If a country house is actively exploited not only in the summer season, but also in the cold season, the creation of a high-quality heating system- urgent need.
Different heat carriers can be used in heat supply lines: air heated to 60°C, water vapor at 130°C and water at a temperature of 95°C. Most often, water heating is used.
One of the main advantages of this coolant is the ability to equip various water heating systems, depending on the design features of the house, personal preferences and other factors.
In the article, we described a detailed classification of water heat supply schemes, outlined the features of each option, and also provided recommendations for choosing the main components of the system. The information provided will help design the heating of a private house.
Depending on the location of the place of heat generation, water heating systems are divided into centralized and local. In a centralized manner, heat is supplied, for example, apartment buildings, all kinds of institutions, enterprises and other objects.
In this case, heat is generated in CHP (combined heat and power plants) or boiler houses, and then delivered to consumers through pipelines.
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Local (autonomous) systems provide heat, for example, private houses. It is produced directly at the heat supply facilities themselves. For this purpose, furnaces or special units operating on electricity, natural gas, liquid or solid combustible materials are used.
Depending on the way in which the movement of water masses is ensured, heating can be with forced (pumping) or natural (gravitational) movement of the coolant. Systems with forced circulation can be with ring schemes and with schemes of primary-secondary rings.
Different water heating systems differ from each other in the type of wiring and the way the devices are connected. Combines their type of coolant that transfers heat to heating devices (+)
In accordance with the direction of water movement in the supply and reverse type, heat supply can be with passing and dead-end movement of the coolant. In the first case, water moves in the mains in one direction, and in the second - in different directions.
In the direction of movement of the coolant, the systems are divided into dead-end and oncoming ones. In the first, the flow of heated water is directed in the direction opposite to the direction of the cooled water. In passing schemes, the movement of the heated and cooled coolant occurs in the same direction (+)
Heating pipes can be connected to heating appliances in different schemes. If the heaters are connected in series, such a scheme is called a single-pipe circuit, if in parallel - a two-pipe circuit.
There is also a bifilar scheme, in which all the first halves of the devices are first connected in series, and then, to ensure the reverse outflow of water, their second halves.
The location of the pipes connecting the heating devices gave the name to the wiring: they distinguish between its horizontal and vertical varieties. According to the assembly method, collector, tee and mixed pipelines are distinguished.
Schemes of heating systems with upper and lower wiring differ in the location of the supply line. In the first case, the supply pipe is laid above the devices that receive the heated coolant from it, in the second case, the pipe is laid below the batteries (+)
In those residential buildings where there are no basements, but there is an attic, heating systems with overhead wiring are used. In them, the supply line is located above the heating appliances.
For buildings with a technical basement and flat roof heating with a lower wiring is used, in which the water supply and drainage lines are located below the heating devices.
There is also a wiring with an "overturned" circulation of the coolant. In this case, the heat supply return line is located below the devices.
According to the method of connecting the supply line to the heating devices, systems with upper wiring are divided into schemes with two-way, one-way and overturned movement of the coolant
Requirements for the operation of the heating system
With all the variety of water heating systems, a number of general requirements are imposed on their work.
They have to:
- evenly heat all the air in the premises;
- be repairable;
- do not create difficulties during operation;
- be linked to ventilation systems;
- be regulated.
The principle of operation of the heating system is also common: water is heated, after which it circulates through the pipeline and gives off the heat received, warming the premises.
coolant in winter time non-freezing liquid - antifreeze can serve. So that the ethylene glycol contained in it does not cause corrosion of pipelines
Equipment power calculations
The indoor temperature depends on the following factors:
- air temperature outside the building;
- house wall thickness and the quality of its individual elements;
- heat capacities of materials from which the house is built.
When calculating your home's need for heat, you need to take into account all factors, including heat loss through windows and doors, walls and floors with ceilings. Special standards required in the calculation process should be applied taking into account the climatic conditions of the area in which the residential facility is located and the degree of existing thermal insulation.
The general meaning of the calculation is to calculate the total heat loss corresponding to the minimum air temperature in your area in order to purchase equipment that can more than compensate for these losses.
The greatest heat loss occurs through the outer walls of the house. As the temperature difference between inside and outside the building increases, so does the heat loss.
If we take into account the material from which the outer walls were built, and the thickness of these walls, then for an external air temperature of -30 ° C, heat losses will be different and will be:
- brick with internal plaster - 89 W / m² (in 2.5 bricks), 104 W / m² (in 2 bricks);
- chopped with inner lining(250 mm) - 70 W / m²;
- from a bar with inner lining - 89 W / m² (180 mm), 101 W / m² (100 mm);
- frame with expanded clay inside (200 mm) - 71 W / m²;
- foam concrete with internal plaster (200 mm) - 105 W / m².
However, heat losses occur not only through the outer walls, but also through other enclosing structures.
At the same - 30 ° C, they will be for:
- attic wooden floors - 35 W / m²;
- basement wooden floors - 26 W / m²;
- double wooden doors without insulation - 234 W / m²;
- windows with a double frame made of wood - 135 W/m².
To calculate the total heat loss of a building, you need to calculate the area of all enclosing structures in square meters, multiply by the heat loss standard by type of structure, taking into account the materials from which they are made, and summarize the results.
The calculation should be made based on the minimum seasonal temperature of a particular area. Heat losses through the walls are calculated separately, because it is necessary to take into account the area of glazing and doorways.
Losses through floors without hatches to the attic or underground are calculated for the entire area as for single structural elements.
The heating boiler is chosen taking into account the fact that its power should be enough to compensate for heat losses with a 20-30 percent margin.
The procedure for calculating the thermal power of the equipment that will be used to install the heating system is given in the video clip in the final part of the article.
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On our website there is a block of articles devoted to the calculation of water heating, we advise you to read:
Water heating systems
For all external differences and various connection schemes, the basic principle of operation of water heating systems is the same. The coolant heated in the boiler is transported through the pipeline to the heating devices.
Cooling down, the water transfers environment heat, after which it returns to the place where it will heat up. This cycle repeats over and over again.
Natural and forced circulation
In private homes, the following types of heating systems are used:
- with natural circulation;
- with forced circulation.
natural circulation. Its performance is based on the density difference between hot and cold. The upper positions of such a system are occupied by warm water, and the lower ones by cold water. Cooling down, warm water moves down, and heating up - up.
The second factor that ensures the natural circulation of water masses is the slope under which the pipes are installed.
This is how the sources of circulation pressure are presented graphically. First, its appearance is due to different temperatures water, and, secondly, the inclined position of the pipes (+)
- for the installation of heating, you will need more pipes, but of a smaller diameter;
- you can use different types of radiators and heat pipes with small diameters;
- the temperature of heating devices is easier to regulate;
- the range of action is significantly expanded due to artificial stimulation of the movement of the coolant;
- the possibility of using heating units with increased characteristics of the coolant.
The disadvantage of forced systems is the dependence on the power supply. In order to avoid incidents with complete inactivity of heating, it is recommended to stock up on a diesel or gasoline generator.
In addition, the disadvantages include:
- the need for accurate calculation pipeline diameter, because too narrow channels will sharply increase the hydraulic resistance, and when circulating through excessively wide pipes, the coolant will “noise”;
- high cost of construction due to the almost double length of the pipeline, the inclusion in the circuit of one or two, if necessary, a booster pump;
- mandatory use of expensive regulators coolant flow, its temperature and pressure in the system.
