The compressor can be used in a wide variety of applications − for tire inflation, airbrushing, painting spare parts etc. Possessing necessary tools and certain technical knowledge, it is quite possible to independently manufacture this unit based on a conventional refrigerator. A homemade compressor gives about 7 atmospheres, which is quite enough for an ordinary garage workshop, so many people are increasingly thinking about how to make such a compressor? Do-it-yourself refrigerator compressor it will turn out to be quite quiet and, most importantly, cheap at its cost.
On average, the manufacture of this unit will require about one thousand rubles for all accessories.
Before trying to make ours out of an old refrigerator, you need to compare these two options, i.e. , sold in specialized stores, and our homemade version. In total it is possible to distinguish a few major differences between them:
- The design of the factory compressor contains Electrical engine, transmitting torque to the working chamber through a belt drive. Concerning homemade compressor, then it consists of a housing and the engine itself, without belts.
- In the factory version, automatic pressure relief systems, inlet and outlet filters, pressure gauges, etc. are already installed. In the compressor from the refrigerator, you will have to install the adjusting equipment yourself, taking into account all the features.
- Although most factory compressors are equipped automatic systems, in some budget models this feature is not implemented. In other words, these units will have to be turned off on their own, marking the time by the clock. Homemade compressors are mainly equipped with a protective relay that turns off the engine when there is a risk of overheating.
- In some factory models, any lubrication may be completely absent. Of course, they have a small motor resource, but there are no various exhausts. This circumstance is very important, especially if the spray gun behaves rather capriciously, not tolerating various impurities. As for homemade compressors, there is plenty of this oil. By the way, you need to pay attention to which one to fill in - synthetics are very poorly combined with the usual, so you do not need to pour everything that is horrible.
- The main feature of a homemade compressor is that it works very quietly, especially if you put all the tubes on it correctly, observing tightness. As for factory compressors, they behave more noisily, so its use is only possible outside the home.
- The cost of manufacturing a homemade compressor is very low, because we take the main components from old technology, and the control equipment will cost us one thousand rubles. As for the factory compressor, the situation is different.
- It is not possible to make any technical changes to the factory compressor. In other words, if the unit is not powerful enough, then it can only be used as a pump for, no more. Homemade options the good thing is that you can add some details to them, for example, a large receiver, so you can significantly increase the power of the device.
- Factory compressor are complete technical device, so any improvisation with it is impossible. With a home-made unit, you can do almost everything - take some parts out of the case, or hide everything in one box, and attach a handle on top for easy transportation.
- You can install a fan on a homemade compressor so that it cools the device from the outside.
Read also: Overview of chargers for finger-type batteries
Most refrigeration compressors have some limitations in terms of their work. There are several modes in total:
- Normal - 16 to 32 C.
- Subnormal - 10 to 32 C.
- Tropical - from 18 to 43 C.
- Subtropical - from 18 to 38 C.
However, combined modes are more common, having a different range.
Thus, a homemade compressor can be much more efficient than factory, in terms of working with air.In the video, a version of a home-made compressor for pumping wheels
Dismantling works
To make a homemade compressor from the refrigerator, you need to make initial preparations. It consists in certain dismantling works, i.e. we just need to remove the compressor from the refrigerator itself. It is located behind the refrigerator, in its lower part. To remove, we need an elementary set of tools: pliers, box wrenches and two screwdrivers (plus and minus).
The compressor is located between the tubes that are connected to the cooling system. These tubes must be cut off with pliers, but in no case should they be sawn off with a hacksaw. The fact is that with this method, small chips are inevitably formed, which can get inside the compensator.
Then we proceed to the removal of the starting relay - this is an ordinary black box, with wires sticking out of it. We unscrew the fasteners, then we bite the wires that lead to the plug. We must not forget to mark the top and bottom of the starting relay - this will come in handy in the future. By the way, we also pick up all the fasteners along with the unit itself.
Health check
After we removed the compressor, it is necessary check its performance.The fact is that we are removing the device from an old refrigerator, so we need to make sure that our unit is still “alive”. So, we flatten the tubes with pliers - this is necessary in order for air flow to pass through them. Next, we need to put the starting relay in the position in which it stood in the design of the refrigerator. This is very important, because if the position is incorrect, there is a risk of damage to the device, as well as failure of the compressor winding.
There are wires on the relay case to which you need to fasten a piece of wire with a plug. It is better to wrap the junction with electrical tape to eliminate the risk of electric shock. Plug in the device. If you did everything right, then the compressor will work, and air will come out of its tubes. By the way, it is necessary to mark from which tube the air flow comes out, and into which it goes.
Step-by-step instruction
Before proceeding to self-manufacturing, you need to make sure you have everything necessary materials and tools.We invite you to watch the video detailed description process of one of the manufacturing options
Read also: We select oil for the air compressor
In addition to the compressor itself, which we previously removed from the refrigerator, we need:
- Receiver. In this case, you can use the body of an old fire extinguisher, or weld the body from sheet metal and pipes.
- Various hoses. At the same time, the length of one hose must be at least 600 mm, and the other two - about 100 mm. In this case, you can take the hoses from the car.
- Various consumables - gasoline and diesel filters, wire, clamps, pressure gauge and epoxy.
- Related toolkit, i.e. screwdrivers, pliers, drills, etc.
