Which brick oven is better for the house - types, advantages and disadvantages. Do-it-yourself brick stoves drawings Wood-burning heating stoves made of yellow brick

brick ovens– a source of healthy atmosphere and fresh air (due to draft and constant renewal of indoor air), no need for additional installation radiators, such structures accumulate heat well and heat the air simultaneously in several rooms.

Firewood as fuel is cheap, especially if your house is located in a suburban area. And preparing them yourself is very healthy.

During construction, it is necessary to strictly follow all the instructions, follow the masonry technology, monitor the horizontal rows and the verticality of the walls. This will avoid distortion of the structure and possible breakdowns.

The optimal location of the furnace is in the center of the house.

• heating;
• For cooking (the forerunners of modern stoves);
• Cooking and heating (a combination of the two previous models);
• Special (the design is intended for special needs - drying clothes, etc.).

Heating stove with oven - step by step

Construction is desirable to carry out in the summer, at a constant air temperature.

For construction you will need: brick - 220 pieces, three doors for the firebox (13x13 centimeters), a cleaning door (14x14 cm), a cast-iron stove (38x35 cm), an oven (32x28x42 cm), a valve (27x13 cm), a sheet of asbestos cement, a grate - a grate (20x30 cm), steel strip 4 mm thick (35x25 cm).

Laying instructions:

Before laying, be sure to build a foundation. We choose the type of foundation after examining the type of soil and level ground water. We are waiting for the complete hardening of the foundation and proceed to construction.

We print out the drawing, prepare the tape measure and building level. Before construction, it is recommended, as a training, to lay out the oven without mortar in order to avoid mistakes in the future. The rows will be numbered along the masonry for convenience. Be sure to use plumb lines and check the quality of the brick (no chips or cracks). Soak bricks in water.

1. The first two rows are laid out according to the drawing, solid. To do this, you need 10 bricks for each row.
2. In the third row, we lay the ash pan and install the blower door (we fasten it to the wire and special metal fasteners).
3. 4: we build this row, referring to the order, building up the walls.
4. 5: we are building a brick ceiling above the blower door, we are laying the grate (do not forget to leave a small gap from the metal grate of the grate to the brickwork, we fill the gap with sand).
5. Next, we take an asbestos cord and wrap it around the frame of the furnace door. We are building the sixth row, clamping the fastening of the door with bricks.
6. The seventh and eighth rows - we build up the walls, observing the order, again referring to the drawing.
7. In the ninth row, we lay bricks on top of the firebox door, creating an overlap above it. In this row, we begin to build a smoke box and finish it by the eleventh row.
8. To separate the cooking zone and the smoke exhaust channel, we lay a strip of steel, which will additionally support the bricks laid on the edge. We fix the cast iron hob(row number 12).
9. From the thirteenth to the fifteenth row, lay out the bricks "on edge". Cover the cooking chamber with a layer of asbestos cement.
10. Sixteenth row - we build the bottom of the first channel, which will be located horizontally.
11. In the seventeenth and eighteenth rows we put a cleaning door, we build up the walls of the furnace.
12. Nineteenth row - we block the door from above with bricks. We form a jumper in the center of the smoke circulation.
13. The twentieth row according to the drawing (we build the walls of the furnace, bandaging the previous row).
14. The next two rows (21-22) are the construction of a cleaning hole and the completion of the smoke circulation masonry.
15. After that, we install the oven, and up to the 27th row we make masonry according to the drawing. In the 27th and 28th rows, we leave a space between the bricks to clean the furnace.
16. Then we make a complete overlap of the furnace and install the valves (29-31).
17. From the thirty-second row we build a chimney and bring the chimney to the street.

How to kindle a brick oven with wood?

We inspect the furnace and pipes for cracks. If they are, cover with a solution of clay. We clean the furnace from combustion products. We prepare firewood. Warm up the chimney. We put firewood in the firebox, leaving the blower door ajar for air access. For uniform burning of firewood we turn with a poker in the process of their burning. Additional firewood is best done after the formation of the first coals.

We make a wood-burning stove for the house: Instructions for building a brick stove

Such a stove is optimal for heating two rooms or a house with an area of ​​30-40 sq.m.

The furnace has three flue channels arranged vertically. Their length is more than four meters. It has two firing modes - summer and winter.

For work we get:

• full-bodied ceramic bricks M175 - 400 pieces;
• refractory bricks - 20 pieces (ShB8);
• two-burner cast-iron stove 70x40 cm;
• valves 28x18 cm - 2 pieces;
• furnace door 27x30 cm;
• blower doors 2 pieces 15x16 cm;
• masonry tools (trowels, mortar containers, etc.).

