The question is how to strengthen the ditch on suburban area, occurs most often in the presence of factors such as groundwater, heavy rains, heavy snowmelt, which can cause house flooding. Most summer residents are faced with this problem. The slopes of ditches are mobile and can crumble.
The device on the ditch site is necessary so that the site and the house are not flooded with groundwater and heavy rainfall.
Today, there are various ways to increase strength, which can also be used to strengthen the slopes of a ravine or the banks of a pond. But, before you start strengthening the ditch in the country, you need to carefully read its shape and find the most suitable option increase the strength of the walls.
Main characterizing factors
To create the most efficient drainage system, two independent networks are needed:
- Linear. Dries up the area. Most often it is used for constant flooding. From the top point it is necessary to dilute closed ditches with a slope of 5-10 mm per meter. After that, all the water will enter the open system.
- The second independent network encloses the foundation and basement of the house. Report point on this stage- Far corner of the house. The trench must be at least 50 cm deep and wide. Gravel or sand is often used to strengthen its bottom. One of the most popular, but not the most reliable ways is to drive stones.
The way to increase the strength of the ditch should be chosen depending on the angle of its slope:
- most often, slopes with an angle of more than 8% need to be strengthened (for this, it is necessary to plant the slope with plants that have a vertical-horizontal direction of growth);
- with a slope steepness of 8% to 15%, it is better to use geomats or a geogrid for strengthening;
- if the steepness is more than 15%, only internal reinforcement (geogrids and gabions) will help to strengthen the soil.
If the ditch has a large angle of inclination, but is not deep, you can drive stones into the slope, thereby strengthening the soil.
Strengthening slopes using geomats
The structure of the geomat is similar to an ordinary washcloth.
Geomats are a polymeric material that has a waterproof structure. It is created by applying polypropylene gratings on top of each other under high temperature. The structure of the product is similar to a washcloth, but this serves to ensure that plants can break through it. After some time, the roots of the plants will intertwine with the gratings and thereby strengthen the slope.
Laying of geomats to strengthen the slopes is carried out as follows:
- Before proceeding with the strengthening of the coast, it is necessary to clear the debris and level the surface of the slope.
- Fasten the upper edge of the geomat in the upper part of the ditch.
- Upon reaching desired length Roll out and cut off.
- Straighten the folds of the material and attach the bottom.
- Next, lay the next rolls in turn. Moreover, they must be laid with an overlap of about 15 cm.
- Cover the finished surface with a layer of soil and plant plants (seeds should be sown on the open surface of geomats at the rate of 40 g per 1 m²).
Benefits of geogrid
The geogrid is made from glass or polyester threads. This is a very durable material long term services. Is issued in rolls, has square cells. For laying, you will need a tape measure, a marker, scissors, a hammer, as well as a rake and a hand roller. The geogrid is laid out as follows:
Grass can grow through the geomat.
- Level and compact the surface with a hand roller.
- Distribute geogrid rolls along the slope at a distance that corresponds to the width of one grid web.
- Rolls must be rolled out by hand end-to-end.
- The unfolded mesh is fastened with metal anchors every 1-1.5 m. If the area is exposed to strong winds, the use of U-shaped brackets will be optimal.
- Cover the mesh with crushed stone, stones or soil.
Geogrid cells are stretched in length and width. This contributes to its adhesion to the ground. You can start work provided that the ditch is completely dry.
Geogrid use
A geogrid is a grid consisting of high-strength polyethylene cells.
To strengthen the slopes you will need:
- fine sand;
- geogrid;
- fasteners - reinforcement bent in the form of a one-sided hook, or special plastic fixture.
The ditch is strengthened as follows:
- If the ditch is filled with water, it must be pumped out (using natural drainage, a pump) or simply scooped out.
- Clear the banks of the ditch, remove branches, stones.
- Spread the grate along the entire length of the slope.
- Fasten with fasteners (the service life of the grating depends on the quality of fastening, with correct use it will last 10-20 years).
- The cells of the geogrid are filled with reinforcing material (gravel, sand, gravel).
- Decoration. It not only performs an aesthetic function, but also helps to strengthen the coast. For decoration, small shrubs are used that serve additional protection from corrosion.
What are gabions?
Gabions are made of galvanized wire.
Gabions are made of galvanized wire with PVC coating. This design withstands huge loads, since the mesh has a double torsion. Gabion serves up to 100 years due to its porous structure. It can be done independently.
Manufacturing steps:
- Reinforcement bars are welded into rectangles of suitable size.
- The size of the cells should be selected according to the diameter of the stones.
- Widen the slopes of the ditch with a shovel.
- Install the welded structure on the banks of the ditch.
- Fill the cells with stones.
- From above, cover the gabion with chain-link mesh (preferably galvanized, since it does not rust) to enhance the reliability of the structure.
- Strengthen the edges of the mesh with stones.
Strengthening slopes with slate or car tires
The easiest way to place slate sheets along the edges of the ditch is to secure them with metal posts. For work, you will need fittings, a shovel, a crowbar, a grinder and a respirator. Cut the slate into equal pieces with a grinder. Immerse in the ground tightly to each other (about 30 cm deep). Drive the reinforcement from both sides in a checkerboard pattern. Before that, it is desirable to paint it.
Strengthen the slope with car tires can be done in two ways:
- Lay the tires in rows, firmly tie them together. Hammer stakes in the middle for strength. Fill all voids (inside and between tires) with sand or soil.
- Lay the tires in “steps”, fill the rows with available material.
Before starting work, regardless of the chosen option for strengthening the soil, properly equip the drainage itself.
Work features:
- In addition to arranging the necessary slope, make a trench bottom of sand and gravel. Also need a pillow for the pipe.
- The use of geotextiles or a volumetric filter (for example, gravel) will exclude the ingress of debris and soil.
- For drainage, plastic pipes, ceramic and perforated products are used.
Worth taking care of drainage well, into which water is drained, since a ditch with constant stagnation will quickly collapse.
To drain excess water from the country or personal plot a drainage system is needed. With its help, you can protect the territory from waterlogging and buildings from destruction. One of the components of such a system are ditches. They can have different sizes (depth, width and length), but in any case, their walls must be strengthened. Otherwise, the water will turn the ditches into real ravines, which will reduce the usable area of the site. And how to strengthen the ditch in the country? This is exactly what will be discussed in the article.
Ways to strengthen
Drainage systems have been around for a long time and people have learned to reinforce their walls. There are several ways to do this. They can be conditionally divided into two types:
- using improvised materials and plants;
- with the use of structures and devices made in the factory.
The walls of the ditch, using improvised means, are strengthened with slate, car tires, stones, and also by planting plants. This method is acceptable for small ditches or with a small slope angle.
