Olive- is pertaining to olive family. Its homeland is Africa, Australia, southern parts of Europe and Asia. In the world, the olive tree is known for the fact that it is made from healthy oil, and the fruits - olives - pickle. There are many legends about its origin. Despite the fact that the olive grows only in warm countries, it can also be grown at home. It is possible to do this from a seed - a bone. However, enjoy delicious fruits this will not work - they will be tasteless and will appear only 10 years after planting. in this way can be grown only with decorative purposes. For information on how to grow an olive tree at home, read our article.
planting material requirements
If you were already going to put in a bone from a canned olive just eaten, then we hasten to disappoint you - such planting material won't grow. You will only need seeds of fresh fruit, which can be purchased at a specialized store.
When choosing a seed planting method, you should be aware that the germination process will be quite lengthy - about two and a half months. And the germination rate in this case is quite low - for example, out of five planted seeds, only two, or even one, can sprout. Usually germination is not more than 50%.
Did you know? The ancient Greeks revered the olive as the tree of life and longevity. It was considered as such because it was almost impossible to destroy it. Even shattered by lightning, it could live for a long time. If you need to uproot a tree, then for this you need to remove its roots within a radius of five meters, otherwise even from a small remnant it will grow again. In the wild, an olive grows on average for half a century.
Preparation: sprouting
To begin with, the bones should be placed in an alkaline solution (10%) for 18 hours. This is necessary in order to somewhat soften the shell, which in this state can already be pierced by hatched sprouts. After treatment, the seeds are washed and dried. They must be placed in the soil only in a completely dry form. The sharp end is cut with a knife, secateurs or filed before planting. 
You can also place the seeds for several weeks in a bowl with wet for germination. The container will need to be kept at a warm temperature, constant humidity and with a sufficient supply of sunlight. This procedure can help increase the percentage of germination.
The soil
The following composition will be the best for planting olives
- river sand - two parts;
- sod land - one part;
- garden soil - one part.
If you will use a purchased substrate, then you need to mix the growing soil (three parts) and ordinary soil (one part), slightly diluting the mixture with sand.
Capacity
Olive planting container must initially be large- at least 60 cm in depth and width. A prerequisite is the drainage holes, which will well pass excess moisture or take it from the pan required amount liquids. The main enemy of the evergreen tree is high humidity soil, death is like its stagnation.
At the bottom of the pot, as a layer, you need to lay a layer of small or brick chips. 
Landing
Planting seeds in the prepared soil should not be too deep - at a distance of 2-3 cm.
For successful rooting and germination in the room, it is necessary to maintain the temperature at + 20 ° C. You also need to maintain high humidity, proper lighting.
The appearance of sprouts should be expected after two to three months.
Conditions and care of the seedling
The best place to grow olives is a window sill located in the south or southwest. That is where she will do enough sunlight. If there is not enough of it, the plant will signal this to you by dropping foliage. In this case, it will be necessary to look for a brighter place for the pot or additionally install a source of artificial lighting. 
Caring for an olive tree at home is simple and no different from caring for the majority. It will consist of watering, spraying when the air is dry, pruning and transplanting.
Watering is needed regularly, as the topsoil dries up. The plant does not tolerate drought well - its foliage begins to dry out and fall off. However, the tree will react even worse to constant waterlogging - up to complete death.
Important! Watering the olive should be carried out only after a few days. tap water room temperature.
In the growing season (April to September) the tree needs to be fertilized. should be alternated with It is recommended to do this once every two weeks during the period active growth and weekly during spring and summer. Starting from October, all top dressing should be stopped, otherwise it will be difficult for the plant to survive the winter period, and it will not bloom in the end. 
In summer, it is necessary to periodically wipe the olive leaves from dust. In winter, during the period when the heating is turned on, they will need to be sprayed.
IN winter time the olive should be left alone - water as little as possible, do not feed and transfer to a cool place (+ 10-12 ° C). Only under such conditions will it be able to bloom.
When flowering has occurred, the tree must be placed in a room with a temperature of + 18-20 degrees.
