Warm foam glass plaster with your own hands. Warm plaster - heat-insulating facade. Basic rules for applying warm plaster

The choice of insulation for interior wall decoration is a task that today has many solutions. Many at the same time prefer well-known materials, such as foam or mineral wool.

However, there is a less traditional way of warming, which has not yet gained particular popularity due to high cost of composition. We are talking about a material called "warm plaster", the features of which will be presented for consideration in this article.

What is this material?

Heat-insulating plaster - a combined material that combines ordinary rough plaster and insulating components.

Mineral additives contained in the mixture, give the solution heat-insulating properties. Warm plaster contains the following types of fillers:

• porous (polystyrene foam granules, perlite, foamed glass, etc.);
• binders (cement, gypsum, lime);
• polymeric materials - plasticizers.

Heat-insulating plaster - highly porous material due to which it is sometimes called "draining".

Varieties

Depending on the filler, which gives the composition thermal insulation qualities, warm plaster divided into several types, each of which has its own characteristics.

with perlite

Perlite is a material based on expanded perlite sand. It is one of the varieties of volcanic glass and has a pearl-like texture, but contains more than 1% water in its composition.

The feature of the material is ability to increase (5-20 times) and swelling (10-12 times) as a result of heat treatment. Perlite plaster is used for facade decoration and internal walls both in industrial and residential areas.

Advantages of perlite mixture:

• high heat and sound insulation properties;
• high-quality adhesion when applied to various mineral surfaces;
• plaster is fireproof and gives additional fire resistance to the treated surface;
• has good vapor permeability;
• environmentally friendly and harmless to health;
• differs in plasticity and convenience in work.

The downside is high gyroscopicity, that is, the ability to absorb moisture four times its weight, which is why the surface needs to be finished.

Applying warm plaster for interior work with your own hands

Walls need to be prepared cleaning them from dust and dirt and removing the old coating (wallpaper, tiles, paint, etc.).

For better adhesion the surface can be impregnated with a primer deep penetration. The honeycomb structure, as well as the presence of reinforcing fibers in the composition, give warm plaster resistance to cracking, so that the surface to be finished does not need to install a reinforcing mesh.

Before applying the composition walls should be thoroughly moistened warm water for high-quality coupling of the solution with the surface.

Next you need knead the solution with an electric drill and mixer, following the instructions on the package. You can check the readiness of the composition by typing the mixture on a spatula and turning it over. If the solution does not fall, then it is ready for application.

The application process itself is the same as finishing with conventional cement mortar. Beacons are installed on the wall, between which they throw the mixture and align it with the rule. The thickness of the layer, as a rule, is no more than 5 cm.

For applying the final leveling layer a more liquid solution should be used, which is smoothed with a plastic float, thereby eliminating minor defects, pits and irregularities. After 48 hours, the plastered surface can be veneered.

Application warm plaster: Video instruction.

To insulate the walls from the inside without losing the useful area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room, it is optimal to use warm plaster. It is effective for both outdoor and indoor use. In cases where it is necessary to insulate the wall in the apartment, this method is ideal.

Varieties of plaster compositions

The composition of traditional plaster includes:

• Binder (cement, gypsum);
• Fine filler (sand);
• Water.

For thermal insulation of internal walls, a classic solution can be used, but it will have to be applied in a thick layer of up to 10 cm. To obtain a more effective result, the sand filler is partially or completely replaced with components that can better retain heat:

• Shredded foam;
• Vermiculite (granular material obtained by firing hydrated mica);
• Perlite (a mineral of volcanic origin).

A layer of plaster with these fillers at the same thickness will give a greater effect than using a traditional mortar, and by reducing the layer, you can get the best heat transfer effect of the wall.

Ready-made plaster compositions for internal thermal insulation produced mainly on perlite. It has a relatively low bulk density - 200...400 kg/m3. It is slightly less in vermiculite - about 100 kg / m3. Perlite is used more often due to its low cost.

Both cement and gypsum can be used as a binder for wall insulation with warm plaster from the inside. In the first case, the wall will turn out to be stronger, but it will require more careful cladding, since the cement is gray, you will have to heavily cover the color, for example, with gypsum putty. Gypsum is suitable only for interior work, in itself it has a low thermal conductivity, which further enhances the effect of thermal insulation.

Advantages and disadvantages of warm plasters

The advantages, of course, include:

• Low thermal conductivity;
• Sufficient layer strength;
• Small application thickness (no more than 5 cm);
• Reinforcement is not required during application.

The main drawback of the coating, which must be taken into account, is the high hygroscopicity of mineral heat-insulating plasters. Gypsum, perlite and vermiculite are porous materials that can absorb a significant amount of water. Key recommendations for this:

• In damp rooms (bathrooms, showers) reinforced waterproofing of the wall is required. Moisture-resistant putties, ceramic linings are suitable for this.
• In corridors, kitchens and rooms, it is enough to maintain normal humidity of no more than 60%. For additional protection use a deep penetration primer under wallpaper or decorative plaster.

Slaked lime will also help reduce the hygroscopicity of the composition. It does not affect the thermal conductivity of the layer, but significantly reduces the absorption of moisture and improves the plasticity of the solution.

How to make warm plaster with your own hands

The cost of ready-made mixtures is high, it is much cheaper to make the blank yourself. Thus, you can save a lot, especially if you need to insulate all the walls in a house or apartment. An additional bonus of large volumes of work is a high (total) consumption of material, i.e. it is unlikely that you will have half a bag of unnecessary cement if you immediately calculate everything correctly and buy the right amount of components.