The geogrid is covered with rubble
Various biomats, gabions, geogrids and geogrids are used at a slope angle of more than 8‒15 degrees. Also, such devices are used in the arrangement of large-width ditches.
Each reinforcement method has its pros and cons. This will be discussed further.
improvised means
Strengthening with slate
One of the simplest and most easily accessible ways to strengthen the walls drainage ditch is the use of slate. In this case, you can use the material that was in use. The main thing is that there are no large holes and cracks in it.
The technology using slate is quite simple. Sheets (whole or cut, depending on the size of the ditch) are laid on the slopes of the ditch tightly to each other. This can be done both strictly vertically and at a slight slope. Then, on both sides of the sheets, in a checkerboard pattern, pieces of reinforcement or thin pipes are driven in.
This method has both its advantages and disadvantages. The first ones include the following:
- low financial costs, and if used materials are used, then you can do without investments at all;
- ease of installation. All work can be done by one person.
The disadvantages of this design in its fragility. The appearance of the site itself may also suffer.
Strengthening the ditch with tires scheme
Strengthening slopes with the help of old car tires looks more aesthetically pleasing. In addition, this method allows you to make a design that will last much longer than the slate version (up to several decades).
Here you can resort to two methods, depending on the available space. One involves stacking the tires along the edges of the ditch. Soil is poured inside, but sand or gravel is better. For greater reliability, you can drive metal pipes.
If the area allows, then it is better to lay the tires with an offset. Each top row fits up to half the bottom. The result is a kind of ladder. Soil is poured inside and plants can be planted. Thus, a beautiful slope is obtained.
slope improvement
If the ditch is small and the slope angle is less than 8 degrees, then its walls can be strengthened with plants. Small bushes or perennial grasses are planted along the edges. Their roots will reliably strengthen the walls and will not allow water to wash them away and turn the ditch into a large ravine.
Special devices
For a more reliable and durable strengthening of the walls of the drainage ditch, special structures and devices can be used. These include:
- geo- and biomats;
- geogrids;
- geogrids;
- gabions.
Ditch reinforced with geomats
Geomats and biomats are made in the form of a polymer sponge. With help high temperature several grids of polymers are soldered. Such a structure is impervious to water, but at the same time allows the germination of plants.
Geomats
For laying such structures, it is necessary to perform following works:
- The slope is being prepared. All debris is removed from its surface and leveling is performed. Then it is desirable to compact the surface. This is especially important if the site has sandy soil.
- The material is supplied in rolls, so the laying starts from the top. The geomat (or biomat) is laid on the top of the slope, the edge is fixed;
- Then the roll is rolled to the base of the ditch and the excess is cut off.
- The next row is laid in the same way and overlaps with the one already laid. The tolerance can be up to 15 cm.
- Now the entire surface is covered with a small layer of soil and seeds are added. perennial herbs(if there is a need or desire).
Strengthening the ditch with a geogrid
Another type of material for strengthening the slopes of ditches is a geogrid. It is a mesh made of polymer material with a polyester base. The geogrid is cut into the required pieces and laid on a pre-prepared slope (the surface must be cleaned, level and compacted with a hand roller). The grids are laid close to each other and fastened with anchor brackets.
Geogrid
From above, the grid can be covered with a layer of soil and plants can be planted. For these purposes, herbs such as mint, periwinkle and bryozoan are well suited. These herbs with their roots will securely hold the cover in place.
Geogrids and gabions
Geogrid laying
More powerful designs geogrids are used to strengthen not only the slopes, but also the bottom of the ditch. They are made from polypropylene and polyethylene. Such products are not afraid of corrosion, they are quite durable and can serve for many decades.
Before installing them, it is necessary that the drainage ditch is dry. You also need to prepare anchor fasteners, a hammer, fine gravel.
Geogrid mounting scheme
After draining the ditch, all debris (large branches, stones, etc.) and large vegetation are removed from the surface. In this case, small grass can be left in place. Then the geogrid is spread. This must be done over the entire area of the channel, it is advisable to immediately cut off the excess pieces.
Geogrid reinforcement structure
For a long service life of the geogrid, it must be properly and securely fixed. This is done using anchor brackets or hooks. They can be purchased with a grate or made with your own hands from reinforcing bars with a diameter of 15 mm and a length of 50 to 110 cm. The fasteners are placed in a checkerboard pattern at a distance of at least 30 cm from each other.
The next step is backfilling the geogrid. Sand can be placed at the bottom of the ditch (if it is rarely filled with water) or crushed stone (if drains constantly flow in the ditch). On slopes it is better to use soil sown with grass. So the grille will more securely stay in place.
A more expensive, but at the same time more reliable, way to strengthen the slopes of the drainage ditch is to install gabions. In addition, such designs will look more aesthetically pleasing and respectable.
Gabions in action
Gabion is a factory product made in the form of a parallelepiped (box). The material used is double-twisted metal wire. Large stones or pebbles are placed in such "boxes".
In the production of gabions, not a simple wire is used. It has a polymer coating. This protection extends the life of the product up to 70 years. At the same time, the product is not afraid of aggressive impact. environment and can withstand heavy loads.
Installation of gabions scheme
Before installing the gabion, it is necessary to prepare the slope. Since the product is of considerable size, excess soil is removed. The gabion is placed in its place and filled with large stones or rubble. For greater reliability, a chain-link mesh can be fixed on top, it is advisable to choose it also with a polymer coating. For improvement decorative look on top of the grid, you can place stones or pebbles.
Strengthening the walls of the ditch with gabions scheme
If there are skills welding work And necessary equipment, then you can try to make a gabion with your own hands. For this, pieces of reinforcement are suitable. They are welded together, making a lattice. For a long service life, all parts can be coated with an anti-corrosion compound.
When strengthening the slopes of drainage ditches, do not forget about the base. Here you can use sand or gravel, depending on the frequency of filling with water. If the ditch is small and located in a conspicuous place, then the bottom lined with natural stones will look beautiful. A particularly beautiful effect will be obtained in combination with gabions.
Video
Another interesting way fortifications:
kakpravilnosdelat.ru
Strengthening the ditch: what and how to strengthen
Quite often at summer cottages or garden plots drainage or ordinary ditches are located. Their slopes can be mobile and gradually move down towards the bottom. In this case, the question arises of how to strengthen the ditch. Most various ways fortifications are discussed in our article. In addition, they can be used to strengthen the slopes of ravines or the banks of ponds and other water bodies.
Driven stones are a very famous, but not the most reliable way to strengthen
How to choose a strengthening method depending on the angle of the slope
It is worth deciding how to strengthen the ditch, guided by the angle of the slope of the ditch:
- Often, slopes with an angle above 8% need serious strengthening. It is enough to plant them with plants of horizontal and vertical action.
- Slopes with a steepness of 8 to 15% are reinforced with biomats (geomats) or geogrids.
