How to fix the formwork under the foundation. Installation of formwork for strip foundations. Video

Formwork serves as a form for pouring concrete when creating monolithic structures. The main document that should be followed during installation, transportation, storage, acceptance and testing of formwork elements is GOST R 52085-2003. The main definitions are given in GOST R 52086-2003. Before making formwork for the foundation, you need to familiarize yourself with these standards.

According to paragraph 4 of GOST R 52085-2003, there are many types of formwork, which are distinguished depending on the design, materials, turnover and the possibility of using different temperature outside air and the nature of the action on concrete. When building a foundation in accordance with GOST R 52086-2003, the following types are used for the foundation, depending on the turnover (the possibility of reuse):

inventory, this includes removable formwork, which can be disassembled after the structure has hardened and reused;
single use, in this group there are non-removable forms, which, after gaining strength by the foundation, are not dismantled, but remain, performing a heat-insulating, waterproofing or decorative function, or removable, which after one application are unsuitable for further use.

Formwork can be made from various materials:

metal;
tree;
plastic;
expanded polystyrenes;
foam concrete.

The first material is used for the manufacture of removable molds, and the second for non-removable ones. In addition to products from the above materials, combined types are used.

wooden formwork

The manufacture of wooden formwork does not require serious preparation. Another advantage of the method is the availability of raw materials for the manufacture of molds. To do the job correctly, you need to know the basic installation schemes. Conventionally, all schemes can be divided into two groups:

using the walls of the strip foundation trench as a form for concreting;
installation of shields - vertical walls of the form on spacers.

The first option is used for solid soils. In this case, the walls of the trench for pouring are dug up vertically. The second method is used if the soil creates the possibility of collapse of the walls of the trench. In this case, the soil is developed to a width 2 times greater than the width of the tape, and the walls are dug out at an angle. This is done for site safety reasons.

As a material for the manufacture of shields, you can use:

wooden boards;
moisture resistant plywood;

Important! For formwork made of fiberboard and chipboard, reinforcement with a frame made of timber or boards is required.

The main requirements for the form for pouring are as follows:

tightness;
strength;
rigidity;
the minimum width of the boards for the manufacture of shields is 15 cm;
the optimal thickness of the boards to ensure strength is 40 mm;
coniferous boards are best suited for manufacturing;
the maximum size of the gaps between the boards is 2 mm;
the maximum deviation in the location of the boards is 2 mm per meter of length for a plywood deck and 3 mm for a plank deck.

1 - sand cushion, 2 - waterproofing, 3 - shields from boards, 4 - retaining stakes, 5 - concrete pouring level, 6 - top ties, 7 - string (cord), 8 - spacers.

A small-panel removable form from boards and preparation for pouring the foundation when using the walls of the trench as a form consists of the following elements:

sand cushion at the bottom of the trench 20-30 cm thick;
footing;
waterproofing (you can use a thick plastic film);
a deck made of boards (plywood), which is brought out from the ground 5-7 cm above the design mark of the top of the foundation pour;
stakes that are driven into the ground at a distance of 100-120 cm from the walls of the trench in increments of no more than 100 cm and hold the shields in the design position;
wooden lintels along the upper edge of the shields, fastening them together, are installed in increments of 50-100 cm;
edge strings of the cast-off, which allow you to control the fill level concrete mix in the form;
braces fastening the deck shields and stakes driven into the ground between themselves and ensure the stability of the shape.

After excavating the soil, sand of medium or coarse fraction is poured to the bottom of the trench and rammed. To properly make the formwork, you first need to install the shields on the edge of the trench, drive stakes into the ground and fasten the deck with them using braces. Next, the reinforcing cage is laid, vertical jumpers are installed along the upper edge of the deck, a waterproofing film is fixed, the edges of which must be bent along the upper edge of the deck and fixed with a construction stapler.

1 - sand cushion, 2 - waterproofing, 3 - deck of boards or plywood, 4 - retaining stakes, 5 - concrete pouring level, 6 - top ties, 7 - string (cord), 8 - spacers, 9 - nails, self-tapping screws, 10 - plastic dish-shaped dowel, 11 - self-tapping screw, 12 - insulation (extruded polystyrene foam).

