Have you ever paid attention to urban greenery? All of them do not look very aesthetically pleasing: all kinds of bugs are frolicking on the trunks, the branches and foliage look unhealthy. It's all about improper care and failure to perform such an important procedure as tree treatment in autumn. Why this event is being held, as well as what means to use, we will discuss in this article.
Autumn work
- Extermination of insect pests;
- Fight against pathogenic microorganisms;
- Defense against winter pests (hares, mice) and protection from frost.
These problems are solved using several procedures:
- spraying;
- whitewash;
- installation of protective equipment.
Treatment of trees and shrubs in autumn for disease prevention- spraying plants with fungicides. 
If this activity is not carried out, microorganisms (pathogens) can spread throughout all plantings. Warm, humid weather allows bacteria to multiply quickly. If you do not spray your garden in time, in the spring it will suffer from various diseases and fungi.
A mandatory procedure in garden care is treating trees against pests. Just at this time, insects are about to go into hibernation. They arrange their winter roost in the bark of plants, on branches, and in tree trunk circles. To destroy most types of insects, it is enough to carry out sanitary pruning and digging tree trunk circles. To destroy insects hiding in the pores of the old bark, the trunks are whitewashed.
Processing tree trunks includes the following procedures:
- cleaning the trunks from old bark using a scraper or a metal brush;
- treatment of injuries (plaster with garden pitch);
- whitewashing with a special whitening compound.
This treatment will destroy the “nests” and burn the eggs and pupae of insects. For effectiveness, insecticides are added to the whitewash composition.
Winter treatment of trees also includes installation of insulation on bollards - This is the weakest point of the plant; if the tree gets frostbite on the trunk, the chances of its survival will be close to zero. To protect the plant, the trunk is wrapped with roofing felt or roofing felt (height - about 1 m); in particularly frosty areas, it is recommended to lay a layer of burlap or straw between the roofing felt and the bark.
Provide safety from rodents very simple:
- place poisonous baits in the garden (will save you from mice);
- wrap the trunk over the “fur coat” with barbed wire (protection from hares).
How to spray plants
On this moment gardening stores sell a wide range of special formulations (often combined fungicides and insecticides) for autumn spraying garden However, we will consider the most popular means.
- It is held until mid-October urea treatment. This excellent remedy to combat fungal diseases, as well as scab and spots. In addition, urea perfectly burns insect eggs and harms pupae. However, using urea at the end of the autumn season (closer to winter) is extremely undesirable, since this composition saturates the plant with nitrogen. Urea is often used as a nitrogen fertilizer. If you spray the garden with it for the winter, vegetative processes are activated in the plants. The garden will not have time to prepare for sleep before the onset of frost and, most likely, will die. Therefore, treating trees with urea in the fall is possible, but only until the end of October. A month before the onset of frost, you should not spray the garden with urea.
- To combat scab, powdery mildew and putrefactive diseases, other fungicides can be used. For example, excellent results are shown treatment with copper sulfate. This product can be used at any time of the year.
- If in copper sulfate add slaked lime in a 1:1 ratio, we get the so-called Bordeaux mixture - an excellent composition for simultaneously combating diseases and insects. Treatment with Bordeaux mixture– the most popular type of spraying today. The product has a soft bluish tint, so if your plants become covered with a film of heavenly color, do not worry. Over time, the color will wash off, but there will be no evil bugs or harmful microorganisms left in the garden. :)
- Sometimes used in areas treatment iron sulfate, This is especially true for apple orchards. This fungicide acts similarly to copper sulfate, but additionally saturates the vegetation with iron. This is an extremely important trace element for the Apple tribe. It takes an active part in many oxidative processes in apple trees, plums, cherries, and peaches.
Additionally, insecticides can be added to copper or iron sulfate. This will provide more effective fight with insects.