A year or two after planting, the plant should be transplanted. For this, the transshipment method is used (together with an earthen clod, without opening the root system). Carry out a transplant in the spring. The olive is transplanted annually until it reaches the age of five. Then the intervals between transplants should be increased to two to three years. 
Important! Soil acidity is important for olives. She prefers an alkaline substrate and cannot tolerate too acidic soils. Thus, when transplanting, peat should not be introduced into the soil.
After transplanting, as a rule, the tree grows quickly. Two or three years later, spring period or at the beginning of summer, an olive tree in a pot sheds its leaves and acquires a new one.
Sanitary pruning of dry branches should be carried out annually. You can also carry out a formative haircut - it is not difficult for the plant to recover from it. The olive tree is great for bonsai enthusiasts because it can form a variety of miniature trees from its crown. 
The lower branches and leaves should be removed regularly - so the plant will grow better.
Since this evergreen tree is content with stiff foliage,
Sights of Cyprus. Olive Tree
Olive oil. Where did it come from? According to the biblical story, the olive branch was brought to Noah by a dove as a sign that God's anger on people had subsided, and the Flood had stopped. The olive tree was the very first tree to grow after the Flood, heralding with its birth a truce between God and man.
The olive tree (lat. Olea europaea) is an evergreen subtropical tree. It belongs to the genus Olive (Olea) of the Olive family (Oleaceae). The birthplace of the olive tree is considered to be the southeastern Mediterranean. It is claimed that the olive was first cultivated in Greece. This is evidenced by the mention of the olive in ancient Greek myths.
Curious is the fact that a plant that has been cultivated since ancient times to obtain olive oil, does not occur in the wild!
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Botanical description of the olive
Oliva is a dioecious plant: when planted, two plants are planted in each hole: a female and a male for pollination.
The olive tree is actually considered evergreen shrub reaching 10-12 meters in height. The olive trunk is very picturesque - covered with gray bark, gnarled, twisted, usually hollow in old age. The branches of the tree are knotty, long. Leaves are leathery, gray-green in color, inner part The leaf has a silver tint. Olive leaves do not fall for the winter. The tree renews foliage gradually, over two to three years.
The olive usually blooms from late April to early July. Fragrant flowers are small (2-4 mm), white-yellow. On the branches, the flowers are located in the axils of the leaves in the form of paniculate brushes. In one inflorescence, you can count from 10 to 40 flowers. The period before flowering of a tree is very important: if 6 weeks before flowering a tree experiences drought or a lack of nutrients, then its yield drops sharply! Therefore, the spring rains are especially pleasing to the owners of olive groves.
The fruit of the olive (what we call "olive") is considered to be a drupe. Most often, it has an elongated oval shape, a pointed or blunt nose. The length of a ripe olive is from 0.7 to 4 cm, the diameter is from 1 to 2 cm. Its oil is in the fleshy pericarp.
The color of the pulp of the fruit depends on the type of tree (there are more than 500 varieties of olive!): Its color can be green, black, dark purple, often with an intense wax coating. Olive fruits ripen 4-5 months after flowering - in September-November. The most productive olive tree after 20 years of life. The olive tree bears fruit every 2 years and, with an average yield, produces about 20 kg of olives.
An olive fruit on average consists of water - 60%, oil -10-30%, sugar - 5%, protein - 1.5%, fiber - 2-5% and minerals - 2-6% (proteins, pectin, vitamins B, C, E, potassium salt, phosphorus, iron ...).
Olive oil is made from 90% of the fruits, which, even without preservatives, has a long shelf life. Olive oil has an excellent taste, and, importantly, it is absorbed by 98% (sunflower oil is only 80%!). Unlike animal fats, olive oil is not only not harmful, but brings considerable benefits to the body. The acids it contains construction material cell membranes of our body! The energy value of olive oil is 898 kcal/100g.
Olive oil is used in the cosmetic industry, is widely used in cooking and in the production of canned food of the highest grades.
Olive leaves are used in the pharmaceutical industry. They contain organic acids, phytosterol, oleuropein glycoside, resins, flavonoids, elenolide lactone, bitter and tannins, essential oils(phenol, camphene, eugenol, cineole, citral and alcohols), as well as organic acids, bitters, flavonoids and tannins. Olive leaf infusions normalize blood pressure, cure respiratory diseases, stimulate the immune system.
