More and more people want to live in houses made of natural materials.
The return to them is explained not only by fashion and their harmlessness: natural organic matter seems to be specially adjusted to the life activity of its owners.
After its wear and tear, it is disposed of without polluting the nature and without disturbing its balance either during operation or after.
Among the "surfaced" from the forgotten building materials, a worthy place was taken by wooden shingles, as well as others, seemingly already forgotten due to labor-intensive installation and rather high cost.
Meanwhile, it is shingles that can cover the roof quite economically. It's not as complicated as it might seem. However, a potential roofer will have to stock up not only with diligence and diligence, but also remember a number of forgotten rules.
In the variant with a tail, the tongue-and-groove boards are fixed to the crate and fastened to each other using the tongue-and-groove method.
If non-grooved material is used, that is, parts that are rectangular and trapezoidal in cut, they are connected to each other and fastened directly to the crate by means of nails or self-tapping screws. Such fasteners penetrate through a pair of plates (without a tongue), and enter the lath by two centimeters.
Important note! Sawn material is very much inferior to chipped material in terms of technical and operational qualities. The fact is that when sawing, the natural structure of the wood fiber is violated, and it no longer valiantly resists various negative influences from the outside.
Chips and shingles
Chips and shingles are a simplified and lightweight type of shingle. Between themselves, they differ in thickness and size. For roofing shavings, the length indicators are from 40 to 100 cm, for wood chips they are less. Both chips and shingles can be made independently: by splitting chocks into separate planks of different formats. The log for such chocks must be dried, and it must have an impressive size, otherwise you will get a lot of worthless planks.
If you make them from damp wood, then when drying, individual elements may crack. If the soft core of the log, called sapwood, comes into play, then the boards from it will not last. long time. There should be no defects, knots and cracks on separate parts of the roofing shingle. Alder or aspen is best suited for this, but soft coniferous trees can be used.
Separate tile elements are not mounted tightly, leaving free space to increase in size when wet, so that the planks resting against each other do not swell. When making a shindel, the carpenter takes into account the nature of the arrangement of the annual rings of the tree. Otherwise, when moistened and then dried.
plowshare
This is a special wooden roofing that has become truly legendary. Such carved splendor in Rus' has long been decorated with boyar chambers and wooden churches. Each individual element of the plow cover is a real work of art. They are made by hand and always from aspen.
Moreover, wood should be harvested in a certain period - when the fibers circulate maximum amount juice. It happens in the spring, at its very end. Each individual element looks like a neat spatula with a border, and the material for it must be selected very carefully. This is an expensive roof covering, made in specialized artels for rare or valuable architectural forms.
tes
Tes is a simple coniferous boards that spread on the roof along or across the cornice line.. The latter option is more practical, as it is operated longer. In the center of the boards installed across the boards, a special gutter is made for the outflow of water. they are made of tesa in a run, in two layers, with or without a gap between them.
Fix with one nail. The boards of the lower layer are placed with the core down, the boards of the upper layer are first planed, then laid with the core out. If the laying direction goes along the cornice line, the sheathing board is first fixed, which will be required as an emphasis for the very first row. Each subsequent row must have an overlap of at least 5 cm on the previous one.
Making wood chips or shingles on your own does not require special experience and high qualifications. Such work is quite within the power of even an inexperienced master. Although material that has natural moisture is easier to handle, this should not be done. It is necessary to fold all the logs into a neat stack to dry.
A whole log matures to readiness for about three years.. This period can be shortened by sawing it into 40 cm chocks in advance. Then, after 6-9 months, you can start making shreds. Hard, well dried wood is quite difficult to chip. But for the sake of high-quality and wear-resistant roofing material, it is worth working hard.
Calculation of lumber and estimates for a wooden roof
Of course, it is worth taking care in advance that the material so carefully prepared for laying is enough for the intended area of \u200b\u200bthe wooden roof. It is advisable to calculate the required number of logs in advance. For such calculations, special tables have been developed that can be used.
With their help, it is easy to calculate the number of boards required for laying in a given number of rows with a known slope. The material should be taken with a margin of at least five percent. Suddenly, unsuccessful attempts will spoil some of the material?
