What to make a quarter out of in a window opening. Do-it-yourself installation of plastic windows: installation according to GOST. What the owner of a wooden house needs to know

It often happens that you need to replace one window in your house with a plastic one. At the same time, the remaining windows have already been replaced completely or partially. In this case, it is important to install the window the same as all the others, and do it with the same installation features so that the new window does not break out general view the remaining windows.

If you want to have a high-quality window replacement, contact trusted companies, for example, the Mayskiye Okna company.

The first step is to make the correct measurements, taking into account the features of the already installed windows.

In this case, the house has windows installed in the KBE profile 70 mm, 5-chamber, white, with a white layout of 18 mm.

The house is faced with brick. A quarter is missing.

At the same time, the installation seam is covered with a plastic cover.

You also need to pay attention that all windows are raised from the base by several centimeters.

This is what the old window looks like:

Before installation, I will check the dimensions of the new product and the opening again. If all is well, you can dismantle. Before dismantling, you need to remove furniture that will interfere with work, cover the floor and radiator.

Next we dismantle the old window. We remove the sashes, then saw the old frame and take it out, removing all the debris from the opening. Since all the plastic windows that are already installed are raised from the base of the opening, we do not touch the cement masonry.

We place the frame in the opening. We align it according to the reach, as the old window was installed. We level the frame using plastic pads and wood hard rocks, for example oak, as in this case. We fix it in the opening using dowel-nails; we use two dowel-nails for each plate. This is important because the frame must be rigidly fixed to withstand wind loads.

We close the mounting seam from the outside with a special plastic cover.

We also close the bottom foam seam to prevent blowing under the window. To do this, glue a special tape (gerlenta).

Now you need to cut and install the drip, as well as plugs for the drain holes.

Preparing the window for foaming. We put the sash on the hinges, check the opening, and, if necessary, adjust it in advance. Next, you need to wedge the sash in the frame so that the frame does not squeeze when foaming. Before foaming, you need to moisten the window opening with water for better adhesion of the foam.

We foam the opening. Cut out the window sill. We set it by level. Before foaming the window sill, it is necessary to prepare weights so that it is not squeezed out by foam.

Before installing the slopes, remove the protective tape from inside the window, install the handle, and put the protective caps on the hinges.

We putty from the bottom of the window sill if the old plaster came away from the wall when the window was dismantled.

This is what the window looks like from the outside:

If you want to order window replacement in Belgorod, taking into account all your wishes, so that all stages of the work are carried out efficiently, call the May Windows company!

Window installation always begins with measuring the window opening. This procedure is the most important: the correct measurement will determine overall quality installations.

For this reason, it is recommended to entrust this procedure to professionals. But it won’t hurt to know how to measure windows correctly, because this will, at a minimum, help you determine how experienced the specialists who install windows are, and whether you should consider contacting another, more competent organization.

What are the consequences of incorrectly measuring a window opening?

Wrong taken dimensions window opening often lead to considerable problems. For example, the window frame may be larger than the opening, and this means additional expenses for expanding this very opening. Small windows will cause no less trouble. As a result of their installation, cracks may appear that will have to be filled with polyurethane foam, or the issue can be resolved by increasing the slopes. Again, unnecessary costs, both time and materials.

In addition, such a window is unlikely to cope well with the functions assigned to it: protecting an apartment or house from cold air, precipitation, etc.

It is worth noting that from different types window openings The approach to measurement also depends. We'll talk about this further.

How to correctly measure quarter-quarter window openings?

Professionals say that it is most difficult to measure window openings with a “quarter” (photo 1). In this case, we mean openings that have a protrusion of ¼ brick of the outer perimeter. This protrusion is necessary in order to protect the structure from falling out.

So, how to correctly measure windows that have such a protrusion. When measuring, it is important to take into account that usually these “quarters” are asymmetrical, their sizes may differ: for example, distortions are possible, both vertically and horizontally.

When measuring a window, specialists always follow the main rules (so that unnecessary problems do not arise during the installation process):

The size of the window frame should be such that it extends beyond the side “quarter” by about two to four centimeters, i.e. the frame should be wider;
the frame should extend beyond the upper wall of the opening no more than one and a half to two centimeters;
The window sill beam is made one to two centimeters higher than the bottom wall of the opening: this is necessary for trouble-free installation of the ebb.

The pictures show in detail how to measure a window with a “quarter”.

Figure 1: Measuring the width.

A – the width of the window along the slopes from the outside (add 4 cm to it);

B – the distance between the points where they will adjoin the frame internal slopes;

D is the actual width of the window;

C is the width of the opening from the inside.

Note: After measurements, it is necessary to check that width D is not greater than distance B and width C.

Figure 2: Height measurement.

E – window height without substitution profile;

F – height of the opening from the base to the upper slope (outside); 1-2 cm is subtracted from it for the gap, and 2-3 cm is added for the frame to go beyond the “quarter” from above;

G – height of the substitution profile

H – window height taking into account the substitution profile.