The elements that were present in the previous type are also suitable for this formwork manufacturing method, you will additionally need:

nails 20 cm long for attaching insulation to the ground;
facade dowels, which will ensure reliable fastening of thermal insulation with concrete;
self-tapping screws that attach the upper cuts of the insulation to the lintels along the top of the deck;
insulation boards.

Advice! As thermal insulation, it is correct to use a material that is resistant to decay, damage by microorganisms, mechanical stress and moisture. From all the variety thermal insulation materials in the construction market, only one meets all these requirements at the same time - extruded polystyrene foam (EPS).

Work begins with excerpts of the trench and laying a sand cushion on its bottom. bulk material compact and proceed to the assembly of formwork panels. The work is carried out in the same way as in the previous case, with the difference that before laying the reinforcement cage, it is necessary to fix the insulation. Before installing polystyrene foam, dowels (plastic with a wide head) must be inserted into the plates, which, with their tip, should be turned inside the trench. After pouring, they will enter the concrete and securely fasten the insulation and the foundation together. Penoplex is attached to the walls of the trench on nails or self-tapping screws. In conclusion, the upper jumpers and insulation are fixed to them with self-tapping screws. To simplify the process of dismantling the formwork, these self-tapping screws should be easily removed.

This way of creating a form can be called combined. Removable formwork made of wood and non-removable polystyrene formwork are used here at the same time. The option is best suited for those who need insulation to prevent frost heaving.

Formwork for sloped trenches

1 - sand cushion, 2 - rebar anchor, 3 - bottom struts, 4 - nut with washer, 5 - stud, 7 - string (cord), 8 - top ties, 9 - deck of plywood or boards, 10 - reinforcing ribs from boards. 11 - upper struts, 12 - retaining stakes.

Before starting work, a trench is dug twice as wide as the foundation in the upper part. The slope of the walls must comply with the safety requirements for the type of soil at the construction site. The formwork elements are as follows:

sand preparation;
concrete pad to strengthen and level the base;
spacers at the bottom of the trench;
threaded plates or bars for installing the tube under the stud;
pin for screeding formwork panels in the lower and upper parts between themselves, installed in a plastic tube;
strings for filling control;
jumpers along the edge of the shields with a step of 50-100 mm;
plywood sheets or boards;
frame for attaching formwork panels;
braces fastening stakes and shields to each other, holding the latter in a vertical position;
stakes driven into the ground at a distance of 1 m from the slope of the trench to fix the formwork.

Fixed formwork

Now, to reduce costs, the use of non-removable polystyrene foam formwork has become popular. This option will allow you to simultaneously insulate the foundation and fill it. The form is ready blocks, which already have transverse jumpers and reinforcement for fastening the shields to each other. To ensure ease of connection of the elements to each other, grooves are provided, thanks to which the formwork is assembled as a constructor. Products can be made of foam and extruded polystyrene foam. It is better to choose the second option. It is more expensive, but more resistant to moisture and stress. One of the most common technologies using this form was Plastbau-3.

The following can be cited as more durable materials for creating a fixed structure:

wood concrete (wood concrete panels and blocks);
foam concrete.

These materials cannot boast the same thermal insulation characteristics, like expanded polystyrene, but have greater strength and reduce the consumption of concrete.

IN general case The choice of formwork type depends on:

type of foundation (shallow, buried) and climatic region;
soil characteristics at the construction site;
available materials.

An important stage in the construction of the foundation is the formwork. Formwork is a form into which concrete is poured, it is installed immediately after the preparation of the site and the trench for the foundation. The article will tell you how to make the formwork for the foundation.

Formwork can be removable and fixed. Fixed formwork is performed when no material is required to be removed from the foundation surface. An example is fiberglass or polystyrene board shields, often used for - they also serve as insulation.

In private construction, a strip foundation is usually used; for its construction, removable formwork is used from ready-made metal shields, plywood or boards. The requirements for it are very high:

The formwork must be strong enough to withstand the pressure of the concrete on the walls;
Formwork dimensions must be strictly observed;
It should not have cracks through which the solution can flow;
The fastening of the elements is carried out in such a way that the formwork can be dismantled with a frozen foundation.

