Glue for plywood to plywood. How to glue plywood to plywood? Which plywood glue to choose? How to glue plywood sheets together

I always use “epoxy”, that is, epoxy glue, or as it is also called, epoxy resin. The adhesive is quickly prepared for use, consisting of a resin and a hardener, and is easy to apply. The result is a beautiful, translucent, amber-like seam. The packaging is convenient, compact, and the price is not expensive.

True, at the present time the market is filled with all kinds of glue for gluing plywood, although in my opinion, if you follow the instructions on the packaging, you can always glue plywood using the ordinary and popular “Moment” glue. The decisive factors when using these types of glue are the compression force of the surfaces to be glued, as well as the duration of gluing. The moment is quite elastic, unlike solid epoxy resin, and is well suited where there is vibration or deformation.

As for modern species, then these include synthetic glue based on PVA emulsion, resins and other components. Here is his photo:

The following specialized rubber adhesive, which is called “For plywood”, is also suitable:

It is noteworthy that all these types of glue are used for both parquet and plywood. Therefore, by and large, any adhesive for parquet or for flooring.

The procedure for gluing plywood yourself is as follows:

• Treatment of joints and the adjacent surface of the material in order to degrease and remove remaining dust and dirt.
• If you want to glue laminated sheets, the next step is to sand the material to get rid of the slippery laminated surface over the entire joint area. Or make it rougher.
• Before gluing, take care to thoroughly dry the sheets.
• Apply glue to the adhesive surface using a roller for greater uniformity of the product.
• Apply special clamps to ensure a fixed and tight fit of the parts to be glued.

  How to glue plywood sheets together

  Attention! When gluing large parts additional connection is required using self-tapping screws and/or nails.

• Remove excess glue using a rag or knife.
• After the adhesive has completely dried, remove the clamps.

Are you ready to start solving the problem in a practical way? Then prepare following materials and tools:

• Nails and/or screws;
• A sanding machine with an appropriate attachment or sanding paper;
• Clamps;
• Hammer;
• Rags;
• Glue;
• Roller.

What glue should I use?

To answer this question correctly, first decide how large pieces of plywood you want to join and how to use it after gluing.

For gluing construction (rough) plywood that does not have a facing layer, any adhesive composition is suitable. The main thing when joining is to clean and degrease the surfaces of the sheets to be glued together as efficiently as possible.

When gluing large sheets to each other after applying the glue, the workpieces are pressed using temporary clamps.

If when gluing plywood it is important not to disturb the texture and color of the material, but to ensure a reliable connection, we recommend using PVA if the workpieces will be used indoors in the future. If we are talking about external use, then epoxy or phenol would be ideal.

To ensure a strong and reliable connection of workpieces, it is important not only to choose the right glue, but also to use it correctly. Because violation of technical regulations is fraught with the risk of all the qualities of the adhesive composition not working.

• Easy to use, suitable for household needs;
• Provides reliable fastening;
• Resistant to moisture;
• Inert to the effects of fungus and mold;
• Color and composition that do not disturb the composition.

Which glue is better: based on liquid glass or polyurethane?

A universal adhesive composition based on liquid glass, guarantees high moisture resistance adhesive connection, as well as inertness to sudden temperature changes. This composition is ideal for gluing plywood to the floor, fiberboard or chipboard, as well as tiles or glass.

Polyurethane-based adhesive is moisture-resistant, does not deteriorate under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, provides excellent sound insulation, and dries quickly. Two-component polyurethane adhesive suitable for gluing laminated or varnished surfaces.

Selecting glue based on plywood brand

Here it is important to proceed from the category of joint strength that needs to be obtained, as well as air humidity during further operation of the structure.

If the product after gluing will be in a well-dry and ventilated area, then synthetic glue, PVA or protein-based glue will be perfect.

For plywood products that will be used both inside and outside, use synthetic glue.

Moisture-resistant plywood is better bonded with compounds based on urea resin.