How to correctly measure a window without a “quarter”?

The presence of a “quarter” at a window opening is not always found. Such projections are usually not made in panels and wooden houses(photo 2).

Naturally, such openings require a different approach to taking dimensions. Let's name the basic rules for measuring such windows:

when measuring the opening, subtract from 2 to 10 centimeters from its width to leave space for installation seams;
There is usually only one horizontal gap - at the top; its width varies from 3 to 6 centimeters.

General rules for measuring windows for all types of openings

It is important to remember when measuring the window that the frame during installation should not rest against the opening, it should be slightly smaller. This gap, called the mounting gap, is necessary in order to leave room for natural expansion of the structure. According to the rules for installing plastic windows, the seam can be from 2 to 5 centimeters.

When measuring windows, it is important to remember that dimensions should be taken both indoors and outdoors.

When determining the width of the future window, we measure the opening at the top, in the middle and at the bottom, and select the smallest value. The distance for the gaps is subtracted from this number, the resulting value will correspond to the size of the frame. The height is also measured at several points (left, middle and right), and the distance required for the mounting gaps and substitution profile is also subtracted from the smallest value. The resulting difference is the height of the future horse.

The technology for measuring windows only seems simple. In order to avoid unnecessary errors, it is best to entrust the measurement of the window opening to professionals who can correctly calculate the frame dimensions even for the most non-standard openings.

Not so long ago, metal-plastic windows were considered a kind of “elite” element of a house or apartment, accessible to very few wealthy owners. Today the situation has changed - these window systems are no longer so expensive and have become widely used used by almost all average families. They significantly outperform wooden ones in terms of insulation, sound insulation, and By by matching all the elements, which becomes a reliable barrier to drafts and street dust. And just in appearance, such windows are very nice and easily fit into any design of the house and its premises.

In a word, both during the construction of new housing and during renovations, the issue is almost always clearly resolved in favor of installing just such. There are a great many companies, large and small, currently engaged in their assembly in almost all regions of the country. Large companies immediately include their installation in the price of their windows - with large production volumes they can afford it. But you can often find small private enterprises that require a separate fee for installation - and in today’s times this is about 2.5 ÷ 3.0 thousand rubles. It is clear that the thought immediately arises - is it so difficult to install a plastic window with your own hands? Is it possible to save on this by doing the installation yourself?

It turns out that this is quite doable. The main thing is to have a good understanding of the process technology and immediately prepare the necessary Consumables. And, of course, be extremely careful when installing and strictly follow the installation instructions.

The main stages of installing a plastic window

Must be carried out in a clear sequence. This technology has already stood the test of time, and it would be inappropriate to make adjustments to it at your own discretion.

First of all, the necessary measurements are taken and an order is placed for the window structure.
After the window is manufactured and delivered, the old frames are dismantled, the opening is cleaned, and it is adjusted - if necessary.
The next stage is preparing the new window for installation. It may vary depending on the chosen method of window installation, which will be discussed below.
Most important stage– correct installation of the window in the opening, its alignment vertically and horizontally leaving the required gaps, and fastening to the walls.
Next, the seams between the frame and the opening are sealed, and water and vapor barriers are provided.
The next step is to install the ebb sill outside and the window sill inside the room.
The final adjustment of the window mechanisms and installation of the necessary fittings are carried out.
When finishing is done in the room, window slopes are installed.

Now about the main stages - with all the details.

Two main methods of fastening plastic windows

Before you take on independent work, you need to understand a little theory.

Firstly, someone who does not accurately understand its structure should not undertake window installation. First, let's look at the window from the outside:

1 – Window frame assembled from PVC profile.

2 – Opening window sash, also made of a special profile. It can open in several planes, for example, it can be tilt-and-turn. It is suspended from the frame using special fittings that allow precise adjustment of the sash position.

3 – The central post is an impost that divides the common plane of the entire window into two or more parts. The material used is the same frame profile.

4 – Installed in the opening sash or directly in the frame profile (with a “blind” part of the window) glass unit It can be single-chamber (two glasses) or double-chamber (3 glasses).

5 – Fitting elements. In this case, the handle of the opening sash is shown.

6 – PVC window sill, which is usually ordered, purchased and installed simultaneously with the window itself.

Now let's look at the same window in section (for convenience, continuous numbering is used, that is, if positions coincide with the top picture, their numbers are saved):

— The frame profile (item 1) has several air chambers (usually from 3 to 5 ÷ 6) - the more of them, the higher the thermal insulation qualities window system. Profiles are counted along a horizontal line in the direction from the street to the room. In this case, the figure shows a three-chamber profile.

— Inside the profile there is a reinforcing metallic profile(pos. 7). This item etc I guess T t the required rigidity of the frame structure.

