorway located in the load-bearing wall requires mandatory coordination with the authorized authorities. The changes in question in this case are referred to as "partial demolition". All work must be carried out competently, with preliminary calculations, ensuring the preservation of the strength characteristics of the structure. If you are not sure about own forces- It is better to entrust the task to professionals.

Remember, arbitrariness is an offense and you may later have to pay a fine and have to restore the wall to its original state.

By and large, all work is carried out in the same way on walls built from the most different materials. The procedure here is as follows:

• mark with a pencil using the level of the border of the new opening;
• we drill with a puncher along the contour of the hole;
• we strengthen the structure;
• cut out or knock out an unnecessary fragment.

In the process, it is allowed to use a variety of tools:

• perforator;
• a sledgehammer with a chisel;
• grinder.

The most accurate way to get an opening is if you use the last device. If the work is done in a wall of foam concrete or gypsum blocks, then the most ordinary hacksaw for wood is enough.

Special professional help to cope with concrete structures a circular saw equipped with large diameter diamond blades. Its use allows:

• avoid excessive noise;
• reduce vibration, which acts destructively on surrounding structures;
• cut with millimeter precision.

Depending on the type of material used in the construction of the wall, the list of works is different. There are also a number of nuances and features.

In particular, to expand the passage to concrete wall The following tools will help:

• perforator, 10 mm drill to it and a blade;
• grinder with a circle for metal;
• sledgehammer or heavy hammer;
• chisel.

The work itself is carried out in the following order:

• new boundaries of the opening are outlined on the wall;
• holes are drilled through the perimeter (step - 50 mm);
• further, with a spatula inserted into the perforator, the integrity of the gaps is destroyed;
• the fittings inside are sawn with a grinder;
• the fragment separated from the wall is brought down with a hammer.

As you can see, the technology itself is quite simple. However, the work takes a lot of effort, in addition, the process is accompanied by strong vibration and a lot of dust.

Works in a brick wall

Any wall consisting of masonry materials delivers a lot of trouble:

• aerated concrete blocks;
• bricks, etc.

First of all, you will need:

• grinder with a diamond wheel;
• hammer;
• chisel.

If we are talking about a supporting structure, you should prepare a mortgage - a steel beam or two wide corners. In other cases, a wooden jumper is enough - a bar of hard rock. These elements will help protect the opening from collapse. Their dimensions should exceed the width of the door by at least 20 centimeters.

The work is done like this:

• a new contour is drawn;
• the plaster is completely knocked down to the brick;
• the old mortgage is cut out with a grinder or a circular saw;
• a new jumper is installed;
• fixed as securely as possible;
• the remaining voids are filled with brick fragments mixed with concrete mortar.

The next stage is carried out no earlier than the cement hardens. When the mortgage is finally fixed, the unnecessary fragment is cut out. If the wall is too thick, then pre-cut bricks are knocked out with a hammer and chisel. Then proceed to the next row.

When making an opening in brick or concrete, it is imperative to use personal protective equipment:

• respirator;
• gloves;
• canned glasses.

It is also recommended to periodically moisten the surface of the wall with water - you can’t do without dust at all, but its amount in the air will noticeably decrease. Keep in mind that the latter easily spreads throughout the house, so it is important to properly isolate the room in which the work is carried out.

About possible risks

When work to expand the opening is carried out independently, the risk of cracking the walls and their subsequent destruction due to the loss of strength characteristics increases significantly. If possible, try to avoid the generation of dangerous vibrations.

When using power tools, the utmost care must be taken. In particular, under no circumstances remove the protection from the grinder. Of course, this will allow you to establish a larger circle, but with the slightest careless movement, it is not difficult to get a serious injury.

At the time of repair work, there is often a need to increase the door or window opening. Diam-Service specialists will carry out work to expand the passage to panel house and any other building.

Remember that doing this work on your own, without involving experienced craftsmen not desirable. Before proceeding with the implementation of the plan, specialists will evaluate the scope of work, determine whether given wall load-bearing structure, calculate what is the price for expanding the opening in the concrete wall.