How to glue plywood

How to glue plywood

Most modern flooring is laid on a subfloor rather than directly on concrete. One of the most popular types of substrate is plywood. It is attractive due to its ease of installation and affordable price, we should also not forget about the important fact that This - natural material . Its popularity is evidenced by the fact that manufacturers have begun producing a moisture-resistant type for use in bathrooms. Also, the sanded variety on one side is gaining great popularity, which facilitates installation under the final floor covering.

Choosing the right substrate is not enough, the main thing is to choose good glue for gluing plywood to concrete. It depends on it how firmly the sheets will stick to the floor, how quickly everything will dry and you can move from preliminary work to final work.

Types of glue

The huge assortment presented on the shelves of construction stores can be divided into several main types:

• on water based;
• polyurethane;
• epoxy.

These types of glue for plywood on concrete floors differ in price , composition, consumption and drying time.

PVA glue for plywood

Water-based, it is also called water-dispersion (the most popular in this series is PVA) and has a number of undeniable advantages: safe, non-toxic, affordable, suitable for moisture-resistant plywood, it can even be applied to a damp screed.

But besides its advantages, it also has its disadvantages:

• takes a long time to dry (up to 7 days for large volumes);
• only suitable for interior work in heated rooms (there is an option marked D with frost-resistant additives, but its price is much higher);
• the fastening of the base to the flooring is not very strong, so the sheets must be screwed with self-tapping screws until they dry completely;
• When using this type of glue, the floor must be fairly level, the difference cannot be more than 2 mm.

Polyurethane adhesive has high strength, viscosity and ductility. It can be either two-component or one-piece.

Two-component adhesive for plywood on concrete floors has a high viscosity (applied with a comb trowel). This is both an advantage and a disadvantage. On the one hand, it sets in literally half an hour, but on the other, it cannot be prepared in large portions “in reserve,” as it quickly dries out and becomes unusable.

The solid version takes much longer to dry, so it does not harden during installation. Complete drying takes 36 - 48 hours, and the strength of the resulting layer exceeds concrete and can withstand changes up to +55 ° C.

Installation of plywood with glue

The disadvantages include:

1. high toxicity, but harmful substances are released only during installation, after hardening it becomes safe;
2. two-component mixtures harden too quickly, which creates inconvenience during the work process.

Epoxy adhesive for plywood on concrete floor , also consists of two components that must be mixed before installation. Complete drying occurs after 4-5 days, but walking on plywood covering possible in a day.

Read the topic: how to properly lay plywood on a concrete floor.

When laying, harmful substances are also released into the air (due to the alcohol base, the smell is rich and pungent), so you need to work in compliance with safety precautions. Safety glasses, gloves and a respirator must be present, no matter what glue you used to glue the plywood to the concrete floor.

But there are a few general rules:

1. The concrete must first be cleaned of construction debris and other contaminants (vacuum or wet clean if necessary).
2. It is advisable to prime it before work - this will reduce the consumption of raw materials and improve adhesion to the surface. For these purposes, both a primer (regular or water-repellent, for damp rooms) and the glue itself are suitable. It must be diluted and applied in a thin layer to the prepared surface.
3. Although only PVA and its water-based analogues require additional fastening, when working with the rest, for better adhesion, it is also advisable to press the sheets with something to the floor (put them under pressure) until completely dry.
4. It is best to cut the sheets into 0.5x0.5 squares, so they will fit better without creating cavities in uneven areas. Such squares are laid in a checkerboard pattern, or simply offset.
5. It is necessary to leave between the sheets technological gap 2 – 5 mm.
6. Depending on the condition of the surface (cracks, unevenness, contamination) and the selected type of glue, the consumption will be 0.5 - 1.5 kilograms per square meter.

Laying plywood on a concrete floor

The PVA label often says “consumption from 0.25 kilograms per square meter,” but don’t get your hopes up. This type of glue must be coated not only on the concrete base, but also applied to the sheet. Therefore, when calculating consumption, the numbers indicated on the label should be multiplied by two.

Price

Glue for plywood on concrete floors can be purchased at any hardware store.

The most affordable option is the water-based one.