The correct choice of the type of circulation depends on the individual characteristics and location of the building in which it will be mounted. water heating. However, for schemes with natural motion in Lately began to resort less and less, using them mainly in buildings for temporary residence.
Most often, private houses are equipped with systems with artificial coercion of the movement of the coolant due to significantly greater capabilities.
Combined circulation systems
The combined system can function in both natural and forced modes. This means that during its installation it is necessary, as in the case of using natural circulation, to provide for a pipe slope of 3-5 mm on running meter, as well as the installation of a pump, as for forced circulation.
Usually in such a heating scheme there is a solid fuel boiler.
The scheme includes: 1- electric boiler, 2- solid fuel boiler, 3- pump. This scheme of a combined heating system, in which, in addition to the pump, there is an inclined piping system, and the electric boiler is duplicated with solid fuel so that the system can work without electricity (+)
The point of using a combined system is that it will continue to work even in the event of a power outage. But the sudden cessation of heating in the winter threatens not only to lower the temperature in the room.
Elements of the heating system can simply fail, because the water, expanding upon freezing, will violate their tightness.
Installation methods for water heating systems
Consider two main schemes for installing heating systems.
The design of the pipeline in a single-pipe version is characterized by a direct sequence of supplying the coolant to the radiators. The coolant fills and warms up first the first battery, then the next, and so on.
Two pipes are supplied from one pipe to each radiator: the first is needed to supply the coolant, and the second to drain partially cooled water.
A single-pipe heating system is characterized by a series connection of all radiators, in which the coolant, having passed the first heater, enters the next one.
The peculiarity of such a scheme is the relatively low heating of the last battery compared to the first, since water “gets” to it, having already given up part of its heat.
How not to make mistakes with pipes
To install the heating system will require a lot of pipes.
Which one should be preferred:
- metal. The service life of such pipes is not too long. Over time, metal products can rust. They are mounted using threaded connections.
- Polymer. It's inexpensive but enough reliable material, which is resistant to corrosion. Even a non-professional can mount these pipes. The pipeline made of polymer pipes will last for a very long time.
- metal-plastic. These pipes are made of aluminum and plastic. The pipeline from them is assembled on threaded or press connections. As a side effect of the high coefficient of thermal expansion of these pipes, they can crack when the water temperature changes dramatically.
If the owners of the house have no restrictions on funds, it makes sense to arrange heating wiring from copper pipes. This is a very expensive material, but the cost of it justifies itself. Such pipes are reliable and durable.
They tolerate temperature and pressure well. For their installation, soldering is used - silver-containing high-temperature solder.
Everything that we told you above concerned the radiator water. But water as a heat carrier can be used in other heating systems.
When installing a water heating system, you may need a lot of pipes, so you need to calculate the feasibility of purchasing expensive products and focus on your real capabilities
Read more about the characteristics and selection of pipes for heating in.
Water system "Warm floor"
"Warm floor" can both successfully complement radiator water heating, and become the only source of space heating, if we are talking about a low-rise building. A huge advantage of the "Warm House" is that this system provides conditions that fully meet the sanitary and hygienic standards of the premises.
The air is heated unevenly along the height of the room: it is colder in the upper part of the rooms, and warmer in the lower part.
Underfloor heating is a wonderful invention that allows you to heat the room in height in full compliance with the sanitary and hygienic standards imposed on it (+)
The temperature of the system is only 55°C, which meets the design codes. Implementation is carried out over the entire area of \u200b\u200beach of the premises. This is a rather complicated work, which can only be done qualitatively at the stage of building a house. The operation of the system also causes a number of difficulties.
Skirting heating system
If the installation of the "Warm House" is difficult, and the radiators spoil the interior of the room, you can use the plinth heating system.
With this type of heating, the installation of pipes is carried out behind the plinth, that is, slightly above the floor level. At the same time, the room, as in the case of the “Warm floor”, warms up in the correct sequence.
Thanks to baseboard heating there is no need to puzzle over how to fit into the interior country house pipelines, manifolds and radiators so that they are not conspicuous (+)
At the same time, the floor is heated, which creates favorable conditions in any season. Heating under the baseboard is becoming more and more popular and is gradually becoming fashionable.
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
Comparison of two-pipe and one-pipe heating systems:
The house you are going to live in all year round, needs heating during the cold period. To make living conditions comfortable, you need to choose a water heating system that is most suitable for your individual conditions.
We hope that the information in this article will help you make right choice. After all, high-quality heating is not only comfort and coziness. It is also a prerequisite for maintaining your health.
Have something to add, or have questions about water heating systems? You can leave comments on the publication and participate in discussions. The contact form is in the bottom block.
The question of replacing stove heating with a more modern one, sooner or later, has to be decided by the owner of a private house. It is clear that the task for a non-professional is very difficult, but doable. There are many specific subtleties in this work, which are known only to professionals in their field - designers and installers of heating systems. Not possible without their help. But if the owner of a private house has a desire to make heating with his own hands, he may well do some of the work on his own. And entrust the responsible stages of work to professionals.
This article will give an idea to the beginner home master about the cycle of work to be performed.
Heating options
First you have to choose a heating system. And there are plenty to choose from - there are several of them and differ among themselves according to the type of coolant:
- Water heating system;
- Steam heating system;
- Air heating system;
- Electric heating system.
Let's consider each of them separately.
Water heating
It works on the principle of a closed loop of pipes in which hot water. The central element in this system is the boiler, where water is heated and distributed through pipes throughout the system (). Installed water heating radiators, through which the coolant passes, heat up and warm the rooms. The cooled water enters the boiler again and the process is repeated again.
All heating boilers fit into a similar scheme, but the most popular are economical gas boilers.
Important! Gas boilers require regular checks and adjustments by the gas company.
Steam heating
Steam from heated water acts as a heat carrier. In the boiler, water is heated to a state of boiling and already in the form of steam it diverges along the highways to the radiators. Cooling, the steam turns back into water and goes back through the pipes to the heating boiler.
There are two types of steam systems:
- open;
- Closed.
In the first case, the system has storage tank, for condensate. And in the second, the condensate formed after cooling is returned to the boiler through pipes of increased diameter.
Steam heating is mainly used in industrial premises in large industries where steam is needed for their own needs. For home use steam heating has not become widespread due to the large areas for the placement of boiler equipment. And the steam boiler itself is quite difficult to operate, and because of the high steam temperature of 115 ° it is also dangerous.
air heating
In a finished residential building, deploy do-it-yourself equipment for organizing air heating practically unrealistic. Only at the stage of building a new house is it possible to install the entire system (). And this is despite the fact that the principle of operation of such a system is quite simple.
A heat generator located at the lowest point of a steam heating system, e.g. basement, heats up the air. And already heated, it diverges through the air ducts through the premises of the house and exits through the grilles under the ceiling of the rooms. Warm air displaces cold air into the return ducts laid up to the heat generator. That is, a closed cycle of work is obtained.
To improve performance, a fan is included in the heating system, which increases the air pressure in the air duct.