The home roofer also focuses on the steepness, size and area of the roof. But first of all, they find out how many plates are required for one square meter coatings.
A thick log four meters long, prepared for shingles, is divided on average into ten chocks. Each of them will make three or four fifteen-centimeter boards.
Precise calibration is not needed here. Approximately seven plates are laid on one meter of the roof along the longitudinal line. From the number of proposed coating layers, further calculations are made. For example, with a three-layer laying used in housing construction, only a third of the element is on the daily surface.
Over verandas, baths and gazebos, wooden tiles are often laid in two layers. That is, the number of harvested plates is doubled, as a result we get fourteen of them. With an overlap of each previous row of ten centimeters, in the case of a two-layer laying, about thirty cm of the board will be visible from under the next row.
It turns out about three rows vertically. If you round and multiply the data obtained, you get about 42 pieces. It is better to round this number up to 50: in any case, the remainder will not be lost. The façade, the pediment are trimmed with shingles, and the inner lining is made of it.
Important note! A roof with tiles can have a rational slope from 55 to 71 degrees. Slope indicators are considered by experienced roofers to be the main determinants of the life of such a coating. The critical limit is the slope of the slopes with an angle of 14-18 degrees. The steeper the slope, the more material it will require.
Roof shingles: laying technology
A roof made of wooden material is considered an element of medium severity.
Roofing shingles have a mass of up to 17 kilograms. She does not need to equip a powerful rafter system. But the crate step must match the fixation step individual elements. Qualified specialists recommend making the crate without gaps, with a continuous flooring.
In the case that we are analyzing now, with a two-layer installation of the shingle, individual laths should be located at a distance of thirty cm. When arranging the finished roof in three layers, to calculate one step of the crate, the value of an individual element must be divided by three, and the resulting number should be rounded down .
Plates are fixed and fixed with special galvanized self-tapping screws for working with wood. You can use special grooved or helical nails for this. The fastening should be no closer than two centimeters to the edge, in the upper corners of the shingles.
Important note! If it is planned to install a roof from wood material with insulation, direct contact of the waterproofing material and the shingle is unacceptable.
With the help of mounting a special counter-lattice between them, a mandatory
Eco-friendly today are becoming increasingly popular. Many owners of suburban areas cover the roofs of their houses, for example, while some owners of residential low-rise buildings use shingles, which is completely exotic for our time, for facing their roofs. Such boards are laid on the roof according to a certain technology, which, of course, cannot be violated.
What is shingle
They call shingles (shingles) wooden planks, having a thickness of about 3-8 mm and a length of 35-50 cm. Shingles are made from an ordinary log. This material is pre-cut into logs of approximately the same size. Further, the latter are actually split into shingles. Thus, the width of each plank is obtained approximately equal to the width of the log block.
Shingles are laid on the roof using approximately the same technology as any other piece material. In the old days, a wooden shingle roof was usually assembled by connecting elements according to the tenon / groove principle. Today, for the installation of such roofs, in most cases, galvanized nails are used.
Features of material selection
Effective protection of the attic and a long service life - this is, of course, what distinguishes a roof covered with shingles. In the photos presented on the page, you can see how reliable such a roof looks.
However, in order for this type of roof to be durable, for it, of course, you need to choose good material. Only the highest quality wood should be used for shingles. From the middle of logs, for example, planks are not allowed to be made. Also, wood with knots, signs of rot or cracks is not suitable for shingles.
In ancient times, shingles were made mainly of oak or larch. Today given material also used quite often. The popularity of shingles from such wood is due to its excellent performance and very long term services. However, oak and larch in our time, unfortunately, are quite expensive. Therefore, in most cases, for the manufacture of shingles, the owners country houses still use cheaper pine. The shingles of this material also turns out to be quite reliable and durable. But its service life is shorter than that of oak or made from larch.
In addition, aspen shingles are very popular with owners of country houses. This material, like oak, is also durable.
Varieties of wooden tiles
Planks can be used for the manufacture of roofs:
rectangular;
trapezoidal;
« dovetail».
Wooden shingles of complex shape are usually called shingles proper. Wood chips can also be used for roof sheathing. This material is a simplified version of wooden tiles - rectangular planks up to 1 m long.