What glue is best for plywood

PVA will cost somewhere around 60-100 rubles per kilogram, depending on the region and volume of purchase. Polyurethane and epoxy are approximately the same in price, but are an order of magnitude more expensive than water-based ones. Here the price per kilogram will be from 200 to 600 rubles, depending on the manufacturer and region.

When working, you should remember that incorrectly selected adhesive for plywood on a concrete floor can significantly complicate the installation process and significantly worsen the result.

Detailed information in this video.

It is very important that the floor in the apartment is warm and comfortable. Therefore, its installation begins with laying plywood, which will act as a base and can ensure its stability and strength. This material, consisting of several layers of veneer made from wood coniferous trees, is predisposed to various types of fastening. It can be mounted using screws, nails or bolts. But if you choose glue for this purpose, the work will be much simpler and the result will be of high quality.

General issues

To the question whether plywood can be glued, today there is a clear positive answer. Since developed different kinds glue, which, if chosen correctly, can be used to glue plywood to any base. It will firmly connect to concrete, wood, plastic and even metal. Gluing is a fairly easy manipulation that can be done by anyone without any prior skills. Such a floor will be resistant to moisture and will not age. This technology can also be used when installing heated floors.

Dispersion glue

There are several types of different glues on the modern market. In order to figure out which one is suitable in a particular case, you need to consider their characteristics.

When deciding which glue to use for plywood, you can choose an environmentally friendly dispersion glue that is odorless and has no harmful fumes. People call it PVA glue. It consists of a white suspension, which includes crushed particles of polyvinyl acetate and water.

It qualitatively connects the plywood to the base. But, despite all the above advantages, it also has a number of disadvantages. These include:

• mandatory additional fastening using dowels and self-tapping screws;
• hardening for at least 1 week.

Before use, it is diluted with water or a special primer is added to it. For gluing 1 sq. m of plywood you need a little more than one kilogram.

To the question whether it can be used in children's institutions, offices, apartments - the answer is definitely positive.

Alcohol glue

If you need to do the work quickly, then for installation use one-component glue, which is also called alcohol glue. It is based on artificial resins and solvents, so it has a strong, pungent odor that requires the use of a respirator when working and long-term ventilation of the room. Before applying it concrete screed must be primed. Additional fastening is desirable. But at the same time, this glue has a number of advantages:

• under normal conditions it dries after three days;
• due to its consistency, it fills cracks and leaves no voids, thereby compacting the rough base;
• does not crack during operation, due to its high elasticity when frozen.

Has higher consumption square meter than dispersive. You need about one and a half kilograms.

Two-component adhesive

Laying plywood with two-component glue will be quick and problem-free. Having a higher cost than analogues, it has a number of advantages, including:

• plywood does not need to be additionally secured with self-tapping screws;

• the glue hardens in just two days;
• has the greatest strength.

This adhesive for plywood flooring is sold in the form of two separate components - a resin and a special hardener, which must be mixed in the correct proportions immediately before use. It is recommended to work with the material using personal protective equipment.

Technology of adhesive laying of plywood

To provide correct installation and fixing the material onto the screed from the solution, it is necessary to glue it. This ensures the coupling of two various surfaces, which guarantees good quality laying the preparatory layer of the floor (this process is shown in the video).

Installation should be carried out in the following sequence:

1. An adhesive composition of about 2 mm is applied to a pre-prepared flat surface.
2. Next, the wood adhesive material, cut into squares, pre-numbered, is placed in each place.

   What is the best way to glue plywood?

   To eliminate air, you need to roll over the squares, pressing them.

3. We carry out the final fastening by placing self-tapping screws around the perimeter of each tile, which should be much longer than the thickness of the sheet (see photo).

After processing the rough surface grinder We glue the tiles onto the plywood, having first cleared it of debris, primed it, coated it with adhesive and prepared it for laying the tiles directly. We glue parquet in the same way.