What you need:

• Cement brand M150-M200. It is so inexpensive - about 150-250 rubles per bag of 50 kg;
• Perlite (M75-M100) costs about 100 rubles per 50 kg;
• Vermiculite will cost more - about 450-500 rubles per 50 kg;
• Slaked lime- about 120 rubles per 20 kg;
• Reclaimed building sand - 100 rubles per 50 kg;
• Water - from the tap on the counter.

Cooking technology:

1. The first step is to take the right amount of water. It should be at room temperature.
2. Dry ingredients can be mixed in advance.
3. A dry mixture is added to the water in portions, each input must be thoroughly mixed construction mixer or a drill with the same nozzle. A whisk can be purchased at any hardware store.

How to make warm plaster yourself: recipes

Components should be purchased based on the selected composition.

• 1) Simple composition: cement, sand and perlite are taken in a ratio of 1: 1: 4, the mixture is mixed with the right amount of water to the working consistency of thick sour cream.
• 2) For a large amount of work, you can prepare a solution of 190 kg of cement, 1 m3 of perlite or vermiculite, 270 liters of water. The volume should be divided into equal parts before kneading, since the finished solution sets after 2-3 hours.
• 3) A solution with a plasticizer is prepared from 1 part of cement, 4 parts of perlite, 0.9 parts of water, 1 m3 of perlite will require 4-5 liters of PVA glue, which acts as a plasticizer. PVA should be diluted in the water with which the mixture will be closed.
• 4) Sand-perlite mortar is prepared from 1 part of cement, 2 parts of sand, 3 - perlite. The amount of glue should be 1/100 of the amount of cement, i.e. per 100 kg of binder 1 kg of glue. The mixture is closed with water to a working state.
• 5) Cement and perlite in a ratio of 1:4 are mixed with water with PVA in the amount of glue 1% by weight of the binder.
• 6) Cement-lime mortar with insulating granules is prepared in the proportion of lime - 1 part, cement - 1 part, perlite sand - up to 5 parts. This plaster is perfect for wet rooms.

Solutions on a gypsum binder are prepared in a similar way without the use of glue.

PVA glue can be replaced with liquid soap, dishwashing detergent, or specialized superplasticizers that are sold in construction stores. The latter should be used according to the instructions.

Warm plaster based on perlite is low cost, this filler can be replaced with more expensive vermiculite, then the layer weight will be less, and the coating efficiency will improve markedly. Cheap foam in granules can also replace perlite, while the thermal conductivity of the plaster will not increase. The only caveat - polystyrene can evaporate harmful substances with significant heating, therefore it is rarely used for residential premises. This does not mean that it is forbidden to use, on the contrary, for cool rooms and walls where there is no heating from the sun, this filler will be a good ingredient.

Overview of popular warm mixes

If self-assembly of the components confuses you, you can always purchase a ready-made mixture in the store. It is important here not to run into a fake and low-quality material. To avoid such troubles, carefully read the information on the package, it always indicates the characteristics of the composition, method and place of application.

To facilitate the choice, here are the 5 most popular dry mixes for making warm plaster.

The technology of wall insulation with warm plaster from the inside

wall insulation with inside The standard layout looks like this:

• 1) The surface is cleaned of old finish;
• 2) A primer is made with a deep penetration composition;
• 3) The first layer of plaster is applied. If a thick coating is supposed to be applied, the first layer should be thin, it is recommended to spray: the solution is brought to a liquid state (like liquid sour cream), drops are applied to the wall surface with a brush or brush. After they dry, you can proceed to plastering;
• 4) The main layer is applied different methods. A thin coating does not require the installation of a grid, it is applied with a wide trowel or building rule. You should immediately make the surface even. If the layer is thick, it is advisable to stretch the mesh and fix it to the wall with dowels, even if the plaster manufacturer does not talk about it. Reinforcement is necessary for mortar layers from 50 mm.
• 5) When using gypsum plaster and its high-quality application, subsequent puttying is not required. When working with a cement composition, after 1-2 hours with significant irregularities or teals, you can take a brush, moisten it in water and slightly blur the irregularities. Do not be afraid to rub the wall - the cement has already set and only a surface that is not sufficiently leveled will get wet. Then spatulation should be done.

This algorithm is valid in cases where repairs are made for the purpose of insulation in a finished building with an insulated facade. If the house is just being built, it is necessary to provide for a sufficient wall thickness or high-quality insulation from the outside as well, since the interior alone cannot protect the room from heat loss.

Building and repairing a house involves leveling the walls and reducing heat loss. For this, dry mixes and insulating materials are used. All this can be found in one warm plaster. It is about her that will be discussed in this article.

What does it represent?

Plaster compositions are a mixture of binders, fillers, plasticizers, additives that improve performance and sand with different fractions cleaned of impurities. For the most part, warm plaster is presented in a dry form, which should be diluted with water before use.

Compound

The building material differs from other analogues in specific fillers. It is they who give the result properties similar to heat-insulating materials.

In particular, the main additives are:

• vermiculite;
• wood fibers or sawdust;
• modified clay;
• powdered pumice;
• expanded polystyrene in granules.

Except functional features These elements give the coating a different structure.

Some options are used as a finishing decor. Others cover paintwork materials after preliminary priming and complete drying of the surface.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main task of plaster is to level the base. material according to their physical characteristics different from most of the offered products.