- In addition, we need an ordinary wooden board, which will be the basis of the whole structure. We attach the compressor to it using ordinary screws. Fastening should be carried out exactly in the same position that he occupied in the design of the refrigerator.
We take any plastic container of a suitable volume (from 3 liters or more). In the upper part, you need to drill a couple of holes for the size of the outlet tubes. We insert the tubes, after which we fill everything with epoxy. The inlet tube, into which air enters, must be located in such a way that there is about 200 mm from its end to the bottom of the receiver. The outlet tube must be immersed ten centimeters inward.
This is a description of a plastic receiver, but for greater tightness, it is best to make a receiver in an iron case. In this case, there is no need to fill everything with resin, and the hoses are simply welded. In addition, only a pressure gauge can be installed on an iron receiver.
To install it, you need to drill a hole for the nut on the receiver case. We insert it, and then brew it. Only then we screw the pressure gauge into this nut, after which the work is completed. Now we attach the receiver to our base with a wire. The scheme will be something like this:
There are quite a lot of photos and videos of its work on the Internet, for example, it is shown how it is used in airbrushing and for painting various parts, so the expediency of its manufacture is quite obvious. Finally, we need to add a few extra touches to our device.
It is necessary to take one of the hoses, which is ten centimeters long, and put it on the filter. If this is difficult, you can slightly heat the end of the hose to make it easier to put on the fitting. We put the second end of the hose on the inlet of our device. In this case, the filter will protect against dust entering the case. The second 10 cm hose must be connected to the inlet of the receiver and the outlet of the compressor. In this case, it is better to tighten the joints with clamps. Our third hose must be put on the diesel filter, and the other end must be inserted into the outlet of the receiver. At the same time, the free filter fitting will later be connected to various equipment for airbrushing, a spray gun for painting, etc.
Another video on the topic
Some technical data and service features
It is rather difficult to say unambiguously what kind of pressure this or that compressor will show. Much depends on the specific brand and the operational life of the device itself. By the way, old units show even higher performance than modern ones.
Read also: We repair Resant voltage stabilizers with our own hands
Maintenance of our homemade device is very important point in operation.The main work will be to replace diesel and gasoline filters, as well as to change the oil in the device. The design of the compressors, as a rule, has three copper tubes. We used two of them earlier, and the third remained untouched. It is the shortest and soldered at the end. So, the oil is drained through it. To do this, it is necessary to cut off the soldered part, and then drain the processing. Filling is done through it.
Does the compressor need to be repaired?
As for the repair of the resulting device, then here everyone decides for himself- whether it makes sense to mess with it or not.
The repair will consist of ringing the relay, as well as changing the oil in the device. If the manipulations did not help, then there is absolutely no need to invent something else. It is best to throw out the used device, and then make a new one. Moreover, the issue price is no more than 1000-1500 rubles.
Conclusion
In principle, we figured out how to make a compressor from a refrigerator.
The feasibility of its manufacture is difficult to overestimate, because with the help of this device can be produced various works airbrushing, tire inflation, painting various components and other works that require pressure force.An additional advantage is that such a device can be used at home, because it makes little noise. In fact, this is the same refrigerator, only without unnecessary body parts.
Compressors recommended for ordering are listed below:
Description and characteristics
CALIBER KMK-800/9
Compressor type - piston oil
Engine type - electric
Power - 800 W
Max. compressor capacity - 110 l/min
Min. pressure - 0.2 bar
Max. pressure - 8 bar
Receiver volume - 9 l
Drive (type) - direct
In the garage of a car enthusiast, you can find many useful and not very useful tools. In addition to the usual set, an air compressor will also be useful. It is suitable for car painting, tire inflation, air supply for pneumatic tool operation. Let's see how to make a car with your own hands. We will also find out how it is arranged and on what principle it works.
Compressed air to help the car enthusiast
Air compressors are quite useful in workshops and garages. There is always a task for these devices. This can be banal cleaning, cleaning from dust that has formed after grinding, or creating air pressure for the operation of various air tools. Most compressors are used for painting. This imposes some requirements on the device.
Air flow and spray painting
For work with paint, the air flow must be as uniform as possible. Also, the compressed air stream must not contain water particles, oil impurities or other oil products. The presence of suspended and solid particles is unacceptable in the flow.
Sometimes when painting you can see defects. Often this is graininess on a freshly applied coat of paint. This happens due to the fact that there were foreign particles in the stream. If paint streaks or dull spots are observed, then this is a sign of uneven supply of paint, enamel or varnish.
Branded or homemade?
What is the difference between a proprietary compressor? Its characteristics are ideal for working with an airbrush or spray gun, but factory products cost serious money. If the device is needed infrequently, then you can save a little and make a unit that will not be inferior to factory models.
The principle of operation of the compressor
Both professional and self-made devices work on the same principle. In a container for storing compressed air, which is called a receiver, an excess pressure level is created. The air itself can be blown into the receiver both automatically and manually.
If you work in manual mode, then it is certainly very cheap in finance, but it will require serious energy costs. You also need to constantly monitor this process. After such work, it is unlikely that you will want to do anything else.
If you use the mechanisms for pumping air, then this will facilitate the process. There are no drawbacks here, you just need to change the oil in air pump depending on the regulation.
Further, the compressed air flow passes through the outlet valve of the compressor or in this case the receiver and is directly supplied either to the airbrush, or to the car chamber, or to the pneumatic tool. In general, the principle is very simple, and therefore the simplest working model can be built in a couple of minutes.