Wallpaper is one of the most common materials for wall decoration. They are attractive, stylish, and gluing them is not particularly difficult. Wallpaper can be glued even when the general renovation is completely completed, without fear that the finishing materials of the floor or ceiling will be damaged. The canvases are demanding on the base; they can only be glued to a previously leveled surface, since their small thickness will make any wall defects clearly visible. One option for leveling is plywood. This material is distinguished by its rigidity, strength, stability, and its surface is as smooth as possible. Is it possible to glue wallpaper onto plywood? Yes, this option is sometimes used, although plywood requires preparatory work to make the wall as attractive as possible.

Scheme for marking the wall before wallpapering.

When decorating walls with plywood, you must remember that wood is subject to temperature and humidity expansion. Therefore, you need to choose only moisture-resistant slabs and ensure special clearances during installation. You can use any wallpaper for plywood, but its texture will affect the quality of the wall preparation. The best option are non-woven wallpaper that perfectly disguises irregularities and joints. But with thin ones paper wallpaper You'll have to tinker a little, the plywood wall should look perfect. Only after this can work begin. Attention should also be paid to the glue, which should be designed specifically for working with wooden surfaces. Before gluing, a primer is applied to the surface.

Necessary tools for wallpapering walls.

To quickly and efficiently glue wallpaper onto plywood, you need to prepare the following materials:

• waterproof primer;
• putty (alkyd enamel for rough and non-waterproof plywood);
• brushes and rollers;
• metal spatula;
• sickle tape, metal perforated corners;
• wallpaper glue;
• wallpaper;
• metal ruler;
• a simple pencil;
• knife with replaceable blades.

Preparation for gluing

The scheme for gluing wallpaper on plywood sheathing is simple, but it must first be prepared. This is due to the fact that the coating has its own characteristics. It can cause the wallpaper to begin to lag, warp, and bubble.

For wall cladding, it is best to take waterproof plywood; so-called bakelite or American plywood is excellent.

Scheme for wallpapering walls.

Such sheets are less susceptible to temperature changes than others.

Under no circumstances is low-grade plywood allowed, which has visible defects or delamination of the end part. All these disadvantages will quickly appear after wallpapering; the covering will have to be removed.

Sequence of work

Before gluing wallpaper, you need to properly prepare the surface of the walls:

1. When fastening the sheets, the screws should be literally sunk into the wood so that the caps in no case protrude above the surface. After this, all fasteners are treated with special anti-corrosion compounds, otherwise rusty spots will quickly appear on the surface of the canvas.
2. After installation, plywood must be covered with a layer of primer. The composition must contain special anti-mold additives. This is especially important for vinyl wallpaper.
3. The joints between individual plates must be sealed with putty, otherwise they will be visible through the canvas, especially paper. The same applies to any defects, including microcracks, knots, and nail marks.
4. After the putty has dried, it is necessary to sand the surface and coat it with primer again.

Scheme of wallpapering procedure.

It is best to use non-woven wallpaper for a plywood wall. They camouflage perfectly various defects, since the canvas is quite thick.

How is plywood prepared? Plywood after covering the wall has seams between the individual slabs and fastening points. All such joints and fastenings must be sealed, otherwise they will be clearly visible. If rough plywood was used for work, the walls are first sanded and then cleaned of dust. Next, they are covered with a moisture-resistant primer, all joints and fastening points are puttied.

When the mixture has dried, it is necessary to sand the surface again so that it becomes perfectly flat and smooth. If non-moisture-resistant plywood was used to cover the walls, then it is recommended to paint the wall with a special alkyd enamel; water-based enamel cannot be used. If waterproof plywood was used for the work, then after all the mixtures have dried, the walls must be treated with a regular vacuum cleaner, which will collect all the dust so that it does not interfere with the adhesion of the glue.

Pasting process

Rules for wallpapering.

Don’t forget about puttying; for this you need to use waterproof putty and sickle tape. The plywood is attached to the wall with self-tapping screws, so you only need to use galvanized fasteners, the heads of which are additionally processed. If this is not done, then over time rusty spots will appear on the surface, which will appear through the wallpaper; there is no way to remove them.

