Radiant heating distribution in the apartment. Radiant heating system for the house. Advantages and disadvantages. Choosing a circulation pump

Elements of a manifold heating circuit

Radiant heating of a private house is a structure consisting of several main elements:

Heating boiler. This device is the starting point, since from it the hot coolant is directed into pipelines and radiators. The power of the heating unit must correspond to the heat output of the heating equipment. There is the following nuance here: the radial layout of the heating system, unlike other pipeline layout options, has a greater degree of heat loss, which must certainly be taken into account when calculating equipment parameters.
Circulation pump. According to the peculiarities of its device, radiant heating wiring is of a closed type and requires forced circulation coolant liquid. For this purpose, a special pump is installed that creates a certain pressure and pumps the liquid. As a result, the necessary temperature conditions are ensured, guaranteeing effective work heat supply systems.

When choosing a circulation pump for radiant heating, you should pay attention to a number of parameters, including the length of the pipelines and the materials used to make the radiators. In addition, the power of the pump is not one of its most important characteristics; the speed at which the liquid will be pumped should be taken into account

This parameter shows the volume of coolant moved by the circulation device per unit of time

In addition, the power of the pump is not one of its most important characteristics; the speed at which the liquid will be pumped should be taken into account. This parameter shows the volume of coolant moved by the circulation device per unit of time.

Collector(it is also called a comb). It is also an important element of the radiant wiring of the heating system. The comb is assigned the function of a distribution device designed to centrally supply heating radiators with coolant (more details: “Distribution comb of the heating system - purpose and principle of operation”).

The radial circuit of a heating system always contains a variety of thermostatic or shut-off and control elements. They provide required consumption carrier of thermal energy in each branch of the structure. The installation of thermometers and air removers operating in automatic mode will help create additional conditions for more efficient operation of the heating structure without unnecessary costs.

Collectors on domestic market are offered to consumers in a wide range. The choice of a specific device is based on the number of designed heating circuits or connected radiators. Combs are made from various materials– this can be brass or steel, as well as polymer products.

Cabinets. The radiant heating scheme requires that all the elements included in it be located in special structures equipped for them. Distribution manifold for heating. shut-off valves, pipelines must be placed in manifold cabinets with simple design. They can be built into niche walls or external, but at the same time they are distinguished by functionality and practicality.

Manifold cabinets and blocks

In an apartment with horizontal radiant heating distribution (on the floors of private houses), distribution manifolds (supply and return) are installed, collecting all supply and return pipelines at their outlets. They are placed in specially designed metal cabinets, often built into the partitions of bathrooms and opening inside them. It is also possible to install distribution manifolds in specially designed wall niches. Often the collector unit is combined with a heat metering unit in one collector cabinet.

Manifold cabinet with thermal energy metering unit.

Collectors can be complete, consisting of sections of thick pipes with outlet pipes, or assembled on tees. The materials for these devices can be:

plastic;
nickel plated brass;
copper;
stainless steel.

Many well-known manufacturers of heating equipment (VALTEC, etc.) produce ready-made manifold blocks that combine supply and return manifolds, manual adjustment valves (on the supply manifold), thermostatic valves (on the return manifold), automatic air vents, drain valves and mounting brackets.

Complete collector block.

task customization The thermal regime of each single-radiator branch of the collector-radiant heating system is determined by tuning valves with built-in flow meters. The branches are of different lengths, and the coolant tends to flow the shortest way with minimal hydraulic resistance. It flows more intensely around short branches, warming up the radiators installed there more strongly.

Adjustment valves on the supply manifold change the flow of water (antifreeze), narrowing their nominal passages in short circuits, and widening them in long ones. Setting up is a painstaking process, and the setting valve is not intended to quickly shut off or open the coolant flow along the circuits. This function is performed by thermostatic valves.

Thermal valves on the manifold – “return” – are valves that smoothly shut off the flow manually or automatically. Beam system heating is easily hydraulically balanced.

Features of a radiant home heating system

However, there is one more point that should not be overlooked. This is adjustment or regulation. It is carried out precisely in regulating the taps located on the manifold. But it is also worth saying that such a system is inconvenient because you have to constantly adjust the modes, which is not always possible physically. In addition, if you have a fairly large building, then it is better to abandon this idea.

The fire is the first direct descendant of radiant heating, and the Russian stove is a vivid example of this. Large, occupying a significant space, it was capable of heating the house with its infrared radiation, or, simply put, with living heat. If the room is warm, then heat radiation as such does not occur, and the person feels comfortable. And if it has cold walls, ceilings and other interior items, to a greater extent, it is on them that the infrared rays emitted by a person are transmitted. Surely, anyone can remember the chills running through the body, it would seem, in a warm room. This is radiant heat exchange, on the principle of which the radiant heating system of a house is built.

Review of diagrams and components of the heating system

At the first stage, you need to choose the operating principle of the heating system. Even 20-25 years ago there was practically no alternative - they made gravity open system. Therefore, the question of how to install heating correctly came down to choosing the diameter steel pipes and their correct slope. But the appearance on the market of basic elements closed system significantly expanded the possibilities for choosing a scheme.

Gravity heating system

Gravity heating circuit

The main source of water heating for it is a solid fuel boiler (it can run on diesel or waste oil). Installation gas models is impossible, since their normal functioning implies increased pressure in the pipes. Independent installation of a heating system with a gas boiler is possible. But in this case, a solid fuel housing is used, into which a special gas burner is mounted.

Before properly installing heating in a private home, you need to select its main components. In addition to the boiler, the following elements are required:

Pipes. For this type of heating, you can use plastic models (polypropylene, metal-plastic) or steel. It is best to choose a large diameter - from 40 mm. In this way, the overall hydraulic resistance can be reduced;
Expansion tank. Necessary to stabilize the system in case of overheating of the coolant;
Shut-off valves. Its installation is mandatory, since during repair or maintenance work it will be necessary to shut off the coolant flow in a certain area of the system;
Feeding unit. Required to add coolant. For optimization purposes, it is often included in the design expansion tank.

Radiator kit for single-pipe heating system

The gravity system in most cases is made of one pipe (Leningrad). In order to properly install the heating radiator, it is necessary to install a bypass on each of them. This also needs to be taken into account when purchasing components and drawing up a general installation diagram.

In addition to these components, the installation of pressure gauges is required. If this device is not provided in the boiler design, it should be installed on the outlet pipe.

To mount a heating radiator, it is necessary to provide it with a Mayevsky tap. It is necessary to eliminate air locks in the system.

Diagram of a forced circulation heating system

Closed heating circuit with solid fuel boiler

It is much more difficult to install a heating system with forced circulation. The difference lies in the creation of increased pressure in the line. This helps to increase the length of pipelines and optimal temperature conditions for the operation of the entire system.

It is best to consider the configuration of this circuit using the example of piping a solid fuel boiler. Since most gas models have the vast majority of components included in the design (circulation pump, expansion tank, etc.). Therefore, in order to install a heating system yourself, in addition to the boiler, the system must contain:

Circulation pump. It will create the required level of coolant pressure;
Closed expansion tank. Serves as a compensator when the pressure in the system increases above critical;
Security group. Partially duplicates the functions of the expansion tank. If the pressure readings are too high, then the air vent and drain valve will reduce it by removing excess air and coolant from the system;
Shut-off valves;
Feeding unit.

How to install a heating system yourself closed type, and most importantly - which pipe layout to choose? Experts recommend installing a two-pipe system, since in this case the radiators will be connected in parallel, which will ensure uniform temperature distribution throughout the system.

Installing a forced-type heating system is much easier than with natural circulation. In addition, the first is the only option for houses with medium and large areas.

Manifold selection

The radiant heating system includes a collector (comb). This element looks like a pipe. It has pipes for inlet and outlet of coolant. For a beam circuit, two types of collectors should be installed.