— The structure of the sash profile (item 2) is approximately the same. The number of chambers is usually the same as on the frame; a reinforcing metal element is also placed inside (item 8)

— The glass unit in the frame or in the window sash is held in place by glazing beads (item 9).

— The diagram additionally shows the device window slope from PVC panel. Pos. 10 – starting profile, pos. eleven - PVC panel, pos. 12 - also made of PVC.

Of course, windows from different manufacturers may have their own characteristics, the cross-sectional shape of the profiles and reinforcement, the number of air chambers, and the design of the glass unit may differ, but the typical layout remains the same.

More details about this, and how to correctly approach the choice of its optimal model, are described in a special publication on our portal.

Secondly, you need to decide on the method of fastening the window in the opening. In practice, two main approaches are used - installation directly through the frame using dowels or anchors, or installation using brackets (anchor plates) pre-attached to the window.

A. In the first case (in the figure on the left), the frame is drilled through, and a hole is made in the wall coaxially with the hole in it. The fastening element is inserted through the frame, tightened, and its head will then be hidden by the installed double-glazed window or covered sash.

Advantages of this method:

The window in the opening is installed much more accurately.
The fastening strength of the entire window system is higher, so this approach is the only possible one when large sizes windows (2000 mm or more on any side), or where high external loads(especially windy places, high floors, etc.)

Flaws:

The window requires mandatory disassembly - removal of beads and double-glazed windows, opening sashes. For an inexperienced master This - unnecessary problem , since when dismantling the beads it is easy to scratch or even bend, and the removed double-glazed window requires especially careful handling. Due to the need for disassembly, this method is often called installation with unpacking the window.
Violating the integrity of the profile (drilling through it) reduces its thermal insulation qualities, and in certain conditions can provoke.
Similar installation takes longer.

B. Installation on anchor plates or other brackets mounted on the end part of the PVC window frame. After placing the window in the desired position in the opening, these plates are attached with dowels or anchors to the wall (shown schematically in the top figure on the right). The window sill and further finishing of the slopes will hide them from view.

Advantages:

Such installation is easier and faster, especially if standard anchor plates are used, which fit tightly into the grooves intended for them on the end part of the profile.

The integrity of the profile is not compromised - there is no need to drill through it.
There is no mandatory need to disassemble the window - it can be installed assembled. (Because of this, this method is sometimes called “no decompression”). True, this advantage can be called very conditional, for several reasons. Firstly, most often windows are delivered from the manufacturer in disassembled form. Secondly, installing an assembled window with double-glazed windows installed, especially on a high floor, is very difficult and dangerous due to its large mass. And thirdly, filling the remaining gaps from the outside, ensuring external waterproofing and it is still more convenient to install the ebb tide with the double-glazed windows completely removed.

Flaw, in principle, one, which has already been mentioned - in terms of installation strength, in terms of the resistance of a large window to weight and wind loads, this method is significantly inferior.

Taking measurements

It is immediately appropriate to make one very important remark. Apartment owners, one way or another, will have to contact a company that manufactures windows to place an order. The optimal situation would be for a manufacturer’s representative to come and independently carry out all the necessary measurements. Firstly, a specialist in this matter has much more experience, and the likelihood of an error will be minimal. Measurers, as a rule, are already familiar with all typical buildings, and it is much easier for them to understand the nuances of window openings. And secondly, if it suddenly happens that the manufactured window, for some reason, suddenly does not correspond to the opening, then all responsibility will fall on the company’s employees, and the customer will have the right to demand the production of the correct window design.

Measurements are most often a free service.

Very often, in serious companies, measuring the opening is included in the cost of the order and is not paid additionally, so there is no need to fool yourself.

If you decide to take the measurements yourself, you should first understand the configuration of the window opening.

In panel high-rise buildings, most often there are openings with a quarter - a monolithic side on both sides and on top of the opening, forming such way external slope of the window (in the figure - on the left).
IN brick houses usually there is no quarter - the opening is formed by straight planes perpendicular to the wall (in the picture on the right).

Measurements of different openings have their own characteristics.

Measuring a window opening with a quarter

When measuring a window with a quarter, it is taken into account that on both vertical sides and on top the window frame should be quartered by 15 ÷ 25 mm, and there should still be a gap left for filling it with polyurethane foam.

This means that the measurement is carried out as follows:

Outside, in several places (top, center, bottom), the distance is measured strictly horizontally A between opposite slopes. Considering that the window should overlap them by 15 ÷ 25 mm, add 30 ÷ 50 mm to the resulting distance. This way the required window width is obtained in advance.

Now measurements are taken inside. The width of the opening is determined WITH at its widest point, at the level of the wall (also horizontally in several places - for control). Not to be confused with size IN, which shows the distance between the slopes near the frame itself - this indicator in this case has no determining value.