How we are working

Application
You leave an online application or order a call back

Consultation
Our manager consults and clarifies the details of the service

Cost calculation
Departure of a specialist and a preliminary assessment of the cost of work

Treaty
Place an order and sign a contract

Execution of work
Operational performance of work according to the contract

Acceptance of works
Acceptance of works and payment by the Customer for our services

Features of expanding the doorway

The expansion of the doorway in a panel structure has its own characteristics. Before proceeding with the repair, you need to find out which of the walls is the carrier. In most cases, those panel apartments, protrude outer surfaces equipped with window frames. Changing the width of the passage in the bearing wall must be carried out in compliance with the following rules:

* All changes are recorded by our specialists in a special form called the “Inspection Certificate”.

* In order for the design to be reliable, after removing extra centimeters of the panel wall, the craftsmen strengthen the opening with metal beams.

* Any changes in the design are recorded in a graphical form, dimensions are recorded. After that, the updated data are coordinated in the BTI.

Having done all the work, including registration of updates in the relevant authorities, our managers will calculate the price for the work to expand the opening.

If your house is built from reinforced concrete panels, expand window openings, can be up to the desired dimensions by additional reinforcement. In this case, fixing updates in the BTI is not required.

In the brick wall above the windows and doorways there is always a concrete beam, which is mounted by builders during the construction of the house. To a new door or window block was securely installed in a new opening, it is required to lengthen the upper jumper. Our masters lengthen the upper lintels with the help of rolled channels. This ensures the reliability and durability of structures.

Methods for expanding the opening in the wall

If you decide to order an extension from us garage doors or door, window openings in a structure for any purpose, familiarize yourself with the methods used by Diam Service specialists in their work:

• Diamond method for cutting concrete.
• Percussion-dynamic method, for which a powerful perforator is used.

The first method differs in speed of execution. Our masters in most cases resort to it. The diamond wheel mounted on the cutting mechanism allows you to cut the opening exactly according to predetermined parameters. This reduces the time required to complete the task and the amount of dust that inevitably arises during the repair.

Prices

Every customer is concerned about the issue of price. You can find out how much our work costs on the website of the Diam Service company. You have the opportunity to calculate the cost using a special calculator, here on the site. For all questions regarding the pricing and stages of work carried out by our specialists, please contact the phone number listed on the Diam Service Internet portal.

You can leave a request through the online form, and our specialists will contact you to clarify the details within an hour!

It will definitely need to be increased. IN interior wall made of lightweight material, you can cut an opening of any shape, while an opening in a load-bearing wall requires some attention.

What are the risks. Documentation

Not all factory doors are suitable for installation in an interior opening, which is especially true for those apartments that were built in Soviet times. Only the expansion of the existing opening will save the situation. New door blocks possess standard sizes, which greatly distinguishes them from older products that have been in place for several decades.

Great parameters can be height or width. You can solve the problem due to the functional and decorative arrangement of the interior transition. The hole in the wall can be enlarged or reduced. Expanding an opening in a load-bearing wall is not always safe. If you are planning to restore a partition that is not the functional basis of the building, nothing bad will happen. In this case, we are talking about walls made of cellular concrete, drywall or any other building material. But the work can be troublesome when it comes to the need to transfer a metal profile.

If you want to increase the passage in the load-bearing wall, then such a reconstruction will be a redevelopment. Work in this case should be carried out in accordance with a separate project, which contains an engineering calculation of the redistribution of loads on the floor after the amount of changes made. When expanding the opening in the bearing wall, some documents should be collected that are prescribed by regional requirements. This should include:

• documentation for the ownership of housing;
• a certificate from the local BTI;
• extract from the house book;
• reconstruction plan from an architectural organization;
• floor plan of the building;
• plan of all stages of work.

Ultimately, the decision to increase the passage can be a real red tape. This list of documents is necessary not for show, but for the safety of people who live in and around the apartment. If the load-bearing partition is unauthorized damaged, this can lead to the collapse of the wall and the collapse of part of the house. It is worth avoiding irreparable consequences by strengthening the opening.