Sometimes a spindle and a plowshare are used for sheathing roofs. The first type of material in appearance resembles a tile. The plowshare can have a very different shape and is a real work of art. It was this type of wooden tile that used to cover the roofs of the towers of rich princes, as well as churches. These were actually very beautiful shingle roofs. In the photo below you can see such a spectacular dome.
How is shingles made and how much does it cost
Acquire shingles in our time, usually already in ready-made. At the enterprises, this material is made using special machines.
Laying shingles on the roof these days is considered quite prestigious. Accordingly, such material, in comparison with many modern ones, is quite expensive. In order to buy a square meter of such cladding, the owner of the house will have to spend about 600-700 rubles. The shingles are laid on the roof in most cases in 3-5 layers. That is, in fact, a square meter of such a lining will cost 1800-3500 rubles.
Is it possible to do it yourself
The price of a finished shingle is quite high. Therefore, many owners of country houses would like to know if it is possible to make this material on their own. Of course, you can make a shingle with your own hands. After all, this is how it was made from the very beginning - in the old days.
The technology for cutting shingles looks like this:
the log is sawn into logs 40-45 cm long;
chocks are cut into planks of the required size;
dry shingles in the sun.
It is believed that best time for making shingle with your own hands is spring. It is impossible to dry shingles in the shade. Otherwise, it may rot. To make the shingle roof look more aesthetic in the future, the craftsmen advise chamfering each plank on both sides at an angle of 45 degrees (in one direction).
What tools are needed for cladding
To cover the roof with shingles, you should prepare:
Guide board.
Galvanized nails or self-tapping screws in large quantities.
Roof preparation
Like any other protective material, shingles are laid on the roof along the crate. As the latter, a beam with a section of 50 x 50 or 60 x 60 cm is usually used. The crate is installed in increments equal to 1/3 of the length of the wooden tile itself.
It is believed that it is not necessary to waterproof shingle roofs. In any case, the traditional installation technology of this material does not, of course, involve the use of roofing felt or film. However, many experienced builders waterproofing of roofs of this type is still advised to do. But this procedure is performed in most cases not in the usual way, as when using modern materials, but directly at the stage of shingling the roof.
How to determine the required number of layers
Wood is an environmentally friendly material, but, unfortunately, it is still somewhat moisture permeable. The shingle itself has a slight thickness. Therefore, for more reliable protection the interior space of the house is shingled and laid on the roof in several layers. The number of the latter is determined by the angle of inclination of the roof slopes:
up to 45 degrees - in 3-5 layers;
more than 45 degrees - in 2-3 layers.
Roofs with a slope angle of less than 14 degrees are not recommended to be sheathed with shingles.
Laying technology without waterproofing
In this case, they begin to assemble the roof from shingles with their own hands from the eaves, gradually moving towards the ridge. The evenness of the masonry is achieved with the help of a guide board. In the first row, which is often made double, an overhang should be made from shingles.
Lay the boards in a row, usually just next to each other. Each element is nailed with two nails in the middle along the length. At the same time, fasteners are located at a distance of at least 2 cm from the edge of each plank. The overlap is made along the guide board, in accordance with its width (usually leaving 15 cm from the bottom). But in any case, each subsequent row should overlap the nails of the previous one. Also, when calculating the pitch, it is worth considering the length of the shingle and the width of the slope. Otherwise, in the last row it will have to be cut with a circular saw.
It is impossible to lay boards tightly to each other when sheathing the roof. Leave a small gap between them. Otherwise, when swelling during rain, the planks may subsequently warp. After the laying of the first layer of shingles, it is usually necessary to trim the edges of the resulting coating from the side of the gables with a saw. When laying each subsequent layer, it is necessary to cover the gaps of the previous one.
How to cover the roof with shingles using a waterproofer
For additional protection roofs in this case are usually used roll materials. The waterproofing agent is pre-cut into strips with a width equal to the length of the planks. Work when facing a roof with waterproofing is carried out in the usual manner. However, in this case, after stuffing, each row is covered with a strip of roofing material.