The putty is applied to the joints and fastening points, then carefully leveled with a spatula. After this, it is necessary to apply serpyanka to the still wet mixture, for external and internal corners you need to use special perforated metal corners. Then the surface is again covered with a thin layer of putty, which must dry.

After this, you can start gluing wallpaper. First you need to lay out the material on the floor, protected plastic film. Then dilute the wallpaper glue with water in full accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The gluing process depends on what kind of wallpaper on plywood was purchased. If non-woven fabrics are used, then the glue is applied only to the wall, for others - only to the fabric. This must be taken into account, otherwise the wallpaper may become covered with bubbles, swell, or warp. There is nothing complicated here, manufacturers indicate the conditions for wallpapering, you just need to pay attention to them.

You need to start gluing wallpaper on plywood, stepping back a little from the far corner. It will be glued separately; here, not the whole canvas is used, but a small part of it. The same applies to places above window and door openings.

How to glue plywood together: rules and methods of adhesive bonding

All of them are glued last, along with niches and complex parts. After the wallpaper is completely glued to the plywood, you need to leave the walls to dry. To do this, it is necessary to ensure that there are no drafts in the room. The amount of time for the glue to dry depends on what type of wallpaper glue was used.

To hang wallpaper on plywood, you need to properly prepare the surface, hide all the joints between the sheathing slabs and fasteners. This allows the wall to be made as suitable as possible for gluing. The wallpaper will look neat and attractive. The gluing process itself is not complicated; it consists of applying glue to the surface of the wall or canvas, after which the wallpaper is carefully glued.

Often in everyday life or when making furniture we have to glue different materials together. IN carpentry and furniture In fact, the skills of the master in this type of work play a big role.

The quality of gluing depends, first of all, on the pre-treatment of the bonded surfaces. The surfaces to be glued are thoroughly cleaned of dirt, grease, and remnants of old glue or paint; the surface must always be dry and clean. Materials with a mirror-smooth surface do not adhere well to each other, so clean them with a knife, sandpaper or a file.

When gluing metal, porcelain, glass, stone and some other parts, it is necessary to first degrease them by washing them with warm soapy water and then rinsing. You can also degrease the surface by wiping them with a swab dipped in the solution. ammonia gasoline, acetone, baking soda solution.

When gluing various materials you need to follow several rules: apply glue to the surface only in a thin layer, but so that there are no missing spots. The glue should be free of any impurities (sawdust, dust, etc.) and of uniform consistency, that is, it should not contain lumps. A thick layer of thick glue does not in any way contribute to a stronger bond. According to the instructions, some types of adhesives should be heated before use. We would advise you not only to heat the glue itself, but also to heat the materials being glued. Then the bonding strength will increase.

As a rule, the parts to be glued are dried in a warm place not lower than 18 ° C. The parts should be pressed tightly together using a press, pressure or vice.

When gluing wood, it is recommended to heat the surfaces to be glued. It is desirable that the humidity of the parts being glued be the same, but, in any case, does not exceed 10-12%. We would recommend that you glue dry wood with animal and synthetic glues. Animal glues include bone and casein glues. Let us immediately note that preparing bone glue for work requires quite a lot of time, but this disadvantage is more than compensated by its advantages. It is advantageous to use it when a large volume of work is performed. The joints glued with this glue are very strong, which distinguishes it from others, even expensive ones, such as BF-2. The glued parts can withstand loads of up to 60 kg per 1 square meter. cm, which is several times higher than that of other adhesives. And finally, tiles of dry wood glue can be stored indefinitely; they practically do not deteriorate.

Wood glue should be prepared in a special glue cooker. The glue cooker consists of two tin vessels, one of which (the wider one) is filled with water, and the second (smaller in size) is filled with glue and placed in the first one. The glue maker can be successfully replaced with ordinary tin cans, one of which is larger than the other. Such a device (water bath) prevents the glue from burning and can maintain heat for a long time. To make bone glue, first break the dry glue into small pieces and add water. Let the glue swell for 10-12 hours, and then let it cook. For cooking liquid glue For 4 parts by weight of dry glue, take 3-4 parts of water. The glue should be heated, stirring, so that the entire mass is obtained without clots or grains. Do not bring the glue to a boil; this may reduce its adhesiveness and durability. Determine the readiness of the glue by dipping a stick into it.