After all autumn procedures(pruning, treating trees with fungicides in the fall, whitewashing, installing insulation and protective equipment) do not forget to clean up the planting area. You do not process waste in the form of fallen leaves and cut branches, but insect pests can overwinter in them and pathogens can multiply. Therefore, all garbage must be collected and set on fire. :)
Also, all fruit trees need pour plenty of water and bleach. The thickness of the whitewash should not be more than 2-3 
mm. Whitening is usually done with diluted lime: for young seedlings with delicate bark, a weak solution is prepared; for old trees, the solution should be richer. For example, for young trees take 1 kg of slaked lime per 10 liters of water + 1 kg of clay and 100 grams of copper sulfate (for old trees take 2 kg of lime and a double dose of copper sulfate). If you add another 100 g of cow manure to this whitewash for consistency (you should get the consistency of thick sour cream) and a little finely chopped straw, you will get the so-called clay mash, which is used to cover wounds and cracks on tree trunks. This putty performs protective functions well and does not crack for a long time.
Cracks and wounds on fruit trees can also be cover with garden varnish. You can buy it in the store or prepare it yourself. How to prepare garden varnish: melt 100 g of rosin and 200 g of beeswax separately over low heat, then combine and add 100 g of unsalted fat. After the fat has melted, the mixture must be poured into cold water. That's it, the garden varnish is ready, now you can take it out of the water and roll it into a ball. Before use (for plasticity), it is slightly warmed up. This putty for sealing tree wounds can be stored for a very long time.
Pruning fruit trees In the fall, it is advisable to carry out only in the southern regions, where winters are short and warm. Pruning trees in the northern and middle regions in September-October can lead to freezing of the bark at the cut site, drying out of the wood and, ultimately, to the death of the tree. In these areas, pruning occurs in the spring, usually in mid- to late March.
Like any fruit tree, it is loved by pests and, accordingly, susceptible various diseases. We conclude that to obtain good harvest care required. It must be timely and correct, and more than once a year. Processing is effective late autumn from various and .
Appointment and timing
According to observations over many years experienced gardeners We have compiled a calendar, thanks to which anyone can find out when and what kind of processing needs to be done, because the harvest is at stake.
Most of diseases are revealed during fruiting, when fruits that are not fully ripened begin to rot and crumble. Therefore, autumn processing of an apple orchard carries a preventive task: that is, those that did not die in the fall will be destroyed in the spring.
Important! It is strictly prohibited to treat trees during fruit ripening.
The optimal month is November; treatment in early autumn can lead to yellowing and falling leaves, and even worse, to leaf scorch, which in turn can lead to the death of trees from frost. 
If the treatment is done correctly, the result will be visible next year - the garden will be pleased with abundant fruiting. Spraying is carried out in dry, windless weather. Before starting this procedure, the tree trunk area must be cleared of leaves and debris.
What to process?
Knowing that autumn treatment is a preventative measure to reduce the disease and proliferation of pests on trees in the spring, and also destroys those who hid in the bark to overwinter, the question arises of what can be used to treat Apple orchard in the fall. Let's look at some of the drugs.
inkstone
Spraying with this substance can be carried out after up to 50% of the foliage has fallen from the trees. with a concentration of up to 5% (500 grams per 1 liter). For greater effect, we spray in late autumn on bare wood, keeping the solution concentration to 10% (100 grams per 1 liter).
We treat not only the tree, but also the ground around it, using it for two purposes at once: both, and. This concentration of solution cannot be used on leaves - they will get burned and fall off. ahead of schedule, without completely giving the tree nutrients, and this can negatively affect resistance to cold weather. 
Whitewashing trees with this preparation at all times is not only decorative in nature, but also protects the plant bark from adverse factors:
- protects against burns when there is no foliage to protect from the sun;
- protects against temperature fluctuations and, accordingly, helps against cracking of the bark in winter;
- is a barrier against various pests in winter.
Experienced gardeners recommend whitening trees with lime 3 times a year. White color The whitewash reflects the rays of the sun, and the trunk does not have time to heat up, but this procedure must be performed correctly.