Lightweight and practical finish

Among the positive ones are:

• high degree of adhesion to mineral and wood bases, which do not have to be pre-levelled;
• if the maximum allowable layer is observed, the use of reinforcing material is not required;
• the breathable composition of the coating does not allow heat and cold, noise and dust to pass through;
• predominantly contains natural raw materials;
• comfortable use;
• frost resistance and resistance to changes in weather conditions;
• light weight, which does not allow the formation of "cellulite" sagging under the weight of the solution;
• forms a coating close to monolithic;
• with the exception of the filler in the form of polystyrene, the constituent substances are non-combustible materials.

In addition, warm plaster is considered unattractive to rodents and organisms related to microbiology. This eliminates the use of various kinds of antiseptic compounds that can cause an allergic reaction.

Many positive aspects and advantages over analogues do not exclude the presence of disadvantages. These include:

• as a rule, the maximum value of the applied layer does not exceed 20 mm;
• if plaster is used as an alternative to other heat insulators, then the layer must be at least 5 cm, which affects the foundation due to the total load;
• depending on the composition, the material is able to absorb moisture, so this indicator should be taken into account when choosing;
• when re-applying the solution, it is imperative to use a reinforcing mesh.

It is believed that such a warm plaster, but you should not consider it a composition that fully replaces the insulation. The material has, among others, a similar property, but it is not the only one.

Application area

On a gypsum binder, the composition is used only indoors. On a lime and cement base, warm plaster is used to finish the facade of the house, including its decoration.

Upon detailed consideration, the solution is used in the following cases:

1. Filling cracks, crevices and voids.
2. Sealing of butt joints between ceilings.
3. Formation of openings for windows and doors.
4. Warming: walls and building structure as a whole; water supply risers; sewer system.

The material also copes with leveling the base. But in view of the cost, it makes sense to give preference to analogues with a permissible single-layer application exceeding 2 cm.

Types and features

Gypsum heat-insulating plaster is characterized by minimal resistance to variable humidity. Therefore, it is used only inside dry rooms. More often, cement is used as the basis, since it copes with changes in operating conditions much better. Such compositions are used for facade elements.

Plaster with heat-insulating additives for outdoor use differs in fillers, which affect the characteristic properties of the mixture:

1. Organic are represented by expanded polystyrene with a fraction of 1-1.5 mm, which is not very durable. It is added to cement and lime compositions. The versatility of warm plaster is limited by flammability. The coating is recommended to be treated with materials as a finishing decor.
2. Minerals make up for the shortcomings of organic matter. These include: quartz glass is water resistant, does not transmit heat and does not shrink; porous raw materials of volcanic origin : mica vermiculite is not afraid of anything but water; obsidian perlite needs protection from moisture.
3. sawdust yield long time drying, but are excellent for processing bricks and wood. Among such fillers are used: sawdust, paper.

The latter mixtures usually have cement or clay as a base. Manufacturers recommend using such mixtures for interior work. This is due to the fact that during the drying process the presence of wind is not allowed.

Mineral fillers also include pumice with expanded clay. These materials are inferior to analogues in all respects, therefore they are used extremely rarely.

Top manufacturers

If we consider the building material from the point of view of manufacturers, then the most famous brand is the German company Knauf. This brand has established itself among the first in the post-Soviet space.

The materials are of high quality. All tasks that are assigned to the material are performed in accordance with the specified parameters. The main condition is compliance with the rules for the use and preparation of plaster.

Domestic analogues also cope with the main tasks, to one degree or another. For example:

1. Houncliff contains acrylic and glass. Can be applied to any porous substrates. It has low thermal conductivity, vapor permeability, does not accumulate moisture. Differs in environmental friendliness. The material is relatively new, so it is almost impossible to buy a fake.
2. Thermoum can be used for processing any bases inside and outside the room. The plaster contains 99% mineral elements, which indicates its environmental friendliness and incombustibility. The pores in the coating occupy 55% of the volume. This allows moisture not to linger in the base. Hydrophobicity allows the product to be used as a moisture insulation of walls.
3. Warmmix differs in high adhesion to any bases without use of primers. Unlike the previous version, it can be used for thermal insulation of the facade of the building.

Warm Umka plaster is suitable for indoor work. Differs in the high durability and moisture impermeability. It does an excellent job of insulating walls from noise and cold outside.

Heat-insulating plaster Knauf Grunband

German warm plaster for the Grunband facade can be applied to any substrate. The method of application can be both manual and machine. The latter allows you to speed up the processing process.

Tasks that Grünband copes with:

• waterproofing of facades and rooms with high humidity;
• reinforcement of the base surface;
• prevention of the appearance of cracks during shrinkage of the building or from mechanical impact from the outside;
• decorative design of the base, which will only need to be painted.

The fraction of the components does not exceed 1.5 mm. This suggests that the coating differs in coating density and comfort in relation to the application of the solution.

How to make warm plaster with your own hands

The modern market is represented by everything you need to make plaster with your own hands, including warm plaster. The basis of the mixture, as a rule, includes cement and purified sand.

To give the heat-insulating properties of the plaster, perlite or vermiculite is added to the composition in a ratio of 4 to 1 relative to cement. As a plasticizer, you can use PVA building glue in an amount of up to 60 grams per 10 liters of plaster. It is important to mix all the elements thoroughly, leave for about 20 minutes and repeat shaking.

Do-it-yourself application technology

Warm plaster is used more often for outdoor work. External plastering activities are carried out in warm weather. It is desirable that it be windless. So the result will be better. If beacons are used, then after the coating has hardened, they should be removed, and the voids filled with warm plaster.

Preparatory work

The base before plastering requires standard preparation. To do this, you need to remove:

• old coating in the form of plaster and paint;
• protruding reinforcement elements;
• available wall insulation material;
• excess adhesive between the blocks from which the building was erected.