The glue is ready if it flows slowly from the stick in a thick, even stream. If the glue turns out to be too thick during cooking, you can dilute it hot water. When working, use hot glue; if it has cooled down a little, it can be heated in a water bath. Don't brew it right away a large number of glue. Brew as much as you need to carry out the work; reheating already hardened glue worsens its properties. When preparing bone glue, you can also give it fire-resistant properties. To do this, dissolve 100 g of glue in 200 g of water and cook it in a glue cooker until you get a thick composition, and then add 40 g of drying oil to it and boil it again. An increase in the adhesiveness of the composition can be achieved by adding zinc or lead white to the glue at a ratio of 25:2.

When preparing casein glue, take 300-400 g of water room temperature and pour 100 g of glue powder into it. The adhesive powder must be poured into the water gradually, stirring constantly until a homogeneous creamy mass is formed. The finished mixture will be thick at first and should be set aside for some time to liquefy. There is no need to add water to the mixture. The finished glue should flow from the stick in a continuous stream, leaving a thin shiny film on it. Remember that casein glue is not heated, since at temperatures above 40 °C casein coagulates and loses its adhesive properties. You can prepare adhesive powder at home, provided you have the necessary ingredients. The glue contains 7 parts by weight of dry casein powder and 1 part by weight of borax (sodium boric acid).

To prepare glue from such a powder you will need 8 parts by weight of water. Pour in casein cold water in a 1:1 ratio and leave for 3 hours. Dissolve borax in hot water and pour the resulting solution over the swollen casein. Stir continuously until you get a fairly thick, homogeneous mass. Parts glued with casein glue are kept under pressure for 4 hours, but the glue finally dries only after 12 hours. Big advantage casein glue is that it can glue wood high humidity. Wood can also be glued with other adhesives, such as synthetic wood glue, various resin adhesives and some other uses; please read the instructions provided carefully.

Sometimes it is necessary to glue plastic, leather, leatherette, decorative plywood, fabric or synthetic film onto a wooden surface. Plywood can be firmly glued to wood using casein or synthetic wood glue. You can also glue plywood with tile wood glue, but it creates a noticeable dark-colored seam. Do not apply a layer of adhesive directly to thin plywood, as she may shrink. It is better to cover the surface of the wood with a layer of glue, and then place a plywood sheet on it and press it tightly on top with pressure. The pressure should be approximately 8 kg and should lie under pressure for about 7-8 hours.

To glue plastic, use rubber-based adhesives. These can be adhesives such as 88N, Zh-3, KR-1, "Elastosila-2". Before gluing, it is necessary to carefully treat the surface of the wood or plastic.

Clean the wood from dust, and sand the back side of the plastic until the plastic becomes slightly rough. Be especially careful around corners and edges. Then wipe the treated surface of the plastic with a swab dipped in gasoline to degrease it. Apply a thin layer of glue to both surfaces to be glued and connect them. Pressing the plastic firmly against the wood, run your hands from the middle to the edges to squeeze out all the air from under the plastic, and then place something heavy on the plastic so that the pressure is evenly distributed over the entire surface to be glued, at least 4-5 kg ​​per 1 sq. . see. Leave the oppression for half an hour. These glues are completely cured within 24 hours.

To glue fabric, leather, leatherette to a wooden base, use adhesives: “Oak”, “Unicum”, BF-6, “Polyvinyl acetate”.

Also, at home, if you have the necessary components, you can prepare a high-quality adhesive composition. For this you will need 400 g of wheat flour, 30 g of rosin, 15 g of aluminum alum and 100 g of water. Mix the dry ingredients, add water and place on low heat, or better yet, use a glue boiler. While preparing the glue, do not forget to stir it periodically to prevent lumps from forming. As soon as the glue begins to thicken it is ready. Make sure that the adhesive composition is uniform. This glue is used only when hot. Leathers and leather substitutes (without fabric base) degrease synthetic films with acetone and gasoline. Fabrics do not need pre-treatment before gluing. Cover both surfaces with glue and iron with a warm iron through a wet cloth until dry.