Greenish-yellow, heavy, strong and curly, olive wood lends itself well to polishing and is used to make dishes and furniture. It is also prized by woodcarvers and is used for inlay work and for the manufacture of expensive turnery and joinery. The bark of the olive tree is hayed by pharmacists as a substitute for cinchona.
Olive trees are a good ameliorant. Planted on mountain slopes, they make the soil resistant to erosion and subsidence, which is very important in stopping landslides, soil erosion and useless discharge of rainwater. A long-lasting and powerful root system of trees is able to stop landslides!
To date, the total area of cultivated olives is measured in millions of hectares. The largest number Olives are grown in Spain, Italy and Greece.
Where to buy rustic olive oil and cosmetics based on it?
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The olive branch is a symbol of peace
The dove carrying an olive branch is depicted on the emblem of the World Peace Congress. The olive branch has found widespread use in heraldry, where it has a similar meaning.
The connection of the olive tree with the life of the southern peoples is reflected in numerous legends. A dove with an olive branch in its beak served as a theme and emblem in Old Testament legends. In the Mediterranean countries, olive oil was used not only for food, but also for sacrifices, for anointing hair and body, and was added to lamps - lamps.
During archaeological excavations in the Mediterranean, ancient oil mills are found everywhere. Images of olives and amphoras for oil are typical for the ancient culture of Egypt. Theophrastus wrote that the olive tree grew in Thebes and the oases of the Libyan desert. The ancient Phoenicians spread the olive throughout the Mediterranean. The ancient Greek epic is especially rich in legends about the olive tree. The olive tree, along with the fig, pomegranate and pear, is sung in the Odyssey. The requirements for the cultivation of the olive are contained in the laws of Solon. Greek settlers in Asia Minor, the Western Mediterranean and the southern coast of Crimea brought olive trees with them and planted them on new lands.
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Olive harvest time is a big holiday
October, November, December are the main months of olive harvest and olive oil production. The Cypriots call this time the “Olive Picking Festival”.
Whoever watched the process at least once, hardly dared to call this event a holiday: in order to collect olives from one tree, several hours of manual labor are required!
It is necessary to collect olives by climbing a tree and dressed in tight work suits, since the branches of olive trees are quite sharp, contact with them is not only unpleasant, but also fraught with injuries to the skin.
Harvested olives are transported to the factory, where they are pressed into olive oil, that is - Extra Virgin Olive Oil! The tastiest and healthiest.
See a photo report on how olive oil is pressed here:
http://website/index.php/remesla/87-oliveoil.html
The remaining olives are pickled or salted.
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Oliva in Cyprus
Thousands of evergreen olive trees with colorful shapes, picturesquely curved trunks, heavy branches strewn with berries grow on the island in autumn. Traveling around the island you will see olive groves everywhere. You will see olive trees near the houses of local residents - a rare family in Cyprus does not own at least a few olive trees.
Oil is still obtained here according to ancient traditions - by cold pressing. Here, as before, olives are preferred not to pickle, but to salt, generously sprinkling them with seasonings and pouring lemon juice. Here, as in the old days, hair and skin are anointed with olive oil, and the olive branch, consecrated in the church, is pinned to front door Houses.
You can buy excellent quality olive oil and freshly pickled olives in any supermarket on the island, but you can also go to the factory to get them.
In any pharmacy and even in a souvenir shop you will find cosmetics made on the basis of this wonderful oil. You can buy cosmetics in the manufacturer's laboratory
In Cyprus, you can buy healing infusions from olive leaves, as well as a unique healing olive tea.
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The olive tree belongs to the olive family. In the Mediterranean, in the south of the Crimea, in the southern regions of Russia and in other areas with a mild climate, this plant is grown in open field. In more severe conditions, you can grow it in winter garden or in a spacious, bright room, including an apartment. Trees of table varieties, with proper care, will regularly bear fruit.
