Blocks and pulleys- simple mechanisms used to lift loads either with little effort or with effort in a position convenient for the user.

Blocks and pulleys consist of two parts: a wheel with a circumferential groove (pulley) and a rope or cable. A block, as a rule, is a device consisting of one pulley in a frame with a suspension and one cable. A pulley block is a combination of pulleys and cables. The principle of its operation is similar to the operation of a lever - the gain in force affects the increase in distance with theoretical equality of the work performed.

These mechanisms can be used independently of other lifting units, such as winches, hoists, cranes, and also as their parts.

The pictures show the operating principle block and pulley:

In Fig. 1a, a load weighing W1 is lifted using a single block with a force P1 equal to the weight. In Fig. 1b, the load W2 is lifted with the simplest multiple pulley system, consisting of two blocks, with a force P2 equal to only half the weight of W2. The impact of this weight is divided equally between the branches of the cable on which pulley B2 is suspended from pulley A2 by hook C2. Consequently, in order to lift the load W2, it is sufficient to apply a force P2 equal to half the weight of W2 to the branch of the cable passing through the groove of the pulley A2; Thus, the simplest chain hoist gives a double gain in strength. Fig. 1,c explains the operation of a pulley with two pulleys, each of which has two grooves. Here the force P3 required to lift the load W3 is only a quarter of its weight. This is achieved by distributing the entire weight of W3 between the four suspension cables of block B3. Note that the multiple of the gain in strength when lifting weights is always equal to the number of cables on which the movable block B3 hangs.

Rice. 2

In the past as a cable for blocks and pulleys used flexible and durable hemp rope. It was woven with a braid of three strands, each of which consisted of many small strands. Pull blocks with such ropes were used wherever it was necessary to lift loads: on sea vessels, in agriculture, on construction sites. The most complex of them (Fig. 2) were often used on sailing ships. There they were needed to work with sails, spar parts and other movable equipment.

Over time, hemp edges were replaced by steel cables and cables made of synthetic and mineral fibers. They are more durable and wear-resistant. Pulley hoists with steel cables and multi-groove pulleys are integral parts of the lifting mechanisms of all modern lifting equipment. Pulleys blocks usually rotate on roller bearings and all their moving surfaces are forcibly lubricated.

Lifting heavy loads to a height, even if not very high, is a very difficult task for a person. However, quite a lot of different mechanisms and devices have been invented to facilitate this process. The chain hoist should be included among such mechanisms without fail. In our article we will talk in more detail about this device, and also talk about the technology for creating a chain hoist at home.

How to make lifting easier

A pulley block is a system that consists of fixed and movable blocks connected to each other by chain or rope transmissions. This device was invented a long time ago, because the ancient Greeks and Romans used similar mechanisms. Over the next millennia, the components of this device and its purpose has remained virtually unchanged. Today, this device is used almost in its original form, with only minor changes.

Scheme of operation of the chain hoist

Pulley hoists are used mainly in jib mechanisms of construction cranes. For pulley hoists, despite all their diversity, there are two main requirements: an increase in speed (high-speed mechanisms are responsible for this) and an increase in force (the so-called power pulley hoists). The former are commonly used in hoists, while the latter have found application in cranes. It should also be noted that the circuits of power and speed devices are almost completely mutually inverse.

A conventional chain hoist is a device whose main components are:

system of blocks with movable axes;
blocks with fixed axes;
lining drums;
bypass blocks.

Due to the effective interaction of blocks and ropes, it becomes possible to significantly gain in strength. In strength, we win as many times as we lose in length. This is one of the fundamental rules of mechanics, thanks to which a common person can lift heavy weights with ease using a minimum of physical effort.

It is much more profitable to purchase this device or make it yourself than to rent cranes or similar mechanisms. The peculiarity of the device is that one of the sides, which is attached to the load, is in a movable state, while the second side, attached to the support, is static. It is the moving blocks that provide such a significant gain in strength. Static blocks are required to control the trajectory of the rope and the load itself.

Exist different kinds chain hoists, which differ in multiplicity, parity and complexity. The multiplicity indicator determines how many times you will gain in strength using this device. So, buying a mechanism with a multiple of 6, you theoretically have a gain in power of 6 times.

Simple and complex chain hoists - we understand their design

First, let's talk about simple mechanisms. You can get such a device by adding blocks to the load and support. An even chain hoist is a device in which a rope is attached to a support. If an odd number is required, then the rope is installed on a moving point of the object being lifted. Adding a block increases the multiplicity of the device by two points.

So, to manually make a pulley for a conventional winch, the multiplicity of which is 2, it is enough to use only one movable block attached to the load. The rope is attached to a support. As a result, we will have an even chain hoist with a multiplicity of 2. Complex chain hoists include several simple mechanisms. Naturally, such a device provides a significantly greater gain in strength, which can be calculated by multiplying the multiplicities of each of the pulleys used. At the same time, do not forget about the friction force, due to which there is a slight loss in the power of the device.

There are several ways to reduce the friction of a rope. The most effective is to use rollers with as wide a radius as possible. After all, the larger the radius, the less friction the force has on the rope and the lifting mechanism as a whole.

How rope affects work efficiency

You can avoid pinching and twisting of the rope if you use additional accessories, for example, mounting plates that allow you to space the rollers relative to each other. We categorically do not recommend using stretchable ropes in pulley hoists, since in comparison with conventional static products they seriously lose in efficiency. When assembling a block for lifting loads, specialists use both load and separate ropes, which are attached to the object independently of the lifting device.