Purchased metal shields have high strength and smooth surface, they are easily fastened with a bolted connection and quickly removed from the finished foundation, leaving a smooth and even surface. However, they have one drawback - the price. For developers building dozens of houses per season, the cost of purchasing shields is justified, but when building a foundation with your own hands, it is more expedient to assemble a plank or plywood formwork.

Plank formwork device

Do-it-yourself formwork made of boards or plywood is a shield on a frame made of bars, which are fastened together into a single structure. Shields are strengthened with ties, slopes and clamps. The shields are installed in the prepared trench so that all the fasteners are on the outside, and on the inside a smooth and maximally flat surface of the required shape is obtained.

Suitable for collapsible formwork edged board, you can second-class, or birch plywood. The thickness of the material is from 10 mm. The frame of the shields is assembled from a bar 40x60 mm. Cuts, clamps and ties can be made from any materials at hand, usually the remains of boards or a bar are used for this purpose. The main thing is to ensure sufficient strength and high-quality fix them.

The inner surface of the raw board formwork will not be smooth enough, but if you are planning to insulate the foundation or its exterior finish, this circumstance will rather benefit - the plaster mortar and glue lie much better on a slightly rough surface.

Technology for making formwork from boards or plywood

Prepare material for shields. The bars are cut into equal segments, half a meter longer than the height of the foundation. One side of the bars is sharpened - with their help, the shields are driven into the ground. Boards or plywood are also cut to the size of the shields. The boards are carefully adjusted so as not to leave gaps. The thickness of the material is chosen depending on the size of the foundation and, accordingly, the thickness of the concrete, which will put pressure on the formwork. In most cases, boards with a thickness of 24-36 mm are sufficient.
Spread the bars on a flat surface at a distance of one meter, align them along the upper edge, put boards or plywood on top and fix them with nails or self-tapping screws. The head of the fasteners must be located precisely with inside shield, otherwise the protruding tip of a nail or self-tapping screw will seriously complicate the removal of the formwork.
When making a foundation with an expansion in the lower part, the shields abut against support board, while there is no need to stick them into the ground, and the bar is cut to the width of the shield.
Mark the site by pulling a nylon twine between the bars driven into the ground. Digging a trench according to the marking required depth, carry out sand and gravel bedding.
Install the support board if necessary, and after it - the shields, fixing them to the board or driving the pointed part into the ground. At the same time, a plumb line and a level are used, achieving the most even position of the shields.
Between themselves, the shields are fastened with the help of sections of the board, nailing them from the outside to the bars of the shields. The sides of the formwork are fastened with clamps - U-shaped structures made of bar or boards that do not allow the sides of the formwork to diverge when concrete is poured. The corners are additionally fastened with boards, fixing them to self-tapping screws.
If the shields are not stable enough, they are also fixed with spacers from the bar segments from the inside and the slopes from the outside. The slopes are a bar cut at an angle of 45 degrees and set at a distance between the soil and the shield.
The bottom and walls of the formwork from the boards are lined with dense plastic wrap to avoid seepage of mortar and premature evaporation of cement laitance.
Installed from a bar and. The surface is leveled, covered with a film and kept until the concrete sets.
Formwork can be removed when a small gap appears between the boards and the concrete foundation. When removing the shields, it is necessary to tap them lightly from the outside. rubber mallet, this will allow you to remove the formwork with the least effort. First, screeds, mowings, clamps are removed. After that, the shields are removed one by one.
If a film was used, it can not be removed from the surface of the foundation until it is completely dry - this will prevent premature drying of the top layer and allow the concrete to gain maximum strength.

Formwork boards made of plywood and planks can be reused many times, and to facilitate their removal, it is better to line the formwork with foil each time. The formwork can also be combined - this type of formwork is often used in loose soils when making or buried foundations. In this case, the underground part is made of non-removable asbestos-cement pipes or polystyrene sheets, and the above-ground part is removable, made of boards or plywood.

Video - how to make a formwork for the foundation

The most important part of any structure is the foundation. occurs only after the arrangement of the formwork. Such a design is mounted in case of compliance with all norms and rules. Before the beginning construction works study the types of formwork and read the instructions for their installation.