Rules for the installation of chimneys on the roof of shingles
There are many benefits to shingle roofing. Such a coating is able to maintain optimal temperature regime in the attic, looks very aesthetically pleasing and can last for many years. However, shingle roofs also have some drawbacks. The main disadvantage of such coatings is the low fire resistance.
Mount shingles on the roof in the area of the chimney should be in compliance with fire safety. Laying boards close to the pipe is not allowed. Be sure to leave gaps between the chimney and the lining. The latter are subsequently closed with a tin apron with an overlap. In the case of using a thick shingle, this element is mounted even before the planks are laid.
What is worth knowing
When out of shingles, among other things, the following rules should be observed:
the first and last rows on the slope should be laid from boards that are shorter than the main material;
it is not recommended to sheathe the edges along the pediments and cornices with tinplate when using shingles for cladding.
On the ridge of the roof, trimmed with shingles, splinter is often laid. It is a log for the entire length of the roof with longitudinal groove, under which the ends of the boards of the upper row are wound.
The roof is the main finishing element of each building. Roofing is the protection of the internal space of the building from the influence environment. Wooden shingles are the best natural roofing. From well-made roofing works depends not only on the operation of the entire building and its durability, but also on human comfort.
Types of wood roofing
Roof coverings made of wood are divided into types depending on the technological processes of production, configuration and installation method.
Shingle
This is the ancestor of all types of wooden tiles. The coating is wooden plates, the longitudinal section of which can be of various geometric shapes. It is worth noting that shingle, which is made by sawing wood, is valued less than chipped shingle. When sawing the material, the structure of the tree is disturbed, which entails a decrease in resistance to external factors.
Wooden tiles are fixed to the crate with the help of self-tapping screws or nails, which connect two plates together and enter the crate to a depth of 2 cm.
Shingles and chips
This is a simplified version of the shingle, which has different sizes plate length and thickness. The length of one board ranges from 40 cm to 1 m, the size of the wood chips is smaller.
Wooden tiles of this type are made by splitting chocks into plates of various sizes. The wood for the plates must be thick and dried, otherwise many planks will not be suitable for laying. When using a log with a moisture content of up to 18% for the manufacture of wooden tiles, there is a risk of cracks on the material after complete drying.
Not used in the manufacture of material soft center logs (sapwood), such boards do not withstand long-term operation. In the finished wooden tile, there should be no defects, not only in the form of cracks or holes, but also cracks and knots.
Such wooden tiles are made mainly from hardwoods, softwoods are rarely used due to their softness. The shingles on the roof are mounted in a checkerboard pattern in layers, while the overlap of the plates is performed both in the horizontal and vertical directions.
Shindel
This wooden tile is small size chipped boards. The plates are overlapped on the roof, and you should not follow the staggered order of the elements.
The shindel is fixed with the displacement of the planks. This type of wooden tile is not rigidly attached to the crate, there should be a small screw. Due to this, it is possible for the material to increase in size when in contact with moisture without swelling, the plates do not rest against each other.
In the manufacture of shingles are used hardwoods trees, Special attention is given to how the structural rings of wood are arranged. Due to the violation of manufacturing technology, with repeated drying and moistening, wooden tiles warp in various directions.
plowshare
This type of wooden tile looks like a blade with a carved edging. For the manufacture of the plowshare, only aspen is used. Each board is a work of art, created by hand by the skilled hands of a master. Technological process manufacturing involves the use of only hand tools.
Harvesting wood for this type of wooden tile is carried out in the phase of active circulation most juice in fibers. It takes a lot of time and material to make a share, so the plates are expensive. Aspen over time, under the influence of heat, acquires strength equal to stone, and a silvery color.
tes
Coniferous boards, the installation of which is carried out on the roof along or across the cornice line. Fixing the board across is more practical, the material lasts much longer.
To drain water, a gutter is formed in the center of the boards. The roof is laid from tesa in several layers, while there should be a gap. Such material is fastened with nails. Boards that will be in upper layers, are polished from all sides and are located with the core of the wood out. Therefore, the boards of the lower layers do not need to be sanded, when laying the core goes down.
When choosing the direction of laying the material along the cornice line, the installation of boards begins with fixing the sheathing (finishing) board, from which the row is laid. The boards are fixed with an overlap of 5 cm for each subsequent row, which is laid on the previous one.