Now you can compare the previously obtained width of the required window with the width of the opening. On each side there should be at least 20 mm left for sealing with polyurethane foam. It is possible to adjust the ordered width, since there is a certain range of window opening to a quarter.

Now about the window height. The entry of the frame into the upper quarter remains the same. lower quarter, usually, does not happen in openings, since a window sill and an external ebb are installed here. To install them, it is necessary to additionally use an installation profile under the window frame. Most often, manufacturers install it during the order process, but it never hurts to check it.

An important design element is the substitution profile

So, how to correctly measure and calculate the height of the window:

Measurements are taken from the outside - from the top quarter to the point where the inclined ebb (if it is standing) touches the outer corner of the opening ( F).

15 ÷ 25 mm is added to this value - this is the frame extending to the upper quarter. Now you need to subtract 30 mm - this is the height of the installation profile. There should also be a gap under it for sealing - from 5 to 20 mm. They are also subtracted from the resulting value. The result should be the required window height.

For control, measurements are taken inside - from the top point of the opening to the window sill ( E), and then you need to try to measure the distance from top the surface of the window sill to the “bare” opening (sometimes it makes sense to remove the window sill altogether, since it will soon change anyway). The resulting height of the opening will allow you to check the correctness of the calculations - window height + substitution profile + not less 20 mm at the top and 5 ÷ 20 mm at the bottom for sealing with polyurethane foam.

Note - if you do not plan to install a substitution profile (which in itself is a serious drawback), then the gap between the frame and the opening from below is left not less than 40 mm.

You can immediately take measurements to order the window sill, ebb and flow and slopes.

The length of the ebb is equal to the distance between the quarters (A) plus 50 mm. Width – the distance from the window to the edge of the opening plus 20 ÷ 30 mm.

Window sill length - maximum opening width ( WITH) plus 50 mm. The width is usually standardized, and the most suitable option for specific conditions is selected, taking into account the distance from the frame to the angle between the opening and the internal wall, plus the desired distance for the window sill to protrude outwards (usually another 30 ÷ 50 mm).

Measurement of a straight opening, without a quarter.

With a simple straight opening, measurements and calculations will be much easier.

Measuring for a straight opening is much easier

The opening is measured vertically and horizontally at several points, in the widest places (in the diagram - A).

The width of the window will thus be equal to this distance minus two values of the installation gap WITH. As before, we take it as 20 mm, that is, in the end we subtract 40 mm.
The height of the window is determined by the difference between the height of the opening, the installation gap at the top (20 mm) and the thickness of the installation profile (30 mm) and the 10 mm gap below it. If the profile is not installed, then the installation gap from below is 40 mm. In total, 60 mm is subtracted from the total height of the opening.

Otherwise, the measurements remain the same as with a quarter window.

If the measurements have been completed, you can proceed to place your order. But one more time not superfluous will repeat - it is better to call a surveyor to the house so that he takes into account all possible nuances, for example, a slight misalignment of the opening that has arisen due to shrinkage of the building.

Preparing tools and consumables

While the window is being manufactured, it makes sense to start preparing for further work. It is necessary to prepare tools and consumables for installation.

Tools and materials you will need:

	Rotary hammer with a set of drills (6, 8 and 10 mm) and a hammer chisel		Screwdriver with bit set
	Drill 10.2 mm for metal		Screwdriver Set
	Roulette		Construction level, better than 300 mm long
	Construction knife		Marking pencil
	Rubber or special plastic hammer, for PVC windows		Spatula, width 50 ÷ 60 mm
	Hacksaw for cutting PVC		Wood hacksaw
	Anchor plates - if the “without unpacking” or combined fastening method is used		Drive-in dowel nails, Ø6 mm – for anchor plates or Ø10 mm – when fastening through the frame.
	Metal frame dowels (anchors) Ø 10 mm		Self-tapping screws 4×16 and 4×25
	Pre-compressed self-expanding sealing tape (PSUL)		Thermal and vapor barrier tape PPE, preferably foil
	Vapor permeable diffuse tape		Polyurethane foam and a gun for its application
	Silicone sealant - a small tube should be enough.		Wedges for window alignment. You can use specialized plastic ones or limit yourself to wooden ones.

The table requires some explanation:

I.First of all, let’s figure out the number of fastening points. It depends on the size and design of the window. There are certain standards that ensure reliable fixation of the window system. Below is a diagram of the approximate placement of fastening points. Three of the most common options - a window with an impost, a completely blind window and a balcony block.

In all three cases, three basic quantities appear, A, IN And WITH.

A– distance from internal corner window frame to the fastening points. Be sure to place two points from the corner, both vertically and horizontally. Value A is taken to be from 150 to 180 mm.

IN– the maximum distance between adjacent points on one side of the frame. It is taken equal to:

— for “white” PVC windows – no more than 700 mm.

- for windows made from colored PVC profiles - 600 mm.