The operation of individual ropes offers some advantage. The idea is that a separate rope provides the ability to pre-assemble or pre-assemble the entire structure. In addition, the passage of knots can be significantly facilitated, since the entire length of the rope is used. The only drawback is the inability to secure the load automatically. Cargo ropes can boast of just this feature, so if there is a need to automatically secure a load, use a cargo rope.

The reverse is important. This effect is inevitable, since at the moment of removal, as well as when intercepting the rope or stopping to rest, the load will certainly move in reverse side. How much the load goes back depends on the quality of the blocks used, as well as the entire device as a whole. This phenomenon can be prevented by purchasing special rollers that allow the rope to pass only in one direction.

Let's talk a little about how to properly attach a cargo rope to a lifting mechanism. Not always, even the most prudent master has a rope of the required length, which is required to attach the dynamic part of the block. Therefore, several methods of fastening the mechanism have been developed:

With gripping knots. These knots are tied in five turns from cords, the cross-section of which does not exceed 8 mm. The use of such nodes is the most effective and, accordingly, widespread. According to experts, the knots are very strong and reliable. Only a load of more than 13 kN can lead to slipping of such a node. The important thing is that even when sliding, the knot does not deform the rope in any way, leaving it safe and sound.
Application of general purpose clamps. These devices can be used even in difficult climatic conditions, for example, on wet or icy ropes. A load of 7 kN can cause the clamp to slip, which leads to damage to the rope, although not very severe.
Personal clips. They are used only for small jobs, since a load over 4 kN leads to the clamp slipping and subsequent rope breakage.

Stocking - studying the most popular schemes

This technological operation is intended to change the distance between blocks, as well as to change the position of these blocks. The need for reeving is determined by changing the height or speed of lifting objects by installing a specific pattern for passing the rope along the blocks and rollers of the mechanism.

The scheme used largely depends on the type of lifting device. Reeving for winches is carried out only for the purpose of changing the length of the boom reach. It is performed by changing the relative position of the guide blocks. Very often this operation is performed in cargo cranes, where it is required to prevent such an effect as curvilinear movement of weights.

Reserves, depending on the schemes used, are divided into the following categories:

One-time. This type has found application in jib-type lifting cranes, where the hook must be suspended on a single rope rope. After this, it is necessary to sequentially carry out static blocks. In the final stage, the hook is wound onto the drum. As practice shows, this type of reeving is the most ineffective.
Double. This type is used in cranes that are equipped with a beam and luffing jib. In this case, it is necessary to install fixed blocks on the boom head, while the other end of the rope is attached to the cargo winch.
Quadruple. It is in demand among pulley hoists, which are used to lift objects of enormous mass. Usually one of the reeving schemes that were described earlier is used, with the only difference being that they are used separately for each hook suspension block.

We make a chain hoist from paper cups and gears

The devices used in construction are very complex, which is logical, because it requires lifting large loads to a fairly large height. Understand them design features can be quite problematic. What can not be said about home chain hoists, which are used in everyday life. They are so simple and understandable that anyone can build a chain hoist with their own hands. To do this, we need the following devices:

1. several glasses of paper;
2. scissors;
3. lace or strong thread acting as a rope;
4. plasticine;
5. plastic hangers.

First of all, you will need to make a basket in which the cargo will move. For these purposes we will use paper cups through which we thread a rope. We collect the pulley block from hangers. We fix the rope or thread on the top of the hanger, and then wind it around the crossbar several times. The basket obtained from the glasses should be hung on the lower hanger by the hook. In principle, this collection of pulley blocks can be considered completed. To lift loads, it is enough to use the mechanism correctly. To do this, you will need to pull the free end of the thread, which will lead to the connection of the hangers. Now you can try to lift heavy objects to a height.

There is another way to make a chain hoist with your own hands, which is somewhat more complicated, but different more efficient and reliability of the design. Here we need bearings, a gear, a hook, cables with blocks, and a threaded rod. First, we attach the bearings to the stud, after which we install the gear on the end of the stud to make it more convenient and easier to use a homemade pulley. All that remains is to throw the cable over the gears and secure it; the free end will be equipped with a hook, which is necessary for lifting objects.

Finally, let us remind you that when working with any chain hoists, purchased in a store or made at home, you should definitely remember safety precautions. It is necessary to carefully check the structure for strength and integrity. The loads themselves should be lifted smoothly and carefully, without being located under a suspended object.

Throughout the long history of its existence, man has more than once been faced with the task of lifting and moving heavy objects in space. For example, the familiar Egyptian pyramids consist of massive stone blocks that no one can lift. Therefore, one of the greatest achievements of mankind is the invention of the lifting crane, which made it possible to significantly simplify the task of moving heavy loads and speed up the construction of houses and other objects.

Machine structure

The operating principle of a crane is based on the physics of simple mechanisms. The simplest version of the crane is a stick placed on a fulcrum in such a way that the free ends have different lengths. Now if you hang a load on a short lever, it will take less effort to lift it. The most common design is one that uses, in addition to levers, a system of blocks.

A do-it-yourself crane is an indisputable assistant in small-scale construction. When constructing a private house, the use of bulky industrial cranes is not required. The height of the houses rarely exceeds 2 floors, and the weight of the lifted load is 200 kilograms.