- Significant slope steepness (over 15%) can only be supported by methods of internal reinforcement - geogrids and gabions.
Geomats
Geomats are a polymeric material with a waterproof structure. It is created by superimposing polypropylene gratings on top of each other under the influence of high temperature.
The structure of the resulting product resembles the structure of a washcloth. Thus, geomats protect the soil, and on the other hand, do not prevent plants from growing through them. Over time, plant roots intertwine with the lattices of the material and strengthen its structure.
Geomat structure
The laying of geomats is carried out as follows:
- Before strengthening the bank of the ditch, the surface of its slope is leveled and cleaned of debris.
- the upper edge of the first geomat is fixed in the upper part of the ditch with anchor bolts.
- The roll is rolled out and cut off, reaching the desired length.
- The folds of the material are straightened and its lower part is fixed with anchor bolts.
Scheme of laying geomats
- The following rolls are stacked in turn. In this case, it is necessary to create a longitudinal overlap of one roll on another by about 15 cm.
- The resulting surface is covered with a layer of soil of 3-5 cm and sown with plant seeds.
Geogrids
Appearance of the geogrid
Geogrids are made from glass or polyester threads. The product is a mesh with square cells, reinforcing the surface of the slopes.
The geogrid laying process looks like this:
- The surface is leveled and compacted with hand rollers.
- Rolls of geogrids are distributed along the ditch at a distance corresponding to the width of the web of one grid.
- The rolls are rolled out by hand almost end-to-end with each other.
- The expanded mesh is fixed with metal anchors - rods 3-5 mm in diameter, 150-200 mm long with bent upper ends every 1-1.5 m.
Drainage ditch: how to strengthen the walls with a geogrid
- The laid out geogrids are covered with the selected material (soil, crushed stone or stone) in small piles, which are then leveled manually.
- If the mesh was covered with soil, soil-covering plants are sown from above.
Strengthening with a geogrid
What is a geogrid
The geogrid is a grid of cells made of high-strength polyethylene and polypropylene. The principle of its operation is based on the adhesion force of its cells with the granular material with which it is subsequently filled. Such material is crushed stone and less often vegetable soil. Strengthening the ditch in the summer cottage is reinforced by sowing perennial grasses on the slopes.
It should be noted that when using soil-covering plants, the geogrid ceases to be visible over time and does not violate the natural landscape.
Geogrid fixing process
Strengthening technology
To strengthen the drainage ditch, you need to purchase:
- fine gravel or sand;
- special geogrid;
- mount for her:
- special plastic fixture;
- or the usual armature, bent in such a way that it began to resemble one-sided hooks.
The reinforcement scheme can be supplemented with geotextiles
You can strengthen the banks of the drainage ditch with geotextiles as follows:
- Preparing to fortify. The process begins with pumping out water, if the ditch is filled with it, in order to gain access to the strengthening of its lower parts. There are three ways to implement pumping:
- with the help of natural drainage (an inclined pipe, through which the drains will go by gravity);
- pumping out;
- self-extraction.
- Next, they move on to clearing the banks of the ditch or drainage, which will be strengthened. It is enough to remove large clutter - massive branches and plants, large stones, but small grass and minor debris (of plant origin) can be left.
- The geogrid is spread along the length of the entire slope of the ditch.
- Then it is strengthened using the chosen fastener method (purchased fasteners or hand-made).
Mounting scheme and mounting anchor scheme
- The cells of the geogrid are filled with reinforcing material. Ordinary soil should not be used for this, as it will simply be washed out over time. Depending on the degree of moisture, the ditches are used:
- Crushed stone if the recess is filled with water. In addition, to improve the aesthetic properties, crushed stone can be replaced with any similar material, for example, river pebbles.
- Sand if the ditch is dry.
Cells filled with gravel
Decoration, in addition to the aesthetic function, has an additional strengthening of the coast. Can be used small shrubs or seeds of special ground cover plants with abundant roots. In addition, plants will protect the soil from the occurrence of corrosive processes.
DIY gabions
What are gabions
Gabion: diagram, double twist mesh view, standard size table
Maccaferri gabions are often used to reinforce open drainage ditches. They are a factory-made metal mesh product, made in the form of a parallelepiped, and then filled with large stone or rubble.
Gabions are made of galvanized wire coated with PVC to protect against chemical, corrosive and mechanical influences. The design is able to withstand significant loads due to the use of a mesh with double torsion.
Drainage properties of the product are provided due to its porous structure. Also, thanks to it, hydrological loads on the slope and the removal of soil particles from it are excluded.
Gabions are a perennial structure. They have a beneficial effect on the natural ecosystem, and due to its action, their effectiveness only increases over the years. Manufacturers themselves promise a service life of up to 100 years.
Appearance of factory gabions
How to make a gabion with your own hands
The only drawback of factory gabions is the high cost. In addition, finding a retail manufacturing company can also be difficult. For this reason, we suggest making them yourself:
- You will need reinforcing bars with a diameter of 6 mm. The rods are welded into a rectangular structure of suitable size.
Structural welding process
- The cell size of the rebar cells is selected according to the diameter of the purchased stones, so they must be purchased in advance. So, if the average fraction diameter is 150 mm, then cells of 100 * 100 mm are suitable for you.
- After the structure is welded, it is installed on the banks of the ditch.
- Then the cells are filled with purchased cobblestones.
- From above, for reliability, a home-made gabion is covered with a chain-link mesh.
Homemade gabions stacked on top of each other
The usual grid the chain-link is subject to rusting. This problem can be solved in one of two ways:
- purchase a galvanized chain-link covered with PVC and devoid of such a disadvantage;
- fasten the chain-link in such a way that after a few years it can be replaced with a new mesh.
canalizaciya-prosto.ru
Strengthening the walls of drainage ditches: an overview of the best ways
The site on which the house is built most often needs the arrangement of a drainage system. This is a fairly complex and by no means cheap design. The most costly option is laying closed system, so many choose open. It consists of several drainage ditches connected to each other. The main problem of this design is the gradual shedding of slopes, which eventually "slide" to the bottom. There are many ways to strengthen the walls of drainage ditches. Let's consider them in more detail.
When choosing a way to strengthen the slopes of a ditch, one should be guided, first of all, by the angle of inclination of its walls:
- Slopes with an inclination angle of less than 8° do not need to be reinforced. For them, it will be enough to plant plants of vertical and horizontal action.
- The walls, the steepness of which varies from 8 to 15 °, must be reinforced with geogrids or geomats.
- Slopes of significant steepness with an angle of inclination of more than 15 ° must be strengthened by methods that involve internal reinforcement. Gabions and geogrids are well suited for these purposes.
In addition to the angle of inclination of the wall, the depth of the ditch is also of great importance. If it is small, you can strengthen the slopes by hammering stones into them.