We build the foundation for the furnace and proceed to laying out the first row. It is the most important, as it sets the dimensions of the furnace. The thickness of vertical seams is not more than 8 mm.

Second row: we bandage the initial row and lay the foundation for the fire cut.

Third row: we form a chamber for collecting ash and install a blower door.

Fourth row: we continue the construction of the ash collection chamber. And in the future, the combustion chamber will be lined with fireclay bricks. In the same row, we produce fasteners for the cleaning door and the formation of the lower horizontal channel.

Fifth row: we block the blower door with one solid brick, since its length is only 14 cm. We continue the construction of a horizontal channel and a fire separation between the stove and the walls of the house.

Sixth row: we make the overlap of the cleaning door and the horizontal lower channel. At the same time, we see the formation of two vertical smoke channels 12x12 cm.

We denote the left channel with the number 1 (it will be directly connected to the chimney), the right one - with the number 3 (a long channel for the passage of gases and heating the furnace in winter). The dimensions of the outlet channel are 25x12 cm.

Seventh row: we continue to form channels and install the furnace door.

Eighth row: we bandage row number seven and form the second vertical channel of the furnace.

We put the valve of the summer course. If you open it, the smoke will directly enter the chimney without overheating the room excessively. If the valve is closed, flue gases will enter channel number 3 and pass along a long path, heating the entire structure of the furnace and, accordingly, the room.

The ninth row is similar to the eighth. We are preparing a support for installing the locking of the furnace door.

Tenth row: we close the furnace door and connect channel 1 and channel 2. Here, flue gases will pass from the second channel to the first when burning in winter mode.

From fireclay bricks we cut out slots for the grate of the grate and put it inside the furnace. We isolate the back wall with mineral wool.

Brick ovens are natural heaters that do not require large material and labor costs. With good traction and full regulation of the air in the house, it will always be clean and warm. Installing a brick stove by professional bricklayers is expensive, so you can organize the process yourself.

Kiln laying projects allow you to assemble brick structures without the help of specialists. The Russian cooking and heating and Buslaev's stove (Swedish type) are very popular. The following is a detailed description of each type of structure.

Assembled according to the "Swede" type, it is considered the best option for a brick house. The scheme of its assembly is quite simple and reliable.

A properly installed structure will protect the house from the cold even in severe frosts.

What is needed for laying?

The assembly of brick ovens according to the Buslaev scheme differs from others in its extreme accuracy. To make a quality brick heater, you will need the following materials:

• red brick - 550 pcs.;
• clay - 235 kg;
• sand - 115 kg;
• grate (252x300 mm) - 1 pc.;
• steel: corner (5x45x45x360 mm) and roofing (0.35 m2);
• nails - 1 kg;
• wire - 3 kg;
• view with a hole (d = 220 mm) - 1 pc.;
• view chamber door (140x215 mm) - 1 pc.;
• steam valve (140x180 mm) - 1 pc.

The design also includes large-sized elements - an oven, a cast-iron stove and doors. You will need 3 types of doors:

• furnace (280x300 mm);
• for the cooking chamber (520x390 mm);
• blower (140x140 mm).

Oven dimensions - 600x400x350 mm, stove - 965x560 mm (2 burners).

Features of the Swedish oven

Brick stoves, assembled according to the “Swede” type of Buslaev, heat up quickly and can retain heat even in a large room.

Brick ovens, designed according to this scheme, are heated exclusively in winter. A five-channel oven with one outlet will have dimensions of 1160x900x2100 mm.

Brick construction works equally well on different types solid fuel.

If you heat the stove at least 2 times a day, the heat transfer will be 4500 kcal / h.

Swedish styling technology

A brick stove for a house should be installed strictly on a waterproofing foundation. Buslaev's stove weighs more than 750 kg, so assemble it directly on concrete floor it is impossible: over time, the surface is deformed, which can lead to malfunctions of the furnace and even a fire. Therefore, the concrete foundation must be covered with a waterproofing material.

Brick kiln projects provide for the penetration of groundwater into the lower layers of the foundation, which is why the brick will begin to dampen and collapse over time. Therefore, it is better to protect the structure with roofing felt or roofing felt. Already immediately after the waterproofing work, marking and ordering begins.

First row

The first row is made with solid masonry, and the outer row is laid out only with solid bricks. It is very important to control their integrity and strength - this moment can play decisive role when operating ovens. You can also use halves inside - the main thing is that there are no thick gaps left, and tightness is preserved.

Second row

Similar brickwork, but this time it requires the installation of a blower door, which will be located under the firebox. The firebox is the space in the furnace where combustion takes place.

