How to make wall blocks yourself. Machines and equipment. Cinder concrete blocks

Cinder block is a fairly cheap material for the construction of low-rise buildings. In addition, you can build a building from cinder blocks with your own hands, without the help of specialists. To reduce the cost of such blocks, they resort to making cinder blocks themselves.

Cinder blocks are made at home only if you plan to build a garage or other outbuilding. If you plan to build a residential building, then it is better to buy a cinder block, or use, for example, foam concrete.

For small building you can build a mold for making material with your own hands. For mass production, you need to acquire a special machine designed for making blocks.

It is preferable to make a mold for cinder blocks from metal

To make a block with your own hands, the first step is to draw up drawings of the form and equipment. Usually, the mold for the material is designed so that the output is a block of standard sizes. But you can also make the block larger or smaller, depending on the type of construction and the goals pursued.

Necessary materials for work:

wooden or metal mold for preparing the material;
necessary components for mixing the composition;
concrete mixer (you can make it yourself);
a warehouse for storing cinder blocks, which prevents water from entering the material;
vibration table (possible without it);
vibrating machine (for making large quantity cinder blocks).

How to make a block mold?

In production, the molds are made of iron or steel so that they can handle large volumes of solution, up to several tons. To produce such blocks with your own hands, you can use wooden mold . In essence, you should get a formwork into which the cinder block mixture will be poured.

Thickness must be taken into account wooden sheets when taking measurements, so that the dimensions of the future cinder block are inner part forms.

Usually, to make it easier to remove the cinder block, the mold is made without a bottom, placing film underneath. But it is necessary to ensure that the surface of the base is level, as are the wooden parts. A flat table can act as a surface, concrete surface or sheet of iron.

For construction load-bearing walls Hollow blocks are used, for which they use hollow bottles that form voids; they are pre-filled with water so that they do not float out of the solution.

Mixture composition

To learn how to make a cinder block yourself, you need to know what is included in the mixture.

The mixture for cinder blocks has the following composition:

cement;
water;
sand;
slag components.

In fact, almost any construction waste is thrown into the mixture for cinder blocks, which is not entirely correct

For making cinder blocks with your own hands the following proportions must be adhered to:

7 parts slag;
3 parts sand;
1 part cement;
1 part water.

For the manufacture of blocks, cement grade M-400 is usually used. Of course, it is better to use M-500 cement. In this case, it can be used 10-15% less.

What can blocks be made from?

Making blocks yourself allows you to save money. Cement, of course, will have to be purchased at the store, but the remaining components can be obtained for free. Water and sand are natural elements that are not difficult to obtain. Slag components can be obtained from almost any construction waste:

wood sawdust;
brick break;
broken glass;
ash;
crushed stone waste;
breakage of hardened cement mortar;
metallurgical waste.

As you can see, slag components can also be obtained for free.

How to make cinder blocks yourself?

Material manufacturing process:

The necessary components are placed in the concrete mixer in the indicated proportions. The mixture is prepared in the same way as regular concrete mixture for building the foundation.
The mixture is poured into a prepared form. After pouring, it must be compacted. In mass production this is done using a special vibration machine. But in its absence, this can be done by tapping the mold on top with an ordinary hammer. This is necessary so that the mixture is properly compacted and fills all the voids of the mold, and also so that all air bubbles come out. After all, the more air contained inside the block, the less its strength becomes.
To form voids it is necessary to install glass bottles, pre-filled with water. Typically, 2 bottles are used for one block, which are placed evenly across the entire base of the mixture.

Finished cinder blocks are usually removed from the molds after 2-4 days. The material will fully harden after 28 days., only then can the blocks be used in construction. To prevent cracking of the resulting cinder blocks during hardening, they must be periodically moistened with water, especially if drying occurs in hot weather.

Voids in the block do not reduce its strength, but increase thermal insulation and noise absorption

Manufacturing equipment

The method described above is considered low-cost. It will be useful for those who want to build a small outbuilding. If you plan to mass produce cinder blocks, you will need special equipment, the price of which may vary according to some indicators.