It is advisable to pre-fill all the recesses. Some manufacturers claim that priming the base is not required. Most experts do not agree with this.

Required Tool

To prepare the plaster you will need a container and a mixer. You can purchase a special nozzle for a drill or puncher. To work with the solution, you will need a spatula (facade and auxiliary) and a rule.

Fixtures and tools

When using lighthouses, plaster is applied by machine or manually. Then the mixture is leveled with a trapezoid-shaped canvas. Surplus is used further.

Reinforcement

With a single-layer application of the solution, additional reinforcement is not required. However, there is often a need for a coating in excess of 20 mm. In this case, a mesh with cells up to 5x5 mm is used. It will not allow the coating to crack.

The reinforcement process looks like this:

• the first layer of plaster is applied;
• after 100-120 minutes, the plaster mesh is attached with a notched trowel;
• the next layer of solution is applied after 1.5-2 days.

Reinforcement

Each stage, with the exception of reinforcement, is carried out after the base or fresh coating has completely dried. Priming is taken into account.

Calculation of the amount of material

Before you close the plaster, be sure to take into account the fact that the solution has a limited time of action. As a rule, it equates to 4 hours.

Layer thickness calculation

For noise insulation, a layer of warm plaster 5 mm thick is sufficient. For thermal insulation, 50 mm is considered optimal. For leveling, the layer is calculated depending on the differences that need to be eliminated. If they exceed 5 cm, then it is recommended to first use analogues without heat-insulating fillers.

Mixture consumption

If the plaster layer is 20 mm, then you will need about 12 kg of dry mix per 1 sq. meter. With a two-layer coating, 2 times more material will be required.

Application

Application rules warm material in fact the same as other counterparts. The differences are in the reinforcement and the drying time of the coating. In particular, the latter is about 3 hours. The level of maximum strength of heat-insulating plaster is gaining within a month.

Application of the mixture

To give smoothness, the hardened surface is moistened with water and treated with a grater. Possible deficiencies can be corrected within 2 hours.

Summing up

Warm plaster is used as a leveling building material like conventional counterparts. Also, mixtures are used for processing facades and walls indoors with any humidity. characteristic feature of this plaster is a heat-insulating property, along with which the coating does not transmit noise.

The affordable cost of warm plaster and a wide range of applications have a clear advantage over analogues. Besides, T warm plaster can be prepared with your own hands.

High price utilities and energy carriers can push the owners of apartments and suburban real estate to conduct additional work over wall insulation. One of the options for improving the thermal properties of such bases is the use of special warm plaster. What is it and what is such a coating - read about all this in our article.

Heat-insulating plaster: types and features

In warm plaster formulations, some of the components of conventional leveling compounds are replaced by materials that can be used to enhance the thermal insulation properties of the cured mortar. For example, quartz sand or part of it is exchanged for perlite, vermiculite, polystyrene foam, etc. additives in loose form. Cement or gypsum can be used as a binder. In the first case, the finished composition is suitable for exterior and interior decoration, in the second - only for interior work due to the high hygroscopicity of gypsum.

The main part of dry mixes presented on domestic market, is a perlite plaster. Expanded perlite is used as a filler, which outwardly may resemble coarse sand or fine gravel of a grayish-white color. The material is quite light - bulk density in the region of 200-400 kg per cubic meter. m. depending on the grain size. It is somewhat lower for expanded vermiculite. The density of this additive in plaster is approximately 100 kg per cubic meter. m. (bulk). Another property that must be taken into account when using heat-insulating solutions is the high hygroscopicity of the hardened coatings. The hygroscopicity of the material is up to 5 volumes of water per 1 volume of the expanded component.

Despite the high water absorption coefficients, vermiculite and perlite plasters can be used for external insulation of buildings. The main thing is that they are not under the direct influence of precipitation, and the steam passing through the walls of the house does not linger in the coating.

The low density of the solution components provides a reduction in the mass of the finished coating, which can be taken into account when designing a house. It becomes possible to reduce the load on the foundation and rely on a cheaper foundation for construction.

A short video about plaster based on polystyrene foam.

Two videos on how to prepare warm vermiculite plaster.

Plaster Teplon (GK Unis)

You must have heard of this finishing material like plaster Teplon. It is a ready-to-mix dry mix based on gypsum binder. A feature of the composition is the addition of perlite - a porous rock of volcanic origin. It is this additive that gives the manufacturer the right to call his plaster warm. Mixtures Teplon can be used for interior decoration premises. The coating is relatively light, allows you to level the base and give it additional sound and thermal insulation properties.

Types and specifications

At the time of writing the review, the company produced four types of plasters under the Teplon brand. At the same time, three of them are intended for finishing dry rooms and really have some thermal insulation properties, and the fourth, moisture-resistant modification is not positioned as “warm” (thermal conductivity coefficient is not indicated for it).

Remember that such coatings are highly hygroscopic, so it is possible to talk about the appropriateness of their use only if the humidity in the room is normal. We are talking about "warm" compositions. And do not forget that the walls need to be insulated from the outside, not inside. Accordingly, using completely different materials.

In fairness, we note that the coefficient of thermal conductivity of Teplon plaster is 0.23 W / (m × ° C), and such thermal insulation materials as extruded polystyrene foam, ordinary foam plastic and mineral wool - 0.029 ÷ 0.032, 0.038 ÷ 0.047, 0.036 ÷ 0.055 W / (m × ° C), respectively. And we remember that the smaller this value, the better the heat-shielding properties are characteristic for the same thickness of the material. What does it mean? And the fact that it is more difficult to achieve the same thermal protection of the walls when using Teplon warm plaster than when installing a special heat-insulating material.