Although there are many variations of lifting mechanisms, a classic crane consists of the following parts:

An arrow with a block attached to its end. Depending on its length, the height to which the load can be lifted is determined.
Platform. The boom and counterweight are attached to it. It is the main part of the crane and is subject to significant loads. Therefore, when manufacturing a platform, it is important to pay special attention to its strength.
Counterweight. Serves for crane stability. Defines Weight Limit load that the crane can lift. Stackable counterweight options are available to provide maximum stability.
A guy wire connecting the boom and the counterweight. Allows you to adjust the tilt of the boom and move the load in both vertical and horizontal planes.
Winch with cable. It is the lifting mechanism itself. The power of the winch determines how much weight the crane can lift.
Stand with a rotating mechanism. It is necessary to turn the crane to the sides.
The support cross, which is the base of the crane. Sets the stability of the entire structure. When manufacturing it, you should also pay attention to its strength.

terms of Use

To operate lifting mechanisms safely, certain rules must be followed.

These rules apply to any lifting device:

The load capacity must not be exceeded. A load that is too heavy may damage the device.
The base must be stable. Homemade lifting devices should be located on a previously prepared hard horizontal surface.
In bad weather conditions, you should also refrain from working with the crane. Strong winds will throw the crane off balance, and poor visibility may make it difficult to see people under the boom.
Before operating a crane or lifting device, it is necessary to conduct an external inspection to identify any malfunctions. If malfunctions are detected, operation of the crane is prohibited.
It should be remembered that when working with the lift, you should not make sudden movements. The load must be lifted smoothly. And most importantly, do not stand under any lifted load.

What characteristics should a garage lift have?

IN garage conditions Two types of lifting mechanisms are used. The first type includes a lift that can lift the entire car, and the second type includes a goose-type lift that allows you to move loads around the garage.

The first type of lifts are stationary devices and the main requirement that is placed on them is sustainability. The car weighs more than a ton and should not have the slightest chance of falling. In order to prevent any accidents, the garage lift must have a reliable stopper.

The goose type lifts are most often used in auto repair shops. It is quite simple to make from profile pipe or channel. First, the base is welded on which the rotating mechanism needs to be installed. It is best to make an arrow with an adjustable reach. This will make it possible to move weights in any direction.

How a simple block design works

The pulley system or pulley system has been known to mankind since ancient times. The classic system design consists of pulleys and cable. One pulley is called a block. Depending on the method of fastening, the pulley can be movable or fixed:

Fixed block. It is attached to the support and plays the role of changing the direction of movement of the rope. Does not provide any gain in strength.
Movable block. It is located on the side of the load and gives a gain in strength.

The principle of operation of a pulley block is similar to the principle of operation of a lever in the physics of simple mechanisms. The role of the lever in this case is played by the cable itself. In the case of a simple block of two pulleys, the movable pulley divides the rope into 2 parts and in order to lift the load the same distance, a rope twice as long will be required. The work of lifting the load is performed in the same volume. And the effort, due to the fact that the length of the rope has become twice as long, becomes half as much.

If there are more than 2 pulleys in the system, the gain in strength is approximately equal to the number of blocks. In the case of 3 blocks, the effort will be 3 times less, and 4 blocks will require only a quarter of the original effort.

Complex block system how to calculate power gain

If the system is designed in such a way that one simple pulley pulls another simple pulley, then this is already a complex system blocks. To theoretically calculate the gain in strength, it is necessary to conditionally divide a complex chain hoist into simple ones and multiply the values of the gain from simple chain hoists.

For example, if the system consists of 4 blocks, and the first conditional simple pulley has a gain of 3. It pulls the second simple two-block pulley, also with a gain of 3. The total force that will need to be applied will be 9 times less. It is the 4-block complex chain hoist that is most often used by rescuers.

Methods for attaching a rope to a lifting mechanism

When creating complex pulley blocks, there are often situations when a cable of the required length for attaching the moving block is not at hand.

Methods for attaching a cable using general-purpose rigging:

Using a cord. Using a self-tightening knot, the cord is tied to the main cable. As the load is lifted, the grappling knot moves along the main rope, thereby allowing the height of the load to be increased.
Using clamps. In the case of using a steel cable, it is not possible to use a cord, so it is necessary to use special clamps.

We create a simple lifting mechanism with our own hands

Construction of a crane is not a quick task and is justified if it is required frequently or the volume of work is large enough. In cases where the load needs to be lifted urgently or this is a one-time operation, you can use improvised means.

To create a simple lifting device you will need a cord and two blocks. One block and the end of the rope are fixed motionless on the support. This will be the highest point to which the load can be lifted. We attach the second block to the load using slings or a hook. We first pull the rope along the block attached to the load, then pass it through the upper block. The gain in power will be 2 times. Using your own weight, you can easily lift a load weighing 100 kilograms to the required height.

If you add the ability to move the upper block along a guide, for example along a rail, you can get a do-it-yourself jib crane. It is useful in garage conditions for moving heavy machine parts.

It should be remembered that when working with the lift, you should not make sudden movements. The load must be lifted smoothly. And most importantly, do not stand under any lifted load. The same rule applies to a crane - standing under the arrow is prohibited.

Materials and tools

The most important thing when making a crane is to use quality tool materials. This will guarantee that the structure will be strong and safe.

The cable should have minimal stretch; this will give a greater gain in strength when using a pulley system. The fittings used for tying must be taken only from metal. Plastic fittings cannot withstand heavy loads and break at the wrong time. To fasten individual parts of a homemade crane, you should choose high-strength hardware products.

If a winch is intended to be used, its lifting capacity should not be less than 500 kilograms. Best Choice there will be winches capable of lifting loads weighing 1 ton or more.

In conclusion, I would like to once again remind you of the need to observe safety precautions when working with lifting mechanisms. Also, regardless of whether the crane is purchased or made by yourself, you should inspect it before starting work.