The olive tree is a long-lived tree. It has been growing for over 500 years. Olive trees grow in the Garden of Gethsemane (Jerusalem), which, according to scientists, are 2,000 years old. Greece is considered the birthplace of the olive. According to an ancient legend, the goddess Athena sent an olive branch to this fertile land, from which the first tree grew.
Olives are a real treasure for the human body. They contain over 100 useful substances. It seems that nature itself took care of the health, freshness and beauty of man, giving him these priceless fruits.
Olives are the simplest and effective prevention diseases of the heart, blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract and malignant tumors of the breast. To achieve the desired effect, it is enough to eat only eight olives a day or season salads with olive oil.
Oliva is the personification of deep internal cultural ties. At least that's what Thomas Friedman thinks. He expressed his thoughts on globalization and cultural identity in his acclaimed book The Lexus and the Olive Tree, published in 1999.
decorative olive tree
Usually, the home olive is not grown for its fruit, but because of its decorative, very attractive appearance. Today, there are many varieties of this wonderful culture that have characteristics. For indoor cultivation, varieties that reach no more than 2 meters in height are suitable, which are suitable for growing in a container.
The olive tree at home is a miniature, evergreen with a spherical and compact crown. Young plants have a light gray bark, older ones have dark bark. The leaves are dense, narrow, lanceolate, dark green. They stay on the branches for a long time, do not fall off even in winter. They are updated every 2 years.
The flowers are white, small, bisexual, with a goblet calyx. The fruits are elongated-oval one-seeded drupes, about three centimeters long, which have a pointed or blunt end and a fleshy pericarp. The color of the fruit may be green or dark purple, depending on the variety. Its average weight is 15 g.
Olive tree at home
Many are concerned about the question of whether this plant will take root in our apartments? Under natural conditions, the olive tree grows in semi-deserts, on rocky mountain slopes, and on saline and poor soils. Sometimes where no other plant can survive.
The olive tree appears silvery from a distance, because its dark green narrow leaves on the underside are covered with a bluish bloom. It is even sometimes mistaken for some kind of willow.
The drought resistance of the olive is striking. In this, perhaps, the date palm can be compared with it. Both of these trees love when their crown is warm and their roots are cool. In search of moisture, they direct their roots very deep, reaching ground water sometimes located at a depth of 5-7 meters.
Olive tree care
At home, this unpretentious plant does not require complex care. He needs a well-lit "place of residence", abundant watering during the period of active growth (March-August). In autumn, watering the olives is reduced, and in winter, when the plant seems to freeze, the soil in pots is moistened no more than twice a week.
reproduction
The homemade olive tree, which is easy to care for even for a beginner grower, is propagated by seeds, grafts and cuttings. To grow a tree solely for decorative purposes, the plant is propagated by seeds.
We prepare the seeds
This method is quite lengthy, but it allows you to see the entire development cycle of the tree and guarantees its high survival rate. Before planting, they are soaked for 12 hours in a solution of caustic soda. Then they are rinsed with water and planted in a pot with a diameter of no more than nine centimeters to a depth of two centimeters. The soil should be moist and nutritious. In addition, you should pay attention to the fact that the earth is loose, light. Such a mixture consists of leaf and sod land, sand, peat in equal volumes. Large, oblong-shaped olive seeds are planted in small (5 cm in diameter) pots no deeper than 1 centimeter.
You will see the first shoots in 2 months. At this time, you should carefully monitor the moisture content of the soil. It is recommended to water the crop as the clod of earth dries up and try not to allow it to become either waterlogged or dry out. Germination of seeds, as a rule, is 40-50%. Often the seeds do not germinate or produce non-viable, weak shoots that die after a short time. If we grow an olive tree from seeds, then the first fruits should not be expected until ten years later. If you want to speed up the timing of fruiting or flowering, grown seedlings must be grafted onto varietal plants.
Surprisingly, an olive tree at home can be grown even from a seed. True, to get good result it takes a long preparation process.
Reproduction by cuttings
In this case, the olive tree retains all the maternal characteristics. The first fruits appear in the third, in rare cases in the second year. It is necessary to take two or three summer branches. Their sections are carefully treated with a growth stimulator, then planted in sand ten centimeters deep, the seedlings are covered with glass on top (polyethylene can also be used for this purpose).