An example of air heating operation is shown in Fig:
The heat generator can operate autonomously on diesel fuel or kerosene. Gas can also be used - both natural from the main gas pipeline and bottled.
To equip a private house with this type of heating, it is necessary to carry out design work. Specialists will calculate: what material the air ducts will be made of (metal, plastic or textile), what size and build the correct topology of the heating network of the entire building.
Electric heating
Subject to the availability of a constant power supply, electric converters, suspended infrared heaters, and electrical system "warm floor".
Such a system does an excellent job of heating the house, but high electricity bills make you think about the economy of this method of heating.
But if you put it as a spare, in addition to the main one (for example, a gas boiler), then this method of heating is quite in demand.
Mounted heating electric convectors have one feature - uneven heating of the room space. The lower zone at floor level is cold, and the upper zone under the ceiling is warm.
The electrical system of the "warm floor" will help to correct the situation:
Elements of the heating system
The entire electrical heating system in a house can be compared to a human circulatory system. The heart is a cauldron, from which heat diverges through the veins (pipes) to the heating elements throughout the house.
This is, after all, a figurative representation. In fact, there are many more elements that provide efficient work the entire electrical heating system - from pipe fittings to expansion tanks.
Electric heating can be organized in different ways:
- Forced circulation of water;
- Natural water circulation.
A pump is included in the forced circulation system. But there is a small minus - the pump requires electricity to operate. If it is turned off, the entire heating system will stop working.
Systems with natural circulation, in terms of independence from electricity, are more convenient. The circulation of water occurs due to the fact that the water temperature at the outlet of the heating boiler and the inlet is different. But in this case, pipes with different diameters are selected, and it is difficult to adjust it. The advantage is that such a system does not depend on electricity.
Systems are also divided into open and closed.
In open electrical systems, to relieve excessive pressure, a expansion tank. As a rule, this is the highest point of the system. To relieve pressure in closed systems, a membrane tank is installed closed type. It is small, airtight and can be mounted anywhere in the electrical system, thus avoiding the formation of air pockets.
Calculation of the system and selection of boiler power
Of course, managers in the store can also pick up equipment. But there are two ways in which this can be done quite independently with your own hands.
A simple approximate method is used by equipment sellers: the area of \u200b\u200bone room is multiplied by 100 watts. Summing up the obtained values for all rooms, get required power heating appliances.
- If only one 1 wall goes outside, the area is multiplied by 100 W;
- For corner room, the measured area is multiplied by 120 W;
- If there are 2 exterior walls and two windows, the area of the room is multiplied by 130W.
For a more accurate calculation, the formula is used:
W cat. \u003d (S * W sp.): 10
Where,
- S is the area of the room;
- W beats - specific power of the heater used per 10 m² of room area.
W beat is selected depending on the region.
For example, if the area of all heated premises is 100 m², with a specific power for the Moscow region of 1.2 kW, then the power for the boiler is obtained: W \u003d (100x1.2) / 10 \u003d 12 kilowatts.
Heat consumption for ventilation
The inflow of fresh air is very important for a comfortable stay in the house. And therefore, when choosing a heating boiler, it is important to take into account the heat consumption for ventilation. Fresh indoor air is undoubtedly needed, but no less important is the speed with which cold air flows inside the house. And the lower the speed of fresh air flows, the more more comfortable conditions residence.
Building codes specifically stipulate the presence of exhaust ventilation in the premises:
- baths;
- toilet;
- Kitchens.
And the inflow of fresh air should be provided by vents in the window and supply valves V living rooms(rice.):
Thus, the supply air is divided into three zones:
- Air inflow.
- Air flow.
- Air extracts.
When organizing any heating system, it is necessary to take into account the heat consumption not only for heating the house, but also for its ventilation. If the work is carried out according to the project, then it must include a calculation for heat loss due to the entry of cold air masses into the room.
Only after calculating the nominal air exchange in the house, it is possible to draw conclusions about the final heat demand for both heating the house and its ventilation.
Before choosing and buying a boiler for a heating system, You need to decide for yourself several parameters:
- Most importantly, purchase exactly the type of boiler that will effectively heat the whole house;
- Choose a heating boiler that will constantly work on the selected type of fuel;
- And the last thing - the boiler will work only for space heating or also heat water for everyday needs.
For reference! If the boiler works mainly for heating - single-circuit, and if it also gives hot water - double-circuit.
Solid fuel boilers
It makes sense to opt for solid fuel heating boilers either if there is no way to connect to gas in the region or there is fairly inexpensive coal or firewood.
You can also install a solid fuel boiler with your own hands on solid fuel as a backup source of heat. The cost of such boilers is relatively low, but the heating system will not work without:
- expansion tank;
- Security groups;
- More reliable pipes and radiators.
This is due to the fact that boilers of this type operate on more high temperatures Oh.
Such boilers are very reliable under a number of conditions:
- The fuel for the boiler must match both in quality and moisture content.
- Mandatory daily cleaning of the solid fuel boiler.
gas boilers
The most popular, with the possibility of connecting to gas pipelines - gas boilers(). Its main advantage - with all its simplicity, is also ease of use. Most modern models of gas boilers are also equipped with a thermostat. And this is very convenient - you choose the desired temperature for the house, and the device will automatically maintain comfortable heat throughout the house.
At prices, gas heating boilers have a wide range to choose from.
The price is affected by:
- Manufacturer;
- Power;
- Boiler type.
But a big plus in boilers of this type is that they already come with a circulation pump and an expansion tank.
And the material from which the pipes and radiators of gas heating are made is completely different and much cheaper than, for example, for solid fuel boilers (coal, etc.).
Electric boilers
This is the most expensive way to heat a house ().
But! Electric heating boilers have some advantages:
- Large choice of power - from 2 to 40 kW;
- Stability in work;
- Do not pollute the atmosphere in the house;
- Very easy to use;
- Built-in circulation pump;
- Supplied with expansion tank and temperature sensor;
- Differ in reliability in work;
- Inexpensive repair and maintenance.
By prices electric boilers comparable to gas.
Oil boilers
Most consumers are unaware that traditional liquid fuel heating boilers are now able to work not only on diesel fuel, but also:
- Kerosene;
- Light grades of oil;
- Waste oils (including synthetic origin);
- Fuel oil.
It is enough to change the burners under desired type fuel.
For reference! On sale there are universal liquid fuel boilers without burners. The consumer has the opportunity to choose a burner for diesel fuel or for gas independently.
But when using liquid fuel heating boilers, a number of features must be taken into account:
- Compared to gas boilers, fuel costs will increase significantly.
- Equipment acquisition and installation costs are higher than other types of heating.
- On the site near the house, it is necessary to leave a place for the installation of a large-sized tank for storing fuel supplies.
- In order to prevent the specific smell of diesel fuel and the noise from the operation of burners in the living quarters of the house, it is better to install heating equipment in a separate building.
- Since the burner needs the operation of automation and pumps powered by electricity, to organize uninterrupted operation, provide for the installation of a backup generator.
- For the stable operation of oil-fired boilers, only good quality fuel is required.
For convenience, the table combines the estimated characteristics of heating boilers, for different types fuel:
Heating system diagrams
The water heating system can be organized into two types:
- Single-circuit;
- Dual circuit.