The equipment for making cinder blocks is a vibrating machine. Prices per piece for it are completely different, and may differ in a number of indicators:

manufacturer;
power;
performance.

It is not recommended to stack blocks on top of each other during drying, but only after complete drying.

The quality of the structure directly depends on the quality of cinder blocks, so the process of their manufacture must be approached very responsibly. It is necessary to maintain drawings, observe safety precautions, and be competent in mixing the mixture and maintaining the required proportions.

Price

One block measuring 188x190x390, costs from 22 to 65 rubles, depending on a number of indicators. But if you find out how to make cinder blocks at home, you can get the material even cheaper. The only thing you will have to spend money on is the equipment and materials needed to make cinder blocks.

Conclusion

In order to make cinder blocks yourself, you do not need to be a professional or undergo training. The process of making blocks is very simple. If you plan to build a small outbuilding, then there is no need to buy material; you can make it yourself even without special equipment.

If you plan to build a large building, for example, a house with several floors, then you will need special equipment capable of producing dozens of blocks per hour. This way you can increase the speed of construction.

How to make cinder blocks with your own hands at home is clear from the video:

Homemade machine for the production of building blocks with your own hands

The modern building materials market offers a wide range of wall blocks. But not everyone knows that reducing the cost of building a private house, cottage, garage or utility room is quite real. Instead of buying bricks or cinder blocks, it’s enough to start making them yourself. To do this, you need to use a machine for producing blocks, and if the budget does not allow, you need to make a vibropressing machine yourself.

Inexpensive factory models of vibration machines are no different high performance, but for private use this is not required. True, buy a machine for construction small house, where you will need about a thousand blocks of standard size, will not be entirely profitable. Therefore, as an option, you can consider renting equipment for a certain period. This will be enough to procure building materials for future use.

Factory machine for making building blocks with your own hands

Types of building blocks

Brick is still the main material in the construction of high-rise buildings, but for low-rise construction it is cheaper to use other building materials. If you exclude wood, which is now expensive, the choice will still be varied. Modern wall materials are made from:

foam concrete;
slag concrete;
aerated concrete;
expanded clay concrete.

Block characteristics comparison table

As a filler for cinder blocks, a variety of and sometimes exotic materials are used, which are industrial waste: screenings, broken glass and bricks, sawdust, wood chips.

Let's first consider how expanded clay blocks and cinder blocks are made independently, as the most budget-friendly among all the above building materials.

DIY expanded clay blocks

If there are no problems with expanded clay in your region, you can consider yourself lucky: expanded clay concrete, despite its cheapness, is rarely found on sale, but this construction material characterized by a whole range of positive properties. To make expanded clay blocks you will need:

expanded clay itself;
cement;
sand;
water.

The main material for creating the mixture will be fine expanded clay

When mixing the solution, it is important to adhere to a certain sequence: expanded clay is added to the water, then cement, and finally sand. The proportions of the solution are as follows: for nine liters of water, use 54 kg of expanded clay, 9 kg of cement and 27 kg of sand. The result will be a mixture weighing about 100 kilograms, with the yield of finished blocks in the amount of 9-10 pieces.

Manufacturing technology of expanded clay concrete blocks

If it is not possible to use a specialized machine (such equipment is not cheap), expanded clay concrete can be produced on a non-industrial scale using special matrices. You will also need an appropriate container for the solution, a flat area and formwork made of wood or metal in the shape of the letter “E”.

A concrete mixer, a standard piece of equipment in a builder’s arsenal, will help reduce time losses and reduce labor costs. If there is a shortage of time, the problem can be solved by using a vibrating machine; a simple model of such a machine can be made independently.

To do this, it is enough to attach a low-power but high-speed electric motor to the mold, which is converted into a full-fledged vibrator using an eccentric. Vibrations of the matrix force the mixture to be distributed in the mold as densely and evenly as possible, improving the strength characteristics finished products. Factory-made brick making machines have maximum productivity: professional machines are equipped with additional equipment that allows you to automate the process, eliminating heavy manual labor. But such vibropressing machines also cost a lot.