Homemade compressor
Let's look at how to make the simplest compressor for painting a car with your own hands. As one of the options, we will try to make a device for painting work from a car chamber. To create, we need a receiver, a supercharger, a spool from a damaged camera, a repair kit, an awl. When everything you need is assembled and prepared for work, you can start assembling.
At the assembly stage, you need to check the tightness of the chamber. To do this, you can use a car pump. Every motorist knows how to do it. If the rubber holds the air pumped into it, you can proceed to the next step.
If air leaks are found, then you can use a repair kit or vulcanize the hole with raw rubber.
At the next stage, in the so-called receiver, it is required to make holes for another spool. It will be the outlet valve. This fitting can be glued using the same pre-stocked repair kit. This valve is connected to the airbrush. The nipple must be unscrewed from the fitting. The compressor circuit provides for the free passage of air. We will not unscrew the nipple in the main spool. He will keep the pressure.
Then, by the method of scientific poke, we will try to determine the required pressure level in our receiver. For this, a spray gun is used. If the paint lays down evenly, without jerks, streaks or anything else, then everything is done correctly. It is desirable to control the amount of excess pressure in the receiver. When you press the airbrush button, the level should not jump.
As you can see, this is the most primitive compressor for painting a car with your own hands. Now you can create masterpieces or just repaint the body.
It is not difficult to assemble this unit, and its usefulness can be seen during various repairs. If you have used for painting before, then you will definitely be able to appreciate all the advantages.
Just remember that in no case should liquid, dust or anything else get into the spray gun and into the camera. In the event of a violation, dust or moisture will mix with the paint, and the work will have to be redone. Then no adjustment of the spray gun will help. It will be more convenient if our camera is fixed on something. This will prevent her from moving across the floor.
This model works great, and it is already quite usable. But even better, with small changes, make the injection system automatic. Next, we will learn how to make the compressor more serious.
Semi-professional equipment
Professionals say that such handicraft equipment has a huge resource and service life, unlike factory models of foreign brands and domestic manufacturers. But this is understandable, because, knowing the scheme of work, if any part fails, it can be easily replaced. Let's see how to make a compressor that can be used professionally.
What is needed for assembly?
So. Here you will need readily available spare parts for the compressor. This is a pressure gauge, as well as a gearbox with a filter. You also need a relay to control the pressure in the chamber, a fuel filter from a car, a water quad with a ¾ internal thread. In addition, you should pick up threaded adapters, car clamps, a motor, a receiver tank, 10w40 oil, a toggle switch for 220 V, brass tubes, and oil-resistant rubber hoses. These compressor parts can easily be found in the garage.
Thick wood will be used as the basis for the unit. You will also need a syringe from the nearest pharmacy, anti-corrosion liquid, fasteners, sealants and FUM tape, paint, a needle file, wheels from an office chair and a filter from the auto power system.
So, knowing the principle of operation of the compressor, it's time to start building. Let's start with the blower.
Engine as supercharger
We will use a compressor from old refrigerators as a motor. Often it already has a built-in starting relay, which in our case is very convenient. So automatically it will be supported the right pressure in the receiver chamber. It is better to use a motor from old Soviet cooling units. They have higher performance compared to imported products.
Preparatory procedures
Feel free to get the executive part out of your old refrigerator. Naturally, you need to clean the part, because over the years the block has managed to acquire centuries of dust, and also, possibly, to rust. After cleaning, you can treat the body with a rust converter to save the block from corrosion. So, the preparation for painting is done.
Change the lubricant in the actuating unit. It is rare that a refrigerator received service according to the regulations. This system is almost completely isolated from environmental influences. Semi-synthetic is suitable for changing the oil. It is no worse than specialized compressor fluids.
Inlet, outlet and oil change
Must have tubes. Two of them are open, one is soldered. Open tubes are used for air inlet and outlet. To find out which handset is the input and which is the output, you can briefly turn on the power. Next, remember which of the tubes releases air.
The refrigerator compressor circuit says that the lubricant needs to be changed through a sealed tube. You should very carefully cut off the end of the tube with a needle file. It is necessary to saw so that the chips do not get inside. Next, the tip must be broken off and drained into some jar of old grease. Then, using a pharmacy syringe, fill in more lubricant than poured out.
In order for the unit to work properly, the lubrication tube must be sealed. A screw of a suitable diameter will help us with this. It must be wrapped with a pre-prepared FUM tape and screwed into a long-suffering pipe.
Next, attach this device to the board using the prepared fasteners. The electronic part is very sensitive to position. Therefore, the top cover of the relay is marked with an arrow. The operating modes will only switch if the setting is correct.
Choosing a container for the receiver
As practice shows, it works best for painting if a used fire extinguisher is used as an air container. These cylinders are good because they contain the necessary margin of safety. In addition, the fire extinguisher is designed for. This choice is also good because you can place various attachments. Take, for example, a metal 10-liter cylinder from OU-10. It holds a pressure of 15 MPa and has high strength.
Fire extinguisher preparation
Immediately boldly twist the lock-starter, we will not need it. And you need to screw the adapter into place, having previously wound the FUM tape onto the thread. If the body is rusted, you need to treat the rust with either chemistry or sandpaper.
Outside, in the fight against corrosion, everything is very, very simple. What about corrosion inside? Pour the cleaner into the bottle, and then you need to mix the product very well. Next, screw the cross from the water supply. And don't forget to seal threaded connections. Now everything is almost ready.
