Graceful, with thin trunks, the trees attract with bright clusters that remain on the branches throughout the winter.

The fruits of the Nevezhinsky rowan variety lack traditional bitterness, which prompts many gardeners to grow this tree on their plots. Nevezhinskaya rowan is one of the most common varieties.

Description of the variety

The Nevezhinsky rowan tree was named after the village of Nevezhino. For more than a century, the variety has been grown in this area as a horticultural crop. The plant is completely unpretentious to climate conditions, which is why it has become so widespread in our country.

A little later, the variety received a second name from gardeners - “Nezhinskaya”, but the original name is usually used.

The height of the tree can reach 10 m. Depending on the conditions and how the light falls on the plant, the tree can form a crown in the form of a pyramid or a ball.

On the spherical crown, clusters of fruits begin to form not only on the peripheral branches, but also in the middle. The plant can live on average 30 years. However, there are centenarians who are over 100 years old.

The foliage of the tree is large in size. The flowers are collected in inflorescences, in corymbs, about 10 cm in diameter. They are unsightly in appearance. During flowering, mountain ash emits a strong, specific aroma. This smell attracts pollinating insects to the area. Flowering begins in late May, in cool areas - in early June.

The shape of the fruit is spherical. They are somewhat reminiscent of apples. The color of the berries is bright red, with an orange tint. The fruits are the same size, their diameter reaches 1.5 cm. At the end of September, you can start harvesting. With proper care, you can collect up to 40 kg of berries from one tree.

This type is divided into 3 varieties:

1. Cubic is the most common type. The berries of this variety are pentagonal in shape and slightly elongated. The taste is sweetish with a piquant sourness, very pleasant.
2. Yellow - the variety is less common than its predecessor. The fruits are large in size, round, with ribbed edges. The color of the berries is yellow-orange, more close to yellow. Unlike Kubova, the fruits are not so juicy.
3. Red - large-sized fruits, bright scarlet in color. The berries are the sweetest.

Planting on the site and care

Planting rowan is not a difficult task. The plant is unpretentious and tolerates severe frosts well. The only difficulty in growing is that the bright red-orange berries attract many birds that winter in our area, so you will have to scare away or drive away the birds yourself.

Saplings

You can buy planting material or get it from an adult plant. To get a sprout from an adult specimen, one branch is bent in the fall or spring. After this, it is fixed and dug in.

After a year, the young bush should be disconnected from mother plant and grow in the same place for another 12 months. Then the transplant can be carried out.

Rowan pollination occurs in a cross way. Nevezhinskaya is a self-fertile plant that needs a pollinator neighbor. Common mountain ash can be an excellent pollinator.

It is recommended to plant 3 varieties of Nevezhinsky mountain ash at once in order to significantly increase its productivity. It is important to remember that planting rowan seeds can give a result inversely proportional to the expected one. Trees grown from seeds do not inherit the qualities of the mother tree.

Landing rules

Rowan berries are planted in spring or autumn. The area for the plant should be well lit. It is better to plant a tree on loamy soils. It is not recommended to plant on acidic, clayey, swampy, sandy soil.

It is better to plant rowan on the northern or eastern sides of the site in order to protect more heat-loving plants from cold winds.

• The depth of the planting hole depends entirely on the size of the root system. On average, the size of the hole is 60x60 cm.
• Humus is placed at the bottom of the hole.
• Then they plant the sprout and cover the root system with soil.
• Afterwards, the soil around the trunk needs to be compacted, watered, and mulched.

Rowan is undemanding to moisture, but does not tolerate drought well. .

Watering is carried out several times a year:

• before the growing season;
• 14 days before harvest;
• 14 days after harvest.

One tree requires 20–30 liters of water.

Over the following years, when there is active growth, the tree should be fertilized abundantly. To do this, use diluted mullein.

In the autumn-spring period, starting from the age of 5, sanitary and formative pruning is carried out.

Loosening is carried out 5 times per season. During the first 2 years, the soil is dug up using 2 shovels. During the digging process, you can mix it into the soil. organic fertilizers.

This is what care is all about. The tree does not require special shelter or specific preparation for the winter. The plant can withstand frost down to -50 C o.

Caring for rowan is a pleasure.

Diseases and pests

Rowan plant is quite resistant to diseases. The only disease that affects rowan is rust. Yellow-brown spots appear on the outside of the foliage, and growths containing spores of rust fungus form on the inside surface. Spraying will help get rid of fungus Bordeaux mixture or copper sulfate.

Rowan can also be affected by various fungi, causing leaf spots. Regardless of the type of spotting, old leaves are collected and destroyed, and the tree is sprayed with 1% Bordeaux mixture.

The most common pests of rowan:

• rowan moth;
• red-winged hawthorn elephant;
• rowan mite.

Pests live throughout the winter in surface layer soil. During the active growing season, foliage and fruits are damaged. If you loosen the soil in time in the spring, all pests will die. For the purpose of prevention and protection against pests, the most common lime is also used. It is used to whiten the lower part of the trunk.