The first of these will be the input comb. A pump is connected to it, as well as a coolant distribution valve. It can be three- or two-way. The valve contains a thermometer. It is installed in the collector housing. The device transmits information to the valve. It opens or closes the valve, mixing hot liquid into the circuit.

The outlet manifold collects the cooled coolant, which returns to the boiler. The heating device heats it up again. Additionally, a balancing flow controller can be installed on this pipe. The collector group ensures the stability of the system. It is responsible for optimizing and balancing the heating of the coolant in the system.

Single-pipe horizontal

The simplest version of a single-pipe horizontal heating system with a bottom connection.

When creating a heating system for a private house with your own hands, a single-pipe wiring diagram may turn out to be the most profitable and cheapest. It is equally suitable for both one-story houses, and for two-story ones. In case of one-story house it looks very simple - radiators are connected in series to ensure consistent flow of coolant. After the last radiator, the coolant is sent through a solid return pipe to the boiler.

Advantages and disadvantages of the scheme

First, we will look at the main advantages of the scheme:

ease of implementation;
excellent option for small houses;
saving of materials.

Single-pipe horizontal heating circuit is an excellent option for small rooms with minimum quantity rooms.

The scheme is really very simple and understandable, so even a beginner can handle its implementation. It provides for a serial connection of all installed radiators. This is an ideal heating layout for a private home Not large sizes. For example, if this is a one-room or two-room house, then “fencing” a more complex two-pipe system does not make much sense.

Looking at the photo of such a circuit, we can note that the return pipe here is solid, it does not pass through the radiators. Therefore, this scheme is more economical in terms of material consumption. If you don’t have extra money, this type of wiring will be the most optimal for you - it will save money and allow you to provide heat to your home.

As for the shortcomings, there are few of them. The main disadvantage is that last battery the house will be colder than the very first one. This is due to the sequential passage of the coolant through the batteries, where it releases the accumulated heat into the atmosphere. Another disadvantage of a single-pipe horizontal circuit is that if one battery fails, the entire system will have to be turned off at once.

Despite certain disadvantages, this heating scheme continues to be used in many small private houses.

Features of installation of a single-pipe horizontal system

Creating water heating for a private house with your own hands, the scheme with single-pipe horizontal wiring will be the easiest to implement. During the installation process, it is necessary to mount the heating radiators, and then connect them with pipe sections. After connecting the very last radiator, it is necessary to turn the system in the opposite direction - it is advisable that the outlet pipe runs along the opposite wall.

A single-pipe horizontal heating circuit can also be used in two-story houses; each floor here is connected in parallel.

The larger your home, the more windows it has and the more radiators it has. Accordingly, they grow heat losses, as a result of which the last rooms become noticeably cooler. You can compensate for the temperature drop by increasing the number of sections on the latest radiators. But it is best to install a system with bypasses or with forced circulation of the coolant - we will talk about this a little later.

A similar heating scheme can be used to heat two-story houses. To do this, two chains of radiators are created (on the first and second floors), which are connected in parallel to each other. There is only one return pipe in this battery connection diagram; it starts from the last radiator on the first floor. The return pipe coming down from the second floor is also connected there.

Radiant heating system for a two-story house is the best choice

Currently more efficient and economical floor system heating for two-story private country houses, than a two-pipe beam circuit simply cannot be found. By choosing the equipment correctly, as well as calculating all the nuances and performing installation as required by the instructions, you can ensure comfort and coziness in your home.

It is important to point out the fact that the main heating devices in a radial double-circuit system are traditional radiators. Regardless of the size and material (and this can be either cast iron or aluminum), such units must be installed correctly:

Regardless of the size and material (and this can be either cast iron or aluminum), such units must be installed correctly:

Heating radiators must be installed only under window openings;
All heating radiators must be mounted at the same height;
The fins of the battery are located only vertically - otherwise normal coolant circulation will be impossible;
It is imperative to provide drainage system, through which the coolant will be replaced.

Two-pipe heating system for a house with two floors

The boiler also means a lot (see how to choose a gas heating boiler)

For normal operation of the double-circuit system, it is important to choose modern and efficient boilers. Such equipment (and even equipped with automation) will make it possible to ensure optimal heating of each room two-story house, significantly saving fuel and finances and getting hot water

The heating system of a two-story building with a two-pipe radiant heating circuit is not only quite productive and efficient, but also demanding for the first start-up.

For example, before starting direct operation, it is important to correctly balance the system and adjust the fluid flow for each loop of supply and return pipelines. This is the only way to achieve fuel savings and ensure the highest possible level of heating

Modern heating systems

Enough has passed since the days of the Russian stove a large number of time, and although it is an ideal option for radiant heating at home. but at present, installing it in a city apartment is nonsense. But technology is also developing every day, so all heating systems, including radiant ones, installed both in private houses and apartments, are mostly the most modern and adapted to the needs of each person.

Heating systems are primarily divided according to how the pipes are routed from the collector to the radiators. These are several types of systems such as;

Single-pipe;
Two-pipe;
Radial;

The principle of radiant heating is that wiring from the collector, the main coolant distributor, is intended for each radiator separately. This is the most significant advantage in this system - radiators can be turned on and off, either individually or as a group.

In addition, the heat supply valve can be adjusted. For example, if the kitchen does not require such an amount of thermal radiation due to the operation of household appliances that serve as an additional source of heat, then the valve can be screwed on. This can be done in such a way that heat enters the kitchen, but not in such quantities as into the rest of the rooms. The same can be done with those rooms that are not used for their intended purpose, but they should retain heat. By regulating the heat supply, fuel economy also increases. and due to this, the heat meter readings are also encouraging.

How is a multi-storey building heated?

Operating principle of the elevator unit
About the heating system multi-storey building

The heating system of a multi-story building is of particular interest; it can be considered using the example of a standard five-story building. It is necessary to find out how heating and hot water supply function in such a house.

Heating diagram for a two-story house.

A five-story building requires central heating. the house has a heating main inlet, there are water valves, and there may be several heating units.

In most houses, the heating unit is locked, which is done to achieve safety. Despite the fact that all this may seem very complicated, the heating system can be described in simple words. The easiest way is to take a five-story building as an example.

The heating scheme for the house is as follows. After the water valves there are mud traps (there can be only one mud trap). If the heating system is open, then after the mud traps through the inserts there are valves that are located from processing and supply. The heating system is designed in such a way that water, depending on the circumstances, cannot be drawn from reverse side at home or from delivery. The thing is that the central heating system of an apartment building operates on water that is superheated, the water is supplied from a boiler room or from a thermal power plant, its pressure ranges from 6 to 10 kgf, and the water temperature reaches 1500°C. Water is in a liquid state even in very cold weather due to the increased pressure, so it does not boil in the pipeline to form steam.

When such heat, then the hot water supply is turned on from the back side of the building, where the water temperature does not exceed 700°C. If the temperature of the coolant is low (this happens in spring and autumn), then for the normal functioning of the hot water supply this temperature cannot be sufficient, then the water for the hot water supply comes from the supply to the building.

Now you can disassemble the open heating system of such a house (this is called an open water intake), this scheme is one of the most common.

Types of radiant heating system

A visual diagram of the heating system in a private house.

A radiant heating system in a private house can be installed with either forced or natural circulation of the coolant. Currently, a system with natural circulation is used very rarely, since it requires the use of pipes with a very large diameter, which is not very convenient for a private home. In addition, this system is equipped with an expansion tank, the installation of which is necessary at the highest point of a two-story house, which again is not entirely convenient. But at the same time, a radiant heating system with natural circulation will help save on installation, since it will not require additional expensive equipment (pumps, temperature sensors, air vents, etc.).

