Perhaps the invention of the winch can be attributed to one of the wonders of technology, along with the wheel. Such a mechanism does not need a special introduction; anyone who has ever taken a bucket of water from a well with a collar is familiar with such a device. They are used in various fields of activity to move goods. And in many cases, for drivers stuck on the road, a car winch, whether it is made by hand or purchased, installed independently or factory, is a real lifesaver.
Such a multifaceted winch
Such a device has a lot of different modifications, differing primarily in the drive used. Among them it is worth noting such winches:
- manual;
- hydraulic;
- mechanical;
- electrical.
In addition to differences in the type of drive, winches differ in the way they are installed and mounted on a vehicle:
- stationary;
- portable (removable);
- mobile.
Also, the transfer of force can be different. On this basis, winches can be identified:
- with winding drums;
- with friction drums or pulleys.
It should be noted that the first of the presented classifications is the most common, so it will be possible to consider the types of automobile winches indicated there in more detail.
Manual
A car winch of this type is arranged quite simply, most often the cable is wound on a drum or spool, through a system of sprockets of various sizes or a reduction gear driven by muscular force. What such a device might look like can be seen in the photo below, recommendations for use in the video
Mechanical
This device should not be confused with manual mechanisms discussed above. In this case, a car winch is connected directly to the engine using a power take-off. One of its options is shown in the photo.
The advantage of such a winch is high traction and reliability, but it's a pity that it cannot be used on most machines. The fact is that only domestic military UAZs are equipped with a power take-off, and even some models, for example, Toyota or Nissan. However, it is worth noting such a drawback as the possibility of using it only when the engine is running, if it stalls, then such a car winch will not work either.
A photo of such a mechanism is shown below.
She has her own engine, hydraulic. And it is powered by a car engine. As in the previous case, this will be a significant disadvantage for a car winch; it will not work when the engine is stalled. The advantages include the high developed traction force, complete tightness and the absence of electricity consumption from the battery.
Electrical
This is the most common type among all used. A similar car winch, the photo of which is given below as an example, is installed on almost all SUVs that overcome off-road.
There is a wide variety of their types, differing in traction and price. The most common is an electric winch with a horizontal motor. In this case, an electric motor, a drum with a cable and a gearbox, most often planetary, are located in the same plane. Another option for constructing such a mechanism is the option with vertical arrangement motor. Its advantage will be a high winding speed, but such devices are characterized by a high price. They are commonly used by athletes.
additional information
It is impossible not to separately touch on several issues of using the winch. Firstly, it can be permanently fixed to the car, most often in front. However, in this case, its mechanism is exposed to dust, dirt, moisture, which does not benefit it. To avoid this, many drivers practice the use of a portable winch, usually stored in the trunk of a car and removed if necessary.
Such a winch can be installed not only in front, but also in the back of the car, as, for example, in the photo below.
To do this, as a rule, it is only required to install an additional platform on the bumper (front or rear), to which the winch is attached.
A few words must be said about how to connect to the battery. An electric winch is a powerful consumer of energy, and therefore, with its frequent use on the road, it can become quite real when the native “battery” is completely discharged. To avoid this, in some cases it is worth thinking about an independent battery to power such a device.
How to make a winch on your own?
The above information allows you to assess how convenient and useful such a mechanism can be, especially in extreme situation when driving off-road. If your car is stuck, there is nothing left but to pull out, and in this case, a do-it-yourself winch made on the spot from improvised means can be useful. One of its manufacturing options is shown in the photo. 
The basis is the axis, which can be a strong stick, scrap, mounting, etc. It is hammered into the ground or fastened with any possible way. A piece of pipe is put on it, acting as a drum. One end of the cable is wrapped around a pipe segment, and a lever is inserted under one of the turns, which can be used as a strong stick, shovel, pry bar, etc. The second, the end of the cable is attached to the car. So with your own hands, if necessary, you can make a winch from improvised means. 