Application of the berry

Nevezhinskaya rowan is a storehouse of useful vitamins and minerals. Her healing properties have been used for many years. Content useful substances in the leafy part of the plant there is even more than in the fruit part. Carotenoids, organic acids, antioxidants have a positive effect on general state body, increase its immunity. Rowan fruits are used on an industrial scale for the production of food coloring.

If your blood pressure rises or you get dysentery, your metabolism is disturbed, or complications arise after diabetes mellitus, use a natural first aid kit and prepare yourself juice or tea from rowan berries.

Berry decoction also helps to effectively relieve swelling, improves the condition of the skin, hair and nails. Rowan fruits help stop bleeding.

At home, rowan berries are often used to make jam, jam, marshmallows, wine, tinctures, sweet molasses and much more.

Advantages and disadvantages of the plant

An unpretentious frost-resistant tree with beneficial delicious fruits There are practically no shortcomings. The disadvantages of the plant include its demands on lighting. Rowan simply does not tolerate shaded areas. In the shade of a tree, the rate of growth and development slows down significantly, and productivity decreases.

Another disadvantage is self-sterility. It is advisable to plant two or three pollinating plants on the site. But if the land holdings are not so large, several varieties can be grafted into the crown of one tree.

The benefits of the rowan tree can be listed endlessly. Let's look at the most basic ones:

• high disease resistance;
• good early fruiting (already in the 4th year of a tree’s life, the first harvest can be harvested);
• unpretentiousness to growing conditions;
• frost resistance.

The plant takes root even in areas where growing any fruit trees is difficult. The most interesting thing is that not only the above-ground part of the plant can withstand severe frost, but also the root system can withstand frost in soil up to 40 cm deep. You will not be left without a harvest even with return frosts. Rowan flowers can tolerate frosts down to -2–3 C o.

Another advantage of Nevezhinskaya rowan is its appearance. Landscape designers very often use rowan as a decorative element in landscaping. A tall plant can be planted next to more heat-loving varieties of fruit trees. Then it will cover them from the winds during the cold season.

Final part

Many gardeners believe that there is no plant more unpretentious in terms of care and living conditions than rowan. When planting a tree, it is important to find the optimal place and help the tree adapt during the first 4–5 years by regularly applying organic fertilizers, pruning and loosening the soil, and protecting it from diseases and pests.

The plant responds well to care and produces high yields. Various culinary masterpieces are prepared from sweet and sour fruits, they are used in medicinal purposes, produce food coloring.

One of the trees that grows almost everywhere is rowan, so it can often be found on garden plots, in forest and meadow areas. There are quite a lot different types this fruit crop, among which special attention deserves the Nevezhinsky rowan, which is a subspecies of the common rowan.

general characteristics

In the 19th century, Peter Smirnov, who was freed, his father and brother returned to Moscow and opened their own business, starting to sell wine. A few years later, the small enterprise became a vodka distillery, whose products received worldwide recognition in 1876. During the world exhibition in 1889, a drink with the name “Nizhyn Rowan” was given first place. The judges appreciated not only original design bottles, but also the taste of the drink itself, which was distinguished by the absence of astringency and bitterness.

Competitors mixed rowan with sugar and other ingredients, but they failed to achieve such success, and all because Peter used a special type of rowan that grew in the village of Nevezhino. They wanted to name that very drink in her honor, but so that rivals would not find out about the place where the tree grew, it received a slightly different name - Nizhyn mountain ash.

The peculiarities of this rowan are that its fruits, unlike other varieties, are larger and do not have a bitter taste after full ripening.

Nevezhinskaya rowan is quite unpretentious. It has high frost resistance, so the tree grows even where most fruit and berry plants are absent. The external shoots of the tree can withstand up to -50 °C, and the roots at a depth of 0.4 m can withstand -14 °C, but this variety of rowan does not like shade.

There are 3 varieties of this tree.

1. Kubovaya has elongated fruits, the ripening of which ends by mid-September. They are quite juicy, their color is usually red-orange.
2. Yellow has a lighter shade of berries, which is close to light orange. The fruits of the tree are medium in size and quite sweet.
3. The red one has bright scarlet fruits of a larger size than the yellow and cube ones.

Description of the plant

Such a tree can reach a height of 10 m. Depending on the light, the crown will have a spherical or pyramidal shape. The bark of this rowan tree has a brown tint.

The leaves of the Nevezhinskaya rowan are quite large, and the flowers that form the inflorescences, on the contrary, are more inconspicuous. Their diameter is no more than 10 cm.

Features of the fetus

The fruits of the tree are shaped like sweet, very small apples, up to 1.5 cm in diameter. Their color is usually red or orange-red. They contain many vitamins and beneficial microelements:

• vitamins P, E, C, PP;
• pectin;
• cellulose;
• potassium;
• iron;
• phosphorus, etc.

Due to such a rich content of elements, rowan is often used to make jams, decoctions and various tinctures.

Growing

To grow rowan on your site, you need to choose a place that is constantly illuminated by the sun. It is important to ensure that the soil you choose is loamy and not waterlogged, clayey or acidic.