The collector heating system with forced circulation is the most widely used; its main advantage is the artificial circulation of heat through pipes. For these purposes, a special pump is installed in the supply or return line. Forced circulation makes it possible to reduce the temperature difference between the water inlet and outlet, and also simplifies the heating system itself, which makes it more compact and helps to avoid unnecessary consumption of materials. This heating system is absolutely independent of the design of the house and the location of the heated rooms in it. The hydraulic resistance of the pipeline and the length of the branches do not play a special role. And by installing modern automatic devices, you can change the temperature depending on weather conditions and the individual wishes of the residents. All these advantages make this system universal.

Selection of pipes for the heating system

The most common for installing heating systems in two-story houses are metal-plastic pipes. This is primarily due to the fact that no sediment is deposited on products made of polymer materials and they are resistant to corrosion. A rather low price is another advantage of metal-plastic pipes. All connections are made without welding using threaded or pressed connections, which simplifies installation as much as possible. However, such pipes have one drawback - a high coefficient of thermal expansion, which, if used incorrectly, can lead to leaks.

Pros and cons of radiant heating systems

The disadvantages of radiant heating in a house include:

a large number of materials and, as a result, higher cost;
the need for a special place for the collector block.

The advantages of the beam system are:

ease of installation due to small quantities connecting elements;
hidden pipes in the floor;
hydraulic stability, which is especially important when using imported plumbing fixtures;
the ability to turn off each radiator individually, while all others are operating as usual;
temperature control in each individual room;
the system is balanced, all rooms are heated evenly.

When developing a project for a radiant heating system, it is necessary to detail it as much as possible; this will significantly simplify installation and help avoid problems in the future. It should also be noted that actual costs will always exceed planned costs; this must be taken into account when drawing up estimates. But, despite everything, the radiant heating system is highly efficient and can create maximum comfort in a living space.

Types of beam wiring

Method 1. With forced water circulation

Previously, a radiant heating scheme equipped with pumps that pump water was not very popular due to the high cost of parts. But now the price of equipment has dropped significantly, and more and more people are choosing it.

The main difference from the gravitational scheme is that liquid (water or antifreeze) flows from the boiler to the batteries and back not due to the difference in temperature and pressure, but with the help of pumps.

This results in the following benefits:

there are no restrictions on the geometry and number of rooms in housing construction;
heating can be installed in rooms of any size;
To connect radiators and collectors, you can use pipes of any length, laid without a slope.

One of the elements of a radiant heating system with forced circulation is a pump

Advice! Despite the fact that the circulation pump can be installed at any point in the system, it is advisable to do this on the return manifold before supplying coolant to the boiler. There the liquid temperature is the lowest, which has a positive effect on the service life of the equipment.

Method 2. With natural water circulation

In this case, the coolant moves due to gravity: the heated water becomes less dense and lighter, therefore it is displaced to the upper point of the system, after which, as it cools, it flows through the collectors and radiators, and then returns to the heater.

The gravity beam heating system has the following features:

During installation, an open expansion tank is required, installed at the highest point. It compensates for the thermal expansion of the coolant and prevents an increase in internal pressure in the pipelines.
A radiant heating network with natural circulation does not require the installation of expensive electrical equipment, which significantly reduces the estimated cost of work.
Heating with natural circulation is completely energy independent. Even during a power outage, which often happens on summer cottages or in rural areas, you will not be left without heat.

The gravity heating system does not use pumps

Beam wiring features and elements

The heating system using radiant radiation is most optimally suited specifically for apartment buildings, or private houses with more than one floor and many rooms. This significantly increases the operating efficiency of all equipment as a whole, guarantees high-quality heat supply and significantly reduces the amount of heat and energy indicators.

The principle of operation of a radiant heating system is quite simple, but it has some features. For example, if a building has several floors, then installation of a collector is implied on each floor. Moreover, in many cases, not one, but several collectors are installed, and pipes are laid from them, and the direct and reverse supply of coolant is organized. It is also worth noting the fact that radiant heating of a house only works effectively if good insulation Houses. due to which the least heat loss occurs. If the house is insulated from the inside. and outside - there will be no problems with heating based on the principle of infrared radiation. If it’s the other way around, all the heat will go to heating the walls, window panels, floors and so on.

But in itself, a radiant heating system is a complex structure. combining basic and additional elements necessary for high-quality work. This can include;

Boiler. which is almost the main element. It is from this that heat is supplied to the pipes, and through the pipes to the radiators.
Circular pump. which creates a certain pressure in the pipes, with the help of which the coolant circulates, and is maintained optimally comfortable temperature indoors. It also guarantees the efficient operation of the entire heating system;
The collector (or in other words, the comb), is another most important element in a radiant heating system. It is, as it were, central, and it is from it that there is a uniform supply and distribution of heat to all rooms of the house;
Closet. where all elements of the heating wiring must be hidden. The manifold cabinet hides the distribution manifold itself. pipes and shut-off valves. It is a fairly simple design, but very functional and practical. They can be located both outside and built into the wall;

What is the difference between tee wiring and radial wiring?

Such installation is quite complex, which increases the risk of breakdowns in the event of installation errors or sudden pressure changes in the heating system.

Beam wiring diagram

Radial heating distribution involves laying pipes from each radiator to a special distribution device - a collector or, as it is also called, a comb. Naturally, here the pipe flow increases significantly. In addition to pipes, each radiator will require its own shut-off valves - valves, thermostats, tees and others small parts, and some of them must be installed on both pipes - supply and return.

But, despite the high consumption of components, such a system makes it possible, in the event of an emergency, emergency situation quickly turn off any radiator, group, separate room or entire floor. The heating system can continue to operate during this time and heat the rooms.

In addition, when radiating pipes, as a rule, they are hidden under the floor covering, regardless of its material

This gives an additional chance to make the floor warm, which is so important in houses where basement not insulated. A one-piece pipe, without joints, made of cross-linked polyethylene and laid under the floor, eliminates the risk of leaks, and all repairs, if required, are carried out directly at the radiator connections or in the collector

Natural and forced circulation of coolant during radial distribution - which is better?

Heating of any building can be carried out by natural circulation of coolant or forced. A radiant heating system for a two-story house may well function in both cases.

Natural and forced circulation of coolant during radial distribution

With natural circulation of the coolant, operating the heating system is, of course, easier and cheaper. There is no need to purchase a circulation pump, various sensors, thermostats, etc. This system is well suited if long-term construction is underway and the building is not connected to a centralized power grid or for country house, if residence in it is not permanent.

But on the other hand, a heating system with natural circulation involves the installation of large-diameter pipes and the necessary slope when laying them. As well as the installation of an expansion tank, which should be located at the highest point of the building, this is usually done in the attic. And since the attic is not always insulated, there is a need to insulate the tank itself in the winter and constantly monitor the condition of the coolant in it.

Radiant heating of a house with forced circulation of coolant is increasingly gaining fans. If in the recent past such a system was a novelty for the average consumer, now circulation pumps are often installed in houses, citing the fact that such equipment allows increasing the temperature in the house while reducing financial costs for energy. And indeed it is.

Many have encountered this effect, when the supply pipe has a fairly high temperature, but the return pipe is slightly warm, and as a result, the house is quite cool. When installing a circulation pump, the temperature of both pipes is made the same, which increases the overall temperature in the room at the same cost of gas, firewood or electricity, and possibly less. In this case, the pump can be installed on any pipe – supply or return. Its function is to quickly move the coolant under a certain pressure, as a result of which the formation of air pockets is eliminated, and all heating devices warm up evenly.

Both in private and apartment buildings, various methods of routing pipes in the heating system are used. The radiant heating system, which supplies hot coolant to each radiator and removes cooled coolant from it with a separate pair of pipes, is gaining increasing popularity. Despite the high cost of materials and installation, it provides greater efficiency heating the home.

A radiant heating system for a private house is much more complex than a sequential, or so-called tee heating system. In it, a separate pair of pipes is supplied to each radiator on the floor - for the hot coolant and for its return. In principle, it resembles the human circulatory system with its arteries for oxygenated blood and veins for collecting return blood flow. Each organ or part of the body has both arteries and veins. An analogue of the heart, pumping blood through the veins and arteries, is a circulation pump.