Types, device, materials, requirements

For beginners in construction, the question arises: "What is the formwork for the foundation"? Is it metal or wooden structure, which helps to give the desired parameters (shape, position, structure) to concrete or primer solutions. It consists of forming elements, fasteners and supporting materials.

There are two main types of formwork: removable, which must be removed after the poured mixture hardens, and fixed, which remains part of the structure. According to the structure, frame, beam and tunnel systems are distinguished.

Before installing the formwork, it is worth checking it for compliance with the requirements:

the dimensions of the structure must be strictly calculated;
it is obligatory to check for the presence of cracks and cracks in order to avoid the solution getting into them;
the formwork must be resistant and strong in order to withstand concrete of any weight;
important right choice fasteners, they will help to carry out easy installation and dismantling.

Used for foundation formwork various materials, the most popular of which is wood. The main requirement is that any material must create a flat surface.

Removable formwork

Removable formwork allows it to be used on walls, ceilings, for casting columns or reinforced concrete elements. Specialists identify modular, inventory metal structures that have a high accuracy of element compatibility, reliability and a large number of application cycles. Used in monolithic construction.

From the boards

This option is the most common. To equip the formwork, either sheet plywood is used. The main advantages of this material are low price, ease of use. A negative factor is the need to use additional tools that help strengthen the structure. For beginners in construction, it is best to use do-it-yourself formwork from boards to avoid further problems with pouring the foundation.

Formwork from boards

From plywood, chipboard, OSB

Formwork made of such materials is suitable only for small buildings. Its main advantage is low cost, the disadvantages are the difficulty in application, the danger of leakage of the solution, the use of additional supports and low bearing capacity.

Fixed formwork

The main characteristic of fixed formwork is that after the concrete has hardened, it remains in the foundation forever. This design is assembled from improvised materials, from fiberboard and DSP, installation is much faster and more economical. If it is necessary to increase the strength of the base, materials such as metal hollow pipes are used for formwork.

metal

The most expensive formwork material. Steel sheets with a thickness of 2 mm are used. This type of formwork is suitable for the equipment of tape and monolithic foundations. The reinforcement is nailed to the sheets, and the sheets themselves are bent under the shape of the concrete base. The main disadvantage of this material is its high cost.

Styrofoam

is a quality and practical choice. It is easy to install, takes any shape. But the material also has a number of disadvantages - a rather high price and difficulties in selecting elements.

Fixed formwork made of expanded polystyrene

From reinforced concrete blocks

Expensive type of formwork - use concrete slabs. By increasing the thickness of the formwork, it is possible to reduce the amount of concrete base required, which will help save construction costs without compromising the quality of the building. But at the same time, due to the large weight, you will need to install additional props, which will also require certain funds.

How to make formwork with your own hands?

How to make a formwork for the foundation with your own hands? There are several ways to mount the structure.

First way

Do-it-yourself fixed formwork for the foundation is installed according to the following instructions:

dig a trench according to the size of the future foundation, according to the drafted project;
between the formwork and the ground there should be a gap of 2 centimeters for ease of installation;
after the wedging, the gap is covered with earth;
fill the bottom layer of the pit with sand and gravel, tamping each layer;
install on embankment reinforcing mesh to increase strength;
choose the fastening methods yourself, paying attention to the features of the selected material;
pour concrete and let it harden for about 28 days, then continue building.

Do-it-yourself formwork for the foundation

Second way

Installation of removable formwork is carried out in similar steps:

we mount the fixed structure to the corner of the foundation;
we drown with shields;
pour concrete mortar into the reinforced formwork;
awaiting approval;
we unwind the structure;
move and fix it in another place.

Stops (struts) and braces

In order to avoid the destruction of the formwork under the weight of the base, it should be carefully fixed with braces from the outside. They should stand at a distance of no more than one meter from each other. On both sides, they put stops in the corners where there is the greatest load. If the height of the shield is more than 2 meters, then it is worth building two levels of struts. Stabilization of the distance between two shields is carried out using 10 mm studs, nuts or metal spacers. Hairpins 10-15 centimeters long. The assembly of the structure is carried out in the following sequence:

holes are made on the shields;
a pipe segment is mounted between them;

Struts on the formwork for the foundation

a hairpin is carried out;
metal plates are being installed;
nuts are tightened.