And according to the principle of movement of the system, there are:
- Single pipe;
- Two-pipe;
- Collector;
- Leningradskaya.
Single pipe
A single-pipe heating system is mounted in series - one radiator after another. From the scheme, a significant drawback of this system is immediately noticeable. The coolant, passing from one radiator to another, begins to cool. With a less intensive circulation of water in distant radiators, it not only gives up the entire remainder of the temperature to the metal, but also slowly enters the return line.
Thus, if the number of radiators for heating is too large, then the last radiator may be generally cold.
In addition, such a heating system is not practical to repair. To repair one radiator, you have to stop all heating in a private house.
Conclusion! In single-pipe heating systems, it is impossible to extend the circuit indefinitely.
Two-pipe
In a two-pipe heating system, maintenance is much easier. Hot water is supplied to the radiator through one line of the pipeline, and through another pipe (waste water) it flows back into the boiler. Radiators in this circuit are connected in parallel.
For ease of operation and repair, each pipe is mounted with a shut-off valve. Here, too, the water at the last radiator in the system will be colder, but much hotter than in a single-pipe system.
Collector
The figure shows that the supply and return system for each heating radiator is organized independently of each other. A significant plus in such a system is the ability to coordinate the temperature in any room separately. It is also very convenient to repair any section of the pipeline and each radiator separately.
To date, all experts have recognized the collector heating system as the most progressive.
But there are also disadvantages:
- Requires the installation of a manifold cabinet;
- Sensitive for the estimate, the consumption of pipes during the installation of the heating system.
Leningradskaya
A more advanced, single-pipe system, which, combined with ease of installation and low cost, is still very popular.
Despite the fact that the Leningrad heating system began to be introduced many years ago, it is now successfully used in construction. multi-storey buildings. Such a system has the main feature - simplicity. For the device of such a system, you can have a minimum of knowledge and get by with a minimum amount of materials than in two-pipe systems. In addition, in such a system it is possible to control each radiator in the system.
System installation
Once the choice of heating system has been made, the most the right step there will be an appeal to the design office. Having a project of work and drawings in hand, you can purchase and store the necessary materials, control and management devices, and components.
Installation begins with the choice of the installation location of the heating boiler. If combustion products are emitted during the operation of the boilers, the best solution would be to build a separate boiler room. It is possible to place a boiler room in the basement, subject to the arrangement of good ventilation and sound insulation.
The boiler itself is installed at such a distance from the walls that it always has free access for maintenance.
The floor and wall covering near the heating boiler must be made of refractory materials. Equipped with a chimney system from the boiler to the street.
The following steps for the installation of the heating system will be carried out according to the project:
- Installation circulation pump;
- Distribution collector node;
- Measuring instruments;
- Devices of manual or automatic adjustment.
After completion of the installation of the boiler, they proceed to work on the installation of main pipelines, according to the selected heating scheme, to the places where radiators will be installed. IN residential buildings you will have to make passages for pipelines in walls and partitions. Based on the selected material, the pipes are interconnected by previously prepared elements.
Installation work is completed with the installation of radiators. Usually, the following conditions are observed during installation:
- Distance from the floor - 12 cm;
- The distance from the walls is up to 5 cm.
Shutoff valves, temperature sensors and other adjusting elements are installed on the pipes at the inlet and outlet of the radiators.
Completes installation work - pressure testing of the entire system.
Boiler connection
Connecting the installed boiler to the heating system according to the following scheme:
- The pipe system laid around the house is connected to the outlets on the boiler.
- As a rule, cut-offs from common system stopcocks.
- For the operation of electrical appliances, wires and a ground loop are connected.
- Installation of safety valves, thermostats and other devices (installed before installing shut-off valves).
- For gas heating boilers - connection to the gas pipeline.
- Filling the heating system with water.
- Pressure testing of the system. At the same time, leaks in the system are detected and eliminated.
- Depressurization in the pipes to the working one.
Important! When starting the gas boiler for the first time, the presence of a representative of the gas company is mandatory.
Modern market building materials offers a large selection of pipes from a variety of different materials for the heating system.
Of course, with sufficient skills welding work, you can opt for the usual steel pipes. But why doom yourself in advance to a guaranteed repair of the system due to the fact that the pipes will be subject to corrosion?
If there is a desire to use either copper or stainless pipes, then it can only be approved if the owner is not limited in financial resources and is not afraid of certain installation difficulties. Such pipes are the most expensive, but they are not afraid of high pressure and high temperature.
The most inexpensive option is polypropylene pipes. But it must be taken into account that the joints with the fittings are carried out by soldering, and if the heating of the connection is insufficient, this place will definitely leak. And when overheated, it is possible to overlap the internal section with molten material.
Recently, polyethylene or metal-plastic pipes are very popular. Installation is quite simple, provided that the joints are made on pressed fittings. They can be laid under the fill floors when installing the "warm floor" system.
With a large selection of modern radiators, opting for traditional cast iron ones is at least not rational (). Due to low thermal conductivity, they have lost their former popularity.
Aluminum radiators
In addition to high heat dissipation, aluminum radiators are very light.
Due to the fact that they have a variety of center distances (350-500mm), the installation of the heating system is greatly facilitated. Aluminum radiators have a number of advantages that distinguish them favorably from other heating devices:
- High heat dissipation;
- Lightweight design;
- High working pressure (18 atm.);
- Beautiful design.
Bimetal radiators
Systems of this type combine the advantages of sectional (from aluminum alloys), and tubular (made of steel):
- Increased strength (up to 40 atmospheres);
- Long service life (up to 20 years);
- Beautiful design;
- High level of heat transfer.
Steel panel radiators
The main advantage of steel radiators is their quick response to changes in coolant temperature.
They heat up instantly and cool down just as quickly. Such properties significantly affect energy saving.
A large area of stamped steel panels has a positive effect on high heat transfer, and the presence of a finned surface increases the area of the heater. Such qualities increase the comfort and efficiency of heating.
Selection by power and methods of connecting radiators
The decision to replace the entire heating system was finally made. The main elements of the system have been selected, it remains to solve the question - how much power can the radiators themselves produce?
It is this indicator that is actually the most important in determining the properties of the heating system.
Take, for example, a room with an area of 10 m² with a ceiling height of 3 m. The volume of the room, respectively, is 10x3 = 30 m³.
But this indicator does not fully describe the characteristics of the radiator. It is known from the regulations that a heating radiator with an output power of at least 40 watts is required to heat 1m³ of a room.
The result is: 30x40 \u003d 1200 watts.
For insurance, you can add 15-20%. This is exactly the amount of heat needed to heat such a room. As you can see, the calculations are quite simple and you can do them yourself before going to the store.
When we figured out the power of the radiator, it remains to choose a way to connect it to the main, which is carried out in several ways, as in the figure:
Lateral connection of heating batteries is used when mounting to risers. If main pipes laid under flooring or at floor level - diagonal.
It can be seen from the figure that these two connection methods allow the most productive use of the entire surface of the battery.
Finds its supporters and the lower versatile way to connect. It can be seen from the figure that with such a direction of hot water it is impossible to effectively heat the entire space of the radiator.