We mount attachments
We almost made a compressor for painting a car with our own hands. To make it convenient to move, the best option is to mount all the nodes and parts on one platform. We have it wood plate. The motor from the refrigerator is already fixed on it, and now you need to place a fire extinguisher-receiver there.
In the plate, it is necessary to make holes for fasteners in advance. The motor from the refrigerator is already fixed with studs and nuts. The fire extinguisher must be placed vertically. To do this, you can use plywood. This will require three sheets.
In the first sheet, cut a hole suitable for the diameter of the balloon. Fix the rest on the plate. Next, fix these plates to the plate along with the sheet with the hole using glue. To make the fire extinguisher conveniently located on the platform, you can make a recess under the bottom. To make our device manoeuvrable, take out the cooked furniture wheels and screw them onto the platform.
Protection against dust and small debris
Naturally, the equipment must be protected from dust as much as possible. To do this, we will use a car. The filter must be mounted in the air intake.
How to do it? We use a rubber hose. It should tightly compress the autofilter fitting and the compressor inlet pipe from the refrigerator. On the inlet tube, you can not clamp the hose with clamps. There is no high pressure.
Moisture protection
An oil separator must be installed at the outlet. It will not allow liquid or oil particles to get into the system. To do this, you can apply a filter from the diesel power system. The connection is made using the same hose. But here it is already necessary to strengthen the connections with a clamp, because there will be decent pressure at the outlet.
denouement
The diesel filter must be connected to the reducer input. It is necessary to untie the pressure at the inlet and outlet of the refrigeration compressor. To do this, the high pressure outlet of the supercharger must be screwed into the left and right side of the crosspiece.
We fix the pressure gauge
A manometer is fixed at the top entrance of the crosspiece. On it we will perform pressure control. You also need to tighten the adjusting relays. Do not forget that the threads must be sealed.
Relay importance
This device makes it possible to regulate pressure levels over a wide range. It can, if necessary, interrupt the power supply to the refrigeration motor. For these purposes, either PM5 or RDM5 is suitable. Both devices will start the motor if the pressure drops and turn off when it rises. The pressure level is adjusted using the springs on top. So, with the help of a large one we set the minimum levels, and a small one - the maximum limits.
Electricity
To make it all work, we connect the neutral power wire to the relay, and connect the second wire to the refrigeration engine.
Pass the phase wire through the toggle switch to the second contact of the compressor. This will allow you to turn off the power faster. Naturally, after connecting, you need to securely insulate all this.
So we made a compressor for painting a car with our own hands. It remains only to paint, adjust and test it.
Adjustment and first tests
After assembling all this together, you can safely proceed to the first tests. Connect an actuator to the output of the unit. Then plug the cord into the outlet, set the relay to the very minimum and turn on the toggle switch. Look at the pressure gauge. If you are convinced that the relay turns off the motor, you can check the tightness. To do this, use the old-fashioned way with soap.
If everything is fine, then bleed the air from the receiver. When the pressure drops, the relay should start the motor. If everything works, then painting with an airbrush will no longer cause difficulties.
First samples
To test the unit in operation, any unnecessary detail. There is no need for any surface preparation. It is important to determine the working pressure by trial and error. With the help of experiments, determine the figure at which there is enough pressure for a complete painting without frequent switching on of the motor.
As you can see, it is quite easy to make for painting. This unit can already be fully used for professional activities. The costs will definitely pay off soon. The compressor is needed not only for painting work. It has a very wide range of applications. A semi-automatic system will allow you not to be distracted from work.
Spray guns
In addition to the compressor, airbrushes will also be needed for painting work. To do this, you need to purchase a pneumatic model. A properly selected airbrush will allow you to successfully carry out work. The tool should be selected based on the characteristics of the compressor.
An airbrush for a car should be correctly selected in accordance with the working pressure. If the choice is wrong, the pressure will drop too quickly, and the quality of work will be very low. There are several technologies that are used in this tool. They need to be selected based on the task. For example, modern LVLP technology makes it possible to use paint very economically with a small air consumption, and the surface will be of high quality.
How to set up the spray gun?
High-quality painting is possible only with properly configured equipment. The spray gun setting allows you to change the width of the torch, air pressure, as well as the paint supply.
With the width of the torch, everything is very clear. Maximum width - maximum speed, even overlap. For touch-ups, the flame is reduced, but the air supply is also reduced.
Adjusting the flow of paint is also easy. Many experts open it to the maximum. But the air supply can be problematic. For the correct setting, you will need a compressor, instructions for a specific spray gun. It is necessary to use a sheet of drawing paper and direct a jet from the spray gun at it. If the flame is in the shape of a figure eight, reduce the pressure. If the paint is dripping, add it. Find the best position.
Today in everyday life there are many various kinds compressors for which various gases are used. It has the greatest popularity, which is also actively used by car owners for painting a car or pumping car wheels, since it is less convenient to use a manual pump for the same purposes. Next, we will consider how to make a compressor for painting a car yourself and what the procedure for its manufacture is.
DIY homemade compressor
Compressor motor and electronics. Click on photo to enlarge
A small hole is cut in the chamber itself, later a nipple will be located in it for electric or hand pump, which will be used to paint the car. At the entrance, it should be done with a nipple, while the second one is glued without a nipple, a sprayer will be connected to it. The degree of air compression is subject to fine adjustment empirically. To do this, an experimental batch of paint is sprayed onto the surface of the wall or any other. After a suitable pressure level is found, the pump is disconnected, and it is important to make sure that the pressure has not changed.