Work technology

1. Requirements for temperature and humidity conditions of work are standard: from +5 to +30 °С at relative humidity up to 75%. Because Since all brands of Teplon plaster are produced on a gypsum binder, the condition of the base must be appropriate: clean, dry, without damaged, poorly adhering parts of the wall material. Working surface primed with active concrete composition (for smooth concrete foundations) or deep penetration soil (for cellular concrete and other hygroscopic materials). Subsequent operations begin after the soil has dried.
2. Installation of plaster beacons is carried out according to the standard scheme, only for fastening beacons use the appropriate brand of solution Teplon.
3. To obtain a solution of the desired consistency, a kilogram of powder is added for every 450-550 ml of water. When using a moisture-resistant brand of water, they take less - 160-220 ml. Mix with a special mixer or perforator with a stirrer. After that, the mass is left alone for 5 minutes. and mix again. The further fate of the plaster is determined by the value of its viability.
4. The resulting composition is applied to the walls manually or mechanized (for the MN composition) with a layer 5-50 mm thick. The thickness of the ceiling coating is less - 5-30 mm.
5. An hour after mixing the mortar, the plaster layer is cut along the beacons using the rule. At this stage, all coating defects are corrected: depressions, bumps, waves, etc.
6. If it is necessary to apply a layer with a thickness of more than 50 mm, then this is done in several stages: in layers, after the previous coating has hardened, it has been treated with a primer and on a plaster mesh.
7. On final stage possible glossy surface. It is started 2 hours after trimming the set solution. Coating wetted clean water, rubbed with a special sponge grater, and the emerging milk is smoothed with a wide spatula.

Umka

Some Umka plaster mixtures are also positioned as warm: UB-21, UF-2, UB-212. In addition to heat and sound insulation properties, the manufacturer is distinguished by the environmental friendliness of the compositions, their hydrophobic properties, incombustibility and frost resistance.

All work is carried out in almost the same order as for Unis products. Because Basically it's a similar product.

Below is a short video about Umka plaster.

bear

Warm plaster Mishka is suitable for finishing walls made of any materials, both for exterior and interior work. The thermal conductivity declared by the manufacturer is 0.065 W / (m × ° C) - the same as for Umka UB-21 products, which prompts some reflection on this matter. 7 kg of dry mixture is mixed with approximately 3-3.3 liters of water, the consumption of the solution is approximately 3.5-4 kg/m2 with a 10 mm layer. The cost of a bag (7 kg) is approximately 650 rubles.

Knauf Grünband

Another option for the finished mixture from a well-known manufacturer. You can read more about it.

We prepare warm perlite plaster with our own hands

You probably noticed that all compositions for warm plaster contain components that determine their thermal insulation properties. Most often it is perlite or vermiculite, there are mixtures with polystyrene foam. It is their low thermal conductivity coefficients that make it possible, on average, to obtain good values ​​for finished coatings. By using these additives in addition to or in place of certain fillers such as sand, as well as binders such as gypsum or cement, you can be sure to mix a mixture with the desired properties.

Unfortunately, the prices for ready mixes do not inspire confidence. What if you make your own solution? Moreover, individual components, such as cement, perlite, lime, are relatively inexpensive. For example, a ton of M500 cement can be bought for 3000-4000 rubles, 20 kg bags of slaked lime - 170 rubles each, perlite (grades M75 or M100) - about 1500-2000 rubles. per cube If the amount of work is large, and the budget for the implementation is limited, then it's time to "chemize". We offer you several recipes for making warm perlite plaster with your own hands.

• 1 part of cement per 1 part of sand and 4 parts of perlite (calculated by volume) is mixed with water until the desired consistency is obtained (thick sour cream);
• the proportions of cement and perlite by volume are 1 to 4. So, for 375 kg of cement, approximately 1 cubic meter of perlite sand will be required. The mixture is mixed with 300 liters of water; PVA glue in a volume of 4-5 liters can be used as a plasticizing additive. The glue is kneaded in water, where a dry mixture of perlite and cement is subsequently added;
• volumetric ratios of cement and perlite - 1 to 5. For 290 liters of water, 4-4.5 liters of PVA, 300 kg of cement and a cube of perlite are used;
  - by volume: 1 portion of cement, 2 portions of sand and 3 - perlite. As an additive, liquid soap or PVA can be used in an amount of not more than 1% by weight of cement;
• 270 liters of water will require a cube of perlite and 190 kg of cement;
• 1 volume of cement, 4 volumes of perlite, approximately 0.1% by weight of cement PVA glue;
• volumetric ratio of cement to perlite in the range of 1:4÷1:8. The additive can be liquid soap, dish detergent, PVA - up to 1% by weight of cement;
• pre-prepare a solution for mixing (hereinafter RZ): in a measured volume of water, the sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is dissolved in a volume of 0.5% of the estimated volume of warm plaster, as well as plasticizers - 0.5% by weight of subsequently added cement. All components are thoroughly mixed and the solution is allowed to settle until the viscosity of the CMC increases. Further variations are possible depending on the density of the plaster to be obtained (bucket - 10 l). For example, 12 liters of cement, 2 buckets of perlite, 2.5 buckets of sand are added to 12 liters of RZ (the density of the resulting solution is approximately 1500 kg per cubic meter). For the same volume of RH, 1.5 buckets of sand, 3 buckets of perlite, 1 bucket of cement are poured - a mixture with a density of 1200 kg in a cube is obtained. For 20 liters, you can mix about 5 buckets of perlite, 1 bucket of sand, 12 liters of cement - we get a solution with a density of about 800-900 kg per cubic meter

All these PVA and liquid soap can be replaced with superplasticizers, for example, from Polyplast. This component is very important, because it determines the behavior of the solution and the need for the mixture in the volume of mixing water.