Do-it-yourself cinder block production

Expanded clay is beautiful and inexpensive material for making building blocks, but an even more economical way to conduct construction is to use cinder blocks. Having comparable sound and heat insulation characteristics, slag concrete is made from materials whose cost is an order of magnitude lower.

The industry is not interested in producing cinder block building material - it is more economically profitable to produce expensive analogues ( building blocks from foam concrete, aerated concrete, brick). But special equipment for forming cinder concrete blocks is on sale, and quite a lot. The range of prices for such vibrating machines is huge: from simple models with a static matrix, which can easily be assembled in garage conditions from scrap materials to fully automated lines.

Cinder block: manufacturing technology

A modern cinder block has dimensions of 188x190x390 mm, a solid building material is characterized by sufficient strength for arranging foundations and multi-story construction, hollow ones are used in all other cases. The voids can be round, rectangular or square, the number varies from one to 8-10 voids, the voidness rate ranges from 25-50%. Almost equal in strength to monolithic products, hollow cinder blocks allow you to save expensive cement by almost half.

For quick and high-quality mixing of the mixture, it is advisable to use a construction concrete mixer

The following can be used as filler in production:

coal slag;
fine gravel;
crushed stone screening;
sand;
brick waste;
broken glass;
ash;
perlite;
gypsum;
sawdust;
wood chips.

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When mixing the solution, the proportions will depend on the composition of the filler. The main condition is that the finished solution does not spread. Cement in the production of slag concrete is used at least grade M400 to improve operational properties finished product, plasticizers can be added to the solution.

Portable machine for making cinder blocks with your own hands

A guideline for independent production The factory recipe can serve as a solution for cinder blocks: seven parts of blast furnace slag - two parts of coarse sand, one and a half parts of cement and up to three parts of water. The way to check that the consistency of the solution meets the requirements is simple: throw a handful on the ground, it should crumble. If you collect the solution and squeeze it in your fist, it should return to the shape of a ball.

It is not necessary to focus on standard dimensions: making blocks with your own hands is an individual process, and many prefer to set up production using multiple mold sizes (for example, 200x200x400 mm), which simplifies interfacing with other structural elements buildings under construction.

Preparation of cinder blocks without special equipment

If you have free time and are unable to make a simple vibrating machine for the production of slag concrete, it is advisable to use a mold with boards or boards as the walls and bottom. sheet metal. It is preferable to use one matrix for the manufacture of several blocks of slag concrete, at least in order to save materials. To create voids in the mold for pouring the solution, you can use bottles, scraps of metal pipes, wooden cylinders or bars.

Manual machine for making cinder blocks and expanded clay blocks at home

The procedure itself is simple: prepare the solution, pour cinder concrete into the molds, level it, removing excess. After a day, the blocks can be carefully removed and laid out to dry on a horizontal surface. To protect against cracking and getting wet finished material Cover cinder block stacks with plastic sheeting while drying.

Use homemade cinder blocks possible a month after their manufacture. This point should be taken into account and the production of building materials should be started in advance.

Making a vibratory pressing machine

Adding a slag concrete vibrator to the above-described production scheme provides the opportunity to significantly improve the quality of products and at the same time speed up the process.

It is not difficult to assemble such a machine; if you follow all the recommendations, this equipment will work no worse than its factory counterparts. The simplest option A vibrocompression machine involves the use of a homemade matrix, a vibrator and a hand press. To reduce physical activity hand press can be improved by using a lever system.

Drawing homemade machine with a vibration motor for the production of cinder blocks and expanded clay blocks

A set of tools and materials necessary for the manufacture of a vibration machine with a metal mold:

welding machine;
Bulgarian,
a set of keys;
vice;
sheet metal with a thickness of at least 3 mm;
pipes for creating voids with a diameter of 8-10 mm;
channels, strips of metal;
low-power electric motor (up to 1 kW);
connecting elements (bolts, nuts, cotter pins).

The main element of the machine for making blocks with your own hands is a matrix, the dimensions and shape of which are selected based on production needs.