Errors during installation
Flaws and errors in installation work ah, not uncommon. Their description is a topic for a separate article, but the most common ones can be distinguished:
- Illiterate selection of a heat source;
- Admitted shortcomings in the boiler circuit;
- Incorrectly selected heating system;
- Careless attitude of installers.
Choosing a boiler with insufficient power is the most common mistake.
The desire to save on the cost of the boiler, but at the same time power not only the heating system, but also organize the supply of hot water, will lead to the fact that the heat generator will not be able to provide the house with enough heat.
All elements and devices in the boiler piping must be installed according to their functional properties. For example, inserting a pump is recommended precisely on the return lines of pipelines and do not forget to take into account the horizontal position of the pump shaft.
With an incorrectly selected heating system, there is a risk of additional alterations. So if you “hang” more than five radiators on a single-pipe system, most often the rest will not heat at all.
Do-it-yourself installation flaws can be cited as examples of poor-quality slopes, unwelded connections, or the installation of improperly selected shut-off valves.
For example, if you confuse the installation locations of the valves on the pipes in front of the inlet (ordinary faucet) and at the outlet of the radiator (water supply control valve). It also happens that the installation of pipes in the floor occurs without mandatory insulation so that the water does not cool down on the way to the radiator. I had to change the heating system at the dacha - old cast-iron batteries and a Soviet boiler, for which details cannot be found even during the day with fire. But when they found out the cost of services for the replacement and modernization of thermal communications, they were in great shock. In the end, we decided to do everything on our own - albeit not so quickly, but you can save a good penny. Fortunately, we found this article, where all stages of work are described in great detail and with examples, many photos explaining. I especially liked the section “Errors during installation” - we learned a lot of useful things from the category of “what not to do”, otherwise we would have spent more time, nerves and money on redoing.
Thanks to the author for the detailed article. It can be safely used as a scientific aid for self-assembly heating systems in your home. Thanks also for the many suggestions. They will help, especially for beginners. And from myself I will add that, in my opinion, the most the best option of the proposed is the installation of a gas boiler. After all, judge for yourself: it is relatively cheap, familiar and practical. However, the author or anyone else may disagree with me. I'm looking forward to other people's opinions on this.
Two years ago we just did heating in the house. In order not to be dependent on the stove, otherwise this cinder and smoke bother you, to be honest. We installed water heating with specialists. Pretty practical and power is not lost, not sprayed. The water is simply heated by the boiler and it diverges through pipes that are placed around the house, such as a battery. And they are already heating the house. Personally for us, this method seemed the simplest and most optimal.
A question arose with the replacement of heating in a private house, they decided to throw out the Soviet batteries and the boiler and replace it with a new one. Prices of course horror, fight in a terrible way. So I started searching the net for how to do everything right, since I came across you and got information on installing and installing the system. Everything is detailed and easy to understand. After reading it, it became more profitable for me to do it myself than to overpay 10 times more expensive for some smart guy who can do it just like me.
In our country, where winter lasts half a year, we need a good and convenient system heating, which would warm the house in any bad weather. Water heating remains the most reliable means of fighting for warmth and comfort in a private house.
Scheme of the water heating system.
Boilers are used as heating devices. various types fuel and even a conventional stove. Where water heating uses a stove, the diameter of the pipes is increased, and stop valves are minimized.
Principle of operation
This system has gained popularity due to its simplicity. Heating uses the following principle of operation: the boiler heats water (or antifreeze) to the desired temperature, it flows through pipes to batteries or radiators in rooms, giving off heat, and returns to the boiler.
Scheme of a system with gravity water movement.
Also, the water heating scheme may include:
- expansion tank- excess water that has arisen during heating is discharged into it, it also ensures the absence of oxygen in the system;
- the circulation pump maintains a constant circulation of water in the system, with its help the heating rate of the room increases due to the faster movement of water;
- manometer;
- thermostats;
- air vent - automatic or shut-off;
- safety valves.
Boiler selection
When buying a boiler, as a rule, they take the value of 1 kW of power per 10 square meters. m of heated living space, given that the height of the ceilings is not more than 3 meters. They also take into account the volume of the room, the degree of insulation of a private house, the size of the windows, the presence of additional heat consumers.
With a heated area: from 60 to 200 sq. m - boiler power up to 25 kW, from 200 to 300 sq. m - 25-35 kW, from 300 to 600 sq. m - 35-60 kW, from 600 to 1200 sq. m - up to 100 kW.
You can choose an electric boiler - with an area of a private house from 30 to 1000 square meters. m, you can use boilers with a capacity of 3 to 105 kW, respectively. The disadvantages of electric boilers are the high cost of electricity, interruptions in power supply or insufficient power.
Nuances of functioning
When using the oven, to improve the performance of the system, the difference between the lowest point cold water(return) and the upper hot water point are maximized. The riser is taken out to the ceiling. In any case, the calculation of water heating is carried out. If a heating boiler is used, it is recommended to lower it lower, if possible, for example, into the basement. This arrangement allows you to increase the height of the riser, give the water a greater impulse of movement. Consequently, the efficiency will increase, the house will warm up more evenly.
Fuel
Used to heat up the boiler different types fuels: natural gas, coal, firewood. A centralized power supply may also be used, or such alternative sources energy, such as mini-hydro, solar or wind converters.
Pipe selection
When installing water heating, pipes from different materials are used. Each has its pros and cons.
Steel
Steel pipes used to be the most popular, but in modern construction are used less and less. The disadvantage of conventional steel pipes is the susceptibility to corrosion, so they use stainless or galvanized, which are more reliable.
Copper
Copper pipes endure high temperatures and pressure, will serve more than one generation, and are the most reliable for use in a private home. Their only drawback is their high cost.
Polymer
Polymer pipes are made of metal-plastic (aluminum coated with plastic) or aluminum-reinforced polypropylene.
Main advantages:
- resistance to corrosion;
- strength;
- sediment is not deposited on the inner surface;
- low cost of installation work, because no welding is required.
Among the disadvantages is a high coefficient of thermal expansion; during the cold period, a temporary shutdown of the boiler or freezing of the heating system can lead to damage to the pipes.
System device
The single-circuit system is intended only for space heating. This heating scheme has a simple principle of operation, is inexpensive and is suitable for houses up to 100 square meters. m. Includes a single-circuit boiler with atmospheric exhaust, single-pipe wiring with pipes made of steel or polymer materials, as well as cast-iron, aluminum or steel radiators.
Scheme of single-circuit heating of the room.
This system can be improved by adding two-pipe wiring, a circulation pump, thermostatic valves on radiators. With a single-circuit boiler for supplying hot water for domestic needs, it is necessary to provide for the installation of a geyser or boiler. The double-circuit system is used both for heating housing and for heating water.
Dual circuit system
A double-circuit boiler is convenient when there is a need for hot water for a family of no more than four people, and taking into account that tap water or softened water (hard from a well is not suitable). Two single-circuit systems can also be made, one of them will heat the room, the other will heat the water. This will allow in summer to use only the water heating system, which consumes 25% of the boiler capacity.
The device of a double-circuit boiler.
The most common classification of water heating systems takes into account the piping layout. Water heating can be either two-pipe or one-pipe.
Single pipe heating system
A single-pipe system is called a system in which heated water from the boiler sequentially passes from one battery to the next. Eventually last battery it will be colder than the first, as a rule, such a system is used in apartment buildings. The most significant drawback is that it is difficult to manage single-pipe wiring, because if you block the access of water to one of the radiators, then all the others will be blocked.