You should understand that any recipes are given for guidance only. To succeed, you will have to experiment with the ratio of components, check the resulting solutions in the work. And only after the mixture is ideally suited specifically for your finishing conditions, you can knead large volumes. Special attention Pay attention to the water absorption capacity of the thermal insulation components. They actively retain moisture, which, if there is a lack of mixing water, may affect the technology of hardening the cement mixture.

Finally

If you do not perceive warm plaster as the only solution for warming a residential building, but only as an opportunity to bring the thermal performance of the building to the desired values, then the result will not be long in coming. Using such a solution, you can simultaneously level the base and give it new properties. And don't be afraid to experiment with making your own plaster - it will be cheaper than buying ready-made mixes!

Putting on a fur coat in winter, we do not forget about a sweater or a vest. Something similar happens to our houses when, instead of the usual finish, heat-insulating plaster is used, from which it is cooler in the house in the heat, and warmer in the cold.

What is thermal insulation plaster

New Construction Materials performing a specific task are being developed in the field of building decoration. The main purpose of using heat-insulating plaster is to ensure a thermal conductivity of not more than 0.175 W / m-K at a bulk density of up to 500 kg / m³. If this condition is not met, the material does not insulate heat sufficiently. Ideally, a plaster coating that retains heat should be analogous to classical facade insulation, that is, it should be strong enough, durable, and fireproof. The developers were able to solve the problem by replacing well-conducting heat fillers with low-heat-conducting components. That is, sand and stone chips in gypsum or cement compositions were replaced by:

• expanded vermiculite;
• foamed glass;
• sawdust;
• straw cutting;
• perlite, etc.

The result is different kinds warm plasters that meet the specified requirements, which differ according to the area of ​​\u200b\u200buse:

• warm plaster for interior work;
• heat-insulating facade (for outdoor use).

In addition, the compositions were modified, giving additional properties, as a result, heat and sound insulating plaster appeared. This type of finish serves as both an acoustical and thermal insulating screen.

Thermal insulation compounds are used both for rough work (leveling) and for finishing.

Another class of components are modifiers. They are added to increase the lifespan, increase the elasticity of the solution, and prevent cracks during drying. Manufacturers use branded plasticizers when creating mixtures. When making the composition with your own hands, detergents or PVA glue, ready-made modifiers available in hardware stores, microfiber are added to it.

Advantages and disadvantages of warm plasters

In order to reduce heat leakage, construction uses various materials: mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, etc. They are laid on the walls from the outside.

Compared with such protection at home, warm compositions have the following advantages:

• simple application that a beginner can handle;
• the material is highly plastic, they can be repaired hard-to-reach places structures;
• surface leveling is not required;
• no need special mount, to improve adhesion, surface wetting is practiced;
• the use of mesh reinforcement not over the entire area, but at the corners and for repairing cracks;
• a high adhesion rate allows you to apply the compositions even on a metal base;
• the material is microporous, which makes it breathable, contributing to the drying of the walls;
• fire safety of most compositions;
• additional benefit - good sound insulation of the insulated room;
• resistance to biodefeats;
• frost-resistant coating, not afraid of temperature fluctuations;
• environmental friendliness;
• use of waste for the production of plaster composition (reduction of the polluting load on nature);
• does not crack from vibrations and does not change under the influence of UV light;
• thin layer application additional insulation when using mineral wool and other heaters.

Warm compositions have their drawbacks:

• compositions are more expensive than heaters (taking into account cheaper work and reduced costs for related materials, such as mesh, the cost is comparable);
• the increased own weight of the coating with the additional load from the absorbed water requires a strong foundation;
• necessary protective covering, since porosity contributes to the rapid absorption of moisture (this minus does not have compositions with foam glass and expanded polystyrene);
• compositions with organic components (sawdust, straw) are limited in use (indoors only);
• the insulation layer is thick, so it dries for a long time;
• some fillers are combustible (polystyrene).

Calculation of the thickness of the layer of warm plaster

To make such a calculation, use SNiP 23-02-2003.

Thermal conductivity of plaster - the ability of the material to conduct heat. If the temperature in the room is higher than the street temperature, then when the heating is turned off, the heat “leaves” outside through the walls (35%) and other structures. The intensity of heat loss depends on the area, the thermal conductivity of the wall material, the temperature difference between street and home, and other parameters. To quantify the thermal conductivity of plaster coatings, λ is used - the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the plaster (as far as it is able to conduct thermal radiation through an area of ​​​​1m2, a layer 1 m thick with a difference of 1 ° C). For example, for plaster compositions, the value of the coefficient λ in descending order (W / (m * ° C)) is as follows:

• cement with sand - 0.93;
• cement-lime with sand - 0.87;
• lime with sand - 0.81;
• clay with sand - 0.69;
• gypsum - 0.35;
• clay with sawdust - 0.29;
• gypsum with perlite - 0.23;
• cement with perlite - 0.3.

The coefficient λ \u003d 1 means that the heat loss will be 1 W for a wall thickness of 1 m. If this indicator is not 1 m, but 20 cm, then the heat loss will be 1: 0.2 \u003d 5 W. If the temperature difference is not 1°C, but 6°C, then the losses will be higher: 5 x 6 = 30 W.

To determine the thermal resistance, the formula R = d / λ is used, where λ (taken from the table), d is the thickness of the material.

For example, heat resistance (R) for a foam concrete wall with a thickness of d = 51 cm

R=0.51/0.3=1.7 (m2*°K)/W.