For rooting optimum temperature- 25-27 °С. It usually occurs within a month, after which shoots begin to appear. After 3-4 months, the root system will be fully formed, and the seedling can be transplanted onto it. permanent place into a big pot.
Lighting
The olive tree, which is easy to care for at home, is very fond of good lighting, therefore, for young plants, window sills of southern windows are suitable. Mature trees can be placed in a room in any well-lit place.
In the warm season, it is useful to take the plant out into the air - into the garden or onto the balcony. An abundance of light is especially necessary during the period of plant growth and bud formation. If it is not enough, the olive will slow down the growth. In winter, the tree needs additional lighting to prevent leaf fall.
The air should be heated to 18-22 ° C - this is the most comfortable for this crop. During the dormant period (in winter), the temperature should not exceed 13 ° C. Such conditions will contribute to the laying of flower buds. Watering during this period is reduced, fertilizing the soil is not recommended.
Blooming olive: care
During the flowering period, the plant needs more careful care. At this time, it is very important to monitor the condition of the soil. Watering is carried out as needed (when the top layer of the earth dries). If there is not enough moisture, the leaves of the plant fade, curl up, and then fall off. It can even lead to the death of the tree.
Slightly yellowish or completely white flowers with a delicate and refined aroma bloom in mid-June. At home, the tree is decorated with delicate flowers for several months. The plant is pollinated by wind and insects, but daily shaking of the branches is necessary for a home olive. When self-pollinated, fruits can be tied different size, and cross-pollination significantly improves their quality and yield
Despite the fact that the olive tolerates dry air well, we recommend spraying its crown in extreme heat. Until the age of four, the plant needs an annual transplant. This is usually done in early spring, and it is not necessary to change the entire contents of the pot, it is enough to replace only upper layer soil to more fertile and fresh.
pruning
Regular pruning will help you give the crown of the olive a neat, spherical shape. When carrying out this procedure, remove dry and weak branches, shorten long shoots, create the desired shape. If you decide to grow an olive tree for fruit, remember that the bulk of the crop comes from last year's growth. Therefore, pruning must be done very carefully so that you can enjoy the next year's harvest.
Despite the somewhat laborious growing process, the olive tree is unpretentious and not prone to diseases. With regular and proper care, two years after planting, you can admire the blooming olive and get good harvest(up to 2 kg of fruits per year).
top dressing
During the active growth and development of the olive (February-October), regular (once every fifteen days) top dressing should be carried out with solutions and infusions of organic and mineral fertilizers. For better fruit setting and development in the summer, double superphosphate is useful. For this, an aqueous solution of a substance is used at the rate of five grams per liter of water. In addition, it can be mullein - a two-week infusion, diluted 15-20 times before use.
From November to February, the olive tree, which is kept indoors, sharply slows down all metabolic processes, and it goes into a dormant state. In winter, top dressing is not carried out.
If you set out to grow a homemade olive tree, then you must remember that insufficient light, excessive watering and very heat air in winter will not allow you to "tame" such a tree in your home. If you manage to overcome these obstacles, then you need to be patient, because compared to most plants that experienced growers know about, the olive develops very slowly, and it does not bloom too quickly. But lovers of indoor plants are attracted by the fact that you can grow it all your life - this small tree lives, according to scientists, for at least three thousand years.
Olive Tree, or olive, belongs to the genus olive. In the natural environment comes across in the form of shrubs and trees. Enjoys particular fame European olive. There are about sixty types of culture. The plant is native to Africa, Europe, Australia and Asia. Trees have different structures. They have long branches. The life span of a tree is about 300 years. Culture is considered to be long-livers.
An olive tree at home can be kept up to 10 years. Next, you need to plant in open ground. It produces good fruit. The mass of the 1st is no more than 5 grams. The leaves of the tree are dark green. The vegetative organs of the plant contain a large concentration of starch. Thanks to this, the culture perfectly copes with a long drought. The bark of the olive is dark in color.