Third and fourth row

The third row is laid in half a brick with the obligatory preservation of openings for installing a blower and a cleaning department (120x120 mm). The fourth is going on the same principle.

But from this moment it is necessary to start forming a blower chamber with a size of 200x300 mm. Usually it is located in the left and rear of the oven.

Fifth row

At this level, you need to mount the grate. It is installed in special openings that are made in bricks. A temperature gap of 10 mm should be left along the perimeter of the grate and lowered to the grate within 20-30 degrees of inclination. Then the furnace door is mounted.

6th to 9th row

This is where the layout starts oven. Bricks are stacked on an edge over the entire area of ​​​​the stove. Steel sheets are fixed around the oven to protect against burning through. From the seventh to the ninth row, an increase in the width of the channel is formed, which is laid at rear wall on right. A clay mixture is laid on top of the oven. The oven and furnace door are fixed in the structure.

Tenth row

The hob is mounted and the channel expands with a gradual rounding of the corners. With the help of a level, it is necessary to check that the cast-iron plate lies horizontally, without deviations.

The space between the stove and the wall of the stove is laid.

Eleventh row

Two brick walls are formed in a quarter, and their laying is carried out. This is where the cleaning and installation of the cooking chamber door takes place. With the help of a strong sheet of steel, beams for partitions of the flue are created. Channels 160x200 mm are formed from them.

Twelfth row

Support beams are erected from strip and angle steel for brick vault, after which it creates forced ventilation in the form of a channel 150x100 mm. Brick stoves are also formed here.

Brick is ground into a cone shape for narrowing ventilation duct, and a small stove must be covered with a steel sheet.

Thirteenth row

Outside the chimney (in front), cleaning is laid, and hinged partitions are installed. The masonry itself is carried out in half a brick, a valve and a cornice are mounted. At the same time, it is necessary to maintain indents of 30 mm on each side. Above the channels, the masonry is also ground into a cone.

Fourteenth row

The indents increase by another 30 mm, after which you can continue to form the cornice. Above the large stove, it is necessary to install metal corners and a strip that will block the small stove.

Russian stove also heats well big houses. The peculiarity of its design lies in the installation of a stove bench: there is no such element in ordinary brick ovens. Modern options stoves for the home are decorated with embossed tiles, a small fireplace is made inside.

What is needed for laying?

To build a furnace, you need to prepare:

• refractory bricks (smooth) - 1700 pcs.;
• cement mortar - approximately 80 buckets;
• clean fine sand and clay mortar;
• a view with a half-door and a valve with a hole 26x24 cm.

Before installing brick ovens, it is important to check the correctness of the drawings, ordering, and the quality of the tools. The condition of the entire structure and the house will depend on this.

Construction technology

The Russian brick oven is laid out exclusively on a solid foundation. In this case, there are three options: brick, monolithic reinforced and rubble concrete. The foundation must be covered with roofing felt to protect it from the influence of groundwater and other moisture.

Management

As already mentioned, the heating furnace is built from refractory bricks. For perfect brick joints, you can cut each block three-quarters and set them in the corners of the masonry - this will ensure the correct dressing. On the second and third rows, walls are erected. The fourth level is laid only with solid bricks, and at the base the corners must be grinded off to make arched supports.

For a large house, you can make a wide arch. The entire brick structure is assembled on wooden form. To do this, with the help of 20 bricks beveled at an angle, a vault of the furnace is built. The thickness of the side walls should be 1 brick, the front and back - 2 bricks. Next, the laying of the vault begins, the stove is assembled, the level of fireclay. At the corners of the bars into 1/2 and 3/4 parts. Between the walls it is necessary to fill up the sand and cover it with solid masonry.

On the next row, a hearth is collected and under the stove. It is advisable to fill the cavities between fireclay with fine sand. On the left side of the hearth, a recess for coals is made. After that, the cooking chamber and the hearth are mounted. Between the hearth and the crucible, a perforated steel arc is installed, into which copper wire. Subsequently, it is sunk into the solution.

Next, brick walls are built up, with the obligatory formation of a compartment for cleaning ash. A half-door is installed opposite the view. The chimney is constructed in identical rows of six bricks. After construction, the brick oven should dry out, and only then the finishing takes place.

The hearth is the heart of buildings not connected to centralized networks. It generates the heat necessary for life and provides energy for cooking. Both the microclimate in the building and the terms of its service directly depend on its performance and efficiency, and this is very important factors operation of the unit, do you agree?