From the table for external walls, they take the standard value of their resistance to heat transfer for the desired region. For example, for Moscow it is 3.28 (m2 * K) / W, which means design resistance foam concrete in Moscow is not enough for a house wall. And for Sochi (1.79) too.

With thickness d

R=d/ λ or d=R* λ

Using this formula, we calculate d \u003d Ra * λ \u003d 1.58 * 0.23 \u003d 0.363 m or 363 mm. A plaster coating of this thickness does not suit us, so the use of insulation will be optimal.

For Sochi d = (1.79-1.7) * 0.23 = 0.021 m or 21 mm. In this case, for the Sochi region, the thermal conductivity of plaster (gypsum-perlite) is quite sufficient.

Areas of application for warm plaster

Facade walls are not the only place where warm plaster is used for outdoor work. It insulates plinths, floors and ceilings, closes gaps, insulates sewer risers, as well as water supply risers. In addition, they are used as a heater for garages and other auxiliary buildings.

According to the application, the following varieties are produced:

• finishing coatings
• for rough finish.

Varieties of heat-insulating mixtures for plastering

Thermal insulation compounds are classified according to the type of binder: gypsum, cement, etc., as well as the type of insulating filler.

straw based

A material used for a long time is insulating clay plaster with straw cut. Straw in clay coating acts as reinforcement and creates voids.

As a result, the plaster coating can have a large thickness without delamination and cracking. It is applied as a draft layer on the wall along the shingles by hand. The coating is breathable, absorbing excess moisture from the air and returning it when the room is dry. Before applying, the walls are moistened or sprayed with clay mash. The main disadvantage is the long drying time. The main plus is a favorable microclimate, cheapness.

Sawdust based plaster

Sawdust has long been used to insulate homes. They were filled with rubble, ceilings. They were added to clay and lime mixtures for plastering walls. Sawdust retains heat better than wooden beam, since the coefficient of thermal conductivity of sawdust is 0.06 - 0.07 W / (m2 ° C), and wood - 0.18. In terms of heat retention, sawdust is much closer to foam.

Compositions with sawdust can have a different mineral base - clay, gypsum (Armenian plaster: 3 hours of gypsum, 1 hour of sawdust), cement and lime. The main application is indoors. Before mixing the composition, the sawdust is sifted through a sieve with a mesh diameter of 5 mm.

Polystyrene as a filler

A variety of polystyrene - expanded polystyrene - is used for various purposes, for example, as a filler for anti-stress toys, upholstered furniture, pillows for sleep. The material is ultra-light (up to 98% air), does not absorb water, is not food for microorganisms. Applied in cement screeds for floor insulation (1:4:4 - cement / polystyrene granules / sand), as well as a heat-insulating leveling layer (1:3) laid under the screed.

Plaster mixtures with polystyrene are used for work on facades and indoors. Produced on the basis of cement or cement with lime. Although they do not burn, they can release toxic substances when ignited.

Stucco mixture with the addition of foamed glass

Small glass balls (up to 2 mm), which contain air bubbles that are not afraid of water, are perfect for use as a filler for warm facade plasters. Such compositions are easy to fit, retain heat well, do not get wet.

Mixtures based on perlite, vermiculite and expanded clay

Upon contact of volcanic lava, frozen on the ground, with water, obsidian hydroxide is formed - porous rounded granules that look like pearls. Because of this, the hydroxide is called perlite. The granules have a high porosity, which reaches 40%, they are able to absorb water 4 times more than they weigh themselves (hygroscopicity is a disadvantage of such mixtures). For plaster composition (external and internal use) more commonly used expanded perlite.

The mineral group of hydromicas contains vermiculite, which consists of small exfoliating flakes of a brownish-golden color. Vermiculite swells when heated and fills with air. It is used in light concrete compositions and warm plaster mixes. Has antiseptic properties. Perlite and vermiculite absorb odors and water well, so they need finishing plastering.

Expanded clay granules (crumb) are produced by firing some low-melting grades of clay. During firing, light, low heat-conducting granules are formed. different sizes. For warm facade plaster apply granules up to 5 mm in diameter.

Basic rules for applying warm plaster

To make a really heat-insulating plaster screen, you need to follow certain rules:

1. It is important to prepare the base well.
2. To knead the dry mix (SS), the amount of water is taken following the instructions.
3. In a large container, the entire volume contained in the package is mixed with water, so it is guaranteed that in each serving there will be the necessary proportion of the components.
4. SS is poured into the poured water, trying not to dust. The mixture is stirred for 5 minutes with a mixer at slow speeds (the areas close to the sides and to the bottom are treated). Then give the solution 5 minutes to "ripen" and mix for another 2 - 3 minutes.
5. Work quickly, trying to work out all the solution before the end of the life. A mortar that has begun to set for application to the wall is unsuitable.
6. Work is carried out at temperatures above +5°C, below +30°C. Drafts, direct impact sun rays and ingress of rain are unacceptable. During facade work, a canopy is made.
7. Before plastering, de-energize sockets and switches.
8. Goggles are used to protect the eyes.
9. Used beacons are removed after application of the solution. You can’t leave them in the wall, as they serve as cold bridges.
10. The use of primers is necessary to ensure adhesion sufficient to hold the strong plaster coating on the wall.
11. The insulation layer should be no thicker than 25 mm. If a greater thickness is required, several layers are applied intermittently to dry. The surface of the overlapped layers is not smoothed for better adhesion.