It is better not to glue fabrics and synthetic films with BF-6 and “Polyvinyl acetate” adhesives, since BF-6 glue can show through the front surface and stain the fabrics yellowish. Polyvinyl acetate glue is destroyed by water.

It is best to glue metal parts to wood using rubber adhesives, such as Zh-3, KR-1, 88-N, 88-NP, Patex, Elastosila-2. If you need to stick to wooden surface small metal objects (hooks, shelves), we would not recommend using the first three of the named brands of adhesives. These adhesives form so-called “creeping joints”, that is, under the influence of loads, a metal object will move off the wooden surface. Before gluing, file the surface of the metal to make it rough, and then degrease it with gasoline or acetone. Apply a thin layer of adhesive to both surfaces to be glued, clamp the parts in a vice and leave for a few minutes. The glue will finally dry in 10-12 hours.

For gluing smooth surfaces use the same adhesives, glue "Elastosila-2".

Apply a thin layer of glue to surfaces previously degreased with acetone and leave for one hour. After this, wipe the surfaces with a swab soaked in acetone and connect them. Clamp the glued parts in a vice for 4-5 hours. The glue will finally harden in 10-12 hours.

Glass is most often glued with adhesives such as Polyvinyl Acetate, Mars, Super Cement, BF-2, Patex, Unicum. These adhesives form virtually colorless seams and are not destroyed by moisture. Before gluing, degrease the glass with acetone, apply a thin layer of glue to the surfaces to be glued and let it dry a little for 10 minutes. Apply a second layer and after 2-3 minutes connect the parts to be glued. The parts should be pressed tightly against each other for 20-30 minutes. The glue hardens completely only after a day.

To glue glass and metal together, take “Glue-sealant”, “Elastosila-2”, “Unicum”. Degrease both surfaces, lubricate with glue and clamp the parts in a clamp for 30 minutes. The glue will finally harden and become waterproof after three days.

You can glue glass to wood, as well as glue fabric or cardboard onto it using PVA, PVA-A, or Polyvinyl Acetate adhesives. Degrease the glass with acetone, lubricate the surfaces with glue and place the parts under the press for an hour. The glue will dry in a day.

At home, BF-2 or "Epoxy" glue is used for gluing metals. Clean surfaces from dust, dirt, rust using sandpaper. Rinse treated surfaces clean water and dry well. Degrease surfaces with gasoline or acetone. Apply a thin layer of glue to the surface and leave it there for an hour. Then place the blanks coated with glue in the oven, heated to 50-60 oC, and dry for 10-15 minutes. Apply a second layer of glue to the metal and, as soon as it begins to dry (no longer sticks to your fingers), connect the parts to each other. It is better if you clamp the parts in a vice and dry them in the oven at a temperature of 130-150 oC for 1-2 hours. Cold drying
It hardens completely only after 2-3 days.

Epoxy glue is indispensable in some cases. It consists of two components, resin and hardener.

When using it, work with gloves, as the hardener is poisonous; If you get hardener on your hands, remove it with a swab soaked in acetone, and then wash your hands running water. Before mixing the resin and hardener, it is advisable to heat the resin in a bowl with hot water, but not higher than 30 ° C. Mix warm resin with hardener in the ratio specified in the instructions, and use the prepared glue as you would others.

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Adhesives used during plywood production - composition and properties

Sheet plywood has many features by which classification is made different varieties. The grade is influenced by the material of the veneer used, the thickness of the veneer, the number of sheets glued together, the presence or absence of a top laminate coating, etc. One of the most important characteristics of sheet plywood is its resistance to moisture, and this indicator is greatly influenced by the materials used during production of adhesive compositions. What types of plywood exist in terms of moisture resistance?