Gardeners recommend whitewashing the entire trunk with lower skeletal branches up to half the length in dry and windless weather so that the lime can adhere and dry on the trunk. 
Important! For better adhesion of the finished solution to the tree trunk, it is necessary to add clay to it, laundry soap, glue.
To perform this process efficiently, it is necessary that:
- the prepared mixture was not very thick, as there would be lumps, and not very liquid, otherwise the solution would drain from the trunk;
- color only white – guarantee of reflection of sunlight;
- To prevent rain from washing away the whitewash, the presence of glue in the solution is mandatory;
- for young trees that must be whitened, the concentration of the mixture should be less than for adults;
- The tree trunk must be cleared of lichens, dead bark must be removed and disinfected with an ash-soap solution.
Garden var
Garden varnish is a well-known remedy that is used to treat large sections from branches and to cover wounds to protect them from pathogenic microbes, fungi and loss of tree sap.
It is one of the safest and effective means garden healing: you can buy a ready-made solution at retail outlets, or you can prepare it yourself. The advantages of this tool are:
- Easy to prepare and apply to the surface.
- It hardens well and does not fall off the treated surface.
- Retains moisture and prevents wounds from drying out.
The following substances are used as the basis for garden varnish:
- Beekeeping products – , .
- Fats that are eaten - various vegetable oils, salo.
- Mixtures used in agricultural technology - from grapevines, .
Did you know? In order to speed up the healing process of wounds, you need to add heteroauxin tablets crushed into powder to the garden varnish when it is ready in the ratio: per kilogram of mixture – one tablet.
Ready-made drugs
In addition to the above substances, they can be protected with special liquids, so anyone can decide how to treat trees in the fall, depending on time and money.
One of the most popular drugs is “Insecticidal drug 30+”. With its help they fight moths,
Due to the fact that bacteria quickly multiply under the bark of untreated trees, the vegetative process slows down. Plants slowly “wake up” after winter. Therefore, treating fruit trees in the fall is very important. To do this, you need to prepare the plants. Processing trees that are older than six years begins with removing old bark and lichen wire brush. This is necessary so that pathogens of various diseases cannot hide. Trees must be treated immediately after removal. The last spraying in the fall occurs when all the foliage has fallen. You can carry out this procedure after the first frost. To begin with, all foliage, fallen branches and weeds are removed. Protection for fruit trees is provided by solutions of copper or iron sulfate, urea, etc. Each drug is aimed at a specific type of threat. Therefore, treatment of fruit trees in the fall cannot consist of spraying with only one product. The drug is selected depending on the desired results. It is recommended to carry out the procedure in question at the end of October.
inkstone
This preparation is intended for spraying and feeding fruit trees - apple trees, cherries. After the procedure, the plants are saturated with iron and beneficial microelements. Treatment of fruit trees in the fall helps improve oxidative processes. The drug fights pests, destroys lichen, scab, moss, black cancer, cytosporosis. Iron plays a big role in the life of fruit trees. Its deficiency reduces the amount of harvest and leads to incomplete fruit development. It is very easy to prepare a solution of iron sulfate. It is necessary to dilute one kilogram of dry powder in a fifteen-liter bucket of water.
Copper sulfate
This product, which contains a fungicide, prevents the appearance of putrefactive diseases, scab, powdery mildew, and spots. It is recommended to spray trees twice - in spring and autumn. Treating fruit trees in the fall with copper sulfate is especially recommended for pears, apples and plums. You can, of course, spray other plants in the garden. For plums, copper sulfate provides a protective reaction against moniliosis, clasterosporosis, coccomycosis, and curl. The product protects pears and apple trees from scab, moniliosis and phyllostictosis. For fruit trees (up to six years old), up to two liters of copper sulfate per seedling is sufficient. Consumption for older plants is up to ten liters. It is recommended to spray fruit trees in the morning or evening. The weather should be calm and the temperature should be from +5 to +30 degrees. It is necessary to protect people and animals from contact with the drug, and also to prevent it from entering water supplies.