It is also important to consider that the camera needs to be firmly fixed, since it will not be in a stable position on the floor. This option will allow you to create a simple tool with which you can easily fix minor flaws in the paintwork on a car.
Homemade compressor with your own hands. Option 2
This case involves using a tube car tire (or tube itself) as well as a pump.
Homemade compressor. Click on photo to enlarge
In this case, the use of a chamber with or without a tire depends on how much pressure you need to get from homemade car. A small hole is cut in the chamber, into which another nipple is glued (raw rubber is quite suitable for this). One nipple must be equipped with a nipple for air injection, and a hose from the sprayer is attached to the second (outlet).
The pressure is regulated by a barometer built into the pump. Next, you need to spray paint on the wall to determine the required pressure. After that, slightly unscrew the hose from the pump so that during pressing the pressure of the sprayer does not noticeably change. The exception is autopumps with a built-in bleeder, in which case the pressure will be constant.
Manufacture of complex compressors. Method 1
For the manufacture of a complex compressor, you can use any electric motor from a refrigeration device (if it burns out, then only a piston mechanism needs to be used).
Example small compressor. Click on photo to enlarge
To extract it, the body is cut in two places with a hacksaw, and then the fixing bolts are unscrewed and the stator and pump with the rotor are removed.
Due to the fact that there is no need for a rotor, it can be knocked off the crankshaft, but if the design is equipped with a belt drive to the pump, then pulleys with prismatic keys, fixed with M6 bolts, are put on the pump crankshaft and motor shaft tails.
Keyways need to be milled on all shafts and can also be drilled using an optional 14mm bore bushing. It is put on over the shank, after which a hole with a diameter of 5 mm is drilled exactly along the joint, then the sleeve is removed. In cross section, the keyways have a semicircular shape, so the keys should be given the same shape.
How to make a frame for a structure?
The compressor frame can be made using two channels tied with crossbars from steel plates on screws. The pump is fixed to the frame with four bolts with bushings (their height can be adjusted directly on site), after which the motor is mounted on the base plate.
The frame allows the V-belt to be tensioned by moving it along the adjustment holes. If the air tube is long enough, then there is no need to use a receiver - it can be used as an oil sump.
Manufacture of complex compressors. Method 2
Compressor device. Click on photo to enlarge
For this method of making a homemade compressor for painting, an empty five-liter cylinder is useful for gas stove. Take the receiver, compressor and wheels, they must be fixed on the base. The frame can be welded using rectangular tubes with a cross section of 40x25 mm, and in the absence of a pipe, steel corners can be used. We attach wheels to the base for ease of movement of the structure. To adjust the pressure in a working compressor from a refrigeration device, visual control is required using a pressure gauge.
It is also important to set the limiter at a suitable level. A nipple, a pressure gauge and two fittings (one for the inlet, the other for the outlet) are combined by a base on a solid metal bar with four drilled holes that are connected in one channel. The holes should be threaded for each element. The block itself is fixed with two screws on the surface of the frame. Thus, compressed air is sent to the receiver through the hose.
A slightly shortened valve can be left in the used gas cylinder. The valve should be removed from it, replacing it with a copper tube. From the inside, a PVC pipe leading to the bottom of the receiver should be put on it. With its help, moisture and oil vapors are separated.
In order for the condensate to drain from the receiver, a plugged hole must be made in the bottom, for this an M8 nut is welded and a bolt is tightened. Welding can only be started after all residual explosive gas has been expelled from it. To do this, it must be filled with water. The second copper tube, located in the M6 threaded hole in the valve, transfers air to the splitter, which transfers it directly to the consumer (to the spray gun, to the camera, to the ball, etc.) To start the engine, you can use a standard start relay, pre-attached on the frame. When painting with a gun, you can direct moisture vapor into the hose using a fine fuel filter for a car, it has the ability to retain moisture. Also, before starting work, it is important to check if there is any condensate in the receiver. Ready-made compressor for painting cars is almost silent and very compact.
Making complex compressors with your own hands. Method 3
Scheme of the compressor unit. Click on photo to enlarge
The role of the main mechanism in this version is played by a two-cylinder compressor from ZIL-130. The muffler from the KrAZ car will serve as the bearing and forming part. In design, it is a receiver. A simple frame made of a 35x35 mm corner is attached to it, on which corners and mechanisms are located.
Under the receiver there are several crossbars and the aforementioned corners, they are connected to the frame with studs, self-orienting wheels are attached to the ends.
Stage I
To convert the muffler from KrAZ into a receiver on the compressor unit, it is necessary to weld the inlet and outlet holes with plugs, then drill several holes for the M14x1 mm thread on the outlet, and screw two fittings on the sealant into them. Initially, an intermediate receiver based on an oxygen cylinder is mounted.
Its task is to absorb moisture and oils contained in compressed air. In order for it to work more efficiently, it is necessary to equip a threaded drain hole at the bottom of the device, and then block it with a sealed plug. In this case, the balloon can be removed.
Stage II
The compressor drive uses a three-phase electric motor alternating current. Suitable power is 1kW with 1380 rpm. with the windings attached to it in the form of a triangle. It should be converted to work with household power supply (voltage 220 V), but ideally the motor should be single-phase. In order for it to easily start and not overheat, it must be equipped with a starting and working capacitor bank, and then connected according to the indicated scheme.