WITH– the distance from the impost to the fastening point towards the larger sash area (if two wide sash are the same, then it is better to install fasteners on both sides). The value of this distance is from 120 to 180 mm.

Having such a diagram before your eyes and knowing the linear dimensions of the ordered window, it is easy to calculate the required amount of fasteners. It is advisable to immediately sketch out a diagram of the placement of fastening points - this will be a good help when carrying out the work.

II. What type of fasteners will be needed? It depends on the wall material and on the method of fastening the window in the opening.

If the “unpacking” fastening method is used, that is, through the frame, then metal frame dowels (anchors) or dowel-nails with a diameter of 10 mm are used. In this case, it is advisable to use anchors on concrete, brick (solid or hollow brick), expanded clay concrete, foam concrete walls or walls made of natural natural stone. Dowel nails are preferable on walls made of materials that do not have a high degree of compressive strength, for example, lightweight concrete or other porous materials. They are also suitable for hollow blocks and bricks.

In the case where installation on anchor plates will be used, two dowel-nails with a diameter of 6 or 8 mm. In addition, you will need the plates themselves - and it is better to purchase them from the same organization that manufactures the window - special hooks on the plate must exactly fit the PVC profile. To attach the plate, you will also need self-tapping screws with a 4 × 25 mm drilling point - one piece for each attachment point.

The length of the main fastening elements must be such that, taking into account the thickness of the frame and the width of the mounting clearance, a minimum penetration into the thickness of the wall is ensured. For different wall materials it has its own value - see the table:

Small 4 × 16 self-tapping screws may be needed to attach the flashing and auxiliary elements for installing the window sill. They are also needed if you plan to install a mosquito net on the outside of the window - they attach plastic brackets to the frame profile.

PSUL tape is purchased with the expectation that it will be enough for the entire perimeter of the window. It is installed in such a way as to seal the gap between the window and the adjacent quarter - on the sides and top. And it will be attached from below when installing the external ebb. If the window opening is without quarters, then, accordingly, less tape will be needed.
PPE tape with foil - it will be necessary to completely insulate the perimeter of the window from the inside.
Vapor permeable diffuse membrane tape - will cover the bottom side of the window from the outside when doorway with a quarter, and it is advisable to glue it along the entire perimeter, if the opening is straight, without a quarter.
Polyurethane foam: best option– purchase cylinders with “pro” foam, the use of which will require a special gun. It does not give “inadequate” expansion, like the cheap ones sold in spray bottles, and will not have a deforming effect on the frame struts. In addition, it is of much higher quality, more durable, and applying it to the right places is much easier, without unnecessary waste.
Finally, silicone sealant. It may be needed to seal narrow gaps between the frame and the window sill or slopes. At correct installation If there are any gaps, they will be very insignificant, that is, large quantity no sealant required.

And finally prudent the owner will purchase film with which he will cover pieces of furniture, walls, and floors in the room where the window will be installed - the work will be quite dusty at first.

Removing an old window

After the window is manufactured and delivered to the work site, you can move on. It is clear that before installing a new PVC window, it is necessary to dismantle the old one and clear the opening. This work is quite dirty and labor-intensive, but you can’t do without it. An approximate sequence of actions is in the table below:

Miniature	Description of the operations performed
	The largest sashes are removed first. For example, if a balcony block is dismantled, then the door is removed. There is an important nuance - you can remove sashes or doors along with glass only if the structure has retained its rigidity. If the window “plays” or is very rotten, then for reasons of basic safety the glass is first removed and taken out.
	It is recommended to immediately remove all dismantled parts from the work area - there is a high risk of accidentally breaking the old window glass and get injured.
	If the side of the window has a window, then remove it first. If you were unable to unscrew the old hinge fasteners (and most often this happens), you will have to apply force - usually this is enough to remove the window.
	Windows are usually suspended on hinges from which they can be removed simply by lifting them from below with a pry bar.
	All windows and vents have been removed - you can proceed to dismantling the frame.
	First, the central post - the impost - is removed. To make this easier, the import is sawed down closer to the bottom of the frame. You need to saw with a hacksaw - in some videos, craftsmen flaunt the fact that they use a “grinder” for this. Under no circumstances should you repeat after them - this is extremely dangerous!
	The sawn impost itself becomes a lever, which will not be difficult to break out of the frame.
	Next, the lower frame jumper is removed. Again, for ease of dismantling, it is advisable to saw it through using a jigsaw.
	Using a pry bar or nail puller as a lever, one of the halves is pulled up.
	If there is resistance at the place where it is attached to the vertical stand, then you can help yourself there with a pry bar
	After this, the second half is broken out in the same way.
	After removing the lower lintel, dismantle the window sill. It can be knocked down with a hammer from the street side.
	The window sill is removed and exposes the lower plane of the window opening.
	Move to a vertical stand. Often it is tightly wedged at the top and bottom. Then it is better to move it a little away from the wall and also saw it with a jigsaw.
	It will not be difficult to pull out the two halves of the rack one by one
	The upper part of the frame on one side no longer rests on anything, and should come off without any problems.
	Last vertical stand The frame should also not resist if it is carefully pryed with a pry bar. Sometimes, in order to get to the gap between the frame posts and the wall, you have to use a hammer drill to chop off the plastered slopes.
	The last stage is to clean the vacated window opening from old sealant, construction debris, etc. cleaning is carried out very carefully so that the opening remains completely clean before installing the window. Ingoda makes sense to use hard brushes and a vacuum cleaner. All waste is loaded into bags and immediately removed from the work area.