The above is not the only option on how to make a car winch with your own hands. There is nothing surprising in this, because such a device is very useful, especially for "jeepers", but its price on sale is sometimes prohibitive. First of all, numerous attempts are connected with it with their own hands, in one form or another, to make a home-made automobile winch.
And I must say that sometimes homemade mechanisms are very interesting, as evidenced by the video, which shows a self-made not electric, but a winch on a wheel.
For vehicles operated in urban areas, a winch is an exotic thing. But for real all-terrain vehicles, for which off-road is their home, this is the number one thing.
And there is nothing surprising in the constant interest in such devices, as well as numerous attempts to make a car winch with their own hands.
To understand why a car winch is needed, it is necessary to consider on which cars this device is installed. Most often, manufacturers equip machines designed for off-road driving with such units.
The thing is that when the vehicle starts to slip or cannot climb the slope, it is the winch that allows you to get out of this situation. At its core, this is a traction mechanism that can work both due to the physical strength of the driver, and with the help of an electric motor.
When the car gets stuck and cannot get out of the trap, it is enough to fix one end of the cable on some static object. Let's say you can wrap it around a boulder or several trees. After that, the driver will only have to press the button or grab the handle of the device, with which the car will be pulled out of the trap.
How to pull a car with a winch is shown in the video:
Why do you need a winch for an ordinary car
You have often seen serious SUVs equipped with a car winch. Thus, car companies make it possible for the buyer to understand in advance that this car is designed for harsh operating conditions. Off-road driving, mountainous terrain and windbreaks - that's why such a vehicle is needed.
Unfortunately, with our state of roads, every trip out of town turns into a real adventure. It is especially difficult to get to your favorite dacha or cottage in rainy weather. The road turns into a real mess, and getting stuck in another hole filled with muddy slurry is easy.
Attention! Car winch mounted on passenger car, allows you to safely ride on almost any off-road.
That's just the price of such a device in the store is not at all small. Fortunately, the design itself is not particularly difficult, and every driver can do it with his own hands.
Video about electric winch:
How winches are classified
A car winch is one of the most popular tools among motorists. The fact is that, thanks to its versatility, it can be used not only for towing vehicle but also for the movement of goods.
It is not surprising that many designs have been invented by professional engineers and motorists. this device. Conventionally, they can all be classified according to the following parameters:
- size,
- designs,
- specifications.
Accordingly, there are several classifications. Moreover, in many respects the possibility of assembling a car winch with your own hands depends on these parameters.
Attention! To really collect complex structure with outstanding technical parameters You will need technical education and expensive components.
Classification of winches depending on the type of construction
All structures can be divided into two types: stationary and removable. The first "tightly" are attached to the front of the body. Their main disadvantage is that due to the peculiarities of operation, corrosion begins to corrode the main structure of the car.
Important! Stationary car winches are highly reliable.
Among drivers, it is generally accepted that removable car winches are better than stationary ones. Main advantage similar products is that the driver himself can improve his car, if the need arises.
The removable winch can be installed both in front of the car and behind. It all depends on the specific situation. Moreover, the device can be stored in the trunk. So it won't spoil appearance your vehicle.
Hand winch
The simplest are manual car winches. They are the easiest to construct with your own hands. But their operation will require a lot of effort from you.
Of course, the lever allows you to significantly reduce the physical effort required to drag the car. However, you are unlikely to be able to do it alone.
Usually, in order to pull the car with a manual winch, it is necessary that one person is behind the wheel, gently depressing the gas pedal, and the other turns the lever. Otherwise, you are unlikely to succeed.
The advantages of this particular design include:
- compact size,
- reliability,
- ease of operation and installation.
If we take standard standards, then automobile hand winches are able to work with loads whose weight does not exceed 1000 kilograms. Usually, such devices are taken with them for their own complacency. They are not suitable for serious testing.
mechanical winch
An automobile mechanical winch operates by means of a motor. Its main difference from the mechanism that works thanks to physical strength, lies in the fact that the driver does not need to make any effort to tow the car.
Important! The main disadvantage of an automotive mechanical winch is that it will be completely incapacitated if the engine is not working.