The launch box can be used from washing machine. The engine should be started as follows: we press the button for connecting the starting battery of capacitors, and then the main starting one on the switch. After the engine reaches nominal speed, you can release the starter battery button. You can stop the engine with the stop button.
Stage III
The capacity of the working capacitor bank should be selected so that the engine does not overheat even during prolonged use. For one kilowatt motors, a capacitance of 25 microfarads is suitable. The capacity of the starting batteries in this case should be in the range from 70 to 100 microfarads. The basic criterion is a quick set of engine speeds. The breakdown voltage of all capacitors must be at least 300V. For better cooling, an impeller of six blades is installed on the motor shaft own production. With the help of a V-belt transmission with a threefold reduced speed, rotation is transmitted to the compressor eccentric from the electric motor.
Reducing the power consumption of the drive, and thereby facilitating its operation, can be achieved by redesigning the compressor. To do this, instead of a regular head, equipped with only two exhaust valves, it is necessary to install a duralumin plate on four valves (two intake and two exhaust). The compressor is connected to the transfer case and the receiver using pipelines. They are made of aluminum with a bore diameter of 6 mm. It is fixed with standard aviation fittings, tees, elbows and union nuts with bushings. The transfer box can also be made independently.
To do this, take an aluminum bar with a one-sided deaf longitudinal hole 10 mm in diameter. A receiver tube will be connected to it through a fitting. It is also necessary to make three more holes: one on the side and two on top. A pressure gauge is installed in one upper hole, in the other - safety valve. It should be adjusted to a pressure limit of 4 kg/cm2 (4 atm). A branch pipe for the outlet of compressed air is mounted in the side hole.
Classic layout of components and parts
This arrangement is used in all domestic household appliances. A large and voluminous receiver is used as a base for assemblies and parts. It is also used to pair motor-compressors. Under it adapts an empty cylinder from under liquefied gas for 50 liters. Such a cylinder is designed for 16 atm.
Stage I
The remaining propane is removed from the cylinder, for this the valve is unscrewed, the cylinder is placed “on the priest”, and above it is a water tank. Using a thin rubber hose with a metal tube at the tip, the balloon is filled with water. It displaces gas and all kinds of liquids contained in propane from it in order to be able to detect gas leaks. Removed from the balloon support ring. First, it can be sawn crosswise, and then bend the edges until they break off along the weld. This procedure will make the product look more aesthetic.
Stage II
Before you start welding work, the cylinder must again be put “on the priest” and filled with water to the top. The vapors that are generated during welding will be cooled as they rise through the water. A supercharger should be placed on top of a cylindrical, horizontally located receiver. It consists of twin motor-compressors on a sub-frame made of a 30x30 mm corner, a relay, a starter and a terminal block are also placed there. A handle is welded on one of the edges, it can be bent out of water pipe with a diameter of 20 mm, this will help in moving the unit.
To do this, you can also bring the chassis, under the handle of one edge, install a drain in the form of an inverted letter "P", on the other edge - similar, but with a chassis. The first is made using a steel corner 30x30 mm, the second (additional) - from a corner with dimensions 40x40 mm. Crossbars, corner brackets designed for holes for wheel axles should be welded to it along the edges. On inside brackets, it is necessary to weld M8 nuts, they are used to fasten axles from identical M8 bolts.
Stage III
A hole with a diameter of 6 mm is drilled on the side of the cylinder. An inlet fitting is welded to it in the form of a small piece of pipe with a diameter of 10 mm. One of the outlets of the tee is attached to it with a hose, the other two outlets are connected by similar high-pressure oxygen hoses to the outlet pipes of all motor-compressors. On connections, tees, hoses and fittings are tightened with clamps.
To remove water and oil from the cylinder during use, it is necessary to weld a short threaded fitting on the tip at the bottom of the cylinder. A hole is drilled in the wall along the inner diameter of the pipe, and the fitting itself is “silenced” using a screw-on plug. The brass valve on the cylinder needs to be improved, so a hole must be drilled at the base of the part and an M14 thread cut into it. A pipe should be screwed in there, and a pressure gauge should be attached to it with a special nut. The second branch pipe must be screwed into the outlet of the valve, after which the consumer hose must be connected to it.
A self-made compressor, in particular, its electrical part, in this case consists of a starter and starting windings taken from a washing machine, a shutdown relay and a wire connection terminal block. The latter can be taken from fluorescent lamp daylight. All of the above is mounted on a board of five-millimeter textolite and mounted on the top of the cylinder. One end of the board must be leaned on the stick of the frame of motor-compressors, the second - on another support post welded to the surface of the cylinder.
Power is supplied from a household alternating current network (voltage 220V). The electrical circuit and separate starters, depending on the amount of compressed air consumed, allow both motor-compressors to be switched on simultaneously or one of the two. It will allow you to create a high-quality and durable unit with your own hands. Below, in the diagram, a compressor is shown with a valve from the design of the liquid cooling of the Moskvich car instead of a valve.
The car is a device for the mechanical compression of gases, which generates an air pressure at the outlet that is greater than atmospheric in value. By forcing air into the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine, the compressor increases engine power by increasing the efficiency of fuel combustion. fuel mixture when the supercharger is running, it contains more air, and therefore it is easier to ignite and release more energy during combustion. In the course of research, it was found that the engine adds 46% of power and 30% of torque to the latter - this device is so important!