You can buy a seedling ready-made or get cuttings from an already mature plant. In the second case, with the arrival of autumn, you need to bend the branch and be sure to pin it to the ground, digging it in a little. After a year, it is necessary to disconnect the bush from the mother tree and grow it for about another year.

Landing Features

Planting a tree is quite simple:

• dig a hole approximately 60x60 cm in size, this is enough for planting an average seedling;
• at the bottom of such a hole you need to place garden soil and add humus to it;
• place the seedling at the bottom of the hole so that it is convenient to cover its roots with soil when planting;
• compact the soil around the tree trunk.

How to care

After planting, the Nevezhinskaya mountain ash needs special care. The ground around the tree needs to be mulched. Watering should be regular, as should loosening the soil. It is imperative to feed the plant with slurry.

With the arrival of the spring and autumn seasons, sanitary pruning needs to be done for rowan trees. This is an essential part of care.

Diseases and the fight against them

Rowan Nevezhinskaya can be susceptible to various diseases:

• anthracnose;
• spotting on leaves;
• powdery mildew;
• moniliosis

One of the most dangerous and common is rust, which damages leaves. Orange-yellow spots appear on them. To eliminate this problem, the rowan must be isolated from the area in which the juniper grows. This plant contributes to the active development of the disease (this step is performed if there is juniper nearby the tree).

Be sure to cut off any branches affected by the disease. Then you need to spray the tree with Bordeaux mixture (1%). It is prepared by mixing 150 g of lime and 100 g of copper sulfate in 10 liters of water. The tree must be treated at least 2-3 times a season. It is best to start treatment in May, and repeat courses after 20-25 days. This method will also help eliminate leaf spot.

With moniliosis, the leaves look as if they were burned, and the berries begin to rot. To eliminate the disease, the drug “Hom” is suitable (40 g per 10 liters of water is enough). You can also use Bordeaux mixture.

Powdery mildew or white coating on berries and leaves, turning into dark spots, is removed using another method. First, you will need to collect all the fallen leaves and burn them to prevent the spread of the disease. With the onset of the growing season, it is important to treat with a mixture of lime and ground sulfur (1:2).

Anthracnose appears in the form of black-brown spots, in which fungal spores can also be seen. To overcome it, you need to collect all the damaged fruits from the rowan and burn them. The tree needs care with Bordeaux mixture.

Pests and methods of controlling them

There are several pests that can be dangerous to rowan:

• rowan mite;
• rowan moth;
• red-winged hawthorn elephant.

The mite usually attacks flower buds and causes a decrease in yield. To combat it, you need to collect and burn all the fallen leaves, use colloidal sulfur in the interval between the ripening of the leaves and the beginning of flowering. Sulfur is diluted in a ratio of 100 g per 10 liters of water.

Rowan moth spoils the berries, causing them to become bitter and spotty. To eliminate it you will need a decoction of tansy. For 10 liters of water, 300 g of these plants will be enough. It is necessary to leave them until fermentation begins and then dilute them by half with water. It should be applied after flowering, and then several more times at intervals of about a week.

The red-winged elephant spoils the stalks, which is why the fruits begin to dry out. To remove it, you need to loosen the soil around the tree with the onset of autumn and be sure to treat it with special preparations. One of them is “Decis”. It is diluted in a ratio of 1 g per 10 liters of water. “Fufanon” is another product that is mixed with water in a ratio of 10 g per volume of water 10 liters.

Prevention of diseases and pests

To avoid problems with pests and diseases, you need to carefully dig up the soil around the rowan regularly. This must be done so that the roots remain intact. The bark of the tree must be constantly cleaned of all kinds of growths and lichens. It is better to collect and burn fallen leaves; some types of pests can lay their larvae in them.

Conclusion

Rowan Nevezhinskaya - unpretentious plant, which can easily become a long-liver in any garden. It will not only perfectly complement the plot, but will also produce many useful fruits from which you can prepare various dishes. Without proper care, a rich harvest and simply beautiful tree will be spoiled.

Home Articles

How I grow Nevezhinsky rowan, experience

Sometimes, in search of seedlings of some rare crop We spend a lot of time on our garden, but we forget about what originally grows on our land.

For example, about ordinary rowan. But from its berries you can make savory jam, healing tinctures, juices, kvass, compotes; They are dried, soaked, and consumed fresh after freezing.

Nevezhinskaya rowan, which differs from the ordinary one in its sweet taste, is especially valuable for amateur gardeners. I planted rowan, first bitter, thirty years ago, and a year later I grafted it with sweet-fruited cuttings. The soil in my garden is clay. Trying to preserve natural conditions, I do not dig under trees.

Occasionally I only add mineral fertilizers to the wells pierced with a crowbar, I cut off thickening and defective branches, and cover the wounds with petrolatum.

Pests and diseases on rowan I didn't notice. This is explained by the fact that the plant releases repellent volatile substances - phytoncides. Their activity is even higher than that of garlic.

Rowan on my site, in addition, saves tomatoes and potatoes from late blight. Rowan trees and rodents avoid them. Flowers