Sometimes you have to resort to adjusting the opening - removing defects in the concrete casting, mortar residues, etc. The easiest way to do this is with a hammer drill, installing a chisel-spatula on it. It is also advisable to immediately drill small grooves in the wall on both sides, about 50 mm wide and deep and about 30 mm high, right at the place where the window sill will be installed.

After removing the dust, you should not be lazy and go over the entire opening with a layer - this will strengthen the surface to a certain extent and improve adhesion with the polyurethane foam.

Preparing a new window for installation

A. If you plan to install a window “with unpacking,” then it is advisable to stipulate even when placing the order that it be delivered disassembled (and this most often happens). If not, you will have to disassemble it yourself.

First, the glazing beads are removed from the blind sash. They can be pryed off with the blunt side of a knife or a spatula, starting from the center. Then, when the first gap appears, it is expanded by carefully moving the instrument in one direction and the other.

The main thing is to carefully pry the glazing bead in the center

The bead should disengage in the groove and separate in the locking part. Then all that remains is to place your fingers under it and carefully separate along the entire length. It is advisable to number the removed glazing bead so that there is no confusion when reverse installation. But it is better to make a mark with a pencil from the inside out - a pencil mark from a PVC surface is very difficult to wipe off.

Retrieved. The most convenient way to do this is with a special suction cup, but if you don’t have one, you can do it this way. Be careful - the glass unit is quite heavy and may have sharp edges - it is better to work with gloves.

Please note that plastic inserts may be located under the glass unit. Their position will need to be marked in some way so that they will fit in the same place during installation.

Prices for a popular line of windows

Video: how to remove double glazing from a PVC window

There is no need to remove the glass unit from the opening sash - just remove the sash itself. This is not difficult to do. To begin with, the sash handle is moved to the “closed” position - it looks down. The decorative casing is removed from both hinges, top and bottom - it should be easy to pry off with a thin screwdriver. Then we move on to the top loop. It has an axial vertical pin, slightly protruding outward. It is pushed down, and then either carefully knocked out using a thin screwdriver (its diameter should be less than the diameter of the pin), or pulled out by picking it up with pliers.

After this, the sash handle is moved to the “open” position. The door tilts up onto itself and is then removed with a translational upward movement from the lower axis. The removed sash, as well as the dismantled double-glazed windows, is temporarily removed from the work area so as not to be accidentally damaged during further operations.

Video: how to remove a PVC window sash

The next step in preparation is drilling holes to mount the window in the opening. To do this, according to the previously drawn up diagram for placing the fastening points, the centers of the holes are marked and lightly marked. A metal drill Ø 10.2 mm is inserted into the chuck of a drill, hammer drill (switched to non-impact action) or screwdriver.

Drilling is best done from the outside of the frame. In this case, the drill, quickly passing through the PVC layer, immediately, without distortion, rests on the reinforcing profile. After it is passed, one insignificant obstacle remains in the form of the internal PVC surface of the frame. If you change the direction of drilling a hole, it is much more difficult to achieve its perpendicularity and even edges.

The presence of a wildcard profile is checked. It is attached from the bottom using the usual lock connection, entering the grooves of the frame part. If for some reason it is not there, then it is advisable to purchase and install it. Most often, it does not require additional fastening. Experienced craftsmen advise filling the cavities of this profile with polyurethane foam in advance, about a day before installing the window, so that it does not become “ weak link» in thermal insulation of the entire window system.

The protective coating is removed from the outside of the frame. If this is not done immediately, then it will be very difficult to separate the film that has been in the sun even a little. And in general, it will be difficult to remove the protective coating from the outside after installing the window. WITH inside This coating can be removed later.

If it stands on the window mosquito net, then now is the time to mount brackets for it. They are installed on 2 × 16 mm self-tapping screws, screwed to the PVC profile.

Their placement should be such that it does not interfere with pressing the window to the upper quarter of the opening, and to ensure reliable fixation of the mesh, as well as installation and removal of it by moving it upward until it stops in the upper brackets.

The last preparatory step in this case is gluing PSUL tape on three sides of the window, in those areas where the frame will be pressed against the quarters of the opening.

Typically, the PSUL is placed in such a way that there is a gap of about 3 ÷ 5 mm between its inner side facing the center of the window and the edge of the quarter.