The slopes of the drainage ditches need to be reinforced. If their depth is small, you can strengthen the slopes by hammering stones into them.
Option #1 - 3D Geogrid
The geogrid is widely used for reinforcing slopes. It is produced from polymer fibers with a reinforced monofilament interlaced structure and stitched mesh nodes. To increase the strength, the material is additionally impregnated with polymer compounds. The root system of plants easily penetrates through the cellular cover and forms a sod layer, which makes it possible to securely fix the earth cover on the slope, strengthen the slopes and increase their stability.
Geogrid laying is carried out as follows:
- The walls of the ditch are leveled and compacted with a hand roller.
- We lay out the rolls of material along the trench at a distance that corresponds to the width of the panel.
- We roll out the grid, laying the strips almost end-to-end.
- We fix the laid material every meter and a half with anchors with bent upper ends. If strong winds are not uncommon in this area, then it is best to use U-shaped metal brackets as fasteners.
- The fixed geogrids are covered with soil or decorative material. It can be stone, crushed stone, etc. Suitable plants are sown on top of the soil.
Anti-erosion geogrid is resistant to decay, corrosion, high and low temperatures. The material is not afraid of aggressive environments, withstands high stresses and does not deform. Over time, its performance characteristics do not change. The geogrid limits slope deformation and ground movement. The material becomes the basis for a strong mass capable of withstanding heavy loads. Including frost heaving, subsidence and soil displacement. Flexible coating can be used on surfaces of any configuration.
The geogrid limits slope deformation and ground movement. It is durable, resistant to aggressive environments and decay.
Option #2 - anti-erosion geomats
Geomats are structures formed by three layers of double orientation polypropylene gratings. The grids are superimposed on each other and fastened together with a polypropylene thread. The structure of the resulting product resembles a washcloth, which allows it to fix the soil and not interfere with the growth of plants. Over time, the roots of vegetation braid the gratings of geomats, which makes their structure even more durable.
Geomat has a porous structure that allows the root system of plants to easily pass through the material.
Material properties:
- resistance to UV radiation;
- full preservation of its properties in the sea and fresh water;
- resistance to aggressive environments;
- not toxicity;
- resistance to a wide range of temperatures;
- low level of smoke formation and flammability;
- resistance to microbial attack.
The use of geomats allows you to preserve the natural look and character of the landscape. The material is quite simple to install and, if necessary, can be laid even in winter. The process of strengthening the slopes is carried out in several stages:
- We level and clean the walls of the ditch from debris.
- We fix the upper edge of the first roll with anchor bolts in the upper part of the slope.
- We roll the roll to the bottom and cut off the desired length of the fragment.
- We carefully straighten the material and fix its lower part.
- We lay the next strip of coating on the first one with an overlap of about 15 cm.
A layer of soil 3-5 cm high is poured over the laid geomats, into which plant seeds are sown. Professionals recommend using such a sowing scheme. Sow two thirds of the seeds on the open surface of the material, and one third on the covered soil. Seed consumption is about 40 g per sq. meter.
After laying the geomats and backfilling them with soil, plants should be sown, the root system of which will strengthen the slopes of the trench
Option # 3 - homemade gabions
Gabions are a frame made of metal mesh with cells in the form of a hexagon. The structure is filled with rubble, pebbles or stones. Such a system perfectly protects the slopes from shedding. Gabions are made of double-twisted metal mesh coated with zinc, galfan or polyvinyl chloride. The content of the structure is chosen in such a way that the filler fraction is smaller than the cell size. To facilitate installation, gabions are first installed, and then filler is poured into them.
There are two types of structures: mattress-mattress and box-shaped. The former are used for covering surfaces and shaping them. Retaining structures are made of box-shaped structures. They are used to strengthen the slopes of the trenches. The porous structure of the product provides the necessary drainage properties, eliminates hydrological loads on the walls of the ditch and the removal of soil from the slope. The manufacturer guarantees a long service life of the structure, it can reach one hundred years. Gabions have a positive effect on the natural ecosystem, their effectiveness only increases over time.
Gabions are very aesthetic designs. They not only strengthen, but also decorate drainage structures.
The disadvantage of factory designs is considered to be their high cost. However, gabions can be made independently, while selecting the most suitable sizes for specific conditions. The work is carried out in several stages:
- We determine the dimensions of the future structure. For small areas, it is optimal to choose gabions with dimensions of 800 * 400 * 400 mm. We select the cell sizes that should be larger diameter filler. Therefore, the latter must already be purchased.
- We weld structures from rods with a diameter of 6 mm right size rectangular shape.
- We install the finished frames on the slopes of the drainage ditch.
- We fill the gabions with a pre-prepared filler.
- From above we cover a homemade gabion with a chain-link mesh. Thus, the structure will acquire greater strength.
The chain-link mesh is subject to corrosion. The problem is solved in two ways. You can purchase a mesh with protection, PVC coated or galvanized. Or do the following: fix the usual grid so that it can be easily replaced with a new one after a while.
Option #4 - volumetric geogrid
A geogrid or geocells, geocells is a geosynthetic coating, which is a three-dimensional structure made of tapes that are fastened together. In the process of manufacturing a geogrid, polyethylene tapes are welded together in a checkerboard pattern. The result is a reliable frame with cells of the same size.
Various fillers can be filled into the cells of the geogrid. For “wet” ditches, pebbles or crushed stone are preferable; for dry ditches, sand is suitable
There are two types of geogrid available: with and without perforation. The first is characterized by better drainage capacity. It is this material that is recommended to be used to strengthen the walls of drainage trenches. Covering without perforation is allowed to be laid on slopes only if there is an intermediate layer of geotextile. Geogrid installation is carried out as follows:
- We level the slopes of the trench, give them desired shape and compact the soil. If necessary, we lay geotextiles on the base.
- We lay the material in the direction from top to bottom.
- We stretch the geogrid and fix it with L-shaped anchors. The service life of the structure depends on the correct execution of this operation.
- We fill the coating with bulk material. If the recess is filled with water, rubble, pebbles or any similar filler is laid. Sand is suitable for dry trenches.
Geocells differ in cell sizes, as well as in the height of the rib. The choice of material depends on the type of bulk material and the steepness of the slope. The product has good flexibility and high strength. It is resistant to various aggressive environments, does not rot and deteriorate, is non-toxic and has a long service life.
Option #5 - Budget Ways
The options described above are quite expensive. If you want to strengthen the walls of the drainage ditch on the principle of "cheap and cheerful", you can use these methods.
Using old tires
This cheap method involves the use of used tires, which in most cases can be obtained for free. For backfilling, ordinary soil or sand is required. Tires are laid in rows, with each next shifted by half the diameter of the tire. The parts are tightly connected to each other and reinforced with stakes that are hammered into the center of each tire. The laid parts are covered with soil or sand. The gaps between the tires are also filled up. The structure is ready.