During the removal of the formwork, the nuts are unscrewed and the studs are removed, then the shields are removed.

Do-it-yourself polystyrene foundation assembly

Polystyrene formwork avoids dampness and insulates the structure. First, check the surface of the foundation, and level it if necessary. We carry out the markup, highlight the corners and other important elements. Connect blocks along the perimeter of the building, especially in the corners. Check all markings and installation with a level. Next, the stage of installing reinforcement and pouring concrete is suitable.

How to spend less?

When installing formwork, it’s really good to save money. One way is to fill the formwork for several days, this is especially true with a large foundation depth. This will not harm the strength of the fill in any way. You can split concrete horizontally and vertically.

This process is important to plan according to the plan. If the depth of the foundation is 1.5 meters, it is enough to divide the pour into three stages of 50 cm each. Follow these instructions:

knit reinforcement for the entire volume of formwork;
pour concrete in height;

Filling the foundation in layers

remove after 7 hours upper layer cement laitance on the surface. It should be removed, as this layer becomes very brittle when it hardens. After removal, the surface will become rough, which will increase adhesion with the next layer;
after three days, lift the structure and set it to a higher level. Leave tubes in concrete;
refill the exposed formwork.

vertical division

Splitting the plan vertically is another way to fill. Joints must be placed at a certain distance when dividing the foundation into several parts. It is worth doing a few things:

Make formwork in those parts of the building where the part to be installed ends.
Knit a reinforcing cage.
Reinforcement bars should go beyond the limits by 50 diameters.
Fill the area with concrete.
After 7 hours, peel off the top layer vertically.
Apply another layer.

On our site you will find many useful materials:

? It should be borne in mind that the waterproofing of cellars is an important element in the arrangement of buried rooms. the main task- prevent water from entering the basement and ensure its dryness. Carefully examine the depth of the water and select the appropriate insulating material. The right approach to business will help to avoid problems with the storage of products.

Before you make a screed with expanded clay, study all the subtleties of the expanded clay material itself and the technology for making such a screed. It is advisable to heed the advice of professionals and pour a concrete layer 3 cm thick. Then the floor will not crack and eliminate all irregularities.
How ? This is a very time-consuming process, which depends on many factors: what type of house (wooden or stone), what kind of soil, etc. Thanks to correct selection tools and materials, you will be able to provide yourself with a reliable foundation for your home.
To answer the question is it possible, compare all the pros and cons. Do not forget to take into account the properties of aerated concrete blocks: it is economical and fast, but staying in the bath will be uncomfortable due to non-breathing walls.
Do-it-yourself plays an important role in the durability of any building, the main goal of which is to create a stable and even platform for the foundation and ensure less settlement. WITH correct styling Pillow design will last hundreds of years.
– fashion trend and an indicator of the quality of the practicality of the work, their speed. The main thing is to develop the right project before starting such events and be sure to take into account the analysis of the soil on the site.
The question is often asked: "What?" There is a wide variety of materials and technologies used, but be sure to remember that exterior finish should conduct steam well. Then the moisture from the house will be removed naturally.

Results

Formwork installation is a process that requires special care, because further construction, strength and reliability of the foundation depend on it. If you follow the advice described in the material, then the foundation laid will serve you for decades.

Content:

The manufacture of most types of foundations involves the use of special panel and board structures, made in the form of a fence for pouring concrete mix and bearing the common name "formwork".

For self-arrangement such structures do not require special professional skills, so that anyone, if necessary, can make them with their own hands.

All that is needed for this is the right approach to the task, as well as a responsible attitude to its implementation. In this article we will analyze the question: "How to make a formwork for the foundation with your own hands."

Formwork types

There are several types of formwork that can be made without outside help, that is, with your own hands. In accordance with the material used for their manufacture and the type of construction, they are all divided into the following classes:

panel boards (metal or wood);
prefabricated, recruited from individual wooden blanks;
fixed (foam or concrete);
from auxiliary materials (non-standard fences).