Making warm plaster with your own hands

The commercially available SSs are not cheap. There is an alternative. Masters prefer to create solutions of warm plaster with their own hands. All components can be purchased almost for free. Clay or lime can be used as a natural plasticizer. Liquid soap is also suitable, which is added at the rate of 2 - 3 tablespoons per 20 liters of the mixture. In the store you can buy a product for hydrophobization (use according to the instructions).

We offer you several recipes for compositions for thermal insulation.

Recipe 1. Mix for facades:

• 1 part - cement from M400;
• 1 part - expanded polystyrene 1 - 3 mm;
• 3 parts perlite;
• 50 g - polypropylene fiber;
• plasticizer (add according to instructions).

Dry components are mixed and water is added so much that the solution has a paste-like consistency and does not drain from the trowel.

Recipe 2. Mix for rooms:

• 1 part - white cement M400;
• 4 parts - filler (vermiculite or perlite);
• 50 g / bucket of cement - PVA glue or factory plasticizer (adhere to the proportion recommended by the manufacturer);
• water.

Recipe 3. Thermal insulation from perlite-sand mixture:

• 1 volume part of cement;
• 1 part sand;
• 4 parts perlite.

Recipe 4. Warm composition with sawdust and paper (for rooms and facades):

• 1 part - cement;
• 2 parts - paper pulp, soaked in porridge;
• 3 parts - sawdust;
• water.

Recipe 5. Lime-sawdust composition:

• 1 part sawdust;
• 10 - 15 parts of dry slaked lime;
• Water.

Lime is a strong biocidal agent, which is not attacked by rodents, mold and fungus. Quicklime cannot be used with sawdust, as a lot of heat is released during mixing. The solution has a short life, so you need to work out quickly. Dry components are mixed, then cement or other binder is added (if desired). Water is added last.

Recipe 6. Clay with sawdust and straw (for walls):

• 1 hour - clay;
• 2h. - sawdust (or sawdust with straw).

For ceilings and floors, the proportion is 1:10. The solution does not have a shelf life, as water is simply added if necessary.

Video on the preparation and application of warm plaster

Preparatory work

First of all, the wall must be prepared accordingly. The surface is cleaned from the old exfoliated coating, dust-free and coated with a primer. They also neutralize oil stains, remove old wallpaper and paint layers. Decontaminate pockets of mold and decay. Repair cracks and potholes. On wooden surfaces a shingle is nailed, or a mesh is attached. Lighthouses are installed along the plumb line.

Do-it-yourself technology for applying warm plaster

Finish coat

1. The wall is moistened with a spray bottle.
2. The solution is applied in a layer up to 1 cm with a trowel or spatula, pressing the mortar mass against the wall to increase adhesion. This primary layer is not smoothed down. With a large thickness of the coating, a recessed reinforcing mesh is applied to this layer.
3. The second and subsequent main layers (primer) are applied up to 2.5 cm thick. They are leveled (not trying to make them smooth) with a grater.
4. When the total thickness of the coating reaches 4 cm, a second reinforcing mesh is applied. The edges of the mesh sheets are overlapped with an overlap of 10 cm.
5. When filling the entire volume between the beacons, the surface of the upper layer is leveled by the rule.
6. After setting the top layer, the beacons are removed, the remaining grooves are filled with mortar.
7. After the solutions have completely dried, a finishing finish is applied over the rough coating.

Mixture consumption

As a rule, the manufacturer on the packaging reports the average consumption of a centimeter layer of composition per 1 m2. The consumption of the mixture is calculated based on the intended thickness of the plaster coating. The following flow rates correspond to standard volumes:

• for 1m2 with a layer of 2.5 cm you will need 10 - 14 kg;
• the same square 5 cm thick will take 18 - 25 kg.

Reinforcement works

The reinforcing plaster layer is intended for internal strengthening of a thick coating, applying it to the facade insulation, at the joints of layers with different shrinkage characteristics, as well as in the case of plastering a building until its shrinkage is completed. For example, a reinforcing layer is made where part of the wall is made of gas silicate blocks, and part is made of bricks. This section of the plaster coating must be reinforced without fail. It is carried out with a plastic or fiberglass mesh, which has sufficient strength and is not afraid of the internal alkaline environment of the insulating plaster coating. Reinforcement work is carried out inside the solution. A layer of the mixture is applied on the ceilings and walls, then the grid is laid out and recessed. On the walls of the facade on top of the insulation, the work of reinforcing is slightly different. First, a solution is applied with strokes, then a mesh is attached, and then plastered. They work with spatulas and semi-trowels. When the layer dries, the next one is applied on top of it in the usual way.

Manufacturers and prices

The list of companies and the heat-insulating mixtures they produce is long. Of the most popular:

• Umka UB-21 (Ekotermogroup company) is a warm plaster made of lime, cement, sand and foam glass for the northern regions, which needs finishing. Up to 10 cm is applied with reinforcement. Other warming mixtures are UB-212, UF-2.

• Cement Knauf Grűnband is made with polystyrene foam. Permissible layer - up to 30 mm.
• Unis Teplon has a gypsum-perlite composition that does not require finishing.
• Au Benputz Perlit based on Portland cement with perlite filler. Not without a finishing touch.
• Cement mix Teplolux DeLuxe retains heat with the help of foam glass. Also not final.
• Thermo Um is universal - it is used for facades and rooms. The mixture is hygroscopic.

The prices are different. On average, the price of 1 kg of dry mix is ​​in the range of 11 - 21 rubles.

As practice shows, for the main areas of our country, heat-insulating plaster is not yet a panacea. However, its use allows not only to reduce heat loss, but also to reduce the noise level in the premises. For the southern regions, it is an excellent option for warming houses.