It drives hot liquid from the boiler to the radiators through the hot collector, and it flows back to the collector by gravity.

Advantages and disadvantages

Radial wiring of the heating system has the following advantages over tee wiring:

supply of coolant to all radiators at the same temperature;
rapid circulation of the coolant allows you to warm up the entire house faster;
opportunity Maintenance and repairing one radiator while maintaining the functionality of all others;
the ability to set a separate temperature regime for each room and quickly manage this regime;
the absence of hidden connections reduces the risk of leaks under the floor or in the walls;
hidden installation of pipes improves the aesthetic impression made by the interiors;
convenience and speed of system installation.

This wiring scheme also has disadvantages:

high cost of materials and equipment;
the total length of the pipes is several times higher than with a tee scheme;
Additional space (or a separate room) is required to accommodate collectors on each floor.

In general, the higher cost of materials and installation is quickly paid off by savings and ease of use.

Main design elements

The most important component of beam distribution are collectors. When designing a radiant heating system for a two-story (or multi-story) house, a collector cabinet will need to be placed on each floor. Manifolds and control valves (manual or automated) are mounted in cabinets, where they are easily accessible during operation and periodic or emergency maintenance.

The small number of connections compared to tee wiring ensures greater hydrodynamic stability of the entire heating system.

The second component is a circulation pump; it creates pressure in the system to supply heated coolant through pipes to the radiators and collect the return.

Selection and installation of a circular pump

For a radiant heating system, the option most often chosen is the bottom supply of hot liquid to the radiators. To ensure its forced circulation, a circulation pump is used. Its power should be enough to provide pressure that allows the coolant to reach the most distant heat exchangers, including heated floors.

Forced circulation accelerates the circulation of coolant through the rings of the system. This allows you to reduce the difference between the incoming and outgoing temperatures of the heating circuit. This increase in heating efficiency allows you to either reduce the boiler power or have a larger power reserve in case of extreme weather.

When selecting a device, two main parameters are taken into account that determine its power and speed:

productivity, cubic meters per hour;
pressure, in meters;
noise level.

For correct selection, you will need to take into account the diameter and total length of the distribution pipes, the maximum height difference in relation to the installation height of the pump. When carrying out engineering and plumbing calculations, special tables offered by manufacturers are used.

devices with a wet rotor are mounted so that the shaft is positioned horizontally;
devices with a built-in thermostat are mounted closer than 70 cm from the heating boiler to avoid erroneous operations;
the circulation pump is mounted on the return section of the pipeline system, since its temperature is lower and the device will last longer;
modern heat-resistant pumps can also be placed on the supply line;
the heating circuit should be equipped with a device for releasing air pockets; it can be replaced by a pump with a built-in air valve;
the device should be placed as close as possible to the expansion tank;
Before installing the pump, the system is flushed from mechanical contaminants.

If the electrical parameters at the installation site are not stable, it is recommended to connect the pump and boiler control system through a voltage stabilizer of sufficient power. If there are frequent power outages, an uninterruptible power supply device should be provided - either battery-powered or with an automatically started electric generator.

Often when optimizing the cost of a system, there is a temptation to do without a circulation pump. This option is, in principle, acceptable for one-story buildings of a small area. This will reduce heating efficiency. When using natural circulation, larger cross-section pipes should be used. In addition, the expansion tank should be placed at the highest point of the building

Selection and role of the distribution manifold

This most important element of the system distributes the flow of hot coolant supplied by the boiler into separate distribution lines. The second collector collects the liquid that has given up its heat and returns it to the heat exchanger for subsequent heating. The return valve can bypass part of the return flow into the main circuit if it is necessary to lower the temperature of the coolant without changing the operating mode of the boiler.

Collectors are available on the market that support from 2 to 18 beams. The manifolds are equipped with shut-off or control valves, or automatic thermostatic valves. With their help, the required temperature regime is set for each beam.

Beam wiring diagram

Pipelines are usually placed in a cement screed made according to subfloor. One end is connected to the corresponding collector, the second is brought out from the floor under the corresponding radiator. The finished floor is laid on top of the screed. When installing a radiant heating system in apartment building the vertical line is made in the channel. Each floor has its own pair of collectors. In some cases, if the pump pressure is sufficient and there are few consumers on the top floor, they are connected directly to the collectors of the first floor.

To effectively deal with traffic jams, air valves are placed on the manifold and at the end of each beam.

Preparatory work

During preparation for installation, the following work is performed:

establish the location of radiators and other heat consumers (warm floors, heated towel rails, etc.);
perform a thermal calculation of each room, taking into account its area, ceiling height, number and area of windows and doors;
select a radiator model taking into account the results of thermal calculations, type of coolant, pressure in the system, calculate the height and number of sections;
trace forward and return pipelines from the collector to the radiators, taking into account the location doorways, building structures and other elements.

There are two types of tracing:

rectangular-perpendicular, pipes are laid parallel to the walls;
free, the pipes are laid along the shortest route between the door and the radiator.

The first type has a beautiful, aesthetic appearance, but requires a noticeably higher pipe flow. All this beauty will be covered with a finished floor and flooring. Therefore, owners often choose free tracing.

For pipe routing it is convenient to use free computer programs, they will help you perform the routing, allow you to accurately determine the length of the pipes and draw up a statement for the purchase of fittings.

System installation

Laying a radiant system on a subfloor will require a number of measures aimed at reducing transport heat losses and preventing freezing if water was chosen as the coolant.

Between the subfloor and the finished floor, a distance sufficient for thermal insulation should be provided.

If the subfloor is concrete floor(or foundation slab), then you will need to lay a layer of heat-insulating material on it.

For ray tracing, metal-plastic or polyethylene pipes with sufficient flexibility. For radiators with a thermal power of up to 1500 watts, 16 mm pipes are used; for more powerful ones, the diameter is increased to 20 mm.

They are laid in corrugated sleeves, which provide additional thermal insulation and the necessary space for thermal deformations. After a meter and a half, the sleeve is secured with ties or clamps to the subfloor to prevent it from moving during the cement screed.

Next, the layer is mounted thermal insulation material at least 5 cm thick, made of dense basalt wool, penoplex or expanded polystyrene. This layer also needs to be fixed to the subfloor using disc dowels. Now you can pour the screed. If the wiring is done on the second floor or higher, it is not necessary to install thermal insulation.

It is important to remember that there should be no joints left under the poured floor.

If there are few consumers on the second, attic floor, and the pressure created by the circulation pump is sufficient, then a circuit with one pair of collectors is often used. Pipes from collectors on the first floor extend pipes to consumers on the second floor. The pipes are collected into a bundle and carried through a vertical channel to the second floor, where they are bent at right angles and lead to the consumer locations.

It is important to remember that when bending, you must observe the minimum bend radius for a given tube diameter. It can be viewed on the manufacturer’s website, but for bending it is better to use a manual pipe bender.

At the exit point of the vertical channel, sufficient space must be provided to accommodate the rounded section.

Radial system and heated floor

Beam tracing goes well with underfloor heating systems. With a high-quality calculation of thermal parameters, it is possible to completely abandon heating radiators and heat the house only through heated floors installed in each room. In this case, convection air currents will be much less intense, which will lead to less spread of dust than with radiator heating.

When designing heated floors, the following recommendations should be observed:

a layer of thermal insulation with a reflective layer of metal foil or coated Mylar film is installed on the subfloor;
pipes are installed according to a radial pattern;
radiators are connected and the system is tested under operating pressure for at least 24 hours;
if there are no leaks anywhere, you can pour the screed and install the finished floor and floor covering.

If you equip the collector with a flow meter and thermostatic fittings, you can accurately take into account the flow of coolant, as well as adjust the temperature regime in each room. Many owners go further and install motorized valves with remote control. They are connected to a computerized control system equipped with temperature sensors in each room. The system can regulate the supply of coolant to each beam depending on weather conditions, wind direction and other conditions. This ensures temperature stability and unique comfort.