Calculation of the amount of material for the roof
Before performing a roof with wooden tiles, it is important to perform an approximate calculation of the amount of material. There are special tables for calculating the number of plates. Please note that the number of planks may vary depending on the laying method and the size of the plate.
It is recommended to purchase wooden tiles with a margin of up to 10% of the original quantity. The volume of wood material is calculated not only by the size of the total roof area, but by the steepness of the upper enclosing structure. The use of wooden roof elements (shingles, shingles) of various lengths depends on these factors.
Before purchasing wooden tiles, you should calculate how many plates are required to cover one m 2. When calculating the amount of material for the roof, the size of the wooden tile is taken into account: length - 40 cm, thickness 9-10 mm at the thick end and 5-6 mm at the thin end. Such tiles are used for roofs ranging from 100 to 500 m2. When calculating a wooden roof, it is taken into account that laying is carried out in three layers, so 75-80 boards will be needed to cover m 2 of the roof. The calculation is made for roofs with a slope of 18 to 90 degrees.
The number of wooden tiles for roofing depends on the number of layers of potential coverage. IN construction stores finished wooden tiles are packed in such a way that the plates from one package are enough to cover an area of 1 m 2 with several layers.
To calculate the roof area, a standard mathematical formula is used to calculate the area of \u200b\u200bfigures.
Pros and cons of wood shingles
Tiles made of wood during installation require scrupulous work due to the fastening of each element separately. All types of wood roofing have the principle of "spruce cone". When wet, the plates swell, due to which the planks close into a barrier that prevents water from penetrating into the inner layers of the roof. When dried, wooden tiles bend slightly, the plates rise in the shape of a dome, while air circulates freely in the roof gaps and under-roof space. There are processes of waterproofing and ventilation. Due to this property, wooden tiles do not provide additional work for laying waterproofing layers.
Wooden roofs have a number of advantages.:
- There are no corrosion processes.
- The material is durable, with proper care, the plates have a service life of more than 50 years.
- There is a balance between temperature and humidity.
- Natural, environmentally friendly material.
- Noise and heat insulation.
- Possibility of use in various climatic conditions, at temperatures from +40 to -70 degrees.
- Tiles made of wood differ from other roofing materials in the smaller mass of both a single element and a full-fledged roof covering. This feature allows during construction not to use additional metal elements in the roof slab, while a simple foundation is sufficient.
The tree has several disadvantages:
- The material is prone to geometric deformations under the influence of temperature and moisture. When working with wood shingles, laying requirements must be observed.
- It ignites quickly, but this problem is solved through the use of fire-retardant impregnations (flame retardants).
- After laying requires additional protective coating.
How to make wooden tiles with your own hands?
If desired, you can make wooden tiles yourself. At home, such types of tiles as shingles or wood chips are made: special skills and qualifications of the carver are not needed to create them.
For the manufacture of high-quality wooden roofing, use wood with natural humidity Not recommended. It is necessary to prepare logs. For this, the wood is dried for about 3 years. To speed up the drying process, the wood can be sawn into chocks, while the minimum length of the base should be 40 cm. In this case, the wood is ready for use after 6 months, but it is recommended not to rush and withstand the material for 9 months.
Splitting dry wood is difficult, it is necessary to apply maximum physical effort. Dry wooden tiles have a high degree of wear resistance. Each stump needs to be split into separate plates, while splitting the tree needs to be done in layers. A plank made in this way is less hygroscopic, and its service life is long.
After that, it is necessary to process the ends of the plates and adjust their size as accurately as possible to each other. Separately, you need to process the edge of the plate, which will be under the adjacent plank. Finally, a drainage channel (drip) is formed on the wooden tile. Do-it-yourself wooden tiles can save a lot of money and make a roof according to a special project.
IN Lately the use of wooden tiles in roofing work is in demand. The material has unique properties and at first glance it seems short-lived and fragile, however, wooden tiles perfectly protect the structure and give the building an aesthetic appearance.