Devices of this type are often installed on UAZ vehicles. The undeniable advantage of mechanical winches is power. It was quite enough to cope with such big machines. Despite this, the design itself is bulky and heavy.
A mechanical winch can look very good in a factory installation. But to design and install such a unit with your own hands is extremely difficult. Nevertheless, there are still enthusiasts who decide on such a difficult task.
Electric car winch
The electric car winch is the most popular among SUV drivers. The rotation of the drum is carried out thanks to an electric motor. Its power comes from the car battery. In fact, even if your engine stalls, you will be able to get out of a difficult situation thanks to the battery charge.
The hardest part of using a car electric winch is getting the battery consumption right. If you spend too much energy, you won't be able to return home on your own.
Attention! The load capacity of an eclectic car winch can reach 4000 kilograms.
In theory, the power of this device is enough to hang the car from a tree. As long as the branches hold up. It is also worth noting the high reliability of the unit.
Hydraulic winches
It is believed that this particular type of automobile winch has the most complex design of all. In principle, this is not surprising. Gadgets work thanks to the oil pump. The design itself consists of the following main elements:
- oil pump,
- drive,
- oil tank.
The hydraulic car winch provides a smooth ride and has big power. The disadvantages include increased explosiveness.
Starter winch
You can make a car winch from a starter with your own hands using a basic set of materials that are in any garage. The basis of the device will be a conventional car starter. The unit itself will work with a battery.
Advice! It is highly desirable that the design of the automobile starter has a planetary gearbox.
Excellent starters for car winches can be found in old Zhiguli. These devices are equipped with planetary gears, so you do not have to puzzle over their installation.
Preparation
To create anything, you need to be well prepared. So grab a piece of paper and make a list of the materials you will need for your starter car winch. You need to remember to include the following items in it:
- Drum - this part can be made from a simple pipe. It is enough to weld cheeks to it, their thickness should be about five millimeters.
- Gears.
- Reducer.
- Cable.
- Welding machine.
- A metal sheet. With it, in the future, you will carry out the entire design process.
- Bulgarian.
- Cables.
- Measuring technology.
- Starter.
After you assemble this entire kit, you will need to clearly, in accordance with the instructions, assemble the device and install it.
Attention! If you don’t have an unwanted car, you can find a starter at a junkyard or purchase it at a car market.
We make a car winch from a starter with our own hands
Before you start the assembly process, you will need to prepare a platform appropriate for your task. It will consist of a thick sheet of steel. It is on it that the installation of the structure will take place, then the following steps will follow:
- With help welding machine and bolts with nuts attach seats for the drum. Carry out the installation.
- Connect the drum to the gearbox. The input shaft is directed upwards.
- Connect gearbox and starter. For this operation, you will need an adapter. With it, you can install the starter.
- Equip the input shaft with a gear. The size of the tooth should ideally fit the entire structure.
- Activate the starter. If the shaft connects to the gear quickly and easily, then everything is in order, and you can continue the process of assembling a car winch.
- Slide the gear onto the gearbox shaft. To do this, you can use the flywheel crown.
- Securely fasten all structural elements.
- Connect electrical wiring.
- Install the control panel.
During the assembly process, oil, dust or some other dirt could get on the car winch. Clean your device carefully. Only after cleaning it will be possible to make a primer.
Advice! The paint color is best chosen according to the color of the car.
It is best to use the top of the bumper as a mounting location. It is well adapted for maximum loads. If you doubt the reliability of this element, make a platform for mounting a car winch with your own hands.
On the video how to make a winch from a starter:
DIY manual winch
A manual car winch can be made with a minimum of materials. That is why, in critical situations, this information will help you pull the car to flat surface on their own.
To make a manual car winch, you will need a strong axle. In its quality, ordinary scrap is better. Its strength is enough to tow a car.
The axle is driven into the ground. Other options are possible, the main thing is that the base is securely fixed. The end of the pipe must be put on the resulting structure. A lever is placed under the coil.