Varieties
First of all, you should decide for what purpose you expect to grow it. The problem is that there are three types of olives:
- canteens- for use in food;
- oilseeds- for the production of olive oil from them;
- combined- they are allowed to be used in food, and to squeeze oil out of them.
Therefore, starting from these criteria, select the variety. Also, the variety must be selected depending on this, in which place you expect to grow (for example, for domestic conditions, select dwarf varieties). If you still decide to grow it to extract the crop, then do not forget that it is a dioecious plant. That is, for the appearance of flowers and fruits, male and female individuals are needed, therefore, representatives of both sexes are planted in one pit.
In addition, the olive is pollinated with the help of wind, therefore, in the absence of wind, the yield may be lower than usual. For the same reason, in domestic conditions, pollen is spread with a brush.
The olive is propagated by 2 methods:
- from seed
- from cuttings.
Climatic conditions
Olives grow best in climates with mild winters and dry summers. At a temperature of -5 degrees, the tree will already feel bad, a lower temperature will lead to death. In open ground and in climates with severe winters, it is allowed to grow it in heated greenhouses, winter gardens and at home. Buildings should be large and well lit.
Soil for planting
soil for evergreen trees should have exactly neutral acidity, excellent drainage and not be waterlogged. Often it dies due to excessive moisture. Choose a soil rich in limestone. Land for an olive tree is best suited not very fertile, for example, loam or sandy. According to the structure - fine-grained. Certainly the earth must be loose.
Waterlogged substrate and not very good land carrying capacity are the main reasons for the wilting of the olive tree. Avoid areas where water accumulates.
When planting, it is imperative to make a dense layer of drainage. You can protect the plant from excessive precipitation by planting it on a gentle slope. It is preferable not to use a fertile substrate. An excessive number of nutrients generates increased tree growth. As a result, the percentage of yield decreases. The ideal land for growing a tree should meet all the required conditions.
Tree lighting
It usually prefers warm conditions. In nature, this plant can be found on heavily lit shores. Does not tolerate shaded areas.
Temperature regime for wood
The olive tree is able to endure a drop in temperature even to -15 degrees. With severe prolonged cold weather, the plant will die. During the period of intensive vegetative formation, it is recommended to maintain the temperature from + 18 to + 20 degrees. At the turn of flowering, return frosts can affect high yields. Intense heat combined with dry air also harms the tree.
Watering the plant
The culture responds well to the measured moistening of the earth. In the spring-summer season, it is preferable to water the substrate regularly. Prolonged exposure to dry soil leads to leaf fall. In winter, the number of waterings must be reduced. Moisten enough as the substrate dries out. For him, it is preferable to use warm soft water.
Ambient humidity
The plant does not require special conditions. In hot weather, it is recommended to increase the degree of presence of water in the air. To do this, you will need to sprinkle the plant with water at room temperature several times a day. In drought, it is preferable to spray warm water on the tree.
Features of a plant transplant
The plant can experience the change of soil and substrate. It is not advisable to transplant adult olive representatives. The root system is often damaged. For transplantation, it is necessary to prepare a suitable place. Growing in heavily rotten and dry soil often results in wilting. In the natural environment, the plant can be found in the rock. Therefore, it is possible to add charcoal and pieces of brick to the soil during the planting period.
tree pruning
It needs to be sanitized in a timely manner. European olive is often damaged by various pests. On outdoors in early spring, it is necessary to remove the affected areas. houseplant can make beautiful compact shape. To do this, it is necessary to remove weakened processes and long branches. The plant is very tolerant of shearing.
For one vegetative stage, the culture will give an excellent increase. If the plant is grown for harvesting, features should be considered. The fruits are usually formed in the shoots of the previous summer. Therefore, cardinal pruning can eliminate a huge number of olives.
Plant in the garden
In the open air, the European olive perfectly takes root and bears fruit well in the southern part of the Crimea and the Mediterranean. In more severe circumstances, the culture can be grown in a spacious room, conservatory, glass greenhouse or warm room. Frost at -5 degrees will ruin weakened branches. At -15 degrees, it will die. Even with a slight decrease in temperature, a sudden deterioration in the taste of fruits and oils was noticed. To harvest, you must purchase garden views. Bred subspecies provide constant fruiting.