The pipes and the layer of thermal insulation material must be securely fastened before pouring the cement screed. When routing, it is important to ensure that the pipes do not cross one another. The pipe must be laid from a coil and cut off after it is connected to the direct and return manifold.

When pouring the screed, the system must be under pressure. Until the screed has completely hardened (up to 21 days), you should not increase the temperature of the coolant above room temperature. Otherwise, multiple microdeformations of the screed and damage to the pipe material are possible. The temperature should be increased to operating temperature gradually, allowing the screed material to warm up. Usually it takes 4-5 days for the temperature to rise.

Features of installation of the system for wooden houses

When installing a radial heating system in a wooden ceiling, there are some peculiarities. The pipes must cross the floor joists or subfloor joists. To do this, holes are drilled in them that exceed the outer diameter of the pipe by 2-3 mm. This will avoid temperature deformations. The pipes should be routed so that the finished floor structures do not put pressure on the pipes.

The pipes should be fixed to the subfloor structures. A layer of vapor barrier is laid on the subfloor, then a layer of thermal insulation material with a foil reflective layer. As when laying on a concrete base, all fittings and connecting fittings must be placed above the level of the finished floor and floor covering.

The radiant heating system is gaining increasing popularity among owners of houses under construction or reconstruction. Despite the high costs of purchasing materials and installation, it allows you to save on operating costs. In addition, this scheme allows you to individually regulate the thermal regime in each heated room.

The variety of building heating schemes that exist today makes it easy to choose the optimal heat supply option. However, not all of them can be quite effective in providing heat to houses with a complex configuration or multi-room layout. And in difficult projects, the modern radiant heating system has proven itself well, although not very popular yet, but gradually gaining recognition among specialists and property owners.

Unlike others, this scheme provides for individual heating of each of the installed heating devices, i.e. both supply and removal of coolant are carried out in parallel through pipes separately connected to the radiator. Externally, the configuration of this system resembles rays diverging in different directions from a heat source, which gave it its name.

Radiant heating can be organized with one or two pipes. The second option is most widely used, characterized by higher heat transfer rates and, consequently, greater efficiency.

Figure 1 – General diagram of a radiant heating system

Structure of a radiant heating system

Any heating system has in its structure a heat source (boiler, furnace, boiler), heating devices (radiators, convectors), pipes, shut-off and control valves and, in most cases, a circulation pump. The beam scheme also implies the use of the above elements, as well as important equipment that distinguishes it from others - the collector.

Many of the listed structural components are standard, so it is inappropriate to dwell on their description. Only those that have special requirements will be considered below.

Heat sources

As you know, this is the main unit of any home heating system, the choice of which should be approached reasonably. The beam circuit is structurally quite complex and, accordingly, requires powerful equipment.

When choosing a boiler power, you need to take into account that an extensive network of pipelines laid during radiant heating, as a rule, in the floor structure, causes slightly larger heat losses, which affect the efficiency of the system as a whole.

Heating manifold

The second most important element in such a heat supply system is collector. It is a device in the form of a short pipe with numerous pipes for connecting radiators. In the literature you can often find another name for it - comb.

Figure 2 – Heating manifold

The dimensions of the collector can be adjusted during operation, adding new sections as new heating devices are connected.

Its main function is the centralized distribution of coolant from the heat source to the heating devices. It also allows you to regulate the heating intensity of each of them, as well as turn off a separate circuit for repairs or planned replacement without affecting the operation of the system due to installation various types shut-off and thermostatic valves.

Radiant heating, as a two-pipe system, involves the use of two collectors: supply and outlet, usually installed in pairs. And to accommodate the entire unit, it is recommended to use a special cabinet, which will not only provide easy access to the equipment, but will also hide its unaesthetic appearance.

It should be noted that the use of collectors in heating scheme makes it easy to modernize and allows you to connect it to the system " Smart House" Specially installed sensors provide the ability to automatically regulate the degree of heating of the coolant depending on temperature fluctuations in the premises, as well as remote control heating the house.

Circulation pump

A radiant heating system, as a rule, involves forced circulation of the coolant, and therefore necessarily requires the installation of a pump.

When choosing a circulation pump model, you should take into account not only its power, but also such a parameter as the speed of pumping water per unit time.

Depending on the complexity of the circuit configuration, as well as the length of the pipelines, two devices may be required, mounted both on the supply and return.

Pipes

To organize a radial heat supply scheme, metal, metal-plastic and polypropylene pipes. When choosing a specific type, you should proceed not only from the cost of the products, but also from the complexity of installation and repair. In this regard, the plastic version has found the greatest use.

When purchasing pipes, it is necessary to take into account that their diameter must correspond to the dimensions of the inlets and outlets of the boiler and manifold. If necessary, adapters can be used.

The main advantages and disadvantages of a radiant heating system

The organization of the radiant heating scheme predetermined a number of its benefits, among which it should be noted:

reliable operation - the system eliminates the possibility of water hammer; there are few weak points in it, since the number of pipeline connections from the collector to the radiator is reduced to a minimum, or they are completely absent;
independence from the configuration and size of the building (flexibility) - it allows you to provide efficient heating houses of any layout and number of floors;
balance - all heating devices heat up evenly;
the ability to regulate, including automated, temperature in each room;
simplicity of repair and maintenance work - replacing damaged areas does not require opening the floor covering; to carry out such activities, the required circuit (beam) is turned off without affecting the functionality of the system;
the ability to modify the system at any stage of creation and operation;
aesthetic appearance - pipelines are usually laid in the floor structure, and collectors are installed in special cabinets or niches.

Despite its high efficiency, the radiant heating circuit has several shortcomings:

high material consumption and, accordingly, price - due to the significant total length of pipelines, as well as the need to purchase a large number of connecting elements, control valves, manifolds, pumps, sensors, etc.;
the need for competent and high-quality installation to avoid problems in the future.

Existing schemes and nuances of installing a beam system

The classic version of such heat supply involves the installation of heating collectors on each of the floors or parts (with a complex configuration) of the building.

In this case, the collectors are mounted on the walls (in existing or pre-designed niches) or placed in special cabinets, and the piping system is laid along the subfloor, as a rule, before screeding.

Figure 3 – Installation diagram of a radiant heating system

If the collector is located above the radiators, air will accumulate in it over time. To eliminate this, you need mandatory installation automatic air vents.

There is also an option in which the heating devices are located at a higher level, i.e. the comb is mounted on ground floor or basement. In this case, pipelines are laid along walls, which are subsequently sheathed with structures of various types (plasterboard sheets, PVC panels etc.).

Figure 4 - Radiant heating with a bottom-mounted collector

In small two-story houses, you can sometimes find a scheme using one collector unit, which provides heating for both levels. In this case, you need to purchase enough powerful pump, capable of pumping coolant to all floors. But since the cost of the corresponding equipment is quite high, this option is practically not used.

Figure 5 – Scheme of radiant heating of a two-story house with one collector unit

When building houses, you need to think about the functionality of the heating system. It is one of the most expensive to construct, but the comfort and convenience of living for residents in the winter season depends on it. In addition to the cost of the system itself, important factor in a private home the cost of fuel is also included. Traditional heating systems are being replaced by newer ones that require in various ways gaskets One of these variations is radiant heating. These systems are quite complex and require properly executed design and installation. Character traits, the rules, advantages and disadvantages should be considered separately.

Design diagram

Radial system design

In most modern housing, heating pipes are laid parallel to the walls. But this wiring method is ineffective in large buildings with several tiers. The liquid that transfers heat begins to lose energy in a short time, as a result of which the temperature in the rooms located next to the boiler room will be higher than in those located further away. To correct this drawback and ensure uniform heating, a radiant heating system for a private home was invented.