Light jib cranes with a lifting capacity of up to 1 ton are indispensable when carrying out various electrical, installation and construction works. Thanks to their design, it is possible to install devices in various openings of a building or on ceilings, as well as to move them for convenient use. They are easy to assemble and install, and if necessary, they can be quickly disassembled into their component elements and moved to a suitable location.

The use of such structures is rational in the absence of the possibility of operating other types of hydraulic and hydraulic machines. There are many types of cranes with different designs. They are divided into stationary and mobile. The boom devices are equipped with one electric drive mechanism for moving the load. The crane operates by manual control.

Construction mini crane

You can independently create a variety of tools and devices that are so necessary for construction and other types of work. Despite the fact that a self-made mini-crane is characterized by a limited transferable load weight (no more than 250 kg), such a design will simplify the implementation of most construction work.

The main task is to select all the tools and parts necessary for creation and subsequent operation. The weight of the prefabricated device can reach up to 300 kg, depending on the materials used. At the same time, it has compact dimensions and the ability to move without preliminary disassembly using a car.

DIY crane: assembly

Using a worm-based gearbox, a cargo winch is formed. He can also ensure the creation manual drive, which simplifies the assembly of the boom winch. The basis for the screw extensions are construction supports. All the elements presented above form the basis of the design. In addition, drums for winches are needed. It is worth noting that they self-production not everyone can do it, since the process is complex and labor-intensive, as well as the need for specialized equipment and experience in carrying out such work.

The way out of the situation is rotors from an electric motor, which can be used as a basis and significantly simplify the task. Special attention should be given to the correspondence of the sizes of the elements used and the future device. To do this, additional measurements are taken using a ruler.

Additional items

To simplify movement, the platform is equipped with wheels. Elements from the conveyor cart may be useful. When creating the structure, you should not forget about this addition, since it is thanks to it that the simplest crane, assembled with your own hands, moves. To do this, you only need to remove the external support elements, which does not cause any particular difficulties and is done in a short time. It is important to follow safety precautions, in particular the boom must be set to zero level to prevent loss of balance and the crane falling.

Peculiarities

The optimal boom height is 5 meters. For its manufacture, a pipe with a diameter of about 8 cm is used. A profile of two corners is mounted into the base. You also need to create a rotating mechanism to rotate and lift the boom; a car hub from any truck will do for this. vehicle. There is no need for special materials for the counterweight, since you can use standard bricks for them. You can create a crane with your own hands using both caterpillar tracks and a frame. The last element can be taken from an unused machine.

It is worth noting that there is no need for a brake for the turning mechanism and winch, since it is not needed during the operation of the crane, and the work finished device will be done at low speed.

Advantages of the design

A rectangular pipe is suitable for forming an external support structure and a common base. For the latter, according to experts, it will be optimal to use a channel of 200. The length of the thrust screws should be within 50 cm, due to which the crane can be mounted with its own hands on any surface, including those with a large number of irregularities. Thus, there is no need to prepare the site on which the building is being built.

Difficulties sometimes arise with the wheels, since on loose soil they can spin poorly and dig into it. Therefore, it is advisable to carry out work on hard ground. After completion of construction, the structure is disassembled into its component elements for storage.

What can be done for the garage

When repairing a car yourself, there is often a need to remove the engine, so many car owners are wondering how to make a crane with their own hands. The most simple option is a lift, the creation of which requires a hand winch, racks on triangular supports with wheels and a transverse pipe.

At the top of the racks, fasteners for the pipe are fixed by welding. TO vertical rack a hand winch is welded, and the rollers are mounted on the beam; they are subsequently used to move the cable. In this case, it is not necessary to purchase a winch, since you can make this design yourself.

Such a device will not clutter up the space, it can be disassembled, and the cross beam and supports separately will not take up much space. The crane, created with your own hands for a garage, is capable of lifting and moving a load weighing no more than 800 kg. Its main advantage is that there is no need to purchase expensive materials.

As noted earlier, you can make a winch yourself. To do this, you will need a drum equipped with a cable; it must be fixed to a structure made of pipes with a square cross-section. Small star with chain transmission The first one is installed on the electric drive, and the large one is installed on the edge of the drum. To create a manual winch, a shaft equipped with a drum is supplemented with a handle.

To replace and repair most parts in a car, a platform or pit is required; if they are not available, you can use a lift. Despite the existing risks when working with such a device, its creation is justified economic benefit and practical benefits.

An overhead trolley crane, assembled with a winch yourself, is the simplest version of a car lift, with the car being installed on platforms after being raised to the desired height. There is also a scissor design, which is characterized by the absence of the possibility of cable breakage, which the previous option cannot guarantee.

Scissor crane

The base and platform of the scissor lift are made of channels. A two-piece distributor, pump, bushings, hydraulic cylinder and I-beams are required for the shear.

A self-made UAZ crane is capable of lifting loads weighing more than 500 kg. It can also be removed upon completion of work. The main purpose of the device is to fix retractable supports. The base of the structure is made of a thick-walled square, secured to the frame with several bolts. The retractable pores stay on the bumper and raise the rear of the car.

Crane “Pioneer9rdquo;

The mechanism makes it possible to simplify the implementation of many repair and construction works, as well as to ensure the implementation of actions that cannot be performed without additional lifting devices. The design is suitable for cargo of various volumes and sizes, and it can be installed on the floors of houses under construction, in pits and on the roof.