This device is used as a power supply for pneumatic tools
The air compressor is installed not only in cars with internal combustion engines - this equipment is used as a power supply for pneumatic tools, in industry and other industries. The main performance characteristics of an air compressor are operating pressure and capacity in liters of air per minute.
The following types of air compressors are distinguished:
- Piston. Device with direct force transmission. During engine operation, the piston moves through the cylinder and compresses the air that enters the system. There are oil and oil-free piston blowers, the latter being widely used to power spray guns in the painting industry. Air two-piston compressors are used in industrial purposes due to high performance.
- Rotary. The transmission of power from the engine occurs with the help of a belt. Propellers with rotating blades compress the air inside the device and create. Rotary equipment is different high performance, good efficiency, low noise and vibration during operation. Air type oil is used sparingly and does not enter the compressed air. 380 V received special distribution in production.
The blower can operate independently or with the use of a receiver, which provides a smooth supply of compressed air to the system. An air compressor without a receiver is less expensive and smaller, but more prone to breakage.
Is it possible to do it yourself?
Not everyone can make an air compressor on an engine on their own, moreover, making modifications not provided for by the automobile manufacturer can unpredictably affect operation. However, it can be assembled for a garage or a car repair shop - with the help of such a device, you can quickly fill tires with air, create overpressure for a spray gun and other pneumatic tools, as well as find other uses for the equipment.
A do-it-yourself compressor with a receiver will last a much longer period than purchased equipment, provided correct assembly from quality parts. This is due to the fact that the master, who set out to make an air compressor with a receiver, makes it for himself, and for this reason he cares about quality. What parts are needed and how to assemble?
We collect the compressor with our own hands
The main element of a homemade air blower is the propulsion system. It is recommended to use for the refrigerator. It is notable for the presence of a starting relay, which makes it possible to set and maintain a certain level of air pressure in the receiver. If you don’t have an old and unnecessary refrigerator at hand, you can find the unit at an industrial waste dump or with friends. Preference should be given to a refrigerator made in the USSR, since for the production of Soviet refrigeration equipment powerful and reliable compressors were used.
The refrigeration supercharger has three tubes in the design, one of which is sealed at one end. The rest are air ducts - one lets air in, the other lets out. With further assembly of the unit, it is important to understand in which direction the air flows circulate. To determine, it is necessary to turn on the compressor for a short time in the network and observe in which direction the circulation occurs. It is recommended to mark the "input" and "output" with different colors so as not to be confused during assembly. An air check valve for the compressor will help prevent arbitrary change in air direction.
In addition to the heart of the old refrigerator, to assemble a car compressor you will need:
- Air receiver (a good option is a fire extinguisher).
- Pressure gauge.
- Coarse fuel filter.
- Moisture filter.
- Air pressure control relay.
- A set of adapters, clamps, hoses.
- Toggle switch for voltage 220 Volts.
At various stages of assembly, you will need: a base for installing the finished unit, wheels (you can take it from old furniture), paint, engine oil and anti-corrosion agent.
Receiver Assembly
The compressor receiver is a solid container that contains pressurized air. The role played by the automobile air receiver is the elimination of pulsations during the air supply by the compressor, which is carried out by equalizing the pressure in the system. The secondary role of the receiver is the storage of inert gases or condensate.
The receiver capacity is absolutely hermetic, and the required volume depends on the cycling of air consumption by the consumer and the performance of the air compressor. The use of a receiver extends the life is often used in various fields, including painting work, industrial production and other industries.
An automobile air receiver can be manufactured in three ways:
- Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher. Well suited for long-term storage of gases under pressure up to 10 atmospheres, it has strong steel walls and is safe to use. A fire extinguisher with a volume of 5-10 liters is sufficient for the receiver. To turn the fire extinguisher into a compressor receiver, it is necessary to remove the shut-off and starting device and put the prepared hose adapter on the hole. The bottle must be emptied and washed thoroughly. Next, a water cross is installed and sealed. After that, you can use the manufactured receiver for work.
- Hydraulic accumulator. A more specialized device with a sufficient range of capacities. The disadvantage is the low nominal pressure. Plus - a suitable thread at the exit. To use as a receiver, remove the internal carbon dioxide storage membrane, then connect the hose as in the fire extinguisher example.
- Oxygen balloon. Exceptional strength and air pressure of tens of atmospheres, but small capacity, inconvenience of transportation and heaviness. To use, just connect the hose - the homemade receiver is ready to go!
A do-it-yourself air receiver can be made from any cylinder for storing compressed gases, but before using it, you need to make sure that the selected container can withstand the operating pressure of the future compressor.
Final assembly of the compressor unit
The compressor with the receiver must be installed on the same common base for ease of storage and transportation. homemade equipment. The compressor from the refrigerator, found earlier, must be cleaned of rust (if any). Next, the oil in the air compressor is replaced, since the old one has probably become unusable. It is not possible to pour oil into an air compressor - in the absence of a special compressor lubricant, you can use motor, synthetic or semi-synthetic.
Mount the compressor and receiver on the same base for easy storage and transport The assembly of the compressor is carried out in five consecutive steps, as follows:
- Install the supercharger from the refrigerator on the prepared base and secure with threaded studs. The receiver is installed in a vertical position and secured by means of folded plywood sheets in the amount of three pieces with a hole for the cylinder. Wheels are attached to the bottom of the base for easy transportation.