The article presented by us details how to correctly build a brick oven for the house. Construction schemes are given hearth, thoroughly disassembled technological nuances. We offer carefully selected, scrupulously verified, practice-proven information on the selection and installation of brick stoves.

Novice stove-makers and owners of suburban property who want to control the work of hired craftsmen will be helped by the information we have proposed, based on building requirements. Photographs and video tutorials will be an excellent help in mastering the material.

It is not easy to understand the constructive abundance of brick ovens. However, owners of suburban real estate who want to equip the house with a brick unit should study this difficult issue. It is better to determine in advance the option that is optimal for its purpose and device than to rebuild and modernize.

The division of brick stoves into types is carried out according to the following aspects:

• Appointment.
• type of gas movement.
• Performance.
• Firebox frequency.
• geometric data.

Ideally, an oven that is perfect for you personally is selected according to two or three of the most important criteria. We will analyze what should be attributed to aspects that are significant in your opinion, which will become the basis for choosing the optimal brick unit.

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Calculation of heat losses will make it possible to determine the productivity of the furnace, which should be slightly larger than the calculated value, but not more than 15%. If the power of the brick unit is greater than the specified limit, a different design should be selected.

To facilitate the process of choosing the most suitable brick oven for masonry in a low-rise building, nomograms have been developed. The graph below, which simplifies the calculations for the selection of the stove, was created for rooms with one external wall.

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Very modest requirements are put forward for a do-it-yourself brick oven. Long breaks between visits, a relatively small volume of heated room, maximum efficiency and the use of local fuel - all these criteria indicate a choice in favor of a wood-burning stove. Contrary to popular belief, it is quite possible to make it without the services of a stove-maker. Let us consider in more detail how a small brick oven is designed and built for a summer residence with your own hands.

Preparation for work

It is unlikely that you will be able to make a complex and highly efficient stone oven for a brick cottage with your own hands without building experience. Too many nuances and secrets are fraught with the work of a professional stove-maker. But small in size and uncomplicated in design, a vertical stone stove for a summer residence can be built even by an unprepared person. The main thing in this process is to do everything very carefully, accurately and in accordance with our recommendations.

Choice of building materials

Since the described small brick oven for summer cottages is fired with wood, it is not intended for intense and prolonged heating - it can be folded from ordinary, not refractory bricks. Although, it is better to use heat-resistant material for the combustion chamber.

List and required amount materials:

• red ceramic solid brick - 700 pieces;
• grate - 1 pc.;
• furnace door- 1 PC.;
• blower door - 1 pc.;
• soot cleaning channel doors - 2 pcs.;
• valve - 1 pc.

For a do-it-yourself wood-burning stove, you need to choose a full-bodied ceramic brick that does not crumble from the middle blow of a hammer, and at the same time does not make a sonorous (this is a red-hot brick), but a booming sound. It is desirable that the side faces of the bricks are smooth.

Clay will be needed for the solution. The stove-makers prefer to choose the "fat" one, from which the solution is soft, like butter, and plastic, like soft plasticine. Such clay for building a do-it-yourself stove can be found in construction stores or, after consulting with the locals, simply dig in the area.

Tool

WITH good tool oven for country house built quickly and easily. For work, you should prepare a level, a plumb line, a trowel, a mason's hammer and dishes for preparing a clay solution. To cut bricks, you need a grinder.

We are preparing the foundation for a brick oven for a summer residence

Whatever the small brick oven for giving with your own hands - its weight is several hundred kilograms. Therefore, it is impossible to put it on the wooden floor of the room, but you need a foundation.

To choose the right place for the foundation, you need to project the plan of the stove onto the ground so that its pipe falls between the floor beams and the roof logs. If a chimney is provided in the wall of the house, then the stove for country house should be placed next to it. When building a new house, the stove in the country can be built into the wall between the rooms. This option is very convenient: both rooms heat up equally quickly, but in one of the rooms, even under the most adverse conditions, there will never be smoke.

The depth of the foundation must exceed the depth of soil freezing. However, if country house has its own deep foundation, then a combined base can be made at the stove for giving. To do this, four lungs are vertically dug into the ground. concrete posts, such as those used for fences. The posts should protrude from the ground just below floor level.

Between them, right on the surface of the soil, a gravel or sand cushion is poured into half a brick. Then a layer of roofing material or other sheet waterproofing is laid. A reinforcing metal mesh is laid on top, and a concrete foundation with reinforcement is poured on top of it. The top of the foundation must match the level of the floor and be perfectly horizontal!

Let's start building the oven

On top of the foundation, you need to lay another layer of waterproofing, and on it - a metal sheet. The dimensions of the sheet should exceed the projection of the stove by 10-15 cm. Moreover, from the side of loading firewood, it is better to make a larger release. Then random sparks from the blower will fall not on the wooden floor, but on the metal.