Attention! As a lever, you can use a shovel or a strong stick.
The other end of the cable will need to be attached to the car. As you can see, a similar design can be assembled in an open field, using only what is at hand. This perfect option when there are no others.
DIY hydraulic winch
The main difficulty in creating a hydraulic car winch with your own hands is finding a suitable motor. It is very important that the hydraulic motor fit on the front bumper.
Attention! You can use NSh-100 as a pump, power steering will also do a good job with this task.
Cut the channel on which the entire installation will be carried out in the future. For better fixation, two more elements can be welded. Hook their ends securely to the radiator.
After that, cut the shaft in accordance with the dimensions of the future design of the automobile winch. Make rings for the bobbin. Install brass rod bearings.
After you have welded all the elements together, it will be possible to install an automobile hydraulic winch on the machine. Do not forget to make a sliding gear on the shaft for quick unwinding.
The general principle of creating a mechanical winch with your own hands
Structurally, the device resembles the options described above. Except that a mechanical car winch is connected to a shaft. The platform for interaction is the transmission.
Attention! The winding speed in a mechanical type automobile winch is controlled by lowering and increasing the motor speed.
A device of this class can be set in motion using a transfer case. Unfortunately, due to the difficulties of installation and connection, few drivers risk assembling this particular design.
Operating rules
In order for the device to serve faithfully for many years, it must be used correctly. Here general rules:
- The device may only be used for horizontal movement objects.
- The unit cannot be used for mounting elements of bridges and power lines.
- Be sure to wear gloves when handling the cable.
- Before starting work, you need to check all structural elements for operability.
- The cable may only be approached or touched after the device has been switched off.
These simple rules will allow you to insure yourself against various surprises and avoid accidents while using the device.
Results
As you can see, it is quite possible to assemble a car winch with your own hands. Moreover, to create the simplest design you can use improvised means like a crowbar or a shovel. More complex options require a motor or the ability to connect to a motor.
The winch is an indispensable tool, as in household as well as in the garage. Raise a roll of roofing material onto the roof, throw a couple of bags of cement into the window of the second floor of a private house under construction, pull the engine out of the bonnet space, and drag the broken car itself into the garage ... This is an incomplete list of things that you can easily do alone with her help.
fixtures drum type for lifting or moving heavy loads, they differ in the way they transmit torque. From the school physics course, we know how the shoulder works. Losing in speed or distance - we win in strength. The phrase of Archimedes: “Give me a fulcrum, and I will turn the Earth over” just describes the principle of the winch.
IMPORTANT! When working with such a device, the fulcrum is the body and the place where the winch is attached. Both elements must be reliable.
A hand winch, with the help of an attached shoulder, increases human strength so much that one operator can move cars or lift loads of several hundred kilograms. With the same (from the point of view of mechanics) principle of operation, these devices have various ways execution.
Manual drum winch - varieties
A hand winch with a drum is a classic of the genre. In addition to the common element - the pulley on which the cable is wound, the devices have Various types drive.
A large, main gear is firmly attached to the drum. On it, and on the mount, the entire load falls. Therefore, the reliability of the elements must be at the proper level. In engagement with the main gear, there is a small drive gear.
The ratio of the number of teeth is the value of the gear ratio. In other words, the amplification factor. The drive gear is integral with the drive shaft. Since it is about hand tool- a handle for rotation is put on the shaft.
The length of the lever also affects the degree of reinforcement. The larger the lever arm, the less effort must be applied.
By using similar devices you can lift several centners of cargo alone or move a car weighing 2-3 tons. At the same time, the rotation speed of the drum is quite high.
The design consists of two or more pairs of gears, each of which has a gain factor of tens of times. With sequential engagement, these coefficients add up, multiplying the force.
back side medals - a proportional reduction in speed. With such a winch, you can carry out a slow vertical lifting of loads of more than a ton, but if you have to work with two bags of cement, the lifting time will stretch for tens of minutes.
With the help of this homemade product, you can pull a stalled car out of mud, sand or snow, without help.