B. If the window is to be installed on anchor plates, the preparation process will have its own characteristics.

— Firstly, you don’t have to unglaze the blind sash - it will be enough to remove the opening ones. True, this has already been mentioned; installation will be somewhat more complicated due to the large mass of the window.

— Secondly, anchor plates are installed at the intended fastening points. They have serrated or smooth hooks that should fit perfectly into the grooves on the outside of the frame profile. It is enough to apply moderate force, for example, by knocking it with a mounting hammer, and they will fall into place.

Installing the anchor plate into the profile groove...

There is a hole in the center through which they are fixed to the profile with a 4 × 25 mm self-tapping screw - it, passing through the reinforcing metal profile, will reliably hold the plate in the installed place. The plates are attached perpendicular to the frame, and then bent so that they fit into the window when installed. doorway.

... and fixing it with a self-tapping screw

On the opening itself, on its slopes, in those places where the plates will fall, you can make recesses in advance with a hammer drill. The goal is to reach the wall material, knocking off the unreliable plaster layer (if there is one), and make it easier for yourself to further work on finishing the slopes - the plates will not interfere with this. However, such an operation, especially when installing a window in a “bare” opening, is not mandatory - all this can then be covered with finishing.

The remaining preparation steps do not differ from those about co which were mentioned above.

Installation and fastening of windows in doorway

Very carefully, taking all precautions and, possibly, additional insurance against the frame tipping outward, it is placed in the window opening. If the opening has quarters, then the frame should fit tightly to them through the glued PSUL.

The next most important task is to very accurately align the frame in the vertical and horizontal planes, and the main tool becomes building level. Can I give one good advice– temporarily fix the window approximately in the center from above onto the anchor plate – the degree of freedom will be preserved, and the work will be much easier.

The level is set on the inner plane of the lower frame jumper - that’s why a tool is preferable dl other 300 mm. The absence of vertical collapse of the frame is checked by applying a level from the side of the room to the impost and to the side posts.

To ensure the necessary clearances on all sides and the correct positioning of the frame, wooden or plastic wedges are used.

Plastic ones are definitely preferable, and if you have the opportunity to purchase them, then this would be an ideal option. They “work in pairs”, hooking one after another through fine teeth. Moving (knocking) them one relative to the other, you can set the desired height with an accuracy of up to a millimeter.

You can, of course, get by with wooden wedges or pads, but this often requires cutting them, replacing them, installing several pieces in a “pyramid” pattern, etc.

The wedges should wedge the window so that you can proceed to fastening it in the opening.

When installing fasteners using the “unpacking” method, experienced craftsmen It is often practiced to make a hole in the wall directly through already drilled channels in the frame profile. This is quite acceptable, but only if the installer is 100% confident in the quality of the wall, the power of the tool, and the steadiness of his hand. It happens that the hammer drill encounters an obstacle, a beating begins, which, if not stopped, can turn a neat hole in the PVC profile.

Drilling a hole directly through the frame is quite dangerous.

If there are any doubts about this, it is better to carefully mark the centers of the holes with a hammer drill, then remove the frame, and then start drilling. True, in this case you will have to put the window back in its previous position and wedge it, but with the drilled holes this will not be difficult to do.

Driving the anchor into the prepared socket...

The anchor is inserted into the hole directly through the frame, hammered with a hammer until it is completely immersed, and then twisted, but without “fanatical” force so that the head does not deform the PVC profile. If dowel-nails are used, the plastic part is inserted first, and then the spacer nail is carefully driven in.

...followed by tightening

The fastener heads are decorated with special plugs, lightly lubricating them from below with a drop of silicone sealant to be sure.

When installing a window on anchor plates, the process is even simpler. They are finally given the required bend so that they fit tightly to the surface of the window opening. Directly through their holes, holes are drilled in the wall Ø 6 mm, into which dowel-nails are installed and hammered.

Window installed using the “without unpacking” method

The standards specify two fasteners per plate, although, judging by numerous photographs on the Internet, many craftsmen limit themselves to one. Probably, with two, it’s more reliable, and they’re not at all expensive. However, sometimes the steepness of the bend of the plate simply does not allow installing two dowels.

Sealing gaps

After the window is securely fixed in the opening, you can proceed to sealing the gaps between it and the opening, installing a window sill and ebb.

An important note - in the case when the installer decided for the sake of economy ( absolutely unjustified) use inexpensive “household” polyurethane foam, you must first assemble the window - install sashes and double-glazed windows. The fact is that such foam has a very significant expansion force, which can even lead to slight deformation - deflection into the frame profile. And even a slight curvature can lead to difficulties with installing a double-glazed window or closing the sash, which means that the window must be given “standard” rigidity before foaming.