During operation, the stove for giving heats up quite strongly. If the nearby wall is made of wood or other flammable materials, it must be protected with thermal insulation. The simplest protection can be an asbestos sheet painted with heat-resistant paint or covered with a thin plaque. Open asbestos should not be kept, as its dust is considered very dangerous for inhalation. Instead of asbestos, a do-it-yourself dacha stove can be isolated from wood with a solid slab mineral wool. The material must be heat resistant. Facade construction wool is not suitable for this, because it has a too low temperature limit.

Preparing a clay solution

The country stove is built on clay, not on cement. Clay mortar is prepared from good clay and pure river or sea sand. If the clay is not purchased, but dug somewhere in the neighborhood, then it is worth first checking its quality. To do this, we make several test batches with different proportions of clay and sand. We roll the finished clay dough into small balls, rollers, cakes, and leave to dry for two weeks at room temperature.

Dried products must be tested: thrown from a height of human growth, try to crush them with a plank under the weight of a weight, etc. The composition of the most durable clay sample is taken as a standard. In the figure below, the best batch corresponds to samples "b".

Brick and Clay Preparation

A do-it-yourself stove for a summer residence is built from pre-soaked bricks! To do this, it is kept in water for at least 8 hours. During this time, all the air will come out, and the clay will be good to take on the brick in the masonry. Clay needs to be prepared quite a bit, so that approximately 20-25 pieces are enough for laying. bricks. Without the necessary experience, you can’t put more at a time. The thickness of the clay mortar in the masonry should not exceed 5 mm.

Features of kiln masonry

In order for the oven in the country, laid out with your own hands, to serve for a long time, each row should be checked for right angles and the horizontalness of the surface. The laying sequence is visible on the ordering drawing.

The cast-iron doors of the blower and the combustion chamber are fastened with steel wire, which is walled up in masonry. The cuts are made by a grinder. IN last resort, you can do it the old fashioned way - with a bricklayer's hammer, but at the same time a lot of waste is possible for marriage. The platform for the grate should be slightly more sizes the lattice itself. Then, when heated, the metal will not move the brick.

The solution is applied to the wet brick. Experienced stove-makers do this not with a trowel, but with their hands. A good solution is as easy to apply as soft butter is spread on bread.

Important note

If during laying the brick sank lower than necessary, it should be removed, the mortar cleaned and laid on a fresh one. Otherwise, the new stove in the country will smoke heavily and let soot through. Unlike cement, it is absolutely impossible to move a brick along a clay mortar!

When building a stove for a summer house, try to make the inner walls as smooth as possible. Then soot will not linger on them, and it will be easier and less likely to need to be cleaned. Outside, the country stove should also be neat and beautiful. External seams should be carefully embroidered with embroidery or with your finger. In places where vaults and horizontal partitions are formed, there should also be no gaps. It is better to lay such rows slowly, one per day, so that the lower rows have time to grab, while the upper rows do not crawl.

Outcome

Despite the small size and simple design, For small houses brick country stoves are very popular, as they show very good results. They heat up quickly and are warm enough to last all day. A small brick oven for a summer residence is notable for its low cost and availability for self-manufacturing, but with permanent residence in winter time it will have to be heated twice a day - in the morning and in the evening.

Despite the development of modern heating technologies, brick ovens quite often used for home heating, and this is understandable - they are not only effectively heat your home, But and give a feeling of comfort and home.

Stove heating has a number of advantages, thanks to which wood-fired brick ovens have not lost their popularity for several centuries. The most important merit- the ability of ceramic bricks, from which stoves are laid, store and release heat for a long time.

At the same time, radiant energy useful for the human body is released into the space, giving a feeling of warmth and comfort. With regular heating in the cold season, the house is always warm and dry, and due to stove draft, natural ventilation. In the heat, the stove, on the contrary, cools the rooms by removing excess heat into the ground and air through the foundation and chimney.

In addition to creating a comfortable microclimate, a brick oven can carry additional functions, the presence of which depends on the design:

• cooking - boiling, frying, stewing and baking;
• drying clothes, shoes, food;
• heating beds for sleeping;
• the opportunity to admire the open flame.

Furnaces that provide several functions are called combined. These types of stoves include fireplace stoves, as well as several popular basic models, including a Russian stove.

At furnace heating have and flaws, they include inability to heat efficiently remote premises . Therefore, in large-area houses, several stoves with separate or combined chimneys are usually installed, or stove heating is combined with other types of heating.