Two-pipe heating system
In a two-pipe, a pipe with hot and cold water is suitable for each radiator. cold water. Water heating of a private house allows you to comfortably regulate the temperature in the rooms.
Collector (beam) - from the collector (a device in the heating system that collects the coolant) two pipes are connected to each heater - a straight line and a return line. This makes it easy to install heating systems with concealed wiring pipes, and also makes it possible to maintain and regulate the set temperature in a separate room. To do this, on each floor of the house there are collectors in a special cabinet, from which independently connected pipes go to the radiators. The disadvantages are the cost of pipes and installation of manifold cabinets.
Pumps
Additionally, when laying heating pipelines for a country house, circulation pumps are installed - they do an excellent job of circulating water in large houses with long pipes, save fuel consumption, and also heat the room faster due to the rapid movement of water.
Experts recommend for one-story houses with a steep roof, as well as a basement, make a scheme with vertical risers and two-pipe wiring. When installing water heating with your own hands, it is important to think about where the exhaust gases will go. To ensure their exit, you need to install a special pipe.
Calculation of water heating
First you need to calculate the system. First of all, it must be remembered that the need for heating will directly depend on factors such as heat loss through window and door openings, as well as through walls, floors and ceilings. Thus, in order to calculate the power of a heating boiler, you need to know the principle of operation of the system and the degree of heat loss by the finishing and design materials from which the house is made.
The walls of a private house that are in direct contact with the external atmosphere conduct heat more efficiently. In this case, the degree of heat loss will increase with each temperature difference between the inner and outer sides of the wall. The normal temperature is considered to be 20 °C.
When calculating water heating, this indicator should be summed up with the highest negative temperature characteristic of a certain area. When calculating heat loss, you need to calculate the exact area of \u200b\u200bthe end (external) walls, door and window openings, ceilings, floors, and then multiply these data by the degree of heat loss per square meter of a private house. After that, all results are summarized.
The correct calculation of the location of the distribution boiler is very important, since the number of bends and the length of the sections of the residential heating system in a private house will directly depend on this.
Mounting Features
Before you start equipping water heating with your own hands, you should consider the most popular and practical systems, advantages and disadvantages, installation principles, as well as suitable types of radiators. 
Home-made construction of a house is always associated with the organization of space heating. This issue is thought out long before the start of the relevant work. There are many options. They are considered by any person who is going to provide heating for a country house with their own hands. Quite often there are cases when no one can help with advice. Specialists of companies charge a fee for this, which makes their services not the most profitable option. You have to figure everything out on your own.
Nuances and subtleties
Those who have a desire to make home-made heating should remember that only those types of pipes that have a small diameter should be used, since only they can maintain a high water temperature and effectively create and maintain the necessary temperature regime in the conditions of the Russian climate.
However, they also have their drawbacks. In particular, the installation of water heating due to the small diameter of the pipes cannot be carried out without preliminary overhaul the entire room. In addition, as regards the water heating system itself, it requires constant heating of the coolant.
Therefore, if you forgot to drain the water from the pipes of your private house in the winter season and left it on long term, then you should expect trouble, because under the influence of low temperature, the pipes can simply break. As a result, upon your return, you will be forced to repair the entire water heating system, since the main part of the pipeline will be damaged.
But even if you do not forget to drain the water from heating pipes having a small diameter, they can still suffer from the effects of corrosion, since the presence of air will take place, which will lead to the formation of internal condensate on the walls of the pipeline.
Water heating of a country house is an affordable cost of materials for installation and further operation, as well as good results in creating warmth and comfort in the house.
Gone are the days when the only way to warm a private house there was an oven. It is precisely because of the lack of full-fledged heating and running water with hot water many did not want to live outside the city, moving to comfortable high-rise buildings. But the benefits of civilization have reached country houses. Modern technologies and materials allow you to equip the heating of a private house with your own hands, so as not to endure hardships anymore. Now convenience in country house will be no worse than city ones. There are several ways to make heating in a private house, which differ structural elements and energy carriers. We will talk about them in the framework of this article.
What can be the heating system of a private house
First of all, heating systems differ in the type of coolant, which directly heats the premises, giving off heat. There are water systems, steam, air, electric and open fire. The latter are implemented in fireplaces, Russian stoves and coarse. In rooms where heating is implemented in this way, heat is distributed unevenly: cold air near the floor, hot near the heat source (stove), and cold air at a distance. In principle, a small house can be heated quite well with a stove, but we will not focus on these systems, but will talk about those that can provide more uniform heating of a large house.
The water heating system is a closed loop through which hot water circulates. The boiler acts as a heating element, pipes diverge from it throughout the house, radiators are installed in each room, through which hot water passes and gives off heat. Having given off heat, the water returns to the boiler, where it heats up, and the cycle repeats.
For a water system, a boiler using any available fuel is suitable. The most common are gas boilers because they are economical. Heating in a private house using natural gas is possible only if a gas main is connected to the house. Another disadvantage is that gas boilers require regular maintenance and control by special services. However, gas heating is in high demand.
If the area is not gasified, you can use solid fuel boiler(coal, firewood, pallets). In this case, the heating will turn out to be completely autonomous and independent of the energy supply. But for storage solid fuel you will have to equip a convenient and dry storage.
Oil boilers, for example, diesel, can also be used for water heating. This method has a number of disadvantages: diesel fuel is very expensive, heating is uneconomical, fuel storage requires a tank buried in the ground, which, despite all the precautions, is a fire hazard.
electric boiler, connected to the central power supply, will also perform its functions well. But if you have already decided to use electricity as an energy carrier, it would be more expedient to install electric radiators in order to directly convert electrical energy into heat without the mediation of water.
For complete furnishing autonomous heating you can use alternative electricity, solar and wind converters, mini-hydro stations and more.
The power of the boiler is selected depending on the area of \u200b\u200bthe house. Approximate characteristics can be seen in the table.
In a water heating system, both water and antifreeze can circulate. Also, the system may have additional elements for its regulation. The expansion tank is used to collect excess fluid, thermostats are needed to control the temperature in front of each radiator, a circulation pump for forced water movement is not always used, as well as an automatic air vent, shut-off and safety valves.
If you are interested in how much it costs to heat a private house, then you can calculate it yourself. First you need to decide on the type of energy carrier. We will consider the option with a gas boiler. So, we need to purchase a boiler, pipes, radiators for each room, an expansion tank, taps, fittings, all the necessary related materials. But before you buy all this, you should draw up a heating scheme for a private house, which will accurately indicate the location of the boiler and radiators, the length of the pipeline, and more. Design work "will cost a pretty penny", permits, approvals, plus installation. As a result, heating in a private house will cost about 9000 - 11000 USD.