The sequence of actions when making a homemade vibrating machine:

Bulgarian from sheet material cut out the walls of the matrix. If the mold is intended for the manufacture of several block products, we provide for the presence of the corresponding number of partitions in the matrix.
We cut off the required number of blanks from the pipe (at the rate of 3 pieces per brick), the height of which should be 3-5 mm less than the height of the matrix. Pipe taper is achieved using next appointment: cut the pipe in half and crimp the workpiece in a vice (for thick-walled pipes you can use a lathe).

Drawing for the manufacture of a machine with lightweight extrusion of building blocks

Each pipe section is welded tightly on both sides.
We weld the plates to the pipes, connecting them together. For fastening to walls, it is better to provide a removable connection, which will allow, if necessary, to remove the limiters for the production of monolithic cinder blocks.
Using welding, we attach bolts for attaching the electric motor to the long outer wall.
We weld a metal apron on top of the form.
We make a press in the form of a thick-walled plate, provide for the presence of holes with a diameter slightly larger than the smaller diameter of the limiter pipes (so that the press enters the matrix at a distance of no more than 50 mm).
We weld the handles to the press.
We install the motor. We weld an eccentric onto the electric motor shaft (ordinary bolts are suitable as material for the eccentric; they are welded parallel to the shaft and leave room for screwing on the nuts, which will allow you to adjust the amplitude of vibrations).
We thoroughly clean the device, polish the surfaces, and paint the homemade unit for the blocks.

Making cinder blocks

It is advisable to prepare the solution using a concrete mixer: the presence of coarse fillers in the solution makes it difficult to obtain a high-quality mixture manually. Before pouring slag concrete into the matrix, the wall surfaces must be lubricated with machine oil or a similar product. This will prevent the solution from sticking to the walls of the matrix.

Pour the mixture into the mold, apply pressure with a press and at the same time turn on the vibrator. After 10-20 seconds, the solution will thicken and shrink, so add the mixture to the matrix and repeat the procedure, without turning off the vibrator until the pressure plate drops to the level of the limiters.

Depending on weather conditions, cinder blocks can be removed from the mold either the next day or three days later. Next, the material is laid out to dry naturally for a month.

As you can see, the main difficulty of production wall materials is to make a machine for cinder blocks with your own hands, observing the required precautions (pinning threaded connections, grounding of the electrical part of the installation). You should not expect super-performance from such a unit, but some improvement in the design will facilitate the process of producing cinder blocks: a simple lever system can be provided to press down the press. By welding wheels to the supporting frame, you can get a mobile version of the device (the so-called “layer”).

The purchase of factory machines equipped with additional equipment for automating the production of slag concrete products will provide an opportunity to organize your own small business. On this professional equipment It is possible to produce not only block products. Matrices of interchangeable shape will allow you to form paving slabs, curbs, decorative elements– essentially any analogues of concrete products.

Homemade machines cannot boast of such versatility, but for individual construction this is not required.

On the site: Author and editor of articles on the website website
Education and work experience: Higher technical education. 12 years of experience in various industries and construction sites, 8 of which were abroad.
Other skills and abilities: Has the 4th group of electrical safety clearance. Perform calculations using large data sets.
Current employment: For the last 4 years he has been acting as an independent consultant in a number of construction companies.

Cinder blocks are a popular building material from which buildings and structures are erected. for various purposes. Since they are easy to make at home, cinder block making machines are in quite high demand. If you have free time and desire, then you can try to build this equipment yourself.

The popularity of cinder blocks (as well as foam blocks) is due to their unique composition, and machines for making cinder blocks not only make it possible to obtain high-quality building materials with limited funds, but also make it possible to produce them for sale. For many, the production of cinder blocks has become a profitable activity that brings significant income.

Cement;
Granulated slag (which is foundry waste);
Special fillers.

The result is blocks that have high sound and heat insulation properties.

Making a mold for cinder block

On the Internet you can find drawings of a machine for making cinder blocks of varying complexity, according to which you can build it yourself. These devices allow you to produce both hollow and solid blocks. The simplest device is a collapsible form without a vibrator.

In this form it is used concrete mortar with high water content. It is also called “soft”.

The sequence of obtaining blocks in a simple form

Filling the molding box or matrix with concrete;
Keeping the solution in the mold until it sets (several hours);
Disassembling the mold - the block arrives in a free state.