Useful video about making wooden tiles with your own hands
An increasing number of people are striving to make their homes natural. Moreover, we have materials that our ancestors used. The first one is wood. Many technologies have come down to us from them. So, for example, when installing log cabins, we still use the techniques that were developed centuries ago. The roof was no exception. Today, wooden roofs can be seen more and more often not only on old houses or domes, but also on solid houses and baths. AND wooden buildings, and timber roofing, are becoming increasingly popular, even as new, faster, and much cheaper technologies emerge.
With the manufacture of roofing and roofing wooden materials will take a long time to travel. And the wooden roofing materials themselves take a long time to make, and the flooring of such a roof is a long process. But everything can be done with your own hands, with an ax, a hammer and a pair of blades. Of course, it will take a lot of time, patience and wood.
From the name it is clear that this type of natural roofing material was once torn by hand. They did this with a long wedge-shaped blade and a hammer or mallet, which they hit on the blade.
Used when working with the blade wood conifers: it is softer and pricks more easily. At the same time, smooth trunks without knots were chosen, which were kept for drying for at least 3 years. After that, they sawed them into logs about 40 cm long. They removed the bark from them and began to make shreds.
But shingles are not only coniferous, they are made from aspen and linden. Their wood is denser, you can’t split it with your hands. To do this, they used a special "machine" - mahalo. These are two logs large diameter(12-16 cm), fastened together with a pivot. On the lower one, a device was made for jamming logs, on the upper one, a blade was attached horizontally. The distance from the blade to the log determines the thickness of the blade.
This is a fragment of the work of the "machine" - mahala You can chip on dry wood, or soaked. To make it easier to make thin shreds - no more than 3 mm, prepared logs were soaked overnight.
The prepared block of wood was fixed in a transverse position, after which the upper log began to be waved from side to side. The blade first cuts the wood, and then it breaks off along the fibers. To make it easier to wave, you can tie a rope to the handle, throw it over your shoulder. So the hands fall lower, and it is easier to work.
It is in appearance that one can distinguish shingles made manually or on a machine. At hand made the upper part turns out to be even - the blade cut, and the lower part is wavy - as if torn off along the fibers. Made on machine tools, it has a smooth and smooth surface along the entire length.
If we talk about which is better - manual or factory-made, then preference is given to manual. Although it is not ideal (many people like imperfection), it lasts longer. The fact is that when splitting, the fibers are not destroyed, and therefore such a shingle can, as they say, stand for 100 years. In sawn, the fibers are cut, water flows into them and the decomposition process begins.
Way and order of laying
Masters say that correct styling no additional layers are needed. After all, shingles fit into three to five layers. So no rain can wet it. Wood itself copes remarkably well with both waterproofing and ventilation. Films will only interfere with natural ventilation.
The shingles are approximately 35-45 cm long, 5-12 cm wide, and 3-8 mm thick. It is stacked in several layers one on top of the other. Layers are from three to five. The colder the region, or the stronger the winds, the thicker the roof should be.
Depending on how many layers there will be, choose the step of the crate. It, in principle, can be solid, but with gaps of 5 mm between the slats - for good ventilation.
It is convenient to align the edge along the lace stretched from edge to edge. The planks are stacked one to the other, sometimes with a slight approach. Each is nailed with a roofing nail, preferably galvanized. When the use of tribute was widespread, special nails were made of a smaller thickness than the usual ones. Before use, they were boiled in drying oil. Such fasteners have not rusted for decades. 
The shingles are laid from the bottom / up, the first row is along the cornice overhang. It should go beyond the crate (stick out) by 3-5 cm. So the shingles will also protect the crate, otherwise it will darken from moisture and may begin to rot. Planks of different widths need to be alternated, so the thickness of the roof will be more uniform.
Turn the shingles so that the fibers look down. So the water will roll, and not flow into the wood. If done incorrectly, it will quickly turn black and fall apart. The direction of the fibers is clearly visible if the board is slightly bent.
Shorter boards are placed under the shingles of the first row. If this is not done, it will turn out bent down. Therefore, there, firstly, an additional beam is nailed (if the crate is not continuous), and secondly, two additional layers are laid. How it looks can be seen in the photo.
Having reached the ridge, the shingles are cut to the required size. After all the necessary dies have been fixed, the skate is closed with two long boards.