Each of these varieties differs from the others, both in its advantages and disadvantages. However, with any choice, it is important to take into account possible loads on the walls of the structure and strictly follow the recommendations for its arrangement. Consider the most common types of these auxiliary structures in more detail.

metal

One of the most versatile and widely used structures is metal formwork, with general view which you can see in the photo.

For its manufacture, special shields are used from metal sheets with a thickness of about 2 millimeters.

A similar design, as a rule, is used when pouring tape and monolithic bases.

The advantage of this type of fencing is that in this case, reinforcement reinforcing the foundation can be welded directly to metal shields, which increases the rigidity of the entire structure as a whole. In addition, they are quite easy to install due to the fact that metal sheets easy to bend and allow you to get the configuration you need.

To what has already been said, it should be added that, subject to a well-conducted calculation, the assembly of such a design is quite simple and can be done by hand. The only drawback of metal fences for pouring concrete is their relatively high cost.

Wooden prefabricated shields (ready-made and self-made)

Fences of this type are represented by typical panel modules, specially produced by construction companies for the purpose of arranging formwork fences.

They are made of selected thick planed boards, securely fastened with reinforcing elements (crossbars), providing the necessary rigidity of the structure. Like metal shields, such ready-made modules are quite simply mounted, which makes them easy to assemble with your own hands.

The problematic point of such fences is the need for additional reinforcement of their design in areas that are considered the weakest.

All about ready wooden shields mainly applies to structures independently recruited from thick plywood. They differ only in that the structures assembled from them are less stable and require especially careful unfastening, which is realized through the use of a whole system of spacers and ties.

Fixed and non-standard formwork

For the manufacture of non-removable enclosing structures, standard Construction Materials such as concrete or foam.

Before arranging them with your own hands, you should familiarize yourself with the following features of these structures:

Foam fences are made from special blocks, which are distinguished by high rates of rigidity and provide the required reliability. Thanks to its lightness and wide choice configurations of prefabricated elements, their installation is quite simple and can also be done by hand.
Another option for the manufacture of non-removable structures is the use of special reinforced concrete slabs mounted around the perimeter of the future base. The condition for the reliability of such a fence is the correct approach to the choice of a set of blocks, as well as their careful unfastening.
Due to the heavy weight individual elements block structures, their installation by one's own hands is associated with certain difficulties that can be overcome by involving special mechanisms. In the manufacture of fairly simple (lightweight) foundations, it is allowed to use pouring fences from materials such as slabs, plywood sheets, and even slate.

A significant disadvantage of such enclosing structures is the difficulty of their reliable fixation, as well as low bearing capacity.

Calculation and preparation for installation

The calculation of the need for materials for formwork used in pouring concrete is almost the same for all previously considered varieties. In our article, as an example, we will get acquainted with the calculation of a variant of a prefabricated wooden structure.

Before the purchase consumable(boards or sheets of thick plywood) it is necessary to measure the length of the perimeter of the future foundation base along its outer and inner edges.

The need for plywood is calculated based on the sum of the readings taken, correlated with the size of one sheet (provided that its height is sufficient to close the future foundation to its entire depth).

The calculation of the need for boards as a whole is carried out in a similar way, however, the number of blanks in one shield knocked together from them is taken into account. To do this, the depth of the foundation should be divided by the width of one workpiece, after which the results obtained are simply multiplied.

Important! These calculations must also include the cost of purchasing blanks necessary for the manufacture of spacers and ties, as well as other auxiliary materials used in the assembly of such structures with their own hands.

In addition to acquiring the required amount of consumables, the following preparatory operations are carried out before the installation of the building envelope:

First of all, the site for the future foundation is thoroughly cleaned of debris and vegetation that interferes with the work.
After cleaning the pouring area from debris and turf, its marking is done using pegs and twine.
Then, according to the markup, a pit is pulled out, the depth and width of which are calculated, adjusted for the placement of the formwork.
At the end earthworks it will be possible to proceed directly to the installation of the enclosing structure.

Video: installation of reusable formwork

Formwork assembly procedure

After completing the preparatory measures and selecting the components from which the formwork is supposed to be made, it will be possible to proceed with its installation, the procedure for which we will consider using the example of a panel structure.