Strengthening with slate sheets
An even simpler option involves the use of slate sheets. You can use flat or wavy material. Sheets are fixed with metal posts. The main advantages of this method can be considered low labor costs and low cost. Unfortunately, such a system will not last very long. However, it performs its function quite well and saves the slopes from slipping.
Strengthening the walls of the drainage ditch with slate sheets is one of the simplest, budget options.
A drainage system is a necessary attribute of most sites. You can arrange it different ways. The simplest of these are open drainage ditches. To protect trench slopes from collapse, you can choose various methods. It is possible to decide on an option only after analyzing the specific conditions, including the type of soil, the angle of the ditch and, of course, the financial capabilities of the owner. Experts recommend using modern reinforcing materials, which may be more expensive than "budget funds". But such systems will last a long time and will not cause trouble to the owner.
aqua-rmnt.com
How to strengthen the ditch in the country
Many summer residents in the arrangement of the territory are faced with this problem. Availability ground water, swampy soil lead to the creation of a drainage system. Moreover, the flooding of the site occurs for other reasons. Stormy rains or heavy snowmelt in the spring leads to flooding of the house, basement or other utility rooms.
But before you strengthen the ditch in the country, you need to carefully familiarize yourself with its structure and choose the most suitable option for attaching the walls.
Ditch device
Gutter shape The creation of an effective drainage system requires the presence of at least two independent networks.
- Linear is designed to drain directly the site itself. Usually it is erected when there is constant flooding. Branches of closed ditches should be separated from the top topographic point, while ensuring a slope of 5–10 mm per meter. All water goes into an open drainage system.
- The second independent network should protect the foundation and basement of the house. Here, the reference point is the far corner of the building. The perimeter drainage ditch should also have a slight drop of 0.5 percent. To cover it use turf or concrete paving slabs.
- Any trench of this system must be at least 50 cm deep and wide. Near the foundation, this figure may be higher. For the device of drainage, such a simple method as fascines (these are bundles of rods and branches) or wooden boxes is used.
- Gravel, crushed stone or just sand of different fractions are often used to strengthen the bottom. But at the same time, the walls of the ditch periodically settle and crumble. Today there are several effective ways that will allow this to be avoided.
The main ways to strengthen
Before choosing a reliable method, you should carefully measure the angle of inclination that the walls of the ditch have.
plant use - If the slope angle does not exceed 8%, then it will be enough to strengthen it with the help of various plants.
- Biomats or geogrids are used with a steepness of 8 to 15%.
- If the angle exceeds 15%, then geogrids and gabions cannot be dispensed with. True, with a shallow depth, you can simply use stones and drive them into the slope.
Use of slate and tires
Strengthening with slate One of the most simple ways strengthening the walls of the ditch can become ordinary slate.
- In addition to sheets, metal pipes or fittings, a shovel and scrap, as well as a grinder and a respirator will be needed.
- With the help of a grinder, the sheets are cut into identical pieces. They are placed directly into the ground to a depth of 25-30 cm straight or with a slight slope. The sheets should fit snugly against each other.
- Reinforcing bars are driven in from two sides in a checkerboard pattern. It is best if they are treated with an anti-corrosion compound or paint before that.
- Western builders came up with another inexpensive way fortifications with car tires. Old tires can be laid in rows and fastened together. Stakes hammered into the middle will give additional strength. The space inside can be filled with soil, but it is better to use sand or fine gravel. It is also useful for voids between tires.
- There is another way. Tires can be stacked in several rows. In this case, each overlying one is shifted by half the diameter. Then the tires also fall asleep. Using tires is very cheap, especially if you can get them for free or for next to nothing.
Tire laying Of course, you can't count on too much long term services, so you should look at more expensive, but reliable materials.
Strengthening the slopes of the site with tires Installation of geomats and geogrids
Biomat structure Geo- and biomats are nothing more than polymers with a waterproof structure. Polypropylene gratings are superimposed on each other under the action of high temperature. This structure is more like a washcloth, but this is done so that they can grow through the holes. various plants.
Geomats - The first step is to prepare the slope itself. It is necessary not only to level it, but also to clean it of any debris.
- Geomats are sold in rolls, so the top edge is aligned with the top of the ditch and secured there with anchor bolts.
- The roll is rolled to the bottom, and then cut and secured with anchors.
- The next roll should overlap with a tolerance of about 15 cm.
- Then you need to cover everything with a small layer of soil and use the seeds for sowing. Usually enough 40 grams per m².
- The geogrid is also available in rolls. It has a polyester base and square cells. Installation will require a tape measure, marker, scissors, a hammer, as well as a rake and a hand roller.
- It is with the help of a roller that the slope surfaces are well compacted and leveled.
- Each roll must be cut into a certain number of pieces, after which they should be laid tightly on the slope directly to each other. Anchor metal rods or staples are used for fastening. They are especially needed in places where there is a high probability of strong winds.
- The geogrid is also covered with a layer of soil and plants such as periwinkle, mint or bryozoan are planted. True, you can just use small gravel or pebbles.
Geogrid But for a more durable strengthening, you will need the use of a geogrid.
Geogrid installation
It is based on polypropylene and polyethylene. This alone suggests that this is a very high-strength and durable product. In addition, the geogrid is not afraid of corrosion and can last for many years.
- Since the cells of the geogrid can be stretched both in length and in width, their tight adhesion to the soil or crushed stone occurs. In addition to rolls, you will need anchor fasteners, scissors, a hammer, as well as fine gravel and sand. You may need a pump.
- Installation work can only be carried out when the drainage ditch is not filled with water and all slopes are absolutely dry. Therefore, it is necessary not only to pump out water, but also to prepare the surface. It is necessary to remove all debris, large stones and branches. In this case, small grass can not be touched.
- The geogrid is spread along the entire length of the ditch. In this case, an unnecessary piece must be cut off immediately.
Scheme of strengthening the soil with a geogrid - by the most milestone considered to be correct. After all, then the service life will be at least twenty years. You can buy fasteners or make your own. For this, hooks from ordinary fittings are used. The thickness should be 1.5 cm, and the length should be 50–110 cm. Such hooks are placed at a distance of 30 cm from each other in a checkerboard pattern.
- It remains only to fix all the cells well. Sand is suitable for a dry ditch. If it is often filled with water, then it is better to use crushed stone or river pebbles. Even better if the slopes are sown ground cover plants. Over time, this will lead to even more adhesion to the geogrid.
Filling with gravel and sand The most expensive but most good decision can be the strengthening of the slopes of the ditch with the help of a gabion.
Advantages of the gabion
Typical dimensions designsThis factory product is a product made in the form of a parallelepiped of a double-twisted metal mesh and filled with large stone or crushed stone.