Among the main components it is worth noting the rotary and support frames, an electric winch, and a control panel. The device does not cause any difficulties in the process of use and the application of significant physical effort. Management is within the power of every person, even those without relevant experience.

Creation lifting structures Many owners of private houses are engaged in summer cottages. Their spread is due to the fact that each part of the mechanism, regardless of its complexity, can be performed in the desired manner and with the necessary functionality. In addition to moving heavy loads such as monolithic blocks, such cranes enable the delivery of light objects to great heights.

Unfortunately, the creation hydraulic devices, as a rule, is not possible. But, despite this, the crane (with your own hands), the photo of which is presented below, is easy to operate and has sufficient lifting capacity.

Assembly of the Pioneer crane9rdquo;

Many parts can be found, surprisingly, in a landfill. For homemade mechanism the main components are a rectangular pipe and an I-beam. It is important that the latter fits easily into the pipe. To create a telescopic unit for an I-beam, sliding guides are made. It is worth noting that they must be lubricated with special compounds to reduce the degree of friction.

For the device to function, cables with a small diameter are also required. They can be purchased at hardware store. A channel is often used to secure the rotating and supporting frames. It also ensures that the device can be firmly mounted on any surface. As a rule, it is the roof of a building under construction. In accordance with safety regulations, the manufacture of a rectangular platform as ballast is required, and it will reduce the likelihood of problems while the crane, assembled with your own hands, is in operation. An electric motor connected to a winch is used to start the lifting process.

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The simplest lifting and transport mechanisms for the construction of cottages and houses.

Chapter. Country construction and improvement

During the construction process, it is very often necessary to move all kinds of cargo, building materials, parts, etc. The most labor-intensive of these movements is vertical. For example, lifting bricks, buckets of mortar, blocks scaffolding or on the ceilings of the second floor. Such movements require large physical and time expenditures.

Of course, the simplest solution is to invite a crane to the construction site. But this is expensive and does not always solve the problem. So, you can’t lift a lot of bricks onto scaffolding, they simply won’t hold up. And if you lift it little by little - taking into account the cost of the crane and the speed of laying this brick - the brick wall will simply become golden.

With this article I want to remind you only of simple and well-known techniques for a quick and, in general, not too labor-intensive way of moving building materials at a construction site.

The simplest of them is a block. Everyone knows what he looks like and I’m not even giving a photo of him, just diagrams. The meaning of the block is to change the direction of application of force. For example, for block 1 in the diagram (the simplest case, called a fixed block), in order to lift the load up, you need to pull the cable down. And this will make it possible to use the worker’s own weight to lift the load. For example, you can make several loops on a cable, then a worker, walking along them like a rope ladder, can easily lift up a load of 50-70 kilograms with almost no effort!

Block 2 (in the diagram, a movable block) has one end of the cable fixed motionless and already allows the force to be doubled, and a worker using such a block will already be able to lift a load of 100 kilograms. The disadvantage is that the cable also needs to be pulled up. But if you combine block 2 with block 1, the lifted load can reach double the weight of the worker, which can now be used again!

Such a combination of several blocks of type 1 and 2 is called a chain hoist. The chain hoist gives a gain in strength equal to the number of blocks. Those. to lift a load weighing 1000 kg, having a chain hoist with 6 movable and 6 fixed blocks, an effort of only 85 kg will be required!

A pulley block is a rather complex device, so they often use a block with two pulleys of different diameters or a block on a thick axle, which serves as a second block.

So block type 3 (in the diagram) gives a gain in strength equal to the ratio of the radii of the large and small blocks. The well-known gate in a well is constructed in approximately the same way. You remember that the log or pipe on which the chain or rope is wound is much smaller than the wheel (or the radius of the handle) with which the gate rotates. This allows even children to lift a full bucket of water from the well with ease.

Blocks and pulleys of all types are readily available. However, they have one significant drawback - they move loads only vertically. Therefore, the so-called crane - rocker arm should be recognized as a more valuable lifting and transport mechanism.

The crane represents nothing other than the famous lever of Archimedes. Although he was known much earlier than Archimedes, back in the very ancient Egypt. With the help of cranes, Egyptian workers pumped Nile water into canals and ditches.

The beauty of the crane is its simplicity, extreme cheapness and very high efficiency. I had to use it myself. It so happened that much more rubble was poured into the basement than required and it was necessary to lift the excess. How? Carrying buckets up the stairs? The work is extremely unproductive, hard and thankless. I had to urgently make a crane from discarded boards and poles. The easiest way turned out to be to hang the boom (yoke) of the crane on a strong cable (for transporting the car). Now lifting a bucket of crushed stone (more than 20 kg!) took 2-3 seconds! (it took longer to load).

The crane also uses the weight of the worker himself. In addition, counterweights can be used, which also makes lifting heavy objects easier.

But the most valuable quality is that it also moves the load horizontally! Within the range of your arrow, of course. Therefore, sometimes it makes sense to use a crane not only for lifting, but also to move cargo from place to place.

The crane is also useful if you need to lift the load to a sufficiently high height. In this case, the crane's arrow is hung quite high, and so that the worker below can operate it, it is tied to the butt strong rope or a small pole. A stationary block with a long rope is installed at the end of the crane's arrow. This will allow 1 person to lift loads completely freely, for example, to the second floor. And this is instead of carrying them along stairs or walkways.

Such simple lifting and transport mechanisms can significantly speed up and facilitate rigging and construction works without any additional costs for their organization. Apply them on your construction and you will feel the difference!