On initial stage works from well-planed boards, shields are knocked down, the dimensions of which must correspond to the dimensions and configuration of the foundation. The number of panel blanks is determined based on the length of the perimeter from its inner and outer sides.

After that, along the base of the screed, as well as along internal surfaces shields, waterproofing is laid, on top of which the reinforcement frame is mounted.

Upon completion of the installation of the reinforcing cage, it will be possible to proceed to pouring the concrete mixture.
Shields for pouring a columnar foundation are assembled in a similar way, with the only difference being that instead of a screed, supports for pillars are made.

In exactly the same way it is done fixed formwork made of foam or special concrete blocks. In the latter case Special attention is given to the correct placement and unfastening of the blocks among themselves.

Structural disassembly

After pouring the foundation of any type, it is important to correctly determine the time of removal of the elements of the building envelope from it. At the same time, there is an opinion that its dismantling can be started immediately after the “grasping” of the foundation, i.e. from the moment when it will withstand the weight of a person.

This approach is not entirely correct, since in some cases, early disassembly of the structure is fraught with the destruction of the poured concrete. In any case, the decision to remove the formwork fence does not need to be rushed and it is best to take a pause sufficient for the final “setting” of the concrete solution.

Most often, the time of concrete preparation is influenced by weather factors such as temperature and humidity.

Some experts advise leaving the foundation in the formwork frame for the whole winter and only with the onset of spring begin to dismantle it. When disassembling the structure, you should start from the corners or from the protruding contour elements, which are removed with the utmost care.

At the end of the dismantling, one more exposure is made, which is necessary for the final “setting” of the foundation, after which it will be possible to proceed to the construction of walls.

The advantages of non-separable type structures include the fact that when they are used, there is no need for all the procedures described in this section. After the "seizure" of the concrete, the remaining material forms one monolithic whole with it.

Video: Dismantling wooden formwork

Formwork often becomes a key part of the foundation and it is worth thinking about its construction even before the foundation of the structure is erected. Some believe that it is difficult to make formwork for the foundation and it is imperative to contact specialists.

In fact, the installation process is quite simple, but has its own characteristics. If you do not take into account the nuances in the process of work, then you can make a lot of mistakes. It is best to read the formwork installation instructions before starting work. There are quite a few of them, and they will significantly reduce the time to work.

Due to the fact that the strip foundation has a number of features and differs from the classic options, the formwork for it will also not be easy. In this situation, it is necessary to stock up on boards with a thickness of at least 50 mm. At the same time, you must understand that the height of the entire structure can be 2 meters or more.

At the same time, at the beginning of the installation, it is always the guide boards that are taken. In fact, it is they who will become the frame for the formwork and help you start this work correctly. By the way, if you decide to build a formwork more than 2 meters high, then instead of ordinary boards it is better to take shield materials. Take the highest quality and if you want the formwork to stand as long as possible, then the width of the shield should be equal to the height.

Photo illustration: how to make formwork for a strip foundation

Every builder knows that there should be no gaps in the formwork. Nevertheless, such unpleasant errors regularly occur during the construction of formwork. That is why they should be sealed in advance. For this, ordinary tow is used, and if we are talking about really large gaps, then it is better to take masking slats and put them on top.

Various problems may arise during the construction process and often they are associated with the wrong choice of formwork type. Most people choose the rental option, but if your area has very cold winters, then this is not the best option. good decision. Also, before starting construction, he will pay attention to the foundation, the choice of materials for the formwork will depend on it. And do not forget that it is necessary to remove it on time, because the strength of the structure directly depends on this.

Video instruction on how to make formwork for a strip foundation

How to make a round formwork for the foundation

Round variant formwork in Lately became very popular even despite some difficulties in the process of its construction.

If you decide to take on this business yourself, then you should immediately mark a place with special pegs. Then boards will be laid close to the stakes and the sides of the structure will be fastened with ordinary nails. If the height is quite large, then you will have to do more and installation work at the highest point.

Sheathing boards are used to strengthen the structure. This is true in situations where the round formwork is poured from above with concrete. In principle, you can do without it, in this situation it all depends on you. Installation takes an average of 2-3 days. During this time, it is quite possible to even make a plank floor and close up all the seams that spoil the appearance.