The device is a winch that is put on the wheel of the car. The photo shows step by step process manufacturing homemade device for towing a car field conditions.
For our homemade product, you will need such a collapsible disk from a scooter.
We take half of the disc, apply it to the rim of the car disc, then mark with a marker exactly in the centers of the holes on the disc. There are 16 holes on our disc, they may differ for each brand of car.
From the rod we make eight hooks. The end of the hook in length is equal to half the diameter of the holes.
We weld the hooks to the disk through one mark, each time applying it to the disk, so that there are no displacements from the marking and easily enter the holes on the car disk.
The hooks can then be shortened slightly so that in the field it is not difficult to install and remove the device from the wheel. We connect the two halves of the disk with bolts and nuts.
This is what a homemade wheel winch looks like after painting.
And here is the process of testing the device for towing a car in the field. We take a cable or a strong rope, put the disc into the hole for the nipple and knit a simple knot.
We tie the second end of the rope to a peg hammered into the ground or to the nearest tree, pole. We start the engine, turn on the gear, and in the process of movement, the car will pull itself out of the mud.
At first glance, the presence of a winch is relevant only for SUVs. But given the specifics of our roads, it is recommended to have at least a simple homemade version this device. Is it possible to use a starter as the main power unit, and what are the difficulties encountered in the manufacture of a homemade winch?
Requirements for the design and its components
The purpose of the winch is to move cargo (car, trailer). It is a drum with a cable winding mechanism. The latter is attached to the support object (pole, tree). Unlike models installed on cars, a homemade winch from a starter is mobile. A chain or steel rope can be used as fastening to the frame of the machine.
Homemade design
To make a homemade winch, you should pay attention to the following nuances:
- It is recommended to use a starter model with a planetary gear.
- The design of the winding drum must have a brake mechanism. An alternative is to install a worm gear with a large gear ratio(40/1). In this way, the load on the starter power unit can be optimized.
- The body must withstand the maximum load, which includes the mass of the car and the effort to pull it.
Winch design
In a steel frame made of sheet iron (minimum thickness 1.5 mm) and reinforcement, a shaft with a worm gear is installed, connected by means of a gear to a starter. The rated load for the steel cable should be 1.5 vehicle weights.
Frame manufacturing
The first step is to make a design drawing. It directly depends on the size of the starter and the winding shaft. These components must fit inside the case and still have enough space for mounting the control unit and handles for holding.
It is possible to provide 2 types of transmission of rotational energy from the starter to the shaft - using a gear transmission or a belt drive. It all depends on the type of materials at hand. If there is a reliable pair of wheels (larger and smaller diameter) with an end groove for installing a belt, you can make such a winch. But you need to remember, it will have a much smaller useful power, which is due to the specifics of the design.
For the manufacture of the case you will need:
All blanks are made according to a drawing drawn up in advance. It should take into account not only the attachment points of the starter and shaft, but also additional stiffening ribs made of rods. After all the elements have been made, but not yet welded to each other, the correctness of their actual dimensions should be checked. To do this, the components are assembled into a single unit in which the starter and shaft are installed. Only then can welding be carried out.Installation of basic elements
First, the drum shaft is mounted. As additional element you can make a simple type of cable guide. It consists of two plates, between which there is a roller. The cable will slide on it, which will prevent it from tangling and will contribute to uniform winding on the drum.
If the transmission from the starter to the shaft will be carried out using a gear pair, the input shaft must be located on top. It is desirable to provide for the possibility of adjusting the mounting location of the starter. This way you can achieve optimal coupling between the gears.
The final stage of making a winch with your own hands is the installation of electrical wiring. For this you can use simple wires for connection to batteries with crocodile terminals. Be sure to install a switch between the wiring and the starter. As a result, the resulting mechanism should be powered by a car battery.
Checking the performance of the winch is carried out in stages. First you need to give a small load to make sure the reliability of the transmission mechanism. Gradually increasing the degree of load, you can empirically determine the maximum mass that the resulting winch can "overpower".