The cost of equipment for the heating system will largely depend on the materials. For example, radiators are cast iron, steel,aluminum, from of stainless steel . The cheapest cast iron, they are also the heaviest and short-lived. Stainless steel is the most expensive, few can afford to install them throughout the house. Pipes for laying a heating pipeline are also made of various materials: steel(stainless steel, galvanized steel), copper, polymeric(metal-plastic, polypropylene, polyethylene). The most reliable are copper pipes, as they withstand large temperature differences, and the connection is made by soldering with silver solder. Although polymer pipes are easy to install and are not afraid of corrosion, they have a significant drawback - they are afraid of temperature changes and lose their strength if they are bent. Recently, steel pipes have been used quite rarely, although stainless and galvanized pipes are not afraid of corrosion, are durable and firmly connected.
The cost of materials and work on installing heating in a private house is also affected by the type of water heating system, which can be one-pipe, two-pipe and manifold. We will talk about this below.
The water heating system has several disadvantages: complex and time-consuming installation, regular system maintenance and boiler checks, but it is very popular among country residents compared to other systems.
Steam heating of a private house
The steam heating system is implemented according to the following principle: the boiler heats water under pressure to a boiling state, the resulting steam goes to the radiators through the pipeline, where it gives off its heat, condenses back into water and returns back to the boiler. Air is forced out of the system by hot steam. According to the principle of condensate return in the boiler, two types of systems are distinguished: open (open) and closed (closed). IN open systems there is a tank in which condensate accumulates, and then enters the boiler. In closed systems, the condensate returns to the boiler on its own through a wide pipe.
Important! Steam heating is not used in private residential buildings. "Steam" is mistakenly called "water" heating. In fact, a steam heating boiler is a huge unit, the size of a room, it is very difficult to operate, and also dangerous. Such heating is used only in enterprises where steam is needed for production needs. Even in this case, the heat-releasing elements are carefully isolated from the person, since the steam temperature is 115 ° C.
An air heating system can be installed in a house only at the construction stage; this is not possible in a finished residential building.
The principle of operation of this system is as follows: the heat generator heats the air, which then rises through the air ducts into the premises and exits under the ceiling in such a way as to displace the cold air that has accumulated near the window or door. Cold air is forced out into the air ducts leading to the heat generator. This is how circulation occurs, which can be gravitational or forced.
Gravity circulation occurs due to the temperature difference when the volume warm air large enough, it displaces the cold towards the air ducts. The disadvantage of this method is that when windows or doors are open, circulation is disturbed.
For forced circulation A fan is used to increase air pressure.
The figure shows the heating of a private two-story house with the help of air.
The heat generator can burn natural gas, kerosene or diesel. At the same time, natural gas can be both from the main line and bottled. The products of combustion go into the chimney.
To freshen the air, the system is mixed fresh air, the fence of which can be carried out outside the premises.
Air ducts can be made of metal, plastic or textile, and also have a round or rectangular shape. According to the structure, air ducts are rigid and flexible. Air ducts adjacent to external walls or unheated rooms must be thermally insulated. In order to correctly calculate how the air heating system of the house should be located, what should be the size of the air ducts, what is the topology of the network, you should contact the experts. The arrangement of such a system for a two-story house can cost 11,000 USD.
Electric heating of a private house
Heating a house with electricity can be implemented in several ways: using electric convectors, underfloor heating systems, infrared long-wave heaters(ceiling).
Heating a house with electricity cannot be called economical. Sometimes they even equip a water heating system and connect it to an electric boiler. This method has a significant drawback: high energy costs and heat loss. Therefore, it is advised to install an electric boiler as a spare in addition to the gas one (subject to the presence of a gas main).
But if there is no other available energy source, you have to use what you have. Then it will be more economical and expedient to use not a boiler, but immediately electric convectors.
To calculate the number of necessary devices, you should know the volume of the room and the degree of its thermal insulation. For example, for heating a house of 100 m2, with a ceiling height of 3 m, the volume is 300 m3, if the room is poorly insulated, its heating demand is 40 W/m3. In total, we multiply the volume of the room by the need, we get 12,000 watts. This need can be met by installing 4 convectors of 2.5 kW each and 1 convector - 2 kW. The cost of equipment is approximately 1300 - 1500 USD. This is much less than the arrangement of water heating with a gas boiler, but it is much less economical when paying for energy.
The disadvantage of using electric convectors is the uneven heating of the room: it is cold near the floor, and hot air accumulates near the ceiling. To evenly warm the room, you can additionally install a "warm floor" system.
Scheme of the heating system of a private house with a liquid coolant
The water heating system can be single-loop or double-circuit. Single-circuit is used only for heating, and double-circuit for heating and heating water for household needs. In practice, in private houses, two single-circuit systems are most often installed: one - purely for heating water, the second - for heating. This is also convenient because the second boiler does not work during the non-heating season.
According to the principle of water movement in the system, one-pipe, two-pipe and collector systems are distinguished.
One-pipe water heating system
In a single-pipe system, water passes sequentially from one radiator to another. At the same time, in each subsequent radiator, the temperature of the coolant will be lower and lower. In the latter, it may not be enough to heat the room. This system is practically not amenable to adjustment, since by blocking access to one radiator, water access to all the others will be blocked. Also, if one radiator fails, you will have to completely turn off the system, bleed water, and only then change it to a new one or repair it.
Two-pipe water heating system
A two-pipe system is able to heat the house more efficiently, since two pipes fit each radiator: one with hot water, and through the other, cooled water leaves. In this case, the hot water pipe is connected to all radiators in parallel. If you install taps in front of each radiator, you can turn off any radiator from the system. The last radiator to which the hot water pipe is connected will have a lower temperature than the first one, but the losses will be negligible compared to a single pipe system.
Collector system of water heating
Collector system implies that pipes go from the collector to each radiator separately: one with hot water, the other cooled water returns. This system allows you to regulate the temperature in any room, as well as easily replace or repair any part of the system without turning off the heating. The collector system is the most progressive. Its only drawback: the additional installation of a collector cabinet and a large consumption of pipes.
Installation of a heating system for a private house
First of all, you should decide which heating system is best done in concrete house. The most optimal solution would be to install the system, the energy carrier for which is more accessible and economical, economical heating a private home is very important for many. For example, if gas is supplied to the house, then you can install water system heating with two boilers: one - gas (main), the second - electric (spare) or solid fuel, in order to be completely energy independent in case of force majeure.
At the next stage, you should contact the design bureau, where they will make the appropriate calculations, draw up project documentation and drawings for heating a private house. Only then can you buy necessary equipment and materials.
The first step is to install a heating boiler. For any boilers where there will be combustion products, except for electric ones, it is necessary to equip the boiler room. This is a separate room, or a room in the basement, in which good ventilation. The boiler is installed at a distance from the walls to provide free access. The floor and walls around the boiler are lined with refractory material. A chimney is taken out from the boiler to the street.
Further installation of heating in a private house consists in installing a circulation pump (if necessary), a distribution manifold (if provided by the system), measuring and control devices near the boiler.
Only then do pipelines lead from the boiler to the installation sites of radiators. To pass the pipes through the walls, you will have to make holes in them, which, after the pipes are stretched, must be covered cement mortar. The connection of pipes is made based on the material of their manufacture.
The radiators are installed last. They are installed on brackets necessarily under the window opening. If the radiator is not large enough to cover the opening, two radiators should be installed or sections should be added if possible. The distance from the floor should be 10 - 12 cm, from the wall 2 - 5 cm, and from the window sill to the radiator - 10 cm. We install shut-off and control fittings and temperature sensors at the inlet and outlet of the radiator so that you can regulate the temperature and block the movement of water.