Filling the openings with high-quality “professional” foam will not entail such consequences. Using a pistol with a long and easy-to-use mouthpiece, filling is carried out down up. Under no circumstances should there be any internal cavities left - the foam should lie evenly and tightly. Its residual expansion is insignificant, which allows you to economically control its consumption. Special attention– narrow cavities, for example, under a mounting profile.

While the window is disassembled, nothing prevents you from checking the filling of the openings with foam from the outside, making certain adjustments if necessary. This is especially important if opening has no quarters.

If the width of the gap between the frame and the opening is more than 20 mm, then it is likely that you will have to fill it with foam in two passes, with a pause between them of 2 ÷ 3 hours. The quality of the filling will only benefit from this.

Mounting is an excellent insulation material, but very vulnerable. It must be protected from sunlight and excessive humidity. This should be done immediately after it has completely hardened (in about a day) and the excess is cut off.

If opening does not have quarters, then you should not delay the installation of external slopes, which should completely hide the frozen layer of foam from direct contact with ultraviolet rays. Solutions here can be different, for example, plastering or covering with panels.

But in any case, it is recommended to first cover the outside of the foam with a diffuse membrane - it is necessary to ensure the free release of water vapor into the atmosphere, while preventing the penetration of moisture from the outside. Moisture, if it accumulates in the thickness of the insulation, is capable of destructive effects when freezing and expanding.

And on the inside, another tape is used - PPE, which has both hydro- and vapor barrier qualities. It will not allow direct penetration of water into the insulation layer from the inside, nor penetration of steam. In addition, the foil layer facing the room is another frontier of reliable thermal insulation.

Installation of window sill and ebb

A. Window sill installation can be done in different ways. So, they are mounted on glue or foam, on special brackets or or using homemade fasteners, made, for example, from straight hangers, which are usually used with galvanized drywall profiles.

Ideally, the window sill at its base should fit into a special groove for it on the substitution profile. Sometimes the design of the frame itself implies the presence of a special quarter, designed specifically to mate with the plane of the window sill. If it is not there, then the panel can be slipped under the frame profile, wedging it from below to fit tightly to it.

To make it easier to understand, an approximate diagram is provided. correct installation window sill and low tide. Pay attention to the location film membranes.

Let's consider the option of installing a window sill on polyurethane foam, as one of the most common.

Wedges are placed under the window sill panel (again, better adjustable plastic ones), in increments of 400 ÷ 500 mm. The panel itself is cut to the exact size, often taking into account a slight recess into the wall on both sides. You can cut the window sill with a fine-tooth hacksaw.
Then, by adjusting the height of the wedges, ensure that the panel inserted into its designated slot on the frame or mounting profile is in an exactly horizontal position.
Now the window sill must be loaded so that when filling the space under it with foam, it does not move from its established position. The load can be given by placing, for example, containers of water on the windowsill evenly along the entire length.

The space under the window between the wedges is completely filled with polyurethane foam. She will and thermal insulator, and will act as glue.
It will be possible to remove the load only after the foam has completely hardened.

If there is a small gap left between the frame and the window sill, it is carefully sealed with white silicone sealant.

B. The next step is to install the tide outside. An approximate diagram is shown in the figure.

The low tide mounting area is already covered vapor permeable membrane that completely covered the polyurethane foam. It is recommended to glue a PSUL strip along the plane of the opening - the ebb located at an angle will rest on it, which will create another barrier against the penetration of moisture from the street.

The ebb itself is attached to the substitution profile with 4 × 16 self-tapping screws, in increments of 100 ÷ 150 mm. It can be mounted on an overlay, and then it makes sense to coat its edge with silicone sealant. But it’s even better if its curved edge fits into a special groove in the mounting profile from below - then you won’t have to worry about rainwater getting under the tide at all.

Just like the window sill, it makes sense to slightly deepen the plane of the wall on both sides by hollowing out grooves for this. Then it will be easy to seal them with plaster.

Final window assembly

When the installation of the main elements is completed, you need to bring the window into fully working state.

The double-glazed windows are inserted into place using the plastic pads that were originally there. According to the numbering, the glazing beads are mounted in place. This is most conveniently done with a special rubber or plastic hammer. The bead should sit exactly along its entire length - straightness, an audible click and the absence of a gap will indicate that it has clearly taken its position.

The removed sashes are installed in place - how to do this has already been described and shown above. After installation, the operability of the mechanism for opening and closing the sash in all modes and the tightness of its fit to the frame are immediately checked.
If there is a need, an accurate one is made (how to do this is in a special article on the portal). If there is no need for adjustment, the hinges are covered with decorative covers.

Essentially, the window installation is complete. Only the issue of installation remained unsolved - but this is a topic for separate consideration, which is also given attention on the pages of our portal.

In conclusion - detailed Video instruction for installation of metal-plastic windows. Read, watch, evaluate your strengths in order to make a decision - is it feasible to install a plastic window with your own hands, or does it still make sense to turn to specialists for help?