How to feed a plant?
Nutritional deficiencies can be compensated for with nitrogen. The procedure must be carried out once a year. For 1 weave, no more than 1.2 kilograms will be required. It is allowed to plant near with olives natural producers of nitrogen (legumes). In addition, it is recommended to add fertilizer to the soil from time to time.
container growing tree
To grow good olives indoors, you first need to prepare right sort. It is preferable to buy a dwarf culture. The container must initially be selected large enough. The volume of the pot should be at least 60 cm deep and wide. Be sure to make several large holes in the bottom of the container. The most important enemy of olives is the high constant humidity of the earth. Therefore, in order to grow good house tree it is necessary to prepare a loamy or sandy base.
Before the next topping, the soil must dry at least 3 cm deep. Container olive is more demanding. For its full formation, gentle pruning should be constantly carried out. It is not recommended to allow thickening of the main branches.
Main difficulties and pests
The evergreen olive tree is particularly susceptible to pests and diseases. The biggest danger to an evergreen plant is dangerous black bugs. Excessive use of chemical protective preparations is not the best way to display on the yield of olives. Therefore, it is preferable to support immunity with organic and mineral preparations.
The tree often damages:
- dangerous whitefly;
- olive moth.
Outdoors, nibbled buds and leaves point to a colony of caterpillars. Sudden drying of branches and leaves indicates infection with dangerous verticillium wilt. A fungal infection usually does not respond to treatment. If the evergreen tree is not protected in time from the affected areas, the plant will die. When infected with open area it is necessary to avoid a place for further landings.
plant influence
At proper care growing olives at home brings no difficulty. It is enough to guarantee the culture good lighting and timely nutrition. After some time, fragrant inflorescences and the necessary olives will appear on the tree. A container plant can produce about 2 kg of fruit.
Olive oil contains lecithin. The intolerance of the component generates an allergic reaction. The allergy that has appeared also has the ability to be of a cross nature. People who react to the flower, olives and shrubs of the Shrovetide family, most react to the oil. Often the formation of the reaction is associated with a hereditary predisposition. It is preferable to use refined oil to reduce the likely manifestations.
Olive propagation
The evergreen tree can be propagated and seeds, And cuttings.
Sprouts must be treated with the correct alkali solution before sowing. The softened seed coat ensures the best germination.
For disembarkation it is necessary to prepare culvert substrate. The mixture should include leafy soil and coarse sand. In the soil, you can, in addition, add crushed wood ash and broken brick.
The depth of European olive crops should not be higher than 3 centimeters. It is important to continuously maintain the moisture content of the substrate. Even freshly harvested olive seeds have less than 50% germination.
The olive tree from seed is different belated fruiting. The first olive blossoms may appear only after 10 years. The tree can be used for grafting. Cuttings ensure the preservation of all original varietal characteristics. Fruiting will come in 2 years. Seedlings must be placed in the soil under a slope. To form a greenhouse effect, it is preferable to prepare cellophane. It is necessary to constantly ventilate and spray the cuttings. After a good rooting of the European olive, you can transplant all plants into single pots.
Why doesn't the plant bear fruit?
An evergreen olive tree can begin to bear fruit a couple of years after planting. The period of the first development of fruits depends on the growing method. Suitable conditions promote accelerated flowering. There are species that, regardless of the method of reproduction and care conditions, produce fruits only 10 years after planting. It is always recommended to specify all the characteristics of the planting material before buying.
Olives and black olives grow on a tree called the European olive. In the article, we will figure out what is the difference between olives and olives, what are their benefits and harm to the body, we will tell you where they grow and how they grow.
The name "olives" is used exclusively in Russia, in other countries they are called "olives".
Oliva is one of the most popular and beloved trees in their homeland. According to legend, it symbolizes the magical connection of the earth with the sky, so it has been revered since ancient times. IN Ancient Greece The winners of the Olympic Games were awarded with olive wreaths. It was from Greece that olives and olives began to spread throughout the world. Gradually, olive trees conquered America and Africa, and the fruits began to be exported to all continents.