- For the manufacture of gabions at the factory, a special galvanized wire is used, which also has a PVC coating. It is she who reliably protects this structure from corrosion, aggressive chemical environment and mechanical damage. Even heavy loads are not terrible. The average service life can be more than 70 years. But this affects the cost.
- Therefore, you can make a gabion on their own. To do this, you will need reinforcement bars having a diameter of 6 mm, as well as electric welding. In addition, you need to stock up on a tape measure, a marker, a grinder, a chain-link mesh, a shovel and a wheelbarrow. You will also need cobblestones.
- A design with dimensions of 80 × 40 × 80 cm is suitable for a small area. Reinforcing bars are welded together, forming a rectangular structure. The width of the cells will depend on the diameter of the selected stones.
The use of gabions - With the help of a shovel, it is necessary to prepare and widen the slopes of the ditch. Only then can be placed along the entire coast of the cell.
- Each cell is filled with large cobblestones and, if necessary, several rows are installed at once.
- The chain-link mesh is attached from above for better fixing. In order to avoid the need to change it often, it is better to choose a mesh that will also have a PVC coating. From above it is easy to strengthen with the help of cobblestones. In addition, it gives the whole structure a good decorative look.
gabions Gabions can last the longest, while they fit well into the ecosystem. Manufacturers guarantee at least a hundred years of service.
Arrangement of the drainage system
Before you start strengthening the walls of the ditch, you need to properly equip the drainage system itself.
You can use large pebbles In addition to creating the desired slope, it is necessary to correctly make the bottom of the trench. For this, sand and fine gravel are used. With their help, the necessary pillow is made for drainage pipe.
Its protection is carried out by a volumetric gravel filter, as well as geotextiles, which protect against the ingress of excess debris and soil.
Most often, ceramic or perforated asbestos-cement pipes are used for drainage. But in Lately began to use plastic gutters.
Note! Do not forget about the drainage well, where excess water will drain. After all, the ditch, in which there is constantly water, begins to collapse the fastest.
Modern materials will make it possible to well strengthen all the walls of the ditch, and then the threat of flooding will be reduced to almost zero.
Many summer residents in the arrangement of the territory are faced with this problem. The presence of groundwater, swampy soil leads to the creation of a drainage system. Moreover, the flooding of the site occurs for other reasons. Stormy rains or heavy snowmelt in the spring leads to flooding of the house, basement or other utility rooms.
But before you strengthen the ditch in the country, you need to carefully familiarize yourself with its structure and choose the most suitable option for attaching the walls.
Ditch device
The creation of an effective drainage system requires the presence of at least two independent networks.
- Linear is designed to drain directly the site itself. Usually it is erected when there is constant flooding. Branches of closed ditches should be separated from the top topographic point, while ensuring a slope of 5–10 mm per meter. All water goes into an open drainage system.
- The second independent network should protect the foundation and basement of the house. Here, the reference point is the far corner of the building. The perimeter drainage ditch should also have a slight drop of 0.5 percent. To cover it, use turf or concrete paving slabs.
- Any trench of this system must be at least 50 cm deep and wide. Near the foundation, this figure may be higher. For the device of drainage, such a simple method as fascines (these are bundles of rods and branches) or wooden boxes is used.
- Gravel, crushed stone or just sand of different fractions are often used to strengthen the bottom. But at the same time, the walls of the ditch periodically settle and crumble. Today, there are several effective ways to avoid this.
The main ways to strengthen
Before choosing a reliable method, you should carefully measure the angle of inclination that the walls of the ditch have.
- If the slope angle does not exceed 8%, then it will be enough to strengthen it with the help of various plants.
- Biomats or geogrids are used with a steepness of 8 to 15%.
- If the angle exceeds 15%, then geogrids and gabions cannot be dispensed with. True, with a shallow depth, you can simply use stones and drive them into the slope.
Use of slate and tires
One of the easiest ways to strengthen the ditch wall can be ordinary slate.
- In addition to sheets, metal pipes or fittings, a shovel and scrap, as well as a grinder and a respirator will be needed.
- With the help of a grinder, the sheets are cut into identical pieces. They are placed directly into the ground to a depth of 25-30 cm straight or with a slight slope. The sheets should fit snugly against each other.
- Reinforcing bars are driven in from two sides in a checkerboard pattern. It is best if they are treated with an anti-corrosion compound or paint before that.
- Western builders have come up with another inexpensive way to strengthen with the help of car tires. Old tires can be laid in rows and fastened together. Stakes hammered into the middle will give additional strength. The space inside can be filled with soil, but it is better to use sand or fine gravel. It is also useful for voids between tires.
- There is another way. Tires can be stacked in several rows. In this case, each overlying one is shifted by half the diameter. Then the tires also fall asleep. Using tires is very cheap, especially if you can get them for free or for next to nothing.
Of course, you can not count on too long a service life, so you should look at more expensive, but reliable materials.
Installation of geomats and geogrids
Geo- and biomats are nothing more than polymers with a waterproof structure. Polypropylene gratings are superimposed on each other under the action of high temperature. This structure is more like a washcloth, but this is done so that various plants can grow through the holes.
- The first step is to prepare the slope itself. It is necessary not only to level it, but also to clean it of any debris.
- Geomats are sold in rolls, so the top edge is aligned with the top of the ditch and secured there with anchor bolts.
- The roll is rolled to the bottom, and then cut and secured with anchors.
- The next roll should overlap with a tolerance of about 15 cm.
- Then you need to cover everything with a small layer of soil and use the seeds for sowing. Usually enough 40 grams per m².
- The geogrid is also available in rolls. It has a polyester base and square cells. Installation will require a tape measure, marker, scissors, a hammer, as well as a rake and a hand roller.
- It is with the help of a roller that the slope surfaces are well compacted and leveled.
- Each roll must be cut into a certain number of pieces, after which they should be laid tightly on the slope directly to each other. Anchor metal rods or staples are used for fastening. They are especially needed in places where there is a high probability of strong winds.
- The geogrid is also covered with a layer of soil and plants such as periwinkle, mint or bryozoan are planted. True, you can just use small gravel or pebbles.
But for a more durable strengthening, you will need the use of a geogrid.
It is based on polypropylene and polyethylene. This alone suggests that this is a very high-strength and durable product. In addition, the geogrid is not afraid of corrosion and can last for many years.
- Since the cells of the geogrid can be stretched both in length and in width, their tight adhesion to the soil or crushed stone occurs. In addition to rolls, you will need anchor fasteners, scissors, a hammer, as well as fine gravel and sand. You may need a pump.
- Installation work can only be carried out when the drainage ditch is not filled with water and all slopes are absolutely dry. Therefore, it is necessary not only to pump out water, but also to prepare the surface. It is necessary to remove all debris, large stones and branches. In this case, small grass can not be touched.