Garage: homemade lifting devices

Homemade lifting devices are indispensable tool for a garage where major car repairs are planned. With the help of such an auxiliary device, you can easily remove the car engine, lift the edge of the body, or even the entire car.

Easy-to-make homemade lifting mechanisms make work several times easier and faster not only in the garage, but also near the house. They are indispensable for construction and repair, moving construction waste, and unloading heavy loads.

Types of lifting mechanisms

Before you start assembling a garage faucet with your own hands, you should choose which mechanism will suit you best. Load lifting machines belong to a fairly important category of industrial and household equipment. They are designed to move various loads in a vertical or inclined direction. A useful feature for motorists is the ability to move a load suspended on a hook to the side, thereby freeing up space for work. When designing a car lift, it is advisable to supplement it with a similar option - this way you can expand the list of actions performed in the garage.

Acquisition already finished lift entails significant financial expenses, so many garage owners are interested in the question of how to make such a mechanism themselves. First you need to understand what types of devices exist, how they differ from each other, and what functions they have. Classification is made according to various criteria: principle of operation, purpose, type of drive. Let's look at the most common types of lifting machines:

Blocks - manual mechanisms, which use only the strength of human muscles to lift a load. The structure of the block is known from the school curriculum: it consists of a wheel with a recess around it, rotating around a fixed axis. A rope, rope or metal chain passes through the recess. The force required to lift weights decreases exponentially as the number of pulleys in the system increases.
A jack is a simple lever device used to raise one side of a vehicle. Jacks can be either manual or hydraulic, pneumatic or electric.
A hoist is a manual or mechanized device consisting of a system of interconnected blocks. Depending on the number of individual wheels (pulleys), hoists are divided into two-, three-, four-pulley, etc. Maximum amount pulleys that use similar devices— 12. An industrial type of hoist, the pulley block is often used to move cargo on ships.

In addition to standard lifting devices, there are specialized installations:

The telfer is an improved hoist equipped with an electric drive. Thanks to this addition, the power and load-carrying capacity of the mechanism increases, and when the hoist is placed on a horizontal I-beam, it becomes possible to move loads along the room.
The crane is a simple device that works on the principle of a lever. A hook is attached to one end of the lever for hanging a load, and a counterweight is attached to the opposite end. The height of lifting loads largely depends on the position of the mechanism itself, since the length of the lever stroke remains small. Using a crane, you can not only lift weights, but also move them along a trajectory described by the radius of the lever. Often a crane successfully replaces a crane, but due to its large dimensions, its use in a garage is not practiced.

What characteristics should a garage lift have?

Since the device will be used in the rather cramped conditions of a standard garage, certain requirements are put forward for it. Firstly, it should not be too large - such a car lift, despite its high power, takes up a lot of space, which is very undesirable for such small area. Secondly, it is recommended to give preference to mechanisms with a small vertical stroke, otherwise you risk running into the ceiling.

The second requirement is carrying capacity. It is calculated based on the types of work for which the car lift is being developed. The dimensions of the mechanism also depend on the purpose. If a regular jack is suitable for regular wheel replacement, then for larger-scale work you will need a car lift with a platform, although for such important actions it is recommended to resort to the help of professional equipment.

Materials and tools

When constructing a garage lift with your own hands, you need to have in your arsenal not only drawings of the future device, but also arm yourself with a set of tools and high-quality, load-resistant materials. First of all you will need:

welding machine;
grinder with cutting wheel for metal;
bolts and nuts for fastening;
steel pipes with a diameter of 40-50 mm;
steel angle or profiled pipe with a cross section of 35-40 mm;
cable;
homemade winch for the garage (you can purchase it, the factory-produced version will be more reliable).

As the planned homemade garage winch becomes a reality, the list of components for it may change slightly, depending on your specific requirements for the mechanism.

How to assemble a simple faucet

Before assembling the lift with your own hands, you should create detailed drawing indicating the dimensions of all parts and the method of attaching them to each other. At this stage, the type of mechanism is determined - it could be a beam crane for a garage, a regular winch suspended from the ceiling, a powerful jack with manual, electric or hydraulic control. Often, craftsmen even construct such complex devices as a two-post lift that can withstand the weight of a passenger car.

One of the most simple models, which includes a homemade garage winch, consists of a cantilever fixed boom mounted on a vertical stand made of steel pipe. A trolley with a winch is mounted on the boom. The vertical pipe is welded to the base. This could be a massive steel plate or the garage foundation itself. A homemade garage winch will be more reliable if you secure the upper end of the rack to the ceiling of the room.

The working part of the mechanism is a small winch. If it is homemade, the faucet will lose some reliability, so it is better to purchase a factory-made device.

A steel cable is passed through a groove in the winch block, at the end of which a hook is installed. By rotating the winch handle, you will set the block with the cable in motion, lifting the load to a given height.

Conclusion on the topic

A garage with a lift is the dream of many motorists, because with such a device it turns into their own, comfortable and free car service.

Constructing a lift in the garage with your own hands is quite simple. All you have to do is stock up necessary materials, tools, and clearly define the list of tasks that the device will perform.

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Strengthening homemade lifting devices

Homemade lifting devices are currently becoming increasingly popular. During construction and when working in a garage, you often have to move heavy loads. In construction, manual transportation takes considerable time, and it is not always possible to install ramps or scaffolding. In any case, it is much easier and more efficient to use lifts.

Crane diagram

The same applies to the automotive theme; a garage with a lift is much more convenient to use. The simplest lifts are an ordinary beam, rigidly fixed at one end, and a movable block is installed at the other end. A rope is thrown over the block, with the help of which the loads are tightened manually.