Expansion parameter calculations

If you have a door structure that can fit a hole in the wall, you can calculate the exact parameters. You should not cut an opening by eye, it is necessary to carry out an accurate marking. You must measure the width and height of the existing door, the width and thickness door frame that comes with the kit.

In the next step, you will need to find out what is the width of the platbands that you plan to install. It is important to choose the right threshold and measure its height. It may not exist. Before proceeding with the expansion of the opening in the bearing wall, it is necessary to determine the width of the passage, which will consist of the thickness of the box rack, the width door leaf And technological gaps 2 cm on each side. You can determine the height of the doorway by adding the height of the threshold to the thickness of the box. The technological gap should be added to the obtained value.

Typically, the wall thickness is 75 mm. If other indicators are available, add extensions when the walls are wider. An alternative solution would be to purchase a box with a narrow beam. Before proceeding with the expansion of the opening in the bearing wall, measurements and markings should be carried out, carrying out work with high accuracy. If the gaps are taken with a margin, they may not cover wide trim when decorative trim.

Calculation of the arch according to state standards

If you want to remove the arched vault when moving into an adjacent room, it will not be possible to avoid widening the passage. Before you make an arched opening, you should carry out its calculation. The opening can be of any type of configuration. The shape of the arched vault can be any, while the curved bend can be attributed to a creative look.

When arranging an opening in a load-bearing wall, make an arch classical form with the correct bend of 45 cm it will be more difficult, so you need to stock up on certain equipment for making calculations on a scale of 1 to 50. Among the available tools and materials, paper and compasses should be highlighted.

When calculating, you will need to use the Pythagorean theorem from the school curriculum: R² = L² + (R²-H²). The well-known formula of Pythagoras made it possible to derive, and for the masters of the construction area, to use the formula for calculating the radius of the circle of the arch in the opening. You will have to use the calculation based on the following formula: R = L² + H²/2H.

To determine the radius of the arch, you can use simpler, but not entirely accurate calculations. To do this, a doorway of extended dimensions is depicted on paper. Previously, a piece of wallpaper was used for this. After that, a compass should be installed on the axis of symmetry and, by changing the radius, draw several arcs. So you can pick best option, the remaining radii are then erased.

Where to begin

Before making an opening in the bearing wall, dismantle the old door structure and reinforce the opening. If work is carried out in an old panel house, then reinforcement can be done after the concrete has been cut. As for brick openings, they require special attention. When manipulating a brick wall, certain tools and materials should be prepared, such as:

• tie bolts;
• tie channel;
• hairpins;
• metal corners;
• steel plates;
• cement mortar;
• petrol cutter;
• electric drill;
• grinder.

The tie bolts must have a diameter of 20 mm. The diameter of the studs is 16 mm. Steel plates should be made from sheet steel. Instead of a grinder, you can use an electric cutter or a power cutter. Diamond wheels should be prepared for the angle grinder. You can cut concrete using the most different instrument, but diamond cutting is the most suitable option.

You will need jacks or props for the period of work. When you need to cut a brick wall, you should also prepare a perforator. The class of material used for reinforcing and the section of the beam should be determined when preliminary calculations loads.

The resulting figures should be included in the design documentation for the redevelopment of the premises. The profile of the steel channel should be about 25 cm thick in the brick wall. Taking this into account, its length is selected. To install the tie bolts, holes are made in the channel, there must be at least 3 of them. This will be enough for an opening of medium length. Ties along the channel are located at a distance of 50 cm.

Carrying out dismantling works

Before installing a doorway in a load-bearing wall, first you need to create markings on a plane. The process will be somewhat easier if you use diamond cutting. Great option there will be circles that reach a depth of cuts up to 10 cm. During operation, the walls are wetted with water, which will reduce dust formation. It is important to remember about security measures, namely:

• protective suit;
• respirator;
• gloves
• special glasses.

The device of the doorway in the bearing wall provides for two-sided operation. It will be necessary to cut out from different sides due to the massiveness of the partition. Before dismantling, the opening is strengthened. The best option to increase the reliability of the partition of the bearing value will be the use of welded frames, which are pulled together with studs through the walls.

When expanding the doorway in the bearing wall of concrete, you should work small areas in the form of squares or rectangles. In brick partitions, a through cut is usually made, while the blocks themselves must be knocked down with a puncher, after which you can use a sledgehammer if necessary. If we are talking about concrete, you should not use a hammer drill for it. Vibration can be destructive to the panel, leading to microcracks and weakening the entire structure. Brick walls require a different approach.

Additional opening requirements and standards

Before you start increasing the opening in the load-bearing wall, you must figure out in which building the work is being carried out. If the building is block or panel, but was not designed by MNIITEP or Mosproektul, then the doorway can be made. But there will be certain requirements for it.

For example, the opening must be removed from outer wall or from an existing opening in a load-bearing wall at a distance of 1 m. When making an opening in a load-bearing wall, craftsmen quite often ask themselves what the width of the box should be. Usually this value is 900 mm. Rarely, and in some series, the opening width ranges from 1000 to 1200 mm. However, this value must not be exceeded.

If you started expanding the doorway in the load-bearing wall, and the building was designed by MNIITEP, then such work may be prohibited if the apartment is located on the first or second floor. This is due to the fact that in these cases the remaining sections of the wall will not comply with the load strength calculations from the higher floors. MNIITEP can allow and execute the expansion of a doorway in a load-bearing wall in only one partition. From this it should be concluded that the possibilities of the opening device and its location, as well as the dimensions, will be determined by the organization that is the author of the project.

The property owner will have to obtain a technical opinion on the safety and admissibility of redevelopment. Based on the conclusion and project documentation the relevant approval authority will issue a permit for the repair. When expanding the opening in a brick load-bearing wall, SNiP 3.03.01-87 should be used, which specifies the requirements for enclosing and supporting structures.

Expansion methods and features of work

To expand the opening, you can use one of several methods. The method can be rough, in this case the following are used:

• sledgehammer;
• perforator;
• jackhammer.

At the first stage, it is necessary to outline the contours on the wall, and then use the tools to knock off excess material. Such a process is quite laborious, and microcracks formed due to shock loading can cause a decrease in the strength of the wall. Enlargement of the opening in the load-bearing wall can be carried out using the dry cutting method. Here you need a grinder, with which it is quite simple to enlarge the opening along the intended contour. The disadvantage of this process is that the wall should be cut on both sides.

Dry cutting entails education a large number dust, in addition, you will encounter rapid wear of the diamond blade. Cutting may also be wet. This method is accompanied by the use of a spray gun, with which you can irrigate the surface while working with an angle grinder. It would be more rational to use a construction cutter with diamond disc. He must have large diameter. Additional water tank should be used.

What to consider before starting work

Before enlarging a doorway in a load-bearing wall, you must make sure that there are no concealed wiring, pipes or fittings. Perhaps there is a chimney inside. In order to obtain detailed information, you should use a metal detector. When any obstacles are found, they can be removed by moving the electrical wiring to another location or stepping back from the chimney 300 mm. If there are pipes inside, they are dismantled and transferred, but this will require the help of a specialist.

The main stages of increasing the opening

The redevelopment of the opening in the bearing wall at the first stage involves the removal of extensions and platbands with the help of a nail puller. It is necessary to remove the canvas from the hinges by lifting it from below with a crowbar. Vertical racks must be cut with a grinder and torn off with a nail puller. If the height of the opening in the bearing wall is increased, the upper lintel must be torn off. Otherwise, it is left in place.

The contour of the increase should be marked around the perimeter. Holes are made along the marking line with an impact drill to simplify dismantling. On each side, you need to cut the panel. After cutting the reinforcement with a sledgehammer, it is necessary to remove the remnants of the wall. The opening should be reinforced with metal corners, pieces of rod or planks.

Finally

Now you know the parameters of the maximum opening in the bearing wall. But this is not enough for successful work. For example, if you want to work with brick wall, it is necessary to exclude its collapse. A floor beam should be installed above the doorway. It can be used as reinforced concrete beam or metal channel. On top of the opening, you need to cut through niches by going to the walls. A beam is laid there. All voids above and below it are filled with concrete mortar.

As soon as the concrete hardens, you can expand the opening. To do this, use a cutter to cut through brickwork along the contour. The opening to be cut must be smaller than the beam installed on top. The cutter should be directed perpendicular to the wall. If you want to move the opening in the load-bearing wall, then you will need to cut it on both sides, because the partition has a thickness of more than 10 cm.

Repair of an apartment is often accompanied by a change in size or transfer of door and window openings. Expansion of the existing opening is also required when replacing old door to a modern one, often not matching in size with a previously installed door.

We immediately note that the extension doorways is a redevelopment, and must be agreed with the relevant departments of the housing inspection. Such work, performed without special calculations for the redistribution of the load in the supporting structures, leads not only to penalties, but also to the likely collapse of the wall and bringing the house into disrepair.

IN block houses modern construction to expand the openings is prohibited. The blocks carry the load along the entire perimeter, so their redevelopment will lead to a violation of the calculated load parameters and distortion of the structure geometry.

The opening must exactly match the dimensions new door, so you need to correctly determine its size. You need to make the following measurements:

• Height and width of the new door.
• Thickness and width of the door frame.
• Casing sizes.
• Threshold height.

The width of the opening is the sum of the width door leaf, the thickness of the racks of the box, the size of the technological gaps. If the width of the box is less than the thickness of the wall in which the passage is arranged, then additional elements will have to be mounted.

The height of the opening is calculated by adding the height of the sill, the height of the door, the thickness of the box and the size of the gap. The marking of the opening on the wall is carried out with great accuracy, so that when decorating the door, the platbands completely cover the technological gaps.

Horizontal reinforcement of openings

Expansion of openings in load-bearing walls, as well as in brick partitions, are performed with mandatory reinforcement metal profile. Openings in concrete walls can be strengthened after the dismantling of the wall is completed, brick partitions are strengthened before disassembling the bricks in order to prevent the collapse of the upper rows.

Channel beams are used as amplifiers. Angle profile it is permissible to use in brick partitions that are not load-bearing and to strengthen the vertical parts of openings. Consider strengthening the opening in a brick wall as the most common operation.

First, in accordance with the redevelopment project, the future contour of the opening is marked on the wall. The top line of the opening should coincide with the masonry seam. Holes are drilled through the wall at the corners of the contour, and the same markings are made along them on the other side of the wall.

Next, proceed to the device channel jumper. To do this, grooves (strobes) are cut in the wall, corresponding in size to the metal profile. The gates should protrude beyond the edges of the opening by 0.5 m in both directions, since according to the rules, the width of the crossbar must exceed the width of the opening by at least 1 m.

Holes for the tie bolts are pre-drilled in the metal profile. The channel is inserted into the prepared grooves and fixed cement mortar. After the mortar has hardened, the wall is drilled through the holes in the beam, the wall is ditched on the other side, and the channel beam is also mounted. Both profiles are connected with steel studs.

After the installation of the horizontal crossbar, 2-3 rows of bricks are dismantled under it and steel plates are welded to the beams for final reinforcement. The installation of the jumper is completed, you can begin to disassemble the masonry.

Vertical reinforcement of openings

When expanding doorways in load-bearing walls, additional reinforcement is made with vertical metal posts, especially if the width of the opening is more than 1.5 m.

For device uprights pairs of channel profiles are used, which are connected with threaded fasteners and steel plates. The vertical reinforcement is welded to the horizontal web to create a rigid structure.

Channels for vertical strengthening of the opening are mounted in the same way as a horizontal metal crossbar.

Reinforcing the opening with a corner profile

The expansion of doorways in interior brick partitions that are not load-bearing can be reinforced with a corner metal profile. For the corners, deep wall chasing is not required, it is enough to make grooves into which the shelves will fully fit.

The opening is strengthened on both sides of the wall, connecting the crossbars and racks with studs in increments of no more than 30 cm (at least 3 studs are used in any case). As with the reinforcement with a channel profile, the vertical corners are welded to the horizontal lintel.

Dismantling walls when expanding the opening

It is permissible to dismantle a concrete wall before strengthening. Concrete is removed by marking in small square or rectangular pieces. Preliminarily, holes are drilled along the marked lines in increments of 3-4 cm, then they are connected to each other, cutting the wall with a grinder with a concrete disc.

The center of the concrete squares is struck with a hammer, knocked out of the wall and carefully removed. If the wall is reinforced, then the released reinforcement is cut off with a grinder saw. During dismantling, props or jacks are used.

Expansion of existing openings in concrete walls should not be carried out with a jackhammer or a powerful hammer drill, as the strong vibrations of the tool cause resonance in the thickness of the wall and break the bonds between concrete and reinforcement, which leads to cracking and weakening of the structure. After dismantling the section of the concrete wall, the opening is reinforced with a metal profile.

The brick wall near the opening is disassembled after the reinforcing structure is installed. Bricks are removed carefully so as not to cause collapse. The dismantling of the wall begins from above, from the reinforcing lintel.

First, the masonry mortar is removed from the joints with a perforator or drill with a flat nozzle, then the bricks are removed or broken into small pieces with a chisel and hammer. The contour of the opening is cut off with a grinder. If the dismantling area is large, then you can clean the opening along the contour, and inner part break masonry with a sledgehammer.

When openings are widened, a lot of dust is generated, so all work is carried out in a closed work suit, a respirator and goggles.

Window opening expansion

Changing the size of window openings is carried out using tools of shock-dynamic impact (perforators, drills, etc.) or by diamond cutting.

Window openings, as well as doorways, need to be reinforced if they are located in load-bearing walls. First, the old window box is dismantled and the outline of the new opening is marked on the wall. Then beat off the extra pieces of the wall with a sledgehammer or puncher.

In the case of using a perforator, cracks may appear in the concrete wall, reducing its strength. Therefore, the expansion of openings in panel houses is best done by diamond cutting. In addition, after diamond cutting, the contours of the opening remain smooth and do not require additional processing.

The side parts of the new opening are sealed with cement mortar or other plaster material. After completion of work, you can install a new window.

Offers from MosKomplekt

The expansion of openings, like any redevelopment, requires special care in execution and professional training. Our company has been building and repairing private houses and public buildings for more than 7 years. Contact us and we will carry out work on the reconstruction of door and window openings in your apartment with high quality.

Our prices

The table shows approximate prices for the widening of openings in concrete and brick walls using manual diamond cutting. The final cost of the work is determined after assessing the complexity and conditions of the work.

According to the Housing Code of the Russian Federation "Chapter 4. RECONSTRUCTION AND RE-PLANNING OF THE PREMISES IN AN APARTMENT BUILDING", as well as Decree of the Government of Moscow No. 508 PP (download the decree in .pdf), any changes in a brick or concrete load-bearing wall are redevelopment and are almost always subject to strengthening, with necessary approvals, permits and amendments to the BTI plan.

However, it is often necessary to run an extension to install front door by a few centimeters. How to be in this case? Based on our experience, apartment owners order these works without approval.

At the same time, an important note should be made if you decide to carry out work without a project and coordination - do not do it yourself, then you can avoid unforeseen and unpleasant situations. This is important when you need to expand the doorway in a panel house, for example, in the concrete wall of an apartment of the p-44 series or aerated concrete wall, since these house structures are prefabricated (constructor). This is especially dangerous for a doorway in a brick wall.

EXPANSION OF THE WINDOW IN A BRICK WALL

Window magnification good way add light to your living space. In practice, the expansion of a window opening in a brick wall differs significantly from openings in a panel or monolithic house.

During construction, a beam or lintel made of concrete or metal (corner, channel) is laid above each opening on top of the window. The purpose of this beam is to hold the brickwork and redistribute the load. If this is not taken into account, with an increase in the opening, cracking is possible, and in some cases, the collapse of the brickwork.

Initially, it is necessary to investigate the design of the window, obtain data on the type of beam and its dimensions. The extension is made by installing a new, longer beam / lintel and dismantling the old one.