- The geogrid is spread along the entire length of the ditch. In this case, an unnecessary piece must be cut off immediately.
- The most important step is the correct fixing. After all, then the service life will be at least twenty years. You can buy fasteners or make your own. For this, hooks from ordinary fittings are used. The thickness should be 1.5 cm, and the length should be 50–110 cm. Such hooks are placed at a distance of 30 cm from each other in a checkerboard pattern.
- It remains only to fix all the cells well. Sand is suitable for a dry ditch. If it is often filled with water, then it is better to use crushed stone or river pebbles. It is even better if the slopes are sown with ground cover plants. Over time, this will lead to even more adhesion to the geogrid.
The most expensive, but most successful solution may be to strengthen the slopes of the ditch with the help of a gabion.
Advantages of the gabion
This factory product is a product made in the form of a parallelepiped of a double-twisted metal mesh and filled with large stone or crushed stone.
- For the manufacture of gabions at the factory, a special galvanized wire is used, which also has a PVC coating. It is she who reliably protects this structure from corrosion, aggressive chemical environment and mechanical damage. Even heavy loads are not terrible. The average service life can be more than 70 years. But this affects the cost.
- Therefore, you can make a gabion on your own. To do this, you will need reinforcement bars having a diameter of 6 mm, as well as electric welding. In addition, you need to stock up on a tape measure, a marker, a grinder, a chain-link mesh, a shovel and a wheelbarrow. You will also need cobblestones.
- A design with dimensions of 80 × 40 × 80 cm is suitable for a small area. Reinforcing bars are welded together, forming a rectangular structure. The width of the cells will depend on the diameter of the selected stones.
- With the help of a shovel, it is necessary to prepare and widen the slopes of the ditch. Only then can be placed along the entire coast of the cell.
- Each cell is filled with large cobblestones and, if necessary, several rows are installed at once.
- The chain-link mesh is attached from above for better fixing. In order to avoid the need to change it often, it is better to choose a mesh that will also have a PVC coating. From above it is easy to strengthen with the help of cobblestones. In addition, it gives the whole structure a good decorative look.
Gabions can last the longest, while they fit well into the ecosystem. Manufacturers guarantee at least a hundred years of service.
Arrangement of the drainage system
Before you start strengthening the walls of the ditch, you need to properly equip the drainage system itself.
In addition to creating the desired slope, it is necessary to correctly make the bottom of the trench. For this, sand and fine gravel are used. With their help, the necessary pillow for the drainage pipe is made.
Its protection is carried out by a volumetric gravel filter, as well as geotextiles, which protect against the ingress of excess debris and soil.
Most often, ceramic or perforated asbestos-cement pipes are used for drainage. But recently, plastic gutters have also begun to be used.
Note! Do not forget about the drainage well, where excess water will drain. After all, the ditch, in which there is constantly water, begins to collapse the fastest.
Modern materials will make it possible to well strengthen all the walls of the ditch, and then the threat of flooding will be reduced to almost zero.
An eternal problem, sliding and shedding of the walls of the ditches, which entails clogging, stagnation of water and, as a result, deformation and destruction of the structure of your entire ditch. To avoid this trouble, it is necessary to take care of the strengthening the walls of your wonderful ditch.
Choosing a way to strengthen the ditch
The method of strengthening depends on two factors, the steepness of the slope and the overall size of the ditch. Naturally, the greater the angle and height of the ditch wall, the more carefully and seriously it is necessary to approach measures to strengthen them.
If the slope angle is not large, then it is enough to simply plant the slopes with plants whose root system will create a reinforcing layer. For slopes of medium and high steepness, the use of geomaterials will already be required. Such as, biomats, geomats, geogrids, geogrids or gabions. Modern manufacturers offer a huge selection of materials, from expensive to relatively cheap. Let's take a quick look at everything we might need.
Geomats are a product consisting of several layers of waterproof polymeric material, similar to a lattice and resembling a washcloth. Such a structure perfectly holds the soil and does not interfere with the growth of plants, the root system of which reliably fixes steep slopes.
Biomats are a kind of geomats, the layers of which are filled with a nutrient mixture and seeds of perennial plants.
- a mesh material made of synthetic or polymer threads with square cells. Designed for reinforcing medium slopes.
Geogrid (volumetric) - a honeycomb structure made of polymer or synthetic tapes, the cells of which are filled with crushed stone or pebbles. The geogrid is held on the slope with the help of anchors.
Gabions are large structures made of galvanized metal gabion mesh with hexagonal cells. The whole structure is made in the form of a parallelepiped, which is filled with stone or rubble, larger than the cell. Thanks to the double torsion mesh, gabions can withstand heavy loads and are resistant to any corrosion. A variety of gabions are Reno mattresses - flat designs with low height and large surface area.
Industrial gabions are expensive and for our small ditches they will be bulky. We offer to use our new product, developed by our company, a mini-mattress "European Road Technologies". Which is designed to strengthen ditches, reservoirs, slopes and other coastal areas. In their appearance, mattresses are similar and similar in application to mattress mesh structures, which are also widely used in bank protection; but they have a relatively smaller size - 2x1x0.12m. This thickness of mattresses (12 cm) allows you to strengthen the banks and ditches without disturbing natural look and without cluttering the shore.
A distinctive feature of European Road Technologies mattresses lies in their versatility: they can be used both in industrial volumes, strengthening entire coastlines and areas adjacent to water, and for individual construction ponds and ditches, landscaping.
However, the use of this product is not difficult - from necessary tool You will only need gloves to avoid scratches and pliers, with which it is more convenient to assemble the mattress into working condition.
Laying mattresses also does not require any special skills: first, geotextiles are laid, then the mattress is laid along the coastal line, then stones are poured into it (they should fit the size of the cell, which is 6x8 cm.), The final stage- “closing” of the mattress, which consists in tying the joining elements with wire.
Another advantage of European Road Technologies mattresses over their "big brothers" is the ability to fill stones with a shovel, while, for example, Reno mattresses require manual laying of stones. And with a smaller volume of the mattress itself, accordingly, up to 50% less volume of loaded stones is required.
Differences between European Travel Tech mini mattresses and Reno mattresses
DIMENSIONS. RENO MATTRESS:
DIMENSIONS. MINI MATTRESS European Road Technologies:
Few people will undertake to refute the assertion that today storm sewers and its variety - a drainage (aka drainage) ditch - is an integral part of the entire improvement of the site, which is most prone to flooding during rains or meltwater. At the same time, it also happens that few people have an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat a drainage ditch is and how to equip it.
What is a drainage ditch
As a matter of fact, any is a special recess in the ground, equipped along the road or along the perimeter of the object, site.
Drainage ditch - a structure in the ground, designed to protect the soil from erosion or waterlogging, collect surface water and divert it to the nearest watercourse.