Advice. It is convenient to form voids in the blocks using champagne bottles, which fit well in size and do not break because they have thick walls.

The walls and bottoms of these molds can be made from metal plates or sheets of plywood. Before pouring the solution into the mold, it should be lubricated with used machine oil.

Homemade machines with a vibrating device

Vibrating machines for making cinder blocks are more advanced equipment. Making blocks using them is faster and more convenient, since you don’t have to wait for the solution to set. In this case, the concrete solution is prepared more rigid and thick, it should have a slight shrinkage.

Technically, this is implemented in two ways:

using a vibrating table;

equipping the mold itself with a motor, on the shaft of which an eccentric with a displaced center of gravity is installed.

An eccentric machine is more convenient for producing large quantities of material, since it allows you to obtain ready block in one go without turning over.

Homemade machine according to the “laying hen” scheme

The given drawing of a machine for making cinder blocks is one of the most simple.

Its design includes the following basic elements:

molding box - matrix (it has no bottom);
vibrator on the side wall;
drawer handles designed for easy removal without damaging the impression shape;
replaceable sets of pressure plates;
void formers for various void shapes.

The current standard provides established dimensions one such block - 39 x 19 x 18.8 cm. In this case, the voidness should not exceed 30% .

Matrix production

Sheet metal is taken (from 3 mm);
A shape is cut out of the sheet to the size of one block (5 cm is added to the indicated dimensions for compaction);
A through box is formed (no bottom);

Important. It is necessary to weld the sheets from the outside, this will prevent violation of the correct geometry.

Special strips welded at the ends give the box greater stability. For this purpose they are used profile pipes with a small section;
The base of the matrix is upholstered with sheet rubber, which will serve to protect the lower edges of the matrix from deformation;
An apron is formed for the edging, which will prevent the solution from spilling when filling the mold;
Handles are attached.

Machine diagram

Below is exact drawing machine for making cinder blocks indicating the exact dimensions. Voids can be formed various shapes(rectangular or round).

Important. The putty former should have a conical shape, which will allow you to easily remove the matrix from the raw cinder block.

Round pipes are well suited for making void formers. In this case, the workpiece can be given a conical shape using a lathe.

The vibrator is made from a low-power electric motor. For example, a motor from washing machine power in 150 – 200 W. The shift of centers is performed as follows.

An eccentric is attached to the engine axis, which can be made from a metal strip with an asymmetrically located hole. Dimensions, weight and shape must be determined experimentally. If the eccentric value is too large, the vibration will be excessive, causing the concrete cast to fall apart.

This design can be improved by installing a mobile platform with levers. This will make it easier to lift and move around the machine area with the vibration-shrink unit.

Stages of the cinder block manufacturing process

The formation of blocks is carried out in special forms, which are pre-wetted. The solution is placed in them. The molds are placed on a vibrating plate, which is turned on for a few seconds (5 - 7 s);
As the solution settles, it must be added. When you turn on the vibrating plate again, you need to wait for the pressure to completely lower on the stops. This will show that the formation is complete. After 5 - 10 seconds (even before the motor stops completely), the mold should be removed;
Finished blocks must be dried. This process takes from a week to a month. Drying time depends on conditions (humidity, temperature, etc.);
The equipment provided allows, when working together, to perform up to seventy blocks in an hour. If the quantity is small, the solution can be mixed by hand. However, a concrete mixer allows you to get more quality material and the final product;
Once the cinder blocks have dried, they can be used to build walls - building with blocks is not difficult. In this case, it is necessary to comply simple rules– the first two weeks the blocks are watered;
After this, the outside should be covered with a double layer of plaster. This will prevent rain from washing away the slag. Within a year the material will disappear harmful substances and after that you can move on to interior decoration and roofing work.

Cinder block is an artificial wall stone made from a mixture of slag and cement, intended for the construction of walls of one-story buildings. It is also used as additional insulation during construction. frame houses. The production of this material is possible at home on your own. It is not recommended to make just the foundation panels yourself. The requirements for the reliability of the building's foundation are very high, so it is better not to save money and buy ready-made elements.