Shingle and shingle roofing
It can be distinguished from all other wooden roofing materials by its triangular profile: one side of the plank is decently thicker than the other. To obtain this shape, the wood is split in the radial direction.
This shingle has a triangular profile and a groove at the wider end. On the thickened side, a wedge-shaped recess is made into which the narrow edge of the next plank is inserted. Thus, a very reliable roof is obtained. Roofing on residential buildings is done in two layers, over outbuildings - in one.
The dimensions of the shingles are approximately the same: 30-45 cm long, 6-12 cm wide. It is not easy to determine the thickness due to the triangular shape.
Gaunt is also sawn and chipped. Sawn is less durable, although it looks more neat. Larch and spruce showed themselves best in the operation of such roofs. Slightly worse - pine and aspen.
Under the crate, bars 50 * 50 mm or 60 * 60 mm are used. And all because the weight turns out to be considerable, especially if it is covered with shingles in two layers.
It is not necessary to use a shingle that is too dry: when wet, it can swell and lose its tightness. If the wood is too dry, it is soaked for several hours before laying. Only the purchased material cannot be mounted immediately: not all grooves and ridges will fit together. Therefore, it is first sorted out and trimmed.
Laying starts from the roof overhang. A board is nailed to the eaves, it should protrude a little - the first row of wooden tiles will rest against it. It is laid from shortened boards - 30 cm, at the top it is attached to the first bar of the crate. The second row is laid so as to overlap the joint of the first, and the nail head must also be closed (it is also desirable to find them thinner than usual, but with a wide hat).
There are many ways to lay the shingle, in any case it looks very decorative. Sometimes it is painted, but then the coloring must be carried out before laying. Without treatment, the wood will soon turn gray, but it does not lose its water-repellent properties. Our ancestors to keep appearance roofs, impregnated it with melted resin. The question is where to get enough resin today.
Shindel
This is one of the options for shingles, but with its own characteristics. He came to us from Europe. It is made from sawlogs of large diameter - from 40 cm to 805 cm. More often - from larch. Trunks without knots are divided into blocks, from which the sapwood is removed. Then they are divided into quarters, each of them into chopping blocks. Already the block with a blade and a mallet is divided into a shindel - wood plates from 6 to 15 mm thick.
Then each plate is trimmed so that the ends are even and the planks fit snugly. But that is not all. Now the part that will lie under the upper rows is cut off - it becomes thinner. The outer edge of the plank may also change. It is either chamfered at about 45 ° or given one of the shapes.
After the shingle is finished, it is bundled and left to dry. Ideal humidity for styling is about 25%.
It turns out that each board is processed manually, and repeatedly. It is clear that such roofing material is not cheap. Is it possible to do it yourself? Basically, you can. But it will take a lot of time.
plowshare
It is too handmade, but even more complex: the share has a non-linear shape. It is made specifically to decorate the domes of churches and chapels.
There are special patterns for each row of wooden tiles. The process is also not easy. How they do it today in one of the monasteries, see the video.
Plank roof
Tes - coniferous boards, which were also initially pricked, and then hewn with axes (hence the name) to more or less even sizes. It behaves normally when the roof slope is from 18° to 45°.
Today, you can also find chopped wood or make it yourself, and then cover the roof of the bath. The technology does not differ from those described above, only in the size of the blocks: they should be around a meter. The size of the tesa is about a meter long, 15-20 cm wide. It is better not to make it wider: they warp more and crack more often. Often one or two grooves are made on the front surface of the boards, through which rainwater flows.
Split the wood along the radius - from the edges to the center. Then all the irregularities that formed during the split are removed with an ax. The side and end faces of the boards are aligned.
Two installation methods:
- Two rows of boards, closely fitted one to the other. The top row is laid so as to overlap the seams of the first.
- Vacuum laying. Tes is not laid close, but retreating ½ or 2/5 of the width. The second row is laid on top. This method is more economical, but it is more likely to get a current roof during shrinkage.
But when laying the tesa with your own hands, there are tricks. The first row of boards is laid with the convexity of annual rings up, the second - on the contrary, down. The first row is fastened with a nail in the middle, the second - with two along the edges. So when drying out and warping, a more even roof will turn out.