Treatment with urea (urea)
Processing devices
Processing fruit trees in the fall is simplified thanks to existing mechanical or manual principle actions. These devices protect the gardener from contact with the preparations and spray them evenly. Regardless of the operating principle, all devices are equipped with a spray pump. Differences between mechanical devices and manual models lies in the ease of their use. And, of course, there is a difference in their cost. Mechanical devices are more convenient, but more expensive. And for spraying trees with hand-held device requires periodic pumping.
Additional processing
Treatment of fruit trees in the fall against pests and diseases should not be limited to spraying with copper, iron sulfate or urea. Plants also need to be watered abundantly and whitened. The layer of lime on the bark should be at least three millimeters.
If there are cracks and wounds on the tree, then you need to add a little cow dung and finely chopped straw to the lime. The resulting solution will protect the plant from cracking.
Another method of protection is garden varnish. You can buy it at the store or prepare it yourself. To do this, you need to take one hundred grams of rosin and two hundred grams of beeswax. You need to melt these substances (each separately), then mix them and add one hundred grams of unsalted fat. Before filling cracks, the varnish must be heated.
Autumn preparation in the southern regions involves pruning trees. In northern cities, this will doom the plant to freeze.
An experienced and enterprising gardener always takes care of his plants so that they bear maximum beneficial fruits. To carry out excellent prevention or eliminate tree diseases, spraying with urea in the autumn is an option.
Urea as a substance and its action
Urea or Carbamide is a concentrated nitrogen fertilizer (46%) in the form of odorless white crystals, which is used both for spraying trees and for watering, fertilizing, and when planting plants, including garden ones. Its active ingredient is nitrogen, which not only promotes the growth and development of plants, but also destroys their pests and prevents fruit rotting.
What are the benefits of treating trees with fertilizer in the fall?
The onset of cold weather high humidity, which accompany late autumn, are an optimal environment for the formation of infections and diseases fruit trees your garden. To prevent this, it is necessary to carry out autumn treatment of the garden with urea in the form of spraying.
Cherries, sweet cherries, apricots and especially apple, pear and plum trees need to be treated not only for obvious pests, but also for preventive purposes. This will provide your trees not only with health, but also with the strength to bloom profusely and produce large amounts of fruit in the spring.
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Treating the trees in your garden with urea in the fall will eliminate or prevent the following diseases:
- Fungal infections;
- Scab;
- Spotting;
- Putrefactive diseases;
- Pests living and wintering in tree bark, etc.
Rules for autumn spraying of the garden with nitrogen-containing fertilizer
The best time is late autumn. Urea, as a highly concentrated nitrogen-containing fertilizer, should be used in late autumn for the purpose of prevention and destruction of pests, i.e., when leaf fall is in the second stage or has already ended. The approximate month for this stage is the beginning or end of November, depending on the climatic latitude.
Earlier processing garden trees in the fall, urea can lead to tree burns and premature leaf fall, which will affect their vulnerability to frost and low supply of nutrients.
Dry, windless weather is a priority. A process such as spraying garden trees with nitrogen-containing urea requires both the absence of wind and dry weather. Firstly, it will provide maximum effect, which will not be carried away by the wind or washed away by precipitation. Secondly, it is much safer for your health and, possibly, your yard animals, because the fertilizer contains pesticides.
Preparing trees for processing. This applies mainly to trees older than 6-10 years, and which have obvious bark diseases. Before processing them, you should remove diseased and affected areas of the bark using your hands or a metal brush or spatula. This will provide direct access to the affected area when spraying, as well as to the accumulation of insects.
As for foliage, even those affected by diseases, it is not recommended to remove it as unnecessary and is also subjected to treatment. In the spring, the treated foliage will become an excellent fertilizer, a kind of compost for trees.