Visual representation

Heating differs significantly from the tee heating traditional for most buildings. The main difference is the need to install a manifold cabinet in which necessary equipment, providing circulation.

In this design, several separate circuits are created, which are connected in parallel with heating elements: radiators, heated floors. Moreover, pipe routing is carried out in the process overhaul on the floor of the building. Thus, each of the heating elements is filled with coolant from a separate heating circuit, and each radiator will have approximately the same temperature.

Unlike tee wiring, radial wiring requires a significantly larger number of pipes, but fewer connecting components. Therefore, their installation complexity is approximately equal. Since parallel wiring is considered more reliable, it is more difficult to make mistakes during execution, and leaks and depressurization occur less frequently.

Pros and cons of the beam system

Like other types of wiring, beam wiring has a number of advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, before installation, you should familiarize yourself with all the positive and negative sides and features of use. This will avoid complications and problems in the future. It's worth starting with the cons.

Switchboard

Disadvantages of the beam system

The main disadvantages of this wiring scheme include:

The need to purchase and lay a significant number of pipes. For each heating element the house will require at least 2 pipes that need to be connected into a single network, connected through a system of fittings.
A significant number of pipes makes installation highly complex. Therefore, when building a house, heating installation is extremely expensive.
Beam wiring can be installed exclusively covertly. A traditional tee system is usually installed along the walls, however, due to the large number of inlet and outlet pipes, a radial tee system can only be laid under the floor. An alternative is to secure the pipes in the walls, but this significantly increases the amount of material required and the complexity of the work.
Lack of docking modules. When laying pipes, be sure to avoid bends and joints. It is in such areas that breakthrough most often occurs. And since the repair of radial wiring is significantly complicated due to the need to tear off the floor covering, it is easier to prevent problems.
If there are a large number of rooms that require different temperature, then each of the pipelines must be equipped with a separate pump for forced circulation.

Pros of the beam system

The main advantages include ease of use. The system comes with a significant amount of equipment to make heating control as simple as possible.

Using a manifold cabinet, you can easily regulate the temperature of each specific radiator. Also, you can easily completely stop the flow of liquid to any of the radiators, without turning off the others.
Each supply and discharge pipe goes exclusively to one heating element. This allows the use of small diameter pipes. They are easy to disguise under floor coverings. And also slightly heat the house.
Taking into account the use of hydraulic arrows, which are a container with a large capacity, it can be arranged in different rooms different temperatures.
Economical. The energy loss of the coolant during movement is much lower. In addition, the floor warms up, which then transfers heat to the atmosphere.
Allows you to effectively distribute heat even to the most remote rooms.

How is the radial system organized?

The most important element in organizing such systems is the collector assembly. If it is necessary to carry out wiring on each of the floors, you will need to place one on each of the floors.

Forced circulation pump

During installation, the collectors are placed in special cabinets, which provide the ability to regulate the operation of the system. When laying, it is necessary to ensure a minimum number of pipe joints, which significantly increases the safety and stability of the equipment.

Also, it is necessary to choose the right heating boiler, taking into account power, heat and electrical energy, efficiency factor taking into account heat loss by the system. Regardless of the type of fuel that the boiler consumes during the heating process, the need for calculation is mandatory.

Rules for choosing a forced circulation pump

The main application of radiant circuits for home heating systems is a horizontal arrangement, with coolant supplied from below. To ensure operation, it is necessary to use a circulation pump, which ensures forced circulation of the coolant through the branches of the network.

Using a pump can significantly reduce the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet of the circuit. As a result, the efficiency of the beam system is significantly increased, providing greater compactness and lower material costs.

Choosing this type of unit is based on several parameters:

performance;
pressure height.

To select the right pump, it is necessary to take into account the width of the pipe lumen, the length and height level relative to the pump itself. All calculations are carried out in advance.

How to properly install a circulation pump

Wet powered pumps are installed horizontally.
The thermostat device must not be brought as close as possible to hot surfaces to avoid distorted readings.
Installation is usually carried out on the return sections of the system to ensure normal operation of the system and to prevent excess temperatures. A number of modern pumps can also be mounted near the boiler and operate at high temperatures without problems.
If there is no mechanism for eliminating excess air on the heating circuit, you should definitely choose a pump with the ability to remove gases.
It is advisable to mount it as close as possible to the expansion tank.
Before installation, it is advisable to clean the system of all solids.
Before launching the beam system, it is imperative to conduct preliminary testing with water.

Installation of a circulation pump

Is it possible without a pump?

The operation of the system can be ensured without purchasing and connecting a pump and a number of devices to remove excess air, but it is necessary to ensure compliance with certain conditions, which are extremely difficult to implement. It is necessary to select pipes with a large diameter and install the expansion tank at the maximum height from the floor.

This method can be used in rooms with small dimensions to ensure sufficient heat in the room. However, choosing between forced or natural water supply is required during the calculation process.

Selecting a distribution manifold

This device has a second name - distribution comb. It received it for the function it performs - supplying a liquid that conducts heat to each individual heating element, radiators, heated floors and others. Also, the coolant is returned to certain holes on the way back, after which it is supplied to the boiler or mixed with the contents of the pipes to reduce the temperature.

Distribution manifold

The number of simultaneously supported pipes reaches 12. In some models, for complex radiant heating systems for a two-story house, their number may be greater. Each manifold is connected to a ball valve, which allows you to regulate the flow of liquid to each radiator. This is necessary to regulate the amount of coolant that flows through the branches.

Which pipes to choose

There are a number of aspects by which the operational characteristics of the future pipeline are determined. You should make your choice after you decide where the network will be installed: under a camouflage coating or in a cement screed.

During the work, you will need to bend the pipes in a certain way, at a non-standard angle. For this reason, it is advisable to use a material with a sufficient degree of flexibility so as not to increase the number of joints. The best option is pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene.

Pipes

Moreover, the design must have a layer of airtight material. Otherwise, the smallest oxygen particles contained in the coolant may escape. As a result, rusting of the boiler and radiators is observed.

Also, it is worth paying attention to the following points:

For beam distribution, it is not necessary to use pipes of standard diameter. The optimal clearance is from 24 to 32 millimeters.
It is worth choosing products that are sufficiently protected from mechanical damage. Most often they are filled with cement, but it is necessary to prevent excessive pressure on the network.

This requires checking the integrity and connections of all pipe elements. After which you can launch. This is required to prevent leaks during operation.

Beam wiring diagram

When choosing a scheme, preference is usually given to a floor plan. The network is carried out under a masking covering on the floor. The collector is usually mounted in a pre-prepared niche in the wall. An alternative is a special cabinet.

Most systems require the installation of a circulation pump, but there are options when several of them are not required, or they are mounted alternately on each of the rings. A supply and discharge container is attached to each element of the system. Then, under cement screed pipes from the collectors are placed and then connected to the heating element.

It is desirable that the duration of all pipes be approximately equal. Otherwise, the system will need to be additionally equipped with a circulation pump and sensors for temperature control. There are two main ways to organize heating: with forced circulation and without. It is worth describing each of them in more detail, with all their inherent features.

Method 1 with forced water circulation

This type of system, which is equipped with pumps for forced movement of liquid, was previously considered extremely expensive. However, with the advent of cheap and reliable pumps, such heating with pumps has increasingly become used in apartment buildings and private buildings.

The most important difference is that the coolant (water or antifreeze) circulates between the heating boiler and radiators not using gravity, temperature and pressure differences, but through the use of a special pump.

Natural heating scheme

There are a number of positive aspects:

The system can be installed in a room of any complexity and geometry.
You can install radial wiring in rooms with large areas.
For laying, pipes of almost any diameter can be used, provided that they are located at right angles.

It is advisable to install the circulation pump on the back of the pipes going to the distribution manifold to prevent overheating of the equipment and rapid failure.

Method 2 with natural water circulation

In a system without the use of circulation pumps, fluid movement is ensured by gravity. A hotter liquid has a lower density, due to which it moves upward, then, over time, returns to the collector and batteries, and then to the radiators.