The principle of its operation is extremely simple: the water accumulated after intense downpours does not stagnate on the ground, but flows down the bottom of the ditch into a specially equipped drain or into a natural reservoir. If water is diverted from the overlying territory, then such a drainage ditch is called upland. And if the withdrawal is carried out along the perimeter of the site or along the road, then this is a ditch.
What are the advantages of a drainage ditch
First of all, such a ditch is designed to effectively divert water from the site. Thus, it will be possible to prevent such unpleasant phenomena as:
- flooding of the site and its swamping, the formation of puddles on the ground;
- decay wooden structures and plant roots
- inhibition of the growth of plantings on the territory;
- the appearance of fungi and mold on the walls of structures;
- deterioration of health due to exposure to high humidity;
- accumulation of dirt in the area.
Precipitation and melted snow cause considerable harm to economic activity, increase excess moisture in the soil, which can spoil landscape design, lead to death garden plants and destroy the foundation of the building.
In addition, digging a ditch, as a rule, does not involve the involvement of specialized heavy construction equipment. Literally every owner is able to take the most common bayonet shovel and dig your own ditch. A drainage ditch is also the cheapest and effective method drainage. It will require almost no cash outlay.
Disadvantages of a drainage ditch
However, this organization method also has its disadvantages. For example, a ditch is less efficient than a linear storm sewer and even with surface linear drainage.
The ditch does not have a long service life. However, if you approach its arrangement wisely and how to strengthen it, these terms will be extended to a significant extent. But even so, the ditch needs regular maintenance - the restoration of the embankment, cleaning and other repair work.
In addition, a drainage ditch can spoil the appearance of the site. But even here everything largely depends on the imagination of the owner himself. There are examples of well-decorated drainage ditches that are successfully integrated into the landscape design.
A ditch is a long open drainage system of the simplest type, dug in the ground to collect and drain water that accumulates as a result of precipitation. a large number precipitation.
Where are drainage ditches predominantly used?
The drainage ditch, as a rule, finds its application in not too large private areas. This is due to the low degree of automation of work on its arrangement. Therefore, on an industrial scale, drainage ditches are little used. This also happens for the reasons of the above disadvantages - the need for frequent repairs, a short service life, etc. It must also be borne in mind that, according to current regulations, it is impossible to equip drainage ditches and lead them to:
- water bodies where fish and other living organisms live;
- unfortified or eroded ravines and pits;
- rivers with flowing water;
- reservoirs that have beaches for recreation;
- as well as to natural lowlands where the area is prone to waterlogging.
Important! The arrangement of drainage ditches is prohibited in those places where the level of groundwater flow is at a depth of less than two meters. This is due to the fact that otherwise dirty waste water can penetrate into the aquifer. If groundwater is expected to occur on the site, then the drainage channels are equipped with closed trays.
The lack of drainage systems is erosion and collapse of the walls. Paving a ditch with natural stone is a way to strengthen the slopes of a drainage ditch, as well as to give it an aesthetic appearance.
What are the technical requirements for drainage ditches
In order to ensure the greatest efficiency of work, certain standards must be observed. First of all, you need to take care of ensuring the desired degree of slope of the ditch. If she breaks out on a small private territory, then we can proceed from the principle: 2 cm change in height for each meter of the length of the ditch. In the case of arranging drainage along roads and industrial facilities, the optimal angle of inclination is 3-5 degrees.
The greatest efficiency of the drainage ditch is provided by the organization of the necessary degree of its slope.
If, for some reason, it is impossible to provide the desired degree of slope, then it is necessary to organize special fast currents and so-called water wells along the water path. The minimum flow rate should be 0.3 meters per second. In this case, the ditch can effectively cope in most cases even with relatively intense water flows. As for the dimensions of the ditch itself, they are as follows:
- width - about 50 cm;
- depth - not less than 70 cm;
- slopes on the sides should be at an angle of 30 degrees.
What are the ways to strengthen the drainage ditch
As already mentioned, one of the significant drawbacks that a drainage ditch has is that its walls and embankment are subject to natural destruction - shedding and erosion. However, everyone is able to reduce the effect of this negative factor. And for this it is necessary to take measures to strengthen both the ditch itself and its slopes.
Firstly, even at the construction stage, it is necessary to ensure the presence of a special drainage sand and gravel layer along the edges of the ditch. A pillow 8 to 10 centimeters thick will suffice. After completion of the work, it is possible to plant the edges of the ditch with ornamental or wild shrubs and trees. On the one hand, their root system will strengthen the walls of the ditch, and on the other hand, it will give it a more aesthetically attractive appearance.
Often to strengthen the ditch and also to improve it appearance applied natural stone. With a skillful layout, he can transform beyond recognition such a seemingly unprepossessing structure as a drainage ditch.
A geogrid is a honeycomb structure made of polyethylene tapes, it is used to reinforce loose and inhomogeneous soils, to strengthen slopes and slopes.
It is also recommended to use a geogrid. With the help of special crutches, it is attached to the bottom and to the walls of the ditch. The same material as geotextiles is recommended to be laid on the silty soil of the main platform of the canvas. The minimum thickness of the embankment on geotextiles should be at least 30 centimeters. Geotextiles can also be used to strengthen both the walls of the ditch and its bottom. The so-called sodding is also used for this. The turf is cut with a thickness of 6 to 10 cm and laid out along the embankment. Its fastening can be carried out with wooden knitting needles. Finally, you can simply show a certain imagination and use all kinds of improvised means to strengthen the ditch.
How to equip a drainage ditch on your own
As a rule, owners of small plots prefer to manage with the arrangement of drainage ditches on their own. And for the ditch to act with maximum efficiency, first you need to mark the site, given the natural slope of the terrain. You can even pre-plan on paper. In order to understand from which particular places you need to divert water in the first place, you can simply wait for the first downpour and see where exactly the water has accumulated the most.
Most good option- if the site itself is a sloping terrain. In this case, it will be enough just to dig a ditch U-shaped or L-shaped. It also finds distribution and the location of the ditch "herringbone", all the "branches" of which enter the sections of the territory and then merge together - into the "trunk". Taking into account the above parameters of the slope and the dimensions of the channel, a trench is dug, then the ditch is strengthened by one of the above methods.
With the help of drainage ditches, damp areas are drained to prepare sites intended for the construction of buildings and structures.
What the experts say
The construction of drainage ditches on the site is a necessity. If the owner took care of their arrangement in time, he can protect himself from many problems at once. And the drainage ditch is exactly what the work on the improvement of any territory should be carried out from.
When drawing up the scheme, it is necessary to take into account the presence of obstacles and obstacles on the way. If shrubs are found, they must be torn down and replanted to avoid flooding the root system. However, it is best, of course, to build a plan in such a way as to avoid any obstacles whatsoever.
Alexander.