Plywood with increased moisture resistance (FSF). Various types of phenol-formaldehyde adhesives are used for its production.

• Non-moisture resistant plywood. The veneer is glued together with organic albumin-casein adhesives.

As you can already guess, what better characteristics If plywood is water resistant, the more difficult it is to call it completely safe for health. You should know that absolutely all formaldehyde resins with various additives release harmful chemical compounds into the air. The quantity of these compounds is controlled by special government services and, based on their research, they establish a “threshold of harmfulness.” This indicator varies depending on different countries and depends not only on the wishes of doctors, but also on lobbyists of manufacturers. So it turns out that in some countries plywood may be prohibited for use in residential premises, while in other countries manufacturers proudly call this same plywood an “environmentally friendly product.” Let's look at each type of adhesive in more detail.

Adhesives based on phenol-formaldehyde resin

Currently, domestic and foreign adhesives based on phenol-formaldehyde resin are used in production; the quality of the resin largely depends on the capabilities of the equipment on which it is produced. Unfortunately, domestic manufacturers using domestic equipment cannot produce resins of world-class quality; most plywood manufacturers buy it from Americans and Finns. Appearance- a transparent homogeneous liquid, the color can be reddish-brown or dark cherry, the dry residue is at least 50%, the amount of free phenol is less than 0.10%, the relative density is 1.2 g/cm3. The completion time of the gelatinization process is up to 70 minutes at t°=+125°C.

For improvement physical characteristics resins, various additives, combined hardeners and combined fillers are added to it. Toxicity is determined by the chamber method and is regulated by current state standards. Adhesive strength tests are carried out in accordance with using effective methods and methods, for this class of plywood, separate tests are carried out on the physical indicators of the strength of the adhesive joint after boiling the samples. At least three samples are selected for testing, and the arithmetic mean of the three measurements is recorded in the final test report.

Adhesives based on urea-formaldehyde resin

Enough toxic resins, are prohibited for use in some developed countries, industrial production resins cause significant damage environment, in humans can provoke the development of cancer, has a negative effect on the liver, and often becomes an allergen. In European countries maximum amount formaldehyde is two times lower than domestic standards allow. We have already discussed why safety standards vary so much from country to country.

Some reduction in emissions harmful substances achieved by adding melamine, but this additive significantly worsens technological characteristics glue. In addition, melamine has a fairly high cost, which all manufacturers really dislike. It is easier and cheaper for them to find “direct contact” with government regulatory services and, with their help, “make products absolutely safe and environmentally friendly.” IN Lately They are trying to replace melamine with urea - this chemical component has average indicators in terms of the strength of glued plywood, the presence of harmful volatile substances and cost. Manufacturers began to produce adhesive compositions from SKMF resin, Aerosil, ammonium chloride and wheat flour. The presence of the latter allows unscrupulous companies to focus on the “environmental friendliness” of their products.

The introduction of technical aerosil into the composition increased the number of molecular bonds in the internal structure of the main polymer. Fluoride compounds improved the structure formation of the polymer, which increased the cohesive strength. Aerosil technical speeds up the curing process of the glue - its manufacturability during the manufacture of plywood has improved, the curing time is reduced by approximately 25%.

Albumin-casein adhesives

Only this group of adhesives can rightfully be classified as environmentally friendly and safe for our health. Casein is obtained from dairy waste, while albumin is obtained from animal blood. These adhesives have been used for hundreds of years but are considered "unfashionable" today. Plywood made using such adhesives is afraid of moisture; in terms of the strength of connection between veneer sheets, it is much inferior to chemical adhesives. Plywood can be used to create light- and medium-load furniture structures. It is almost never used in construction due to unsatisfactory physical characteristics.

Conclusion for Thought

We did not discuss specific brands of adhesives; there is no fundamental difference between them. We consider it important that you understand the main differences between the various components of adhesives, and draw your own conclusions, without being particularly influenced by manufacturers’ advertising brochures. These are the realities today - you have to pay for the quality of life, and you have to maintain your health with the help of a pharmacy.

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