Today beautiful tree with leaves as if made of silver personifies wisdom and nobility. The olive tree also occupies a special place in religion, being a symbol of rebirth. The olive branch was brought to Noah's ark by a dove, which heralded the end of the flood, and the possibility of returning to land.
The fruits of the olive tree and the oil from them are also used for food. There are pickling and oil varieties of olives, the percentage of oil in which reaches 80%.
What is the difference between olives and olives
In Russia, the term "olives" is used to refer to the fruits of the green olive tree, the black fruits of the same tree are called "olives". Some gourmets believe that these are fruits different trees, others, that their difference is due to different degrees of maturity. Both olives and olives grow on the same tree - European olive, and differ only in the degree of ripening.
Only green olives are suitable for conservation. Ripe black fruits are processed. Oil is made from them. Black or green color canned fruit is determined by the technology used in production. For different manufacturers, the processing and production stages in general do not differ, but there may be some subtleties between them.
Green fruits are hand-picked from trees and placed in special baskets. To collect ripe fruits, small nets are placed under each tree. Berries are showered in them, then divided by size. This step is called calibration. After that, to remove a specific bitter taste, the olives are soaked in bulk vats in a solution based on caustic soda.
The fruits that we buy black are placed in special containers into which oxygen is supplied and the oxidation process is carried out. Olives oxidize for seven to ten days, after which they turn black and soft, and acquire the familiar spicy taste.
There is no oxidation step in green olive preservation technology. Once processed, the olives are preserved in brine. Here, producers can show their imagination by adding spices and other ingredients to the brine, creating a signature taste.
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The product is stored in large plastic tanks, which are interconnected and placed underground. The capacity of one such barrel is about 10 tons. When it comes time for the next steps (pitting, packaging), the olives are pumped out of the barrels using special pumps.
Benefit and harm to the body
The diet of the inhabitants of the Mediterranean cannot be imagined without olives and olive oil, which are considered the most useful. According to the legends of the Mediterranean peoples, the olive tree does not die, therefore, those who love its fruits are characterized by excellent health and energy.
- Olives contain more than a hundred different substances. The properties of some of them have not even been studied yet.
- Berries are a wonderful prophylactic against diseases of blood vessels, liver, stomach, and heart.
- Even the bones of olives are eaten, which are perfectly digested in the process of digestion.
- Of particular benefit to the body is a set of three types of phenolic substances: lignans, simple phenols, secoiridoids.
- Olives are a storehouse of useful substances, such as oleocanthal, an anti-inflammatory and analgesic.
Where and how olives and black olives grow
What is the olive tree so beloved by gourmets? The trunk of an olive tree can be widely distributed in breadth, while its height rarely reaches more than 1 meter. If not ensure proper care behind a tree, very quickly it will turn into a bush and die due to lack of light at the base.
Oliva - perennial capable of being reproduced and updated. The roots of the tree go as deep as 80 cm. The olive tree is able to survive in arid conditions and can tolerate up to 10° frost.
Today, the European olive grows throughout the Mediterranean. It is so popular that it has spread to the countries of North and South America, Asia Minor, India, Australia, Northeast Africa and East Asia.
Spain is recognized as the leader in the supply of olives, where up to 80% of all table olives are supplied by the Andalusia region. The share of its supplies in the world market reaches 50%, therefore most of olives and black olives, presented on the Russian counters, were brought from Spain. Olives do not grow in Russia, but it is not difficult to find them in stores.
Popular varieties
In total, there are more than 400 varieties of Greek olives. Usually the names of olive varieties are derived from the place where they grow. Depending on the purpose of use, olives are divided into three groups:
- Canteens eaten as a whole and intended for canning. Varieties of Halkidiki, Konservolia, Amfisa, Kalamon (Kalamata), Frumbolia.
- Oilseeds used in oil production. This is a well-known variety of Koroneika and others.
- Combined or canned oilseeds. These include the Manaki variety.
Olives are an unusual product, they are tasty and healthy. Few plants can compare with olives in terms of the amount of vitamins, trace elements, and fiber. Once you fall in love with their taste, you will forever remain their fan.