The installation has the following features:

During installation, it is necessary to provide space for the expansion tank open type, which needs to be placed in the most high place. It is required to compensate for the expansion of the coolant due to heating and prevents the pressure from increasing too much.
In this case, the purchase and installation of circulation pumps is not required, which reduces the cost of work.

This type of heating does not require electrical energy, which is convenient for dachas and other country houses.

Radiant wiring and heated floors

In addition to connecting to radiators, you can use a radial circuit to organize a “Warm” floor type system. If you draw up the project correctly, taking into account all possible options, you can avoid purchasing radiators, making the floor the basis of heating in the house.

In this case, the heat will be distributed over the entire area of the room, without heating some areas, as well as rising air flows. This results in a reduction in the amount of moving dust.

However, before installing such a system, several factors must be taken into account:

If the floor is made of concrete or wood, then a heat insulator must be placed underneath.
Then, arrange the set of pipes in the form of a serpentine.
Before concreting, it is required to test the system with water at normal pressure for 24 hours.
After that, position the screed.

For each of these circuits, it is necessary to provide a distribution manifold with sensors. To prevent pipes from being crushed, it is advisable to secure them with fittings or brackets.

Warm floor

Options for wooden houses

If you plan to place such a system on the floor in wooden house, then it is advisable to provide a number of holes in wooden beams ceilings Moreover, the slots should be slightly larger in diameter than the pipes themselves in order to prevent additional pressure on the pipeline.

Installation features

All such systems are installed and designed under concrete house, taking into account the dimensions, area, number of rooms and floors, planned coolant, radiator and some other parameters.

However, there are a number of rules that must be followed during installation. The use of a beam system in an apartment building is not permitted. Because the coolant circulates through vertical risers, which connect all rooms into a single network. Due to the connection of several collectors to the system, the liquid will not circulate to the upper floors.

Installation process

In private homes, you can install a radiation system if you follow these recommendations:

All manifolds that provide coolant circulation for radiators must be equipped with valves that would prevent the formation of plugs.
The circuit must be equipped with an expansion tank with a volume of 10% of the total amount of liquid circulating through the pipes. The best option– use of a membrane tank.
The tank is attached to a pipeline that connects the outlet tank with the heating element.
If you plan to attach multiple pumps, make sure they are positioned horizontally. Otherwise, they will break, requiring expensive repairs or replacement.

Preparing for installation

Before all work, a project must be drawn up. It is especially important to consider the formation of the drawing. It should be quite detailed, with all calculations and dimensions. If it is impossible to do it yourself, you can hire specialists.

Also required:

Select locations for batteries.
Select the type of radiators and the number of sections.
Make a list necessary materials and equipment.

Installation of a radiant heating system

Collective radiant heating systems are installed under the floor. In this case, several recommendations must be followed.

The subfloor or base can be the foundation of the building, onto which a heat insulator is attached, after which the pipeline is placed. After which, the pipeline from pre-purchased and cut segments is connected. To prevent it from rising when pouring concrete, it is advisable to attach it in any of the following ways.

After that, around the network you need to place up to 5 centimeters of foam insulation and nail it with dowels. After which, you can fill it with concrete, up to 50-70mm.

Analysis of arguments for and against

The system has both advantages and disadvantages that must be taken into account during design. You need to arrange the manifold cabinet, which takes up a lot of space, and choose the right pipes.

However, such a system has much more advantages and positive aspects. Therefore, many owners prefer to install pipes along the radial distribution of the heating system in an apartment building. This provides a lot of benefits.

Conclusions on the topic

This heating system is more energy efficient than any other. It consists of many components, and the pipes and wiring themselves “feed” the heating elements and remove waste liquid. The radial design allows for extremely efficient distribution of coolant.

When building a home, the heating system has always been one of the most expensive expenses. The comfort and costs of residents for electricity and other types of fuel during the cold season largely depend on how correctly the heating system is installed. Outdated heating systems are being replaced by increasingly newer and more efficient systems that have better heat transfer, thereby allowing you to save on fuel. These systems are of the beam type, and they require competent design and installation. This article will discuss the radiant heating system and its features. Here we will also consider important points that you should pay attention to when installing the wiring of a radiant heating system.

Two-pipe heating system

Autonomous heating systems are becoming increasingly popular among people. They have a lot of different wiring options. Until recently, conventional autonomous heating systems were used, but more recently they have been replaced by radiant heating systems. They are also popularly called collectors. The name speaks for itself, since individually each radiator is connected directly to the collector, which distributes the coolant. With this connection of radiators, they are completely independent of each other. In a radiant heating system, other heating devices can be used, which also do not depend on radiators in this system. The radiators here are connected in parallel to the collector. As a rule, the collector is mounted somewhere in a remote part of the room, or hidden in a wall, or in a special cabinet. The collector is sometimes quite large. It all depends on the area of the heated room. The beam system allows you to easily repair a failed radiator without stopping the entire system. A radiator in need of repair should simply be disconnected from the heating system and dismantled.

A conventional heating system uses a two-pipe circuit. It is also called tee. To install this autonomous heating scheme, much fewer pipes are required than for radial heating. But the additional costs for pipes in the beam system are more than recouped due to energy savings. The radiant heating system most clearly reveals its economic effect in residential premises with a large area, especially in multi-storey private buildings.

Pros and cons of the beam system

It is best to weigh all the pros and cons before installing a heating system and decide in advance which system will suit you best. Of course, the beam system has its own characteristics, which also need to be taken into account. Let's start with the negative points.

Disadvantages of the beam system

This system has, perhaps, only one drawback - it is a larger number of elements in its design. In particular - pipes. It also uses more fittings;
A large number of elements in a given system can increase repair costs. A conventional heating system has a lower estimated cost and is cheaper to repair.

A radiant heating system for a private home requires a more correct approach when connecting all heating devices, since violation of the connection rules is fraught with frequent breakdowns of the system as a whole.

Pros of the beam system

But all of the above loses its significance against the background of the general advantages of a radiant heating system. In a very short period of time, a properly designed and installed beam system:

It will more than pay for itself. It also has a lot of useful and convenient features;
When using a radiant heating system, you can have a differentiated approach to heating in each room. This approach allows you to more efficiently distribute heat in your home, which entails very large energy savings;
This system is also convenient in that during its repair you can get unhindered access to pipe connections, which speeds up the identification of problems and their elimination;
In a traditional heating system, hiding pipes is not very easy. The radial system allows pipes to be hidden from view either in the walls or under the floor. If this system is installed correctly, then no components or wiring will be noticeable;
The correct radial distribution scheme allows you to effectively distribute heat throughout the entire area of your home.

Components for the collector system

The set of elements of a radiant heating system is similar to the set. For both of these systems, the main element is the heating boiler. In order for the radiant system to be effective, you need to carefully approach the issue of selecting the power of the heating boiler. When choosing a boiler, you need to take into account the area of the heated room, but it is also important to take into account heat loss.

The wiring of the radiant heating system also includes a pump that circulates the coolant. The radiant heating system does not work by gravity. Therefore, the vast majority of radiant heating systems have a circulation pump in their design. The pump must also be located in right place. Let's move on to the second very important element of the radiant heating system - the collector.

This element is nothing more than Switchgear. With the help of a collector, coolant is supplied to all segments of the heating system. The Collector includes numerous elements of shut-off equipment that allow you to differentially regulate the temperature of the living space, right down to individual radiators in the rooms. As a rule, the collector is mounted in a separate panel or in a cabinet, which fits perfectly into the interior and is not an eyesore. Now separately about circulation.

Heating circulation methods

The heating system can have several types of coolant circulation. These include:

Forced circulation method;

With the natural circulation type, the coolant is spontaneously distributed through convection throughout all elements of the heating system. To ensure the best circulation in a natural way, large diameter pipes are used in the heating system. The natural method of coolant circulation, due to its lower efficiency, has some limitations on the area of the heated room. Typically this method is used in small private homes.