Such homemade lift Quite simple to manufacture, but from a practical point of view very inconvenient. Firstly, the load is still lifted manually, and secondly, dismantling and installing a beam from one place to another takes even more time than simply dragging weights. Similar mechanisms are used in log houses.

Construction of a log house

Materials and tools:

pillar supports;
wooden top beam;
metal guide;
wheel-pulley;
bearings;
chain hoist;
spacers;
pulley;
welding machine.

If the question of how to make a lift for a log house yourself makes you think, then here is a fairly simple solution. An upper beam with a length slightly greater than the length of the future structure is installed on 2 vertically dug pillar supports. This gap makes it possible to drag logs directly from the stack to the installation site.

The wooden beam must be equipped with a metal guide on top along which the mechanism will move. Further, the technology is simple: a wheel-pulley on a bearing is connected to an L-shaped metal part, to the other end of which a manual chain hoist with a load capacity of at least 750 kg is attached. This minimum is explained by the fact that the weight of a thirty-centimeter-wide log house ranges from 270 to 400 kg, depending on the moisture content of the wood.

The pillars for such a structure must be at least 20 cm in diameter, and the beam, based on the load, is a beam of at least 15X20 cm in cross section.

The guide is a piece of reinforcement to which the tips of the nails are welded at equal distances, no more than half a meter. They will attach the guide to the wooden beam.

The beam is fixed a couple of tens of cm away from the pillars to avoid coupling between the transport device and the pillar.

To strengthen the structure, spacers are installed on the nailed beam. If the height of the pillars is 4-5 m, then for stability they must be dug into the ground 1 m and spacers must be installed on the side in which the beam shifts.

The pulley, preferably with sides, is put on the guide and the lift is ready for work.

Homemade crane

At individual construction you can’t do without a crane, which you can also make with your own hands if necessary.

A homemade crane will help install floors, foundations and all other structural elements, thanks to its ability to fall below the zero mark by 2.5 m and rise to a height of about 2 m.

Such a crane allows you to transport cargo over a distance of 3 m. For home construction, the proposed capabilities should be sufficient.

This design does not provide a turning mechanism, since the crane is not designed for loads exceeding 300 kg and can be easily turned manually along with the entire structure.

In order to make a crane with your own hands, you will need:

4 telescopic pipes with an outer diameter of 140 mm,
three-meter I-beam,
metal corners for supporting structures,
hoist or hand winch.

Homemade crane

Telescopic pipes are welded in pairs to the ends of the beams, consisting of two adjacent corners 1.5 and 0.5 m long, thus obtaining 2 U-shaped structures, which for stability are welded to the base of the beam and reinforced with triangular spacers.

Additional support corners are welded to the smaller frame, which will serve as the rear support of the crane, to prevent the future lifting device from tipping over.

An I-beam is welded in the center of the bottom of the horizontal beams so that the smaller frame is on the edge of the I-beam, and the larger one is a little further than 1.5 m from the smaller one.

A winch is attached to the bottom of the I-beam, which will be a horizontal mobile device, while the telescopic system will help move loads in the vertical direction.

Lift in the garage

How to make a homemade lift in the garage? Car enthusiasts quite often resort to self-repair vehicle, and removing a car engine manually is not an easy task.

For such purposes, it is simply necessary to have a garage lift, even if you made it yourself. The collapsible crane beam system does not take up much space and is made from:

cross pipe,
square racks on triangular supports equipped with wheels,
manual winch.

The pipe is inserted into fasteners welded to the top of the racks and secured with bolts. The winch is welded to the vertical post, and 2 rollers are welded to the beam, along which the cable from the winch moves. A winch for the garage is also easy to do with your own hands.

After use homemade faucet the beam is disassembled into 2 supports and cross beam, which fit in any corner of the garage. The advantage of such a beam crane is that its creation does not require special skills and materials; everything can be found at hand.

In addition, the beam crane will allow you to lift and transport loads of up to 800 kg within the garage.

Homemade winch for the garage. The design of the winch involves the presence of a drum with a cable, which is attached to a shaft to a frame made of square pipes. A large sprocket is attached to the outer edge of the drum, and a small sprocket is attached to the electric drive on a chain drive. If the winch is planned to be manual, then a handle is attached to the shaft on which the drum is mounted.

Car lift in the garage. To repair a car, a pit or overpass must be provided in the garage, but it is easier to organize a lift. Although this is a rather risky undertaking, equipping a lift in the garage with your own hands makes practical and economic sense.

The simplest car lift is the already described overhead crane with a winch; in this case, after lifting to the required height, the car is placed on platforms. But there is a risk of the cable breaking, so there is another garage lift.

To make a scissor lift you will need:

channels from which the platform and base are made,

and for making scissors the following are suitable:

I-beams,
hydraulic cylinder,
bushings,
pump,
distributor into two sections.

The beams are fastened with bushings using the scissor principle, and a hydraulic cylinder with a handle helps raise the scissors to the desired height.

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Do homemade winch Now almost anyone can. The main thing is to have a small number of available tools. and purchase from the store some materials necessary for the manufacture of this device. Currently, in the store you can find special threaded rods that we will need for a homemade winch. Such a device can serve us good gearbox for the manufacture of a winch lifting mechanism.

The construction of a winch must begin with a sketch. The whole principle of our work is that this threaded rod can be easily rotated, and the nut securing it should not allow our shaft to rotate. If the winch device is designed so that the nut does not move along the stud, then the effort needed to move the winch in this way will be much less than it would take to rotate a standard winch mechanism from a store. Thus, you will not only save cash, but also make the process of lifting weights easier with the help of a homemade winch.