There are the following types:

solid - have the greatest strength, intended for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions, cladding;
hollow with a degree of voidness of 40% - they have higher heat and sound insulating properties due to the presence of cavities inside, they are cheaper, but are inferior in strength due to the thinness of the walls;
hollow with a degree of voidness from 25 to 30% - they have optimal proportions for thermal conductivity and strength, the most popular.

Depending on the thickness, the blocks are:

wall - standard size 390 x 190 x 188 mm;
partition - 390 x 90 x 188 mm.

At self-production Dimensions can be arbitrary, a prerequisite is stability of dimensions.

Specifications

Cinder blocks have a relatively low thermal conductivity coefficient - from 0.20 to 0.65 W/m3 (better than brick). Due to this, they are often used not only as a structural material, but also as insulation.
Density - from 750 to 1450 kg/m3. It differs from all other types in its high strength - grades from M35 to M125. This parameter must be taken into account when designing communications, as it is difficult to cut.
Frost resistance is up to 50 freeze-thaw cycles without visible damage.

Advantages:

low price;
availability and variety of materials for manufacturing, the ability to obtain products with the required set of parameters suitable for specific purposes;
environmental benefits - due to the use of waste from the metallurgical industry (slag), as well as broken bricks and concrete remaining during the demolition of old buildings, the number of construction waste dumps is reduced;
fire resistance;
is not a favorable environment for the development of fungi and mold, and is not susceptible to damage by rodents;
ease of wall installation.

Flaws:

very high degree of hygroscopicity - strongly absorbs moisture from the air, reliable cladding on both sides is required;
the presence of substances hazardous to health (sulfur) - to completely weather them, the blocks are kept for outdoors at least a year, upon purchase it is necessary to check the environmental safety certificate;
due to the need for high-quality waterproofing and cladding, the total cost of the building is slightly lower than when using more expensive building materials; significant savings are obtained only when making it yourself.

Utility, household, industrial premises, garages.

About slag for block production

This is a silicate waste from metal processing; it is sifted through a sieve. Slag obtained from combustion various types solid fuel(coal, firewood), contains radioactive components, therefore it is not used for the construction of residential premises.

Types of slag:

granulated (granular slag);
non-granular.

For the production of building blocks, the largest fraction of granular waste is selected, smaller (non-granular) fractions are used for the production of asphalt, paving slabs. Price for 1 ton of material - from 100 rubles. There are non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy wastes (blast furnace), the second option is preferable, since those obtained from the processing of non-ferrous metals are more expensive.

Composition of the mixture for obtaining blocks

Cement of a grade not lower than M400 is selected as a binder. The filler either consists entirely of slag, or is mixed - crushed stone (permissibly secondary), ordinary or expanded clay sand, fine expanded clay, and crushed brick are added in a small proportion. Proportions for cinder blocks: 8-9 parts of filler, 1.5-2 parts of binder. If the cement is M500, then it can be taken approximately 15% less than M400.

Slag usually makes up at least 65% of the total aggregate volume. For example, out of 9 parts, at least 6 are made up of it, the rest is supplemented with sand and crushed stone. But it is theoretically possible to use brick or concrete waste and screenings for production with your own hands. Regardless of the type of material, it is customary to conventionally call such products slag concrete. Classic proportions: 2 parts sand, 2 parts crushed stone, 7 parts slag, 2 parts Portland cement M400.

Water is added in a ratio of approximately 0.5 parts. The finished mixture is semi-dry. To check the quality, a handful is thrown onto a hard surface. If the lump has crumbled, but when compressed it easily regains its previous shape, then the composition is suitable for use.

To obtain a colored block, add colored chalk or crushed brick chips. To increase strength, professional plasticizers are introduced. Sometimes gypsum, sawdust, and ash are added as a partial replacement for slag.

It is better to mix the components in a concrete mixer or mixer, but such equipment is expensive. Small quantities are mixed by hand, a labor-intensive process.

Cinder block production technology

They are made in two ways:

manually - the quality of the finished products is low, uneven, but generally meets the requirements of the standards;
vibration casting, using a vibrating table or vibrating machine - they are more durable.