After installation of all structural elements, the system is pressure tested. The first start-up of the boiler is possible only in the presence of a representative of the gas organization.
In conclusion, I would like to note that it is better to choose a heating system taking into account two factors: the availability and low cost of an energy carrier and the autonomy of the system in case of force majeure. Installing a heating system in a private house is such a responsible and complicated matter that it is not recommended to do it yourself. At least the most important thing - calculations, diagrams and the project must be performed by professionals. And to save money, you can try to install the elements of the system yourself, but under the strict guidance of the master.
A country house is the dream of every city dweller. This type of real estate has a lot of advantages over an apartment, ranging from the lack of noisy neighbors and ending with the picturesque surrounding landscapes. But one of the fundamental advantages of living outside the city is still the ability to choose and implement the most productive and inexpensive heating system.
The most common and popular heating scheme for a private cottage today is water heating with a lower wiring. Of course, since its inception a hundred years ago, it has undergone significant changes and modernization, acquired several modifications, and therefore there is plenty to choose from. Moreover, of all the existing schemes, it is the water scheme that is distinguished by the most optimal combination of “price-efficiency” parameters.
Home water heating systems: heat generators, features
The basis of the water heating scheme of a private house is a fuel unit - a boiler. As a rule, the choice of one or another type of heat generators is selected depending on the mass of parameters, including the personal preferences of property owners, the characteristics of the region and the availability of one or another type of fuel.
Often, all kinds of solid and liquid fuel units, gas or electric devices are used in the water heating of a cottage. It should be noted that solid fuel and gas boilers are the most popular in our country, since fuel for them has the most affordable cost and, importantly, it is affordable - it is common in all regions.
In addition to the boiler itself, other elements are also used in the water heating of the house. So, for example, if the house has stove heating, then a variety of coils, registers and hollow built-in elements will help to upgrade it to water. In this case, the resulting circuit can already be called a combined one, distinguished by its simplicity and increased efficiency.
There is no fundamental difference in the procedure for installing the heating system, depending on the type of boiler. Simply follow the manufacturer's instructions.
In addition, due to the fact that water heating in a private house has quite universal design, it is possible to install two or even three heat generators in parallel - this will achieve maximum performance, make the circuit completely autonomous, eliminate even the slightest risk of being left without heat in the cold winter season.
Advice. With such parallel connection boilers, it is important to consider the installation of a special automation system, which will help to ensure switching between units when one of the fuels stops supplying.
Water heating and natural circulation of the coolant
The most simple and affordable option water heating of a private house, which can be done without any problems and costs with your own hands. It cannot be said that the instructions for such a system do not involve any complex design and installation work, it implies the use of only available materials and accessories.
If we talk about the principle of operation, then for water heating with natural circulation of the coolant, it is extremely simple. The water heated in the boiler rises up the pipeline (due to the difference in temperature differences), gradually entering all the radiators located around the house, while the cooled water returns to the heat generator again. Provided without the use of additional equipment.
Advice. When using a scheme with natural circulation of the coolant, it is important to ensure that the main pipelines are laid with a certain slope.
Often, 3-5 degrees per 1 linear meter (about 10 mm) will be enough.
Otherwise, the system will work, but the efficiency will be significantly reduced, which will lead to extra costs fuel.
The wiring can be done metal pipes different diameters - the choice depends on the characteristics of the boiler and radiators. A prerequisite can also be called a decrease in the cross section of the pipes towards the most extreme point of the heating circuit - the last radiator.
The pipe through which the water heated in the boiler is supplied to the system must be installed in such a way that its slope towards the radiators is maximum. The return point to the heat generator is made as low as possible in relation to the batteries - this is done for fast and efficient circulation of the coolant. This can be done by installing a thermal unit in the basement or basement.
Another integral attribute of a natural circulation water heating scheme is an expansion tank. Unlike a boiler, a similar unit is installed at the highest point of the cottage, the best option is the attic. It is possible to use hydroaccumulating tanks, but in this case it is important to ensure the installation of additional equipment, such as pressure gauges, air and safety valves.
Advice. Since in many houses the attic is not heated during the cold season, it is important to take care of the insulation of the expansion tank.
In this case, you can use heaters of the most various types, their choice in our time is extremely wide. The main requirement is resistance to high temperatures (up to 90C).
In addition to distributing water heating at home, plastic ones can also be used. Such pipes are easy to install, therefore, the installation time will be less.
Forced circulation in water heating systems
Another option for arranging heating a country cottage is a water heating scheme in a private house with forced circulation of the coolant. The main distinguishing feature is the presence of a special circulation pump.
The device allows you to achieve more efficient and high-quality pumping of water in the system, to ensure its supply even to the highest points of the house without loss of heat (especially good for cottages with two or three floors).
Unlike schemes with natural circulation, heating with forced movement of the coolant is not too demanding on the slope of the pipes. And the efficiency of such systems is almost 20-30% higher than that of those where water moves along highways through natural circulation.
With the forced movement of the coolant, hydroaccumulating tanks are used instead of traditional ones. Since the pressure in pipes and radiators can increase up to 1.5-2 atm, it is important to provide for the installation of special safety devices: safety and air valves, pressure gauges, etc.
On both sides of the circulation pump should be located shut-off valves, due to which it is possible to ensure the shutdown of the coolant supply to the system.
The main types of water heating wiring
To date, there are several main options for piping around the house when using water heating:
- Single pipe. The so-called "Leningrad", in which one pipe connects all the heaters in the house in the direction of the coolant. Such a scheme is chosen for simplicity, minimal financial (the price of highways is generally lower) and labor costs.
But at the same time, the heating of the radiators is uneven, and it is impossible to regulate the temperature in each of the batteries;
- Two-pipe. The connection of heating radiators is made by two pipes laid parallel to the movement of water in the system.
The advantages include the ability to quickly adjust the temperature, quick and uniform heating of the premises, accessibility; - Collector arrangement of pipes. It has its own supply and return pipeline, connected together with the help of special distribution manifolds.
Feature - beautiful appearance, full control over all the batteries in the house from the switch cabinet.
The main advantages of water heating of the cottage
As you can see in the photo and video of country houses on our website, water heating schemes are used quite often in our country.
There are many reasons for this widespread use:
- The ability to perform installation work on the arrangement of home heating at any stage of construction. In addition, even in a finished house, water heating is installed without any problems;
- Water itself has excellent qualities when used as a heat transfer medium. High thermal conductivity, availability and low cost, along with unique heat capacity, make water the best choice;
- Versatility, the ability to use different types of fuel to heat the coolant in the heating circuit;
- Large selection of piping options in water heating schemes. You can choose a certain type depending on the mass of parameters, ranging from the area of \u200b\u200bthe cottage and ending with financial capabilities;
- A variety of equipment for arranging home heating;
- Accurate and quick adjustment of the air temperature in each of the rooms of a private house. It is provided by the installation of special equipment, namely temperature controllers and shut-off valves.
Conclusion
Today, there is simply no more affordable or effective alternative to water heating of a private house. It should be noted that every year more and more new heat generators, pipelines and radiators appear, due to which the efficiency of the scheme increases, while its cost decreases almost several times compared to other options.