We make a removable formwork for the foundation

Do classic version formwork is quite simple, you just have to make a little effort and be patient.

Initially, guide boards are taken and stakes are driven into the ground. Next, we work with the foundation, it is necessary to place shields on one side. They must be placed vertically and made with braces, which will help to achieve increased reliability. It is very important to observe the dimensions of the foundation, because then the shields will be placed on the other side of it.

The final stage of installation will be the fastening of the shields with the help of special clamps. The interval between fasteners should be strictly 0.5-1 meter. Only in this way, during the process of pouring concrete, the formwork will not open and retain its strength. Outside, you can also install pegs or some kind of spacers for additional fastening. At the end, you will get a removable formwork.

How to make formwork from boards

At the moment, wood is most often chosen for the construction of formwork. High-quality boards are not able to replace any other materials. Above, we have already described how to make wooden formwork and the key aspects of working with boards.

Now it is worth noting why it is worth taking just such a natural material:

But against the background of rather high-profile pluses, there are minor minuses:

It is difficult to make round formwork from wood;
If you pour a lot of mortar inside the structure, you will have to think about props;
In the process of leveling the structure, you may encounter the problem that the board is nailed incorrectly and this flaw is very difficult to fix.

In principle, one could also say that wooden formwork will cost you more than any other, but the cost of the material is fully justified. This is exactly the case when it is better to overpay in advance so as not to run into problems in the future.

Video: do-it-yourself wooden formwork

How to make a formwork for the foundation of the bath

The procedure is similar to the installation of formwork under the foundation. Nevertheless, it should be borne in mind that you will have to work with a bathhouse and there are some peculiarities here.

At the beginning, stakes are driven in outside the structure. It must be remembered that this is done strictly vertically and best of all along the cords. Your task is to maintain maximum accuracy, otherwise you will have to redo absolutely everything. In situations where builders are inattentive to this task, the originally planned size of the structure often changes. That is why be precise from the very beginning.

Formwork for the foundation of the bath: the beginning of work

Once the stakes are in the ground, you can attach planks to them. You should start from top to bottom. Installing at the top of the board is fairly easy and shouldn't be too much of a problem. When it comes to the lower ones, which are located at the very foundation, you will have to take a mount and press the boards tightly against each other.

If all the boards are securely installed, then you can already do whatever you want with them. Often at this stage, the boards are trimmed to achieve aesthetic appeal.

In the final, you will need to think about the strength of the entire structure. First, special supports are placed under each stake, then under top slats. It must be understood that the next step will be pouring concrete and everything possible must be done so that the structure simply does not fall apart. Nevertheless, the upper strips should be fastened as carefully as possible.

Video: Homemade formwork for the foundation of the bath

Next, you will have to install a reinforcing frame that will affect them. During the pouring of the concrete itself, inspect the places of contact between the pillow and the boards. There may be small gaps between the ground and the structure. You need to get rid of them and suitable option soil will be used. Fill in the gaps and do your best to ensure that there are no gaps at all. On this, the construction of the formwork for the bath can be considered complete.

Formwork for the foundation of the bath - the result

The device and technology for the manufacture of formwork for a columnar foundation

Such formwork is usually made of boards, so in the beginning you need to take them. You can install in any place you need.

The design will be a rectangle with a fixed internal dimension and height, which you can choose yourself. Fastening the boards can be easily done using ordinary self-tapping screws. You need to drive them directly into the end of the board. As soon as this stage will be completed, it will not be superfluous to check the vertical and horizontal design.

Next, a columnar support is made, where each column is lined up with cords that you will have to pull in advance. Now you can dig a hole and install the finished rectangle in it. Outwardly, it is very reminiscent of a box, which is why most builders call it that. When the structure is in the place you need, you will have to lightly cover the outside with soil. In fact, this procedure is identical to that described for the construction of a strip foundation. The installation technology of both formwork options is almost identical.

As soon as the installation is completed, you can remove all cast-offs. Now you will only need them to control the zero level in the bath. In principle, 1-2 cast-offs will be enough to solve this problem. As you can see, there is nothing complicated in building formwork different kind no, so you can try it even at home!