The roof made of shingles in the last century was the most popular and common type of roofing due to the lack of more practical and reliable waterproofing materials than wood. By the advent of more than 100 years wood flooring has not lost its relevance and is still used by people who value, first of all, the environmental friendliness and safety of the material. The shingle roof manufacturing technology is a legacy of ancient Russian architects, which was kept and passed from mouth to mouth by craftsmen for a long time, so that now we can make a light, strong and durable coating for our home with our own hands.
Shingled roofing is one of the oldest roof covering methods and uses thin wooden chocks laid in several overlapping layers to form an airtight waterproofing layer. It is made from aspen or pine wood, which during the production of blanks is cut into plates of the same size. wooden roof fit with minimal slope 15 degrees, compared with metal and polymer counterparts, it has the following advantages:
- A light weight. The shingle coating is light in weight due to the qualities of the wood and the small thickness of the plates. This quality reduces the load on truss frame and building foundation.
- Low thermal conductivity. A wooden shingle roof retains heat well inside the building in winter, and also does not allow the room to heat up during high solar activity.
- High noise absorbing ability. The shingle coating does not resonate when drops fall during rain or hail, so it is considered almost silent.
- Affordable price. The shingle laying technology is quite simple, so you can do this kind of roofing yourself without spending money on hiring a professional team.
Note! The disadvantages of shingle roofing are considered to be a relatively short service life compared to more modern counterparts. In addition, it is a fire hazard, so it is not used to cover buildings with a high risk of fire without mandatory flame retardant treatment.
Chock preparation
To make a high-quality and durable roof from shingles, you need to prepare with your own hands or buy thin wooden blanks, most often called chocks. The plates that make up the shingle roof are made from pine, spruce, hardwood or aspen wood, peeled, in one of 2 two ways:
- Manually. To make chocks for making a roof from shingles with your own hands, you need to buy even logs, and then split them into 2 halves and cut out the core. All that remains after cutting the core is split into thin plates about the same size.
- Industrial. The industrial technology for making shingles is different in that the log is divided into logs bigger size, which allows you to make the chocks longer to make it easier to cover the slopes of a large area.
Important! Although the price of industrially made shingles is not that high, it is better to make your own chocks for shingle roofing. The fact is that manually the blanks are made by splitting, and not by sawing, in which the structure of the wood fibers is broken.
Requirements for the crate
Finished wooden roof- a multi-layer waterproofing coating, consisting of separate elements that overlap each other. Although shingle flooring is very light, its installation requires a strong and secure base. There are two types of lathing for wooden roofing:
- Solid. A continuous crate consists of individual slats or wooden blocks of square section, laid without gaps.
- Sparse. A sparse crate is also made of slats, boards or wooden blocks, however, they are fixed in increments of 5-10 cm, which makes it easier to design and save materials.
Experienced craftsmen argue that vapor-permeable waterproofing must be laid on top of the rafters in order to protect the roof frame from water penetration, but at the same time not to deprive the structure of "breathing".
The technology of laying roofing from aspen or coniferous shingles is a monotonous and long process, which, nevertheless, can be done by hand. A wooden roof can consist of 2-5 layers of chocks. To cover non-residential or utility buildings, a two-layer coating is sufficient, and for residential buildings, a multi-layer roof and overlap by a third, a quarter or a fifth of the chock are required. The sequence of shingle roof construction is as follows:
- First, chocks are prepared. To do this, remove the bark from the logs, cut out the core, and then divide the remaining logs into thin plates of the same size.
- On rafter legs laid out with sagging waterproofing material, and then attach it to the frame with a construction stapler.
- On top of the waterproofing perpendicular to the rafters, a solid or sparse crate of edged board or bars.
- Laying chocks start from the bottom row of the roof. The boards are fixed with special nails 60-80 mm long, boiled in drying oil to prevent splitting of the material.
- The second row is laid with the overlap of the first so as to protect the seams between the planks from moisture leakage.
Please note that in case of breakage or leakage, a wooden roof is easily repaired. To do this, it is necessary to carefully dismantle the damaged chock and replace it with a new one.
Video instruction