We take the stud we bought and secure its ends in bearings that will be installed on the supports. The nut on such a stud is most often a small rectangular iron plate. to which several ordinary nuts are welded. This plate is necessary to prevent the nuts from turning.

You also need to attach a cable to this plate, which will lift and lower your loads. This cable must be passed through one of the two supports, and also thrown over the block.

At the opposite end of our cable, you can attach a securing hook or a small sling system. It all depends on what purposes you will use it for.

You insert the pin drive itself into the homemade winch manually. To simplify this process, you need to attach a pulley or a modern gear to one end of the winch mechanism.
Thus, with just a few available things, you can easily and quickly make a winch for household needs.

In a shed, home workshop or garage, you may need such a thing as a winch or hoist. These devices are not often sold in stores, and they are also quite expensive. Do winch It’s not that difficult and much less expensive to do it yourself.

First of all, to make a winch, you should take care of purchasing such a thing as a threaded pin in a store or at a flea market. They are found up to 2 m long, this is exactly what you need to purchase, because the longer the thread is, the higher the load can be lifted, in this case, its working stroke will be approximately 180 cm. The winch support or frame can be made from oak beams, but it is preferable to make it from a channel or metal profile. The caliper can also be welded from rolled metal.

So, make a frame in the shape of the letter “P”, drill holes in the sides for the bearings into which the ends of the threaded rod will be inserted. Weld a nut on both sides to a rectangular plate with a hole for the pin that is coaxial in height, this unit will be the tension nut. You should drill a hole in it for the cable; its thickness should be consistent with the purposes for which you are making winch .

Consider where in the ceiling your winch will be located. this will determine on which side the drive is located, on which side the vehicle unit being repaired will be lifted. On the side you determined, weld a corner on which to attach a block under the cable. There will be a pulley on the other side. Using a boring tool, adjust one of the ends of the stud to its inner diameter.

It should be noted that you can use sprockets instead of pulleys by using a looped chain for manual traction, since the design of this winch is designed to lift fairly large weights. But if an electric drive is preferable for you, then for this purpose you can use a cheap electric drill, power up to 500W. Then you need to put the pulley on winch and attach the second pulley to the floor.

And a few more words about the assembly of the structure. Do not skimp on the power and number of winch fasteners to the ceiling. Use long anchor bolts, if there are iron floor beams on the ceiling of your room, spot weld the structure to one of them, additionally screwing it with bolts. This way you will save both the load from falling and yourself from injury.

Crane diagram

Such a homemade lift is quite simple to manufacture, but from a practical point of view it is very inconvenient. Firstly, the load is still lifted manually, and secondly, dismantling and installing a beam from one place to another takes even more time than simply dragging weights. Similar mechanisms are used in log houses.

Materials and tools:

pillar supports;
wooden top beam;
metal guide;
wheel-pulley;
bearings;
chain hoist;
spacers;
pulley;
welding machine.

The pillars for such a structure must be at least 20 cm in diameter, and the beam, based on the load, is a beam of at least 15X20 cm in cross section.

The guide is a piece of reinforcement to which the tips of the nails are welded at equal distances, no more than half a meter. They will attach the guide to the wooden beam.

The beam is fixed a couple of tens of cm away from the pillars to avoid coupling between the transport device and the pillar.

The pulley, preferably with sides, is put on the guide and the lift is ready for work.

Homemade crane

During individual construction, you cannot do without a crane, which can also be made with your own hands if necessary.

A homemade crane will help install floors, foundations and all other structural elements, thanks to its ability to fall below the zero mark by 2.5 m and rise to a height of about 2 m.

Such a crane allows you to transport cargo over a distance of 3 m. For home construction, the proposed capabilities should be sufficient.

This design does not provide a turning mechanism, since the crane is not designed for loads exceeding 300 kg and can be easily turned manually along with the entire structure.

In order to make a crane with your own hands, you will need:

4 telescopic pipes with an outer diameter of 140 mm,
three-meter I-beam,
metal corners for supporting structures,
hoist or hand winch.

Homemade crane

Additional support corners are welded to the smaller frame, which will serve as the rear support of the crane, to prevent the future lifting device from tipping over.

An I-beam is welded in the center of the bottom of the horizontal beams so that the smaller frame is on the edge of the I-beam, and the larger one is a little further than 1.5 m from the smaller one.

A winch is attached to the bottom of the I-beam, which will be a horizontal mobile device, while the telescopic system will help move loads in the vertical direction.

Lift in the garage

How to make a homemade lift in the garage? Car enthusiasts quite often resort to self-repair of the vehicle, and removing a car engine manually is not an easy task.

For such purposes, it is simply necessary to have a garage lift, even if you made it yourself. The collapsible crane beam system does not take up much space and is made from:

cross pipe,
square racks on triangular supports equipped with wheels,
manual winch.

After use, the homemade crane beam is disassembled into 2 supports and a cross beam, which are placed in any corner of the garage. The advantage of such a beam crane is that its creation does not require special skills and materials; everything can be found at hand.

In addition, the beam crane will allow you to lift and transport loads of up to 800 kg within the garage.

To make a scissor lift you will need:

channels from which the platform and base are made,

and for making scissors the following are suitable:

I-beams,
hydraulic cylinder,
bushings,
pump,
distributor into two sections.

The beams are fastened with bushings using the scissor principle, and a hydraulic cylinder with a handle helps raise the scissors to the desired height.