They are produced in large volumes using the vibration pressing method. Equipment for this method is expensive, so for home production doesn't fit. The room should be well ventilated, with a flat, hard floor. This necessary condition for drying and storage.

Regardless of the chosen method, the prepared mixture is first placed in special rectangular frames. They are made of plastic wooden planks or metal sheets, necessarily collapsible and without a bottom - for easy removal. For the same purpose, before pouring, the walls are lubricated with grease or soapy water. It is more convenient to use formwork made of several cells (usually from 4 to 6). When making wood, choose boards with absolutely smooth surface, otherwise, when stripping the formwork, knots and irregularities will cling.

Hollow formers - cylindrical or rectangular, made of metal or wood - are additionally attached to the bottom of the mold for hollow blocks. Instead, you can put glass bottles; after the mixture has hardened, they are removed.

2. Do-it-yourself machine.

A simple ready-made machine for cinder blocks costs from 6,500 rubles. But if you wish and have a set necessary tools and its parts are easy to make at home yourself.

Procedure:

From four steel sheets 3-4 mm thick, weld a rectangular shape without a bottom with internal size 390x190x190 mm.
Weld a steel strip along the perimeter of the top of the box.
Weld guides to the lower parts of the short sides for easy removal and movement of the machine.
Cut from metal pipe round cross-section with a diameter of about 6 cm, three parts of equal length.
Place the sections in a vertical position in a row along one line at a distance of approximately 4 cm from each other and connect them by welding or gluing jumpers between them. Also attach jumpers to the outer sides of the outer pipes for connection to the walls. The exact dimensions of all parts depend on the diameter of the void formers and the length of the box.
Close the pipes from above with plugs. Insert the pipe structure inside the mold and attach.
Install height limiters on the inner walls of the box.
Attach handles to the short sides.
Cut a clamping cover from the fifth steel sheet. During the production of blocks, it is put on the void formers so that they protrude. Therefore, the lid must have slots for pipes and jumpers between them, 1-2 mm larger in size.
Weld two U-shaped handles on top of the resulting part. They are installed vertically along the short sides of the lid.
Attach the platform motor-vibrator to one of the long sides of the mold with bolts or welded studs. Since its cost is relatively high and it is difficult to purchase, it is possible to use a twin-shaft motor from washing machine. TO homemade engine balancers are attached.

3. Making cinder concrete blocks by hand.

Spread on a flat surface or floor plastic film. Place the greased molds on it.
Prepare the mixture following the recommended proportions.
Distribute it among the forms. For hollow blocks, insert bottles (if there are no void formers).
Level the surface and remove excess mortar.
After 5 hours, remove the bottles.
After 24 hours, remove the blocks.
Lay out on a flat horizontal plane.
After a week, fold in several rows and leave to dry for another 21 days. During the drying process, they are covered with film. Optimal conditions- air temperature from +20 to +25°C, no direct sunlight.

If there is a vibrating table, the forms are placed on its surface. The vibration is turned on for about a minute. It is better to determine the exact time experimentally by making test bricks. Exceeding the exposure time to vibration leads to deterioration in quality. Then the structures with the compacted mixture are removed from the table and treated in the same way as with handmade(see paragraphs 5-8 of the instructions).

4. Making cinder blocks with your own hands at home using a vibrating machine.

Manufacturing scheme using a simple machine:

Lay out pieces of plywood or OSB measuring 500x300 mm on the floor. They will serve as supports for the blocks.
Place the machine on the first sheet of plywood.
Prepare the composition, observing the recommended proportions.
Fill in the form.
Turn on the engine for 20-30 s (to more accurately determine the optimal time for exposure of the vibrator to cinder concrete, it is recommended to make test bricks and evaluate their strength and uniformity of the finished material).
Turn off the vibration - the mixture settles a few centimeters, fill the box to the top again. Turn on the motor and press the lid. It should rest against the height limiters on the inner walls.
After turning off the vibration, remove the machine from the block and move it to the next substrate.
Repeat all steps on each prepared sheet of plywood.

Readiness times and drying conditions are the same as for manual production.