Preparation of solution for spraying. The difference between urea, as a supplement and as a medicinal product, is in the composition of its solution. So, to destroy diseases and pests, prepare a very concentrated solution per 10 liters of water with at least 500 g of fertilizer, and preferably 500-700 g.
Scale of wood processing. The entire crown of the tree should be treated with urea in the fall, i.e. use fine spraying, which will eliminate existing problems as much as possible and prevent possible diseases.
Safety precautions. Take care of your health and use all the necessary protection for working with chemical fertilizers: a respiratory mask or thick gauze bandage, rubber gloves, safety glasses, etc. Wash your hands and face after finishing work, and also put your work clothes and shoes in the wash.
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To get a more abundant harvest, and also for the fruits to be distinguished by their juiciness and large sizes, trees must be treated with special preparations. It is also worth noting in this matter that to treat trunks and branches it is necessary to use preparations that are on the specialized list of approved products.
If you are a novice gardener, it will be difficult for you to decide on the substances that are necessary for processing. If possible, it is best to contact an experienced gardener.
What preparations are best to use, as well as what else trees need during processing, we will discuss in this article.
It is also worth noting that to obtain the most effective results, it is best to treat trees several times throughout the year. But we will touch on the topic autumn processing trees.
Tree treatment in autumn
It is imperative to treat trees in the fall, since this procedure is a necessary measure to prevent the spring invasion of insects, and therefore your yield may also increase.
Around September, under the bark, in upper layers soil, and insect pests and their larvae begin to accumulate under the fallen leaves. Thanks to timely digging of the soil and treating trees with chemicals, you can significantly reduce their number.
Immediately after the harvest of apples and pears, the crowns and trunks of trees must be sprayed with a urea solution (400-500 g per 10 liters of water). Urea is an excellent remedy in the fight against scab.
But in order to fight scab and fruit rot, you can also use copper sulfate or Bordeaux mixture.
It is very important that in the fall you properly dig the soil and remove fallen leaves. Some gardeners dig up the soil along with the leaves. In their opinion, in this way they improve the quality of the soil under the trees. But this opinion is erroneous.
Fallen leaves must be removed and composted to destroy, for example, the spores of clusterosporosis and coccomycosis remaining in them.
The soil itself must be dug up to a depth of 15-20 cm between rows and 10-15 cm around the tree trunk. To prevent damage to the root system, you can use a garden fork by positioning it along the roots.
It is not uncommon for dried and disease-damaged shoots to become overwintering sites for pathogens and insects. As a mechanical control method, these shoots can be pruned and destroyed. But in addition to this, you also need to clean the bark of fruit trees from moss, lichens, dead bark, collect and destroy diseased fruits.
These procedures can help combat spider mite, rust pathogens, with powdery mildew, anthracosis, with bud moth, with shoot gall midge, with currant cushion.
IN autumn period It is necessary to remove and burn the hunting belts, along with the apple moths, weevils and other insect pests that climb there.
As the final stage in pest control, it is necessary to treat the trees with Bordeaux mixture.
The solution is prepared as follows: 3 liters warm water dissolve 300 g of copper sulfate. We dilute 400 g of lime in 10 liters of water, stirring constantly, then combine these mixtures (copper sulfate must be poured in a thin stream).
Trees need to be sprayed at the end of October - beginning of November. And it is best to carry out this procedure in sunny, windless weather, trying to process all the shoots and main branches of the trees.
For the spraying itself, you can use a special sprayer with a cylinder in which the mixture will be under pressure.
Treatment with Bordeaux mixture is very useful in the fight against scab, powdery mildew, gray mold, purple spot, coccomycosis and other dangerous diseases.
Spraying with Bordeaux mixture in the fall is also good because you can thoroughly treat your garden, but without causing any harm to beneficial insects.
Also, ovaries or ripened fruits are not treated, which is a pressing problem in spring and summer, when there is a massive emergence of insect pests.