- Install the compressor and check valve for the air compressor in the air intake port. For convenience, you can use a rubber hose.
- Install a water separator through a hose on the outlet pipe of the supercharger - it can be taken from a diesel engine. To prevent the hose from breaking under pressure, it is necessary to strengthen the connection with automobile clamps. A moisture separator must also be installed at the inlet of the gearbox - devices for decoupling pressure in the receiver and compressor. The outlet pressure pipe is connected to one end of the water cross.
- Install a relay on the top of the cross for pressure adjustment, and a pressure gauge on the free end for control. All joints must be firmly reinforced with fum-tape and tightened with clamps to prevent breakdown.
- Using a 220 volt toggle switch, connect the mains phase to the compressor output. Insulate the contacts with electrical tape or a dielectric casing.
After connecting the equipment to the network, it can be considered that the oil air compressor is assembled. You can connect the device to the network and check its operation.
What problems can await during assembly?
Auto air compressors are simple in terms of design and operation of the device, however, during self-assembly, you may encounter the following problems:
- Oil supply to the wrong hole. Due to the presence of several tubes in the supercharger, you can get confused and fill in oil at the wrong hole. To prevent a problem, oil must be poured into any of the two inlet tubes - the outlet is excluded.
- Small diameter receiver inlet. If the use of a standard cylinder thread is not possible, the element is fluxed and attached. The final design is able to withstand a pressure of 5-6 atmospheres.
- Incorrect connection of the blower tubes. In order for the circulation in the system to occur without failures and in one direction, it is necessary to install a check valve on the compressor with your own hands. It will prevent possible problems and ensure stable operation of the supercharger.
Try to assemble the oil blower with your own hands in full accordance with the instructions, recommendations and safety rules. In this case, there will be no problems with the operation of the equipment.
Setting the desired pressure
An air motor compressor or a car supercharger must be properly prepared for the first use. To get started, you need to set the pressure mode using the relay. Adjustment is carried out by means of two springs - a large one sets the minimum pressure, a small one sets the maximum. The first contact of the relay is connected to zero, the second is attached to the supercharger.
WATCH THE VIDEO INSTRUCTIONS
When using the equipment for the first time, follow the readings of the pressure gauge - the relay should turn on and turn off the supercharger when the lower and upper limits of the set pressure are reached, respectively. After the final adjustment, you can paint the homemade supercharger and continue to operate.
Garage compressor is the right equipment in your garage. With it, you can paint a car, inflate tires, supply air for the operation of pneumatic tools.
To do this, they are subject to certain requirements in order to create the desired air flow with the required pressure. How to make a compressor in the garage, introduces the proposed article.
Features of using the compressor
An air compressor is always needed in the garage. It can be used both to blow off dust from the surfaces of parts treated with an abrasive, and to obtain excess pressure in pneumatic tools.
Often the working life of the compressor is necessary to paint the car, which imposes certain requirements on the generated air flow:
- The flow must be strictly uniform without any impurities in the form of droplets of liquid, oil or suspended solids. On a freshly applied paintwork, graininess, cavities and shagreen are due to the penetration of foreign particles into the air stream.
- Uneven flow of the mixture leads to streaks of paint and the appearance of dull spots on the enamel.
- Branded air compressors, produced by the industry, have all the functions for such a process, but are quite expensive.
- Not inferior to professional ones, you can create a product model yourself or use a compressor for a garage from a refrigerator.
- In this case, the device for holding compressed air, which is called the "reservoir", builds up overpressure. The air flow can be forced manually and mechanically.
- Manual feeding saves money, but it takes a lot of energy and effort to control the process.
- These shortcomings are eliminated with automatic injection, but in this case, the oil in the air pump is manually replaced.
- Then the compressed air is evenly supplied through the outlet fitting to the actuators.
How to make a simple refrigerator compressor
The simplest compressor in the garage can be made from an old refrigerator.
To make it, you will need to purchase:
- Air filter from a car, designed for different pressures. Its price is quite small.
- Plumbing bypass valve, which can be restrictive and disruptive, combined with a six-atmosphere check valve.
- Any plumbing hose that can withstand more than six atmospheres.
- Chinese pistol without pressure gauge.
- Any capacity accumulative cylinder. The larger it is, the less often it will need to be turned on.
- From copper tubes, connecting communications or hoses of any formation.
Tip: The balloon is an accumulator for accumulating air. As you work, the pressure will decrease, which is not very important when inflating tires, where no more than three atmospheres is enough. But for pneumatic tools, this will not be enough and critical.
The instructions for making the device are as follows:
- The tank is being assembled. Its device includes at least three nozzles:
- input;
- day off;
- to drain condensate. The element is installed after mounting the container strictly below, so that the liquid can be drained without problems.
- With the compressor, the problem may be that it will spit out oil, so you need to close the outlet pipe so that it points straight up.
- The hose to the tank should go in the same direction.
- The intake pipe is bent upwards and is equipped with a short rubber tube, it is mounted on its end air filter from the car.
- A check water bypass valve is placed between the cylinder and the compressor, which prevents air from escaping back, and is the simplest indicator that the pressure has become a predetermined value. When it reaches six atmospheres, it will begin to hiss, which means that it is time to turn off the compressor engine.