The forced circulation method has long proven itself very well. Today on the market you can find a huge number of circulation pumps that are very compact and very efficient. These pumps have a fairly long service life. When installing a radiant system, it is important to correctly adjust the coolant circulation speed. The pump can be installed both on the supply and return side. Using a circulation pump, you can supply coolant to a fairly decent height. When selecting a pump this parameter also needs to be taken into account.

Today, forced circulation, due to its undeniable advantages, is undoubtedly the most popular method of transferring coolant. The advantages also include the very affordable cost of circulation pumps.

Where to start installation?

Typically, all construction activities begin with thoughtful design. Typically, a drawing is created first. To design a radiant heating system, it is necessary to make a similar drawing with all elements and dimensions. If this drawing cannot be made by hand, then it can be ordered from a design organization.

The beginning of the design always begins with an assessment of the room in which the radiant heating system will be installed. It is advisable to do this on early stages construction, until the moment when the premises have not yet been carried out Finishing work. It is better to immediately hide the elements of the heating system in the walls or under the screed. The drawing must detail all elements of the heating system and where they will be located. It is also advisable to provide more detailed information about the heating devices, since the system as a whole will be designed on the basis of this data. It is advisable to indicate the exact volume of heating devices and what materials they are made of. Using this information, you can accurately calculate how much coolant will be used in the heating system.

A very important point to pay attention to is additional heat loss. In a radiant heating system, the length of the pipes is slightly higher than in a conventional two-pipe system, and this factor is also important to take into account when designing and calculating a radiant heating system.

The drawing must also include a plan for laying communications for the heating system. It must also indicate all measuring instruments, as well as adjusting and locking elements. The drawing also indicates all additional elements that can be used in the installation of the heating system. Detailed information about this additional equipment and its installation is also described step by step.

Selecting a distribution manifold

The collector is also popularly called a “comb”, because this element of the heating system looks like a hair comb. The base of the collector uses a pipe to which numerous pipes are connected. A radiant heating system uses two collectors. One manifold is installed on the supply, and the other on the return. The circulation pump is usually installed on the inlet manifold. A multi-way valve is also installed here, which is equipped with a thermometer. Depending on the set temperature, the thermometer interacts with a valve, which increases or decreases the flow of heated coolant into the general heating circuit.

After the coolant has transferred heat to the heating devices, it returns through the pipeline to the outlet manifold. Accordingly, after this the coolant rushes to the heating boiler, where it is again saturated with heat. Balancing elements are also installed on the input manifold. These elements regulate the amount of coolant that can pass through the collector. In general, these two collectors are responsible for proper heating of the room and optimal heating balance.

Which pipes to choose?

Choosing the right pipes is very important important point when designing and installing any heating system. But for a system that is based on the ray principle, this point is doubly important. For this system, it is better to choose pipes that do not have increased rigidity. This is because a radiant heating system uses a large number of connections. And each connection is a fitting. Accordingly, the fluid resistance in a system with many fitting connections increases significantly. To ensure that the system has fewer connections and uses more flexible pipes. Seamless polyethylene and metal-plastic pipes have proven themselves very well in these systems. These pipes, like a hose, are sold in coils.

Polyethylene and metal-plastic pipes have a special layer that prevents air from entering the heating system. When installing a radiant heating system, special attention must be paid correct size pipes in different areas.

Radiant system with heated floor

As many may have noticed, a radiant heating system is installed on the same principle as a water heated floor. In theory, you can connect a warm floor to radiators through one comb. This method will be especially in demand by those who want to install heated floors in some rooms and radiators in others.

If you make a radial system together with heated floors, it will work. But keep in mind that heated floors are a low-temperature system, and radiators are a high-temperature system.

If you don’t think about adjusting the temperature, then in one case with heated floors in the room you will be hot, in another case with radiators it will be cold. Keep this in mind.

There is another positive side property of the collector heating system. Namely, a comfortable heated floor. The fact is that when radiant heating systems are installed, the distributor is mounted closer to the risers or the center of the room. In this case, pipelines from the distributor to the radiator in 99 percent of cases pass through corridors and enter rooms through doorways.

Yes, the pipes in this case are insulated with pipe insulation in one layer. But many installers know that 6-9 mm thick insulation allows up to 30 percent of heat to pass through.

That is why, where the pipes of the radiant heating system of the house pass, the floors are not cold, but comfortably warm. With one heating system we catch two birds with one stone. We get a reliable heating system without joints in building structures and comfortable heated floors.

Important installation points

As a rule, in a private house, a corresponding room is allocated for the boiler room, in which all the main elements of the heating system are located. The first stage of system installation is the installation of a heating boiler. After the boiler is installed, the inlet and outlet manifolds are installed. These system elements must be easily accessible. It is also necessary to install a Mayevsky tap on the output manifold.

Answers to frequently asked questions about the beam system

What pipe diameter should I choose?

Most often, when installing a beam system, 16-diameter pipes are enough. Used in rare cases larger diameter. Now we speak naturally about the diameter of the pipes from the collector.

How to do in two-story house?

Many people wonder how to make a beam system in a two-story house. We can make a beam system even in a skyscraper. The main thing is to use your own heating collector on each floor.

Is it possible to make a radiation system in an apartment?

Yes, you can. It is unlikely that this can be done directly from the thermal power plant. But if you have your own heating system or connect to a thermal power plant through a heat exchanger, then everything will work.

Is it better to have a two-pipe system or a beam system?

Conclusion

According to many users, the radiant heating system is recognized as the best of all systems. This system allows you to save energy resources, which is important in our time. But as you know, the maximum level of savings is achieved by reducing heat loss in your home. Therefore, it is best to start saving with good thermal insulation of the building.

Radiant heating distribution in the apartment. Radiant heating system for the house. Advantages and disadvantages. Choosing a circulation pump

Elements of a manifold heating circuit

Manifold cabinets and blocks

Features of a radiant home heating system

Review of diagrams and components of the heating system

Gravity heating system

Diagram of a forced circulation heating system

Manifold selection

Single-pipe horizontal

Advantages and disadvantages of the scheme

Features of installation of a single-pipe horizontal system

Radiant heating system for a two-story house is the best choice

Modern heating systems

How is a multi-storey building heated?

Types of radiant heating system

Selection of pipes for the heating system

Pros and cons of radiant heating systems

Types of beam wiring

Method 1. With forced water circulation

Method 2. With natural water circulation

Beam wiring features and elements

What is the difference between tee wiring and radial wiring?

Natural and forced circulation of coolant during radial distribution - which is better?

Advantages and disadvantages

Main design elements

Selection and installation of a circular pump

Selection and role of the distribution manifold

Beam wiring diagram

Preparatory work

System installation

Radial system and heated floor

Features of installation of the system for wooden houses

Structure of a radiant heating system

Heat sources

Heating manifold

Circulation pump

Pipes

The main advantages and disadvantages of a radiant heating system

Existing schemes and nuances of installing a beam system

Radial system design

Pros and cons of the beam system

Disadvantages of the beam system

Pros of the beam system

How is the radial system organized?

Rules for choosing a forced circulation pump

How to properly install a circulation pump

Is it possible without a pump?

Selecting a distribution manifold

Which pipes to choose

Beam wiring diagram

Method 1 with forced water circulation

Method 2 with natural water circulation

Radiant wiring and heated floors

Options for wooden houses

Installation features

Preparing for installation

Installation of a radiant heating system

Analysis of arguments for and against

Conclusions on the topic

Pros and cons of the beam system

Disadvantages of the beam system

Pros of the beam system

Components for the collector system

Heating circulation methods

Where to start installation?

Selecting a distribution manifold

Which pipes to choose?

Radiant system with heated floor

Important installation points

Answers to frequently asked questions about the beam system

Conclusion

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