What kind of experiment can you do? Chemical and physical experiments for children at home. Ice soap bubbles

Today there are a huge number of educational games for children. But carrying out various experiments in homely atmosphere, will leave a lasting impression on the younger generation. With a minimal set of objects, it is possible to perform many experiments, which in the child’s mind will be perceived as a focus.

Experiments for children “Invisible ink”

To create this magical experience for children, you will need the following components:

• Lemon juice – 1 teaspoon;
• Drinking water – 0.5 tablespoon;
• Cup;
• Double-sided cotton swab;
• Blank sheet of paper.

The steps to send a secret message should be carried out in the following order:

1. Squeezed lemon juice and water are poured into a glass. Everything is thoroughly mixed.
2. One side of the cotton swab should be used as a writing instrument. It is dipped in a lemon solution of water and the required text is applied to it. Blank sheet paper.
3. After the secret information has completely dried, the piece of paper with the message must be heated. For the experiment you will need a table lamp turned on.
4. Under influence lighting fixture, the encrypted letters will begin to appear, such an experience at home for your child will be an amazing knowledge of chemical laws.

Experiments for children “Inflating a balloon with lemon”

The necessary items for conducting such an experiment will be:

• Glass empty bottle;
• Balloon;
• Scotch;
• Clean glass;
• Baking soda – 1 dessert spoon;
• 1 glass of clean water;
• Food vinegar – 3 large spoons;
• Juice of 1 lemon;
• Funnel.

Such a test is carried out in several stages:

1. Prepared soda is added to a bottle of water.
2. Vinegar and lemon juice are mixed in a glass. Then, using a funnel, the sour mixture is poured into a bottle with soda and water.
3. Quickly place the ball on the neck of the bottle. And immediately wrap tape around its edges. This is necessary to ensure that air does not escape outside.
4. The ingredients placed in the bottle create the necessary chemical reaction. Their end result is the release of carbon dioxide, which, with its properties, creates pressure inside this structure.
5. It is this force that inflates the balloon.

Experiments for children “Space rocket launch”

For this experiment and to create a natural release of a lethal vehicle, the following items will be required:

• Colored paper;
• Bottle with pressed cork;
• PVA glue;
• Scissors;
• Drinking water – 0.5 cups;
• Funnel;
• Juice squeezed from one lemon;
• Baking soda – 0.5 teaspoon;
• Toilet paper, small size;
• Threads.

The rocket model is launched in a strict sequence of actions:

1. The plug will serve as the body of the spacecraft. It should not close the neck of the bottle too tightly. Glass containers is a kind of platform to start.
2. Using scissors and colorful paper it is necessary to form wings for the rocket. Secure with glue. The result should be a mock-up of a flying machine that easily fits into the neck of the bottle.
3. Using a funnel, pour water and lemon juice into a glass container. Then the resulting mixture is mixed and waits for its finest hour.
4. In a piece toilet paper Add baking soda and wrap it with thread. The ball should be of such a size that it can fall into the prepared bottle without much effort.
5. The location for launching the spacecraft must be thought out in advance. Since its rapid flight can destroy the chandelier on the ceiling.
6. Next, place the lump of soda powder into the bottle with the solution. And put a model of a rocket on the neck. But at the same time, the entry of the aircraft into the launch turbine should not be too tight.
7. After a few seconds of anticipation, you can almost see a real space launch, a great experience for children.

Experiments for children “Commanding toothpicks”

When conducting this experiment, a child may well feel like a wizard. In order for this miracle to happen, you need to arm yourself with such items as:

• Toothpicks;
• Shallow cup of water;
• Rafinated sugar;
• Dishwashing liquid.

Using a minimal set and a few steps, you can conduct an experiment:

1. Place toothpicks on the water in the shape of sun rays.
2. Then slowly lower a piece of refined sugar into the water into the resulting center.
3. This action can pull the toothpicks towards the center of the bowl and the sugar cube.
4. And if the sugar is removed from the container and a small drop of detergent is applied to this place, the rays will begin to move away to the edges of the cup.
5. The trick of these actions is that sugar, with its properties, sucks in air, thereby attracting nearby objects. On the contrary, soap solution is repulsive.

Experience for children “Floating Egg”

In order to make an egg float, you will need the following components:

• Raw chicken egg;
• Container with clean drinking water;
• Salt – 1 pack.

First, let's try dipping an egg into raw water. It just sank. Now take it back out and add salt to the water. That is, we create a strong saline solution. The next step is to try to make the egg float in salt water. And it really is on the water surface and does not sink. This happens due to the fact that salt creates an increased density of water, which is how this experiment for children turns out.

Experiments for children “Ice fishing”

The catch in this experiment for children will be a small ice cube. It will be caught from a glass of water, but your hands will remain dry. Scroll necessary materials described below:

• A glass of clean water;
• Frozen ice cube;
• A few granules of salt;
• A thread no more than one meter long.

When conducting this experiment, you must carefully monitor everything that happens so as not to miss important details. The order of performing the necessary operations is as follows:

1. A small piece of ice is dropped into a prepared glass of water.
2. The thread is placed with one end on the edge of the glass and the other on the ice cube.
3. Salt granules are sprinkled onto the ice where the thread is located. And the time is ticking. The waiting time is 5-10 minutes.
4. After the time has elapsed, by gently moving the edge of the thread, you can take out an ice cube. It will be attached to the thread.
5. This happens due to the salt, which melts the ice. And then clean water only freezes the thread to the ice piece.

Experiments for children “Cold water boils”

In order to see boiling bubbles in cold water, experiment participants will need the following components:

• Glass filled to the top cold water;
• Pharmaceutical gum;
• Handkerchief.

All experimental techniques must be performed in a sink and in the appropriate order:

1. The handkerchief is generously moistened with water and wrung out.
2. Place a handkerchief on a glass of water and secure it with an elastic band. Moreover, the core of the scarf should touch the water surface.
3. Turn the prepared glass upside down and hold it in one hand. With the other hand, apply gentle blows to the bottom of the glass. From these actions, the water begins to “boil”, that is, to boil.
4. This occurs because the fabric of the scarf does not allow water to pass through from the glass. And upon impact, vacuum air is formed, which enters the water, your child will be delighted.

Experience “Creating a musical instrument”

While creating musical flute For children at home, using scrap materials, you will need the following items:

• Plastic straw;
• Scissors.

The future tool needs to be slightly flattened on one side and its side edges cut off. At equal distances from each other, three holes are cut on the surface of the straw. You just need to lightly blow air into it and close the holes one by one. The flute is ready to perform musical works, an excellent experience for developing hearing, imagination and logical modeling.

Experiment "Bird in a Cage"

To complete this experiment, you need to prepare the following materials:

• Scissors;
• White cardboard;
• Needle and thread;
• Compass;
• Colour pencils.

Following all stages of this experience will lead to an unforgettable experience of creating a cartoon. To construct it you need:

1. Using a compass, draw a regular circle on the cardboard and cut it out.
2. Poke a pair of holes with a needle on the sides of the circle and pull the threads through them. The length of the threads on both sides should be about half a meter.
3. On the outside of the cardboard you need to draw an empty cell. And on the other there is a small bird that could fit in this cage.
4. Then, taking the threads from both sides, you need to twist them with rotating movements.
5. When the twisted ends are stretched, they will unwind. And at this moment the child will be able to see the bird that is in the cage.

Experiments for children “Turning a square into a circle”

The focus of this test is the visual effect. To carry it out, the following materials are needed:

• Cardboard;
• Ruler;
• Felt pen;
• Pencil.

When performing the transformation trick, you need to cut a square out of cardboard correct form. Then, using a ruler, find the middle of one side. Attach one end of the measuring device to it, and bring its other end to the corner of the nearest side. Along the resulting line, using a felt-tip pen, you need to apply about 30 dots.

Find the middle of a cardboard square and pierce it with the sharp tip of a pencil. The cardstock should rotate on the pencil without much effort. When you rotate the square, you can see the resulting circle. Although these are just dots on the cardboard, they simply move in a circle and create a circle effect.

Experience "Mighty Power of Breathing"

Any child considers himself strong and brave. And in order for his confidence in this to be strengthened, it is necessary to conduct a similar experiment. To complete it you will need:

• Hangers for clothes;
• Thick thread;
• Book;
• Clothesline.

The implementation of all stages of the experience will lead to excellent mastery results. The implementation of these activities consists of:

1. At a pre-selected place, you need to pull the clothesline.
2. Using threads, a book is tied to a hanger. It should not be in close contact with the hanger, that is, there must be free space between them.
3. The coat hanger hook needs to be hung on the clothesline. The design for the experiment is ready.
4. While at a short distance from the device, you need to blow on it with all your available strength. The result of these actions will be only a slight rocking of the book mechanism.
5. And if you change your breathing tactics from the same distance, the result will not be long in coming. With a slight increase in air exhalation, the design will begin to deviate. And then you can also slowly blow on the device. That is, the effect of power consists in the lightness and consistency of the blow.

Experiments for children “Record weight”

The materials needed to conduct the experiment for children are used:

• Small tin jars - 2 pieces;
• Paper;
• Glass jar, about 1 liter capacity.

The experiment consists of the following stages:

1. Cans made of tin material are placed opposite each other, at an approximate distance of about 30 centimeters.
2. A prepared sheet of paper is placed on top of them. It creates the appearance of a bridge.
3. You must place the jar on this laid paper bridge with careful movements. The result of such actions will be the fall of the glass container.
4. If you fold a sheet of paper into a typical accordion shape and place it between two tins, you will also get a bridge. But only with enhanced action. Because if you place a can on this structure, it will not fall, since the bridge does not even bend.

Whichever of these experiments is carried out among children, they will definitely remember its effect for many years to come.

Video “Experiments for children at home”

Introduction

Without a doubt, all our knowledge begins with experiments.
(Kant Emmanuel. German philosopher 1724-1804)

Physics experiments introduce students to the diverse applications of the laws of physics in a fun way. Experiments can be used in lessons to attract students’ attention to the phenomenon being studied, when repeating and consolidating educational material, and at physical evenings. Entertaining experiences deepen and expand students' knowledge, promote the development of logical thinking, and instill interest in the subject.

This work describes 10 entertaining experiments, 5 demonstration experiments using school equipment. The authors of the works are students of the 10th grade of Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 1 in the village of Zabaikalsk, Transbaikal Territory - Chuguevsky Artyom, Lavrentyev Arkady, Chipizubov Dmitry. The guys independently carried out these experiments, summarized the results and presented them in the form of this work.

The role of experiment in the science of physics

The fact that physics is a young science
It’s impossible to say for sure here.
And in ancient times, learning science,
We always strived to comprehend it.

The purpose of teaching physics is specific,
Be able to apply all knowledge in practice.
And it’s important to remember – the role of experiment
Must stand first.

Be able to plan an experiment and carry it out.
Analyze and bring to life.
Build a model, put forward a hypothesis,
Striving to reach new heights

The laws of physics are based on facts established experimentally. Moreover, the interpretation of the same facts often changes in the course of the historical development of physics. Facts accumulate through observation. But you can’t limit yourself to them only. This is only the first step towards knowledge. Next comes the experiment, the development of concepts that allow for qualitative characteristics. In order to draw general conclusions from observations and find out the causes of phenomena, it is necessary to establish quantitative relationships between quantities. If such a dependence is obtained, then a physical law has been found. If a physical law is found, then there is no need to experiment in each individual case; it is enough to perform the appropriate calculations. By experimentally studying quantitative relationships between quantities, patterns can be identified. Based on these laws, a general theory of phenomena is developed.

Therefore, without experiment there can be no rational teaching of physics. The study of physics involves the widespread use of experiments, discussion of the features of its setting and the observed results.

Entertaining experiments in physics

The description of the experiments was carried out using the following algorithm:

1. Experience name
2. Equipment and materials required for the experiment
3. Stages of the experiment
4. Explanation of experience

Experiment No. 1 Four floors

Equipment and materials: glass, paper, scissors, water, salt, red wine, sunflower oil, colored alcohol.

Stages of the experiment

Let's try to pour four different liquids into a glass so that they do not mix and stand five levels above each other. However, it will be more convenient for us to take not a glass, but a narrow glass that widens towards the top.

1. Pour salted tinted water into the bottom of the glass.
2. Roll up a “Funtik” from paper and bend its end at a right angle; cut off the tip. The hole in the Funtik should be the size of a pin head. Pour red wine into this cone; a thin stream should flow out of it horizontally, break against the walls of the glass and flow down it onto the salt water.
   When the height of the layer of red wine is equal to the height of the layer of colored water, stop pouring the wine.
3. From the second cone, pour sunflower oil into a glass in the same way.
4. From the third horn, pour a layer of colored alcohol.

Picture 1

So we have four floors of liquids in one glass. All different colors and different densities.

Explanation of experience

The liquids in the grocery store were arranged in the following order: colored water, red wine, sunflower oil, colored alcohol. The heaviest ones are at the bottom, the lightest ones are at the top. Salt water has the highest density, tinted alcohol has the lowest density.

Experience No. 2 Amazing candlestick

Equipment and materials: candle, nail, glass, matches, water.

Stages of the experiment

Isn't it an amazing candlestick - a glass of water? And this candlestick is not bad at all.

Figure 2

1. Weight the end of the candle with a nail.
2. Calculate the size of the nail so that the entire candle is immersed in water, only the wick and the very tip of the paraffin should protrude above the water.
3. Light the wick.

Explanation of experience

Let them, they will tell you, because in a minute the candle will burn down to the water and go out!

That’s the point,” you will answer, “that the candle is getting shorter every minute.” And if it’s shorter, it means it’s easier. If it’s easier, it means it will float up.

And, true, the candle will float up little by little, and the water-cooled paraffin at the edge of the candle will melt more slowly than the paraffin surrounding the wick. Therefore, a rather deep funnel is formed around the wick. This emptiness, in turn, makes the candle lighter, which is why our candle will burn out to the end.

Experiment No. 3 Candle by bottle

Equipment and materials: candle, bottle, matches

Stages of the experiment

1. Place a lit candle behind the bottle, and stand so that your face is 20-30 cm away from the bottle.
2. Now you just need to blow and the candle will go out, as if there were no barrier between you and the candle.

Figure 3

Explanation of experience

The candle goes out because the bottle is “flown around” with air: the stream of air is broken by the bottle into two streams; one flows around it on the right, and the other on the left; and they meet approximately where the candle flame stands.

Experiment No. 4 Spinning snake

Equipment and materials: thick paper, candle, scissors.

Stages of the experiment

1. From thick paper cut out the spiral, stretch it a little and place it on the end of the curved wire.
2. Hold this spiral above the candle in the rising air flow, the snake will rotate.

Explanation of experience

The snake rotates because air expands under the influence of heat and warm energy is converted into movement.

Figure 4

Experiment No. 5 Eruption of Vesuvius

Devices and materials: glass vessel, bottle, stopper, alcohol ink, water.

Stages of the experiment

1. Place a bottle of alcohol ink in a wide glass vessel filled with water.
2. There should be a small hole in the bottle cap.

Figure 5

Explanation of experience

Water has a higher density than alcohol; it will gradually enter the bottle, displacing the mascara from there. Red, blue or black liquid will rise upward from the bubble in a thin stream.

Experiment No. 6 Fifteen matches on one

Equipment and materials: 15 matches.

Stages of the experiment

1. Place one match on the table, and 14 matches across it so that their heads stick up and their ends touch the table.
2. How to lift the first match, holding it by one end, and all the other matches along with it?

Explanation of experience

To do this, you just need to put another fifteenth match on top of all the matches, in the hollow between them.

Figure 6

Experiment No. 7 Pot stand

Equipment and materials: plate, 3 forks, napkin ring, saucepan.

Stages of the experiment

1. Place three forks in a ring.
2. To put on this design plate.
3. Place a pan of water on the stand.

Figure 7

Figure 8

Explanation of experience

This experience is explained by the rule of leverage and stable equilibrium.

Figure 9

Experience No. 8 Paraffin motor

Equipment and materials: candle, knitting needle, 2 glasses, 2 plates, matches.

Stages of the experiment

To make this motor, we don't need either electricity or gasoline. For this we only need... a candle.

1. Heat the knitting needle and stick it with their heads into the candle. This will be the axis of our engine.
2. Place a candle with a knitting needle on the edges of two glasses and balance.
3. Light the candle at both ends.

Explanation of experience

A drop of paraffin will fall into one of the plates placed under the ends of the candle. The balance will be disrupted, the other end of the candle will tighten and fall; at the same time, a few drops of paraffin will drain from it, and it will become lighter than the first end; it rises to the top, the first end will go down, drop a drop, it will become lighter, and our motor will start working with all its might; gradually the candle's vibrations will increase more and more.

Figure 10

Experience No. 9 Free exchange of fluids

Equipment and materials: orange, glass, red wine or milk, water, 2 toothpicks.

Stages of the experiment

1. Carefully cut the orange in half, peel so that the whole skin comes off.
2. Poke two holes side by side in the bottom of this cup and place it in a glass. The cup diameter should be slightly larger diameter the central part of the glass, then the cup will stay on the walls without falling to the bottom.
3. Lower the orange cup into the vessel to one third of the height.
4. Pour red wine or colored alcohol into the orange peel. It will pass through the hole until the wine level reaches the bottom of the cup.
5. Then pour water almost to the edge. You can see how the stream of wine rises through one of the holes to the water level, while the heavier water passes through the other hole and begins to sink to the bottom of the glass. In a few moments the wine will be at the top and the water at the bottom.

Experiment No. 10 Singing glass

Equipment and materials: thin glass, water.

Stages of the experiment

1. Fill a glass with water and wipe the edges of the glass.
2. Rub a moistened finger anywhere on the glass and she will start singing.

Figure 11

Demonstration experiments

1. Diffusion of liquids and gases

Diffusion (from Latin diflusio - spreading, spreading, scattering), the transfer of particles of different nature, caused by the chaotic thermal movement of molecules (atoms). Distinguish between diffusion in liquids, gases and solids

Demonstration experiment “Observation of diffusion”

Equipment and materials: cotton wool, ammonia, phenolphthalein, installation for diffusion observation.

Stages of the experiment

1. Let's take two pieces of cotton wool.
2. We moisten one piece of cotton wool with phenolphthalein, the other with ammonia.
3. Let's bring the branches into contact.
4. The fleeces are observed to turn pink due to the phenomenon of diffusion.

Figure 12

Figure 13

Figure 14

The phenomenon of diffusion can be observed using a special installation

1. Pour ammonia into one of the flasks.
2. Moisten a piece of cotton wool with phenolphthalein and place it on top of the flask.
3. After some time, we observe the coloring of the fleece. This experiment demonstrates the phenomenon of diffusion at a distance.

Figure 15

Let us prove that the phenomenon of diffusion depends on temperature. The higher the temperature, the faster diffusion occurs.

Figure 16

To demonstrate this experiment, let’s take two identical glasses. Pour cold water into one glass, hot water into the other. Add to glasses copper sulfate, we observe that copper sulfate dissolves faster in hot water, which proves the dependence of diffusion on temperature.

Figure 17

Figure 18

2. Communicating vessels

To demonstrate communicating vessels, let us take a number of vessels of various shapes, connected at the bottom by tubes.

Figure 19

Figure 20

Let us pour liquid into one of them: we will immediately find that the liquid will flow through the tubes into the remaining vessels and settle in all vessels at the same level.

The explanation for this experience is as follows. The pressure on the free surfaces of the liquid in the vessels is the same; it is equal to atmospheric pressure. Thus, all free surfaces belong to the same surface of the level and, therefore, must be in the same horizontal plane and the upper edge of the vessel itself: otherwise the kettle cannot be filled to the top.

Figure 21

3.Pascal's ball

Pascal's ball is a device designed to demonstrate the uniform transfer of pressure exerted on a liquid or gas in a closed vessel, as well as the rise of the liquid behind the piston under the influence of atmospheric pressure.

To demonstrate the uniform transfer of pressure exerted on a liquid in a closed vessel, it is necessary to use a piston to draw water into the vessel and place the ball tightly on the nozzle. By pushing the piston into the vessel, demonstrate the flow of liquid from the holes in the ball, paying attention to the uniform flow of liquid in all directions.

Conducting chemical experiments at home is very exciting. You can feel like a little experimenter, a little pioneer, a little magician.

Here the pink and transparent solutions are mixed, the result is green. A cloud flew into a bottle on the windowsill. When heated, a mysterious message appears on a blank sheet of paper, and snakes crawl out of the burning sand. You say this is impossible and it couldn’t have happened without magic? But all these phenomena are based on chemical laws. And to implement them you will need “reagents” that everyone has at home, or they can be purchased at a regular pharmacy.

Buy chemical experiments for children

Now in the department for schoolchildren you can see sets for young chemist. This set contains materials for conducting 3-5 experiments. It's interesting, it's exciting and spectacular. In addition, a child who personally performs an experiment and examines the result will find it easier to understand what the teacher is talking about in a chemistry lesson. The only negative is that such sets are not cheap. But many experiments can be carried out by looking for reagents at home.

Chemical experiments for children at home: “Cloud in a bottle”

Pour 1 tbsp into a transparent plastic bottle. l. alcohol (can be replaced with water, but the reaction will be less active). Twist the bottle so that the alcohol spreads along the walls. Start pumping air into the bottle (20 pump presses is enough). Remove the pump, the bottle becomes cold and a cloud appears in it.

Explanation.

Water molecules, evaporating (alcohol evaporates faster), float in the air. In the experiment, “water” evaporated from the walls. As the pressure in the bottle increases, the molecules collide and compress. With a sharp drop in pressure, the air temperature drops sharply. This causes the “water” molecules to stick together or condense in the air into small droplets called clouds.

Chemical experiments for children video

Chemical experiments for children games: “Spy”

Who in childhood did not dream of having a pen with invisible ink, when what was written appears only with special influence, and a stranger sees only a blank sheet? Such ink can be produced in at least 2 ways.

Method 1. Dip a brush in milk (or soda solution) and start writing a message on white paper. After the milk dries, the sheet will become clean again. But if you iron it, the image will be visible on it.

Explanation.

The ink begins to develop when exposed to heat. The burning temperature of milk is much lower than that of paper. And when the milk “burns,” the paper remains white.

Method 2. Instead of milk, use lemon juice or thick rice water. And the developer is water with a few drops of iodine.

Chemical experiments for children at home “Ball from an egg”

IN glass jar put a raw egg (preferably with a brown shell) and pour vinegar over it. After a few hours, the shell will begin to “bubble.” After 7-8 hours, the shell will dissolve and the egg will turn white. Leave the egg in the solution for a week.

After 7 days, remove the egg from the solution. The vinegar remained clear and the egg looked like a rubber ball. If you go into a dark room with an egg and shine a flashlight on it, it will begin to reflect the light. And if you bring the light source closer, the egg will be illuminated right through.

Explanation.

Main component eggshells– calcium carbonate. Vinegar dissolves calcium. This process is called decalcification. The shell first becomes soft, and after a while disappears.

Chemical experiments for children at home video

Chemical experiments at home for children “Volcanic eruption”

Remove Mentos from the package. Place a bottle half filled with cola on the floor. Quickly pour Mentos into the bottle and run away, otherwise it will fill with foam.

Explanation.

The rough surface of the candy is where carbon dioxide is released. The reaction is enhanced by Asparam (a sweetener in cola), which reduces the surface tension of water, and therefore facilitates the release of CO2, sodium benzoate, caffeine; gelatin, gum arabic in dragees.

Think about it next time, maybe you shouldn’t drink delicious cola so as not to provoke a similar reaction in your stomach?

Chemical experiments for children animation: “Crawling Snakes”

The biblical account says that Moses, arguing with Pharaoh, could not convince him and threw his staff on the ground, turning it into a snake. Scientists have now concluded that it was not a snake, but a chemical reaction.

Sulfanilamide snake.

Secure the streptocide tablet to a wire and heat it over an open fire. Snakes will begin to emerge from the medicine. If you pick one of them up with tweezers, the snake will be long.

Explanation.

Any sulfanilamide tablet (sulgin, etazol, sulfadimethoxine, sulfadimezin, biseptol, phthalazole) is suitable for the experiment. When the drug is heated, rapid oxidation occurs with the release of gaseous substances (hydrogen sulfide and water vapor). The gas swells the mass and forms a “snake”.

"Sweet" viper.

Pour 100 g into a plate. sifted sand and soak it in 95% alcohol. Form a slide with a “crater” in the middle. Mix 1 teaspoon of powdered sugar and ¼ teaspoon of baking soda and pour into a hole in the sand.

Light the alcohol (it takes a few minutes to burn). Black balls will begin to appear on the surface, and black liquid will accumulate below. When the alcohol burns out, the mixture will turn black and a black snake will begin to crawl out of it, wriggling.

Explanation.

When soda decomposes and alcohol burns, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor are released. Gases swell the mass, causing it to crawl. The snake's body consists of small particles of coal mixed with sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), which is formed when sugar burns).

The Ghostbusters remake is coming out very soon, and this is a great excuse to rewatch the old film and study non-Newtonian fluids. One of the film's heroes, the silly ghost Lizun, is a good image for visualization. This is a character who loves to eat, and he can also penetrate walls.

We will need:

• potato,
• tonic.

What we do

Cut the potatoes very finely (can be chopped in a food processor) and pour hot water. After 10-15 minutes, drain the water through a sieve into a clean bowl and set aside. A sediment will appear at the bottom - starch. Drain the water; the starch will remain in the bowl. In principle, you will already have a non-Newtonian fluid. You can play with it and watch how it hardens under your hands and becomes liquid on its own. You can also add food coloring for bright color.

Trevor Cox/Flickr.com

Now let's add a little magic.

The starch needs to be dried (leaved for a couple of days). And then add tonic to it and make a kind of dough that is easy to pick up. It will retain its consistency in your palms, but if you stop and stop kneading it, it will begin to spread.

If you enable ultraviolet lamp, then you and your child will see how the dough begins to glow. This is due to the quinine found in tonic water. It looks magical: a glowing substance that behaves as if it violates all the laws of physics.

2. Get superpowers

Comic book heroes are especially popular now, so your child will love feeling like the powerful Magneto, who can control metals.

We will need:

• printer toner,
• magnet,
• vegetable oil.

What we do

From the very beginning, be prepared for the fact that after this experiment you will need a lot of napkins or rags - it will be quite dirty.

Pour about 50 ml of toner into a small container. laser printers. Add two tablespoons of vegetable oil and mix very well. Done - you have in your hands a liquid that will react to a magnet.

Jerald San Hose/Flickr.com

You can attach a magnet to the container and watch how the liquid literally sticks to the wall, forming a funny “hedgehog”. It will be even more interesting if you find a board on which you don’t mind pouring a little black mixture, and invite your child to use a magnet to control the drop of toner.

3. Turn milk into a cow

Invite your child to turn liquid into solid without resorting to freezing. This is a very simple and impressive experience, although you will have to wait a couple of days to get the results. But what an effect!

We will need:

• cup ,
• vinegar.

What we do

Heat a glass of milk in microwave oven or on the stove. We don't boil. Then you need to add a tablespoon of vinegar to it. Now let's start stirring things up. Actively move the spoon in the glass to see white clots appear. This is casein, a protein found in milk.

When there are a lot of clots, drain the mixture through a sieve. Whatever remains in the colander needs to be shaken, then placed on a paper towel and dried a little. Then start kneading the material with your hands. It will look like dough or clay. At this stage, you can add food coloring or glitter to make the white mass brighter and more interesting for your baby.

Invite your child to make something from this material - a figurine of an animal (for example, a cow) or some other object. But you can just put the mass in plastic mold. Leave to dry for a day or two.

When the mass dries, you will have a figurine made of very hard hypoallergenic material. This type of “homemade plastic” was used until the 1930s. Casein was used to make jewelry, accessories, and buttons.

4. Control snakes

Getting vinegar and baking soda to react is just about the most boring experience imaginable. “Volcanoes” and “fizzy drinks” will not be of interest to modern children. But you can invite your child to become a “snake lord” and show how acid and alkali actually react.

We will need:

• pack of gummy worms,
• soda,
• vinegar.

What we do

Take two large transparent glasses. Pour water into one and add soda. Mix. Open the package of gummy worms. It’s better to cut each of them lengthwise and make them thinner. Then the experience will be more spectacular.

Thin worms should be placed in a mixture of water and soda and mixed. Set aside for 5 minutes.

Pour vinegar into another glass. Now we add to this vessel the worms that were in the glass with soda. Because of the soda, bubbles will be visible on their surface. This means there is a reaction. The more worms you add to the glass, the more gas will be released. And after some time, the bubbles will lift the worms to the surface. Add more soda - the reaction will be more active and the worms themselves will begin to crawl out of the glass. Cool!

5. Make a hologram like in Star Wars

Of course, it is difficult to create a real hologram at home. But its likeness is quite real and not even very difficult. You will learn to use the properties of light and turn 2D pictures into three-dimensional images.

We will need:

• smartphone,
• CD box,
• stationery knife,
• scotch,
• paper,
• pencil.

What we do

You need to draw a trapezoid on paper. The drawing can be seen in the photo: the length of the lower side of the trapezoid is 6 cm, the upper side is 1 cm.

BoredPanda.com

Carefully cut out a trapezoid from paper and take out the CD box. We need the transparent part of it. Attach the pattern to the plastic and use a utility knife to cut a trapezoid out of the plastic. Repeat three more times - we will need four identical transparent elements.

Now they need to be glued together with tape so that it looks like a funnel or a truncated pyramid.

Take your smartphone and run one of the such videos. Place the plastic pyramid with the narrow part down in the center of the screen. Inside you will see a “hologram”.

Giphy.com

You can play a video with characters from " Star Wars"and, for example, recreate the famous recording of Princess Leia or admire his own miniature BB-8.

6. Get away with it

Every child can build a sand castle on the seashore. How about we line it up under water? Along the way, you can learn the concept of “hydrophobic.”

We will need:

• colored sand for aquariums (you can also take regular sand, but it needs to be washed and dried),
• hydrophobic shoe spray.

What we do

Carefully pour the sand onto a large plate or baking sheet. We apply a hydrophobic spray to it. We do this very carefully: spray, mix, repeat several times. The task is simple - make sure that every grain of sand is enveloped in a protective layer.

University of Exeter/Flickr.com

When the sand dries, collect it in a bottle or bag. Take a large container for water (for example, a wide-mouthed jar or an aquarium). Show your child how hydrophobic sand “works”. If you pour it in a thin stream into water, it will sink to the bottom but remain dry. This is easy to check: let the baby take some sand from the bottom of the container. As soon as the sand rises from the water, it will crumble in the palm of your hand.

7. Keep information secret better than James Bond

Writing secret messages with lemon juice is a thing of the past. There is another way to make invisible ink, which also allows you to learn a little more about the reaction of iodine and starch.

We will need:

• paper,
• brush.

What we do

First, cook the rice. The porridge can be eaten later, but we need a decoction - it contains a lot of starch. Dip your brush into it and write a secret message on the paper, such as “I know who ate all the cookies yesterday.” Wait for the paper to dry. Starchy letters will be invisible. To decipher the message, you need to moisten another brush or cotton swab in a solution of iodine and water and run it over what is written. Because of chemical reaction Blue letters will begin to appear on the paper. Voila!

The ability to see miracles in everyday objects distinguishes a genius from other people. Creativity is formed in early childhood, when the baby inquisitively studies the world. Scientific experiments, including experiments with water, - easy way interest the child in natural sciences and great view family leisure.

From this article you will learn

Why water is good for home experiments

Water is the ideal substance to get acquainted with physical properties items. The advantages of the substance we are familiar with are:

• accessibility and low cost;
• the ability to exist in three states: solid, vapor and liquid;
• the ability to easily dissolve various substances;
• the transparency of the water ensures the clarity of the experience: the baby will be able to explain the result of the study himself;
• safety and non-toxicity of substances necessary for experiments: the child can touch with his hands everything that interests him;
• no additional tools and equipment, special skills and knowledge are needed;
• You can conduct research both at home and in kindergarten.

The complexity of the experiments depends on the age of the child and the level of his knowledge. It is better to start experiments with water for children with simple manipulations, in senior group Preschool or at home.

Experiments for kids (4-6 years old)

All little children enjoy the process of pouring and mixing liquids of different colors. The first lessons can be devoted to getting to know the organoleptic properties of the substance: taste, smell, color.

In children preparatory group You may ask what is the difference between mineral water and sea water. In kindergarten, the results of research do not need to be proven and what is happening can be explained in accessible words.

Transparency experience

You will need two transparent cups: one with water, the other with an opaque liquid, for example tomato juice, milk, cocktail tubes or spoons. Place objects in each container and ask the kids, in which of the cups is the straw visible and in which is not? Why? Which substance is transparent and which is impenetrable?

Drowning - not drowning

You need to prepare two glasses of water, salt and raw fresh egg. Add salt to one of the glasses at the rate of two tablespoons per glass. If you put an egg in a clean liquid, it will sink to the bottom, and if you put it in a salty liquid, it will appear on the surface of the water. The child will develop a concept of the density of matter. If you take a large container and gradually add fresh water in salted water, the egg will gradually sink.

Freezing

On initial stage It will be enough to pour water into the mold with the child and put it in the freezer. You can watch together the process of melting an ice cube, and speed up the process by touching it with your fingers.

Then complicate the experiment: put a thick thread on an ice cube and sprinkle the surface with salt. After a few moments, everything will grab together and the cube can be lifted up by the thread.

A breathtaking sight is represented by melting colored ice cubes placed in a transparent container with vegetable oil(you can take a child's). Droplets of water sinking to the bottom form fancy pattern, which is constantly changing.

Steam is also water

For the experiment, you need to boil water. Notice to the children how steam rises above the surface. Hold a mirror or glass saucer over a container of hot liquid, such as a thermos. Show how droplets flow from it. Make a conclusion: if you heat water, it will turn into steam; when cooled, it will turn into a liquid state again.

"CONSPIRACY"

It's not an experience, but rather a focus. Before starting the experiment, ask the kids if water in a closed container can change color under a magic spell. In front of the children, say a spell, shake the jar, and the colorless liquid will become colored.

The secret is that water-soluble paint, watercolor or gouache is applied to the lid of the container in advance. When shaken, the water washes away the paint layer and changes color. The main thing is not to turn inner part covers to the spectators.

Broken pencil

The simplest experiment demonstrating the refraction of an image in a liquid is placing a tube or pencil in a transparent glass filled with water. The part of the product immersed in liquid will appear deformed, causing the pencil to appear broken.

The optical properties of water can also be checked in this way: take two eggs of the same size and immerse one of them in water. One will appear larger than the other.

Expansion on freezing

Take plastic cocktail straws, cover one end with plasticine, fill with water to the brim and seal. Place the straw in the freezer. After a while, notice to the baby that the liquid, freezing, expanded and displaced the plasticine plugs. Explain that water can rupture a container if exposed to low temperatures.

Dry cloth

Place a dry paper napkin at the bottom of an empty glass. Turn it over and lower it vertically into a bowl of water with the edges down to the bottom. Prevent liquid from getting inside by holding the glass with force. Also remove the glass from the water in a vertical direction.

If everything is done correctly, the paper in the glass will not get wet; air pressure will prevent this. Tell the children the story of a diving bell that can be used to lower people to the bottom of a body of water.

Submarine

Place a tube in a glass filled with water and bend it in the lower third. We immerse the glass completely upside down in a container of water so that part of the straw is on the surface. We blow into it, the air instantly fills the glass, it jumps out of the water and turns over.

You can tell the children that fish use this technique: to sink to the bottom, they compress the air bubble with their muscles, and some of the air comes out of it. To rise to the surface, they pump up air and float up.

Bucket rotation

To carry out this experiment, it is advisable to call your dad for help. The procedure is as follows: take a strong bucket with a strong handle and fill it halfway with water. A more spacious place is chosen; it is advisable to conduct the experiment in nature. You need to take the bucket by the handle and quickly rotate it so that the water does not spill. When the experiment is over, you can watch the splashes spilling out of the bucket.

If your child is old enough, explain that liquid is held in place by centrifugal force. You can experience its effect on attractions whose operating principle is based on circular motion.

Vanishing coin

To demonstrate this experiment, fill a quart jar with water and close the lid. Take out a coin and give it to the baby so that he can be convinced that it is an ordinary one. Have your child place it on the table and you place the jar on top. Ask your child if he sees the money. Remove the container and the coin will be visible again.

floating paper clip

Before starting the experiment, ask your child whether metal objects sink in water. If he finds it difficult to answer, throw a paper clip vertically into the water. She will sink to the bottom. Tell your child that you know a magic spell to keep the paperclip from sinking. Using a flat hook bent from a second specimen, slowly and carefully place a horizontal paperclip on the surface of the water.

To prevent the product from completely sinking to the bottom, first rub it with a candle. The trick can be carried out thanks to a property of water called surface tension.

Anti-spill glass

For another experiment based on the properties of surface tension of water, you will need:

• transparent smooth glass glass;
• a handful of small metal objects: nuts, washers, coins;
• oil, mineral or vegetable;
• chilled water.

Before conducting the experiment, you need to grease the edges of a clean, dry glass with oil. Fill it with water and lower the metal objects one at a time. The surface of the water will no longer be flat and will begin to rise above the edges of the glass. At some point, the film on the surface will burst and the liquid will spill. Oil in this experiment is needed to reduce the connection between water and the surface of the glass.

Flowers on the water

Required materials and tools:

• paper of different densities and colors, cardboard;
• scissors;
• glue;
• wide container with water: basin, deep tray, dish.

The preparatory stage is making flowers. Cut the paper into squares with a side of 15 centimeters. Fold each one in half and then double again. Randomly cut out the petals. Bend them in half so that the petals form a bud. Dip each flower into the prepared water.

Gradually the flowers will begin to open. The speed of unraveling will depend on the density of the paper. The petals straighten due to swelling of the fibers of the material.

Treasure Hunt

Collect small toys, coins, beads and freeze them in one or more pieces of ice. The essence of the game is that as it thaws, objects will appear on the surface. To speed up the process, you can use kitchen utensils and various instruments: forks, tweezers, knife with a safe blade. If several children are playing, you can arrange a competition.

Everything is absorbed

The experience introduces the child to the ability of objects to absorb liquids. To do this, take a sponge and a plate of water. Dip the sponge into the plate and watch with your child as the water rises and the sponge becomes wet. Experiment with different items, some have the ability to absorb liquids, and some do not.

Ice cubes

Children love to freeze water. Experiment with them with shapes and colors: kids will make sure that the liquid follows the shape of the container in which it is placed. Freeze the colored water into cubes, first insert toothpicks or straws into each.

From the freezer you will get a lot of colorful boats. Put on paper sails and lower the boats into the water. The ice will begin to melt, forming bizarre colored stains: this is the diffusion of liquid.

Experiments with water of different temperatures

Process stages and conditions:

1. Prepare four identical glass glasses, watercolor paints or food coloring.
2. Pour into two glasses cold water, at two - warm.
3. Color warm water black and cold water yellow.
4. Place a glass of cold water in a plate, cover the container with warm black liquid with a plastic card, turn it over and place it so that the glasses are located symmetrically.
5. Carefully remove the card, being careful not to dislodge the glasses.
6. Cold and warm water will not mix due to the properties of physics.

Repeat the experiment, but this time place a glass of hot water down.

Conduct all experiments in kindergarten in a playful way.

Experiments for schoolchildren

Water tricks for schoolchildren should be explained already in elementary grade, introducing them to the simplest scientific concepts, then the young magician will easily master both physics and chemistry in grades 8–11.

Color layers

Take a plastic bottle, fill a third of it with vegetable oil, a third with water, and leave another third empty. Pour food coloring into the bottle and seal it with a lid. A child can see that oil is lighter than air, and water is heavier.

The oil will remain unchanged, but the water will be colored. If you shake the bottle, the layers will shift, but after a few moments everything will be as it was. When placing the container in the freezer, the layer of oil will sink to the bottom and the water will freeze on top.

Sippy sieve

Everyone knows that you cannot hold water in a sieve. Show your child a trick: grease a sieve with oil and shake. Carefully pour some water over inner edge sieves Water will not flow out, since it will be retained by the oil film. But if you run your finger along the bottom, it will collapse and the liquid will flow out.

Experiment with glycerin

The experiment can be carried out on the eve of the New Year. Take a jar of screw cap, small plastic toy, glitter, glue and glycerin. Glue the toy, Christmas tree, snowman to inside covers.

Pour water into a jar, add glitter and glycerin. Close the lid tightly with the figurine inside and turn the container over. Thanks to glycerin, the sparkles will swirl beautifully around the figure if you regularly turn the structure over. The jar can be given as a gift.

Making a cloud

It's more of an environmental experiment. If your child asks you what clouds are made of, do this experiment with water. Pour into a 3 liter jar hot water, approximately 2.5 centimeters. Place pieces of ice on a saucer or baking sheet and place on the jar so that the neck is completely closed.

Soon a cloud of fog (steam) forms inside the container. You can draw your preschooler's attention to condensation and explain why it is raining.

Tornado

Often both children and adults are interested in how such an atmospheric phenomenon as a tornado is formed. Together with your children, you can answer this question by arranging the following experiment with water, which consists of the following steps:

1. Prepare two 2-liter plastic bottles, tape, and a metal washer with a diameter of 2.5.
2. Fill one of the bottles with water and place a washer on the neck.
3. Turn the second bottle over, place it on top of the first and tightly wrap the top of both bottles with tape to prevent water from spilling out.
4. Turn the structure over so that the water bottle is on top.
5. Create a hurricane: start rotating the device in a spiral. The flowing stream will turn into a mini-tornado.
6. Observe the process happening in the bottles.

A tornado can also be created in a bank. To do this, fill it with water, not reaching the edges by 4-5 centimeters, add dishwashing detergent. Close the lid tightly and shake the jar.

Rainbow

You can explain the origin of the rainbow to your child as follows. In a sunny room, place a wide container of water and place a sheet of white paper next to it. Place a mirror in the container, catch a ray of sunlight with it, and direct it towards the sheet so that a spectrum appears. You can use a flashlight.

Lord of matches

Pour water into a plate and let it float on the surface of the match. Dip a piece of sugar or soap into the water: in the first case, the matches will gather around the piece, in the second, they will float away from it. This happens because sugar increases the surface tension of water, while soap decreases it.

Water flows up

Place white flowers in a container of water colored with food coloring, preferably carnations or pale green plants such as celery. After some time, the flowers will change color. You can do it simpler: use white paper napkins, not flowers, in the experiment with water.

An interesting effect can be achieved if one edge of the towel is placed in water. a certain color, and the other - in another, contrasting shade.

Water from thin air

A fascinating home experiment clearly demonstrates how the condensation process occurs. To do this, take a glass jar, fill it with ice cubes, add a spoonful of salt, shake several times and close the lid. After 10 minutes, droplets of water will appear on the outer surface of the jar.

For clarity, wrap it paper towel and make sure there is enough water. Tell your child where in nature you can see the process of water condensation: for example, on cold stones under the sun.

Paper cover

If you turn a glass of water over, it will spill out. Can a sheet of paper hold water? To answer the question, cut out a flat lid from thick paper that is 2-3 centimeters larger than the diameter of the edges of the glass.

Fill the glass about halfway with water, place a piece of paper on top and carefully turn it over. Due to air pressure, the liquid must remain in the container.

Thanks to this joke, a student can earn popularity among his classmates.

Soap Volcano

You will need: detergent, soda, vinegar, cardboard for the “volcano”, iodine. Pour water, vinegar, dish soap and a few drops of iodine or other dye into a glass. Make a cone out of dark cardboard and wrap the container with the ingredients so that the edges touch. Pour baking soda into a glass and the volcano will begin to erupt.

Spark plug pump

This entertaining trick with water demonstrates the power of the law of gravity. Take a small candle, place it on a saucer and light it. Pour some colored water into a saucer. Cover the candle with a glass, the liquid will gradually be drawn into it. The explanation lies in the change in pressure inside the container.

Growing Crystals

The result of this experiment will be to obtain beautiful crystals on the surface of the wire. To grow them you need a strong salt solution. You can determine whether the solution is sufficiently saturated by adding a new portion of salt. If it no longer dissolves, the solution is ready. How cleaner water, all the better.

To clear the solution of debris, pour it into another container. Dip a wire with a loop at the end into the solution and place everything in a warm place. To obtain patterned crafts, twist the wire as required. After a few days, the wire becomes covered with salt “snow”.

Dancing coin

Needed Glass bottle, coin and water. Place the empty bottle without the cap in the freezer for 10 minutes. Place a coin soaked in water on the neck of the bottle. In less than a minute cold air when heated, it will expand and begin to displace the coin, causing it to bounce on the surface.

Magic ball

Tools and materials: vinegar, baking soda, lemon, glass, balloon, bottle, duct tape and funnel.

Process progress:

• Pour water into a bottle, add a teaspoon of soda.
• Mix three tablespoons of vinegar and lemon juice.
• Quickly pour the mixture into the water bottle through the funnel and place the ball on the neck of the bottle containing the water and soda mixture. The reaction will occur instantly: the composition will begin to “boil” and the balloon will inflate as air is displaced.

To ensure that air from the bottle gets only into the ball, wrap the neck with electrical tape.

Balls in a frying pan

If you pour a little water onto a hot surface, it will disappear (evaporate). When you add another portion, balls resembling mercury form in the pan.

Burning liquid

Tape it up work surface Sparkler sticks with tape, leaving the ends, set on fire and lower into a transparent vessel with water. The sticks will not go out, thanks to their chemical composition in water, their fire burns even brighter, creating the effect of a flaming liquid.

Water management

The intensity of sound is another means of changing the direction of fluid flow. The result can be observed using a powerful speaker. Under the influence of music or other sound effects, water takes on a bizarre, fantastic shape, forming foam and mini-fountains.

Rainbow water

The cognitive experiment is based on changes in the density of water. For the process, take four small glasses of water, dyes, a syringe and granulated sugar.

Add dye to the first glass and leave for a while. In the remaining mixture, dissolve 1, 2 and 3 teaspoons of sugar and dyes of different colors in succession. Unsweetened liquid is poured into a transparent glass with a syringe. Then, using a syringe, water is carefully released to the bottom, to which 0.5 teaspoon of sugar is added.

Third and fourth steps: a solution with an average and maximum concentration is released in the same way: closer to the bottom. If everything is done correctly, the glass will contain water with multi-colored layers.

colorful lamp

The cool experience delights not only children 5-6 years old, but also primary schoolchildren and teenagers. Equal parts of water and sunflower oil are poured into a glass or plastic bottle and dye is added. The process is started by dropping an effervescent aspirin tablet into water. The effect will be enhanced if this experiment is carried out in dark room, providing illumination using a flashlight.

Ice Formation

For the trick you will need plastic bottle with a capacity of 0.5 liters, filled with distilled water without gas, and freezer. Place the container in the freezer, after 2 hours, take it out and sharply hit it on a hard surface.

The water will begin to turn into ice before your eyes. The experiment is explained by the composition of distilled water: it lacks centers responsible for crystallization. After impact, bubbles appear in the liquid and the freezing process begins.

This is not all the manipulations carried out with water. Substances such as starch, clay, and shampoo change its properties beyond recognition. Children aged 6-7 years can easily do almost all experiments themselves in the kitchen or experiment under the supervision of their parents by watching a video tutorial or explanatory pictures.

More cool experiments are shown in this video.

If necessary, the small chemist should be offered advice or assistance. It's even better to do all the research together: even adults will discover a lot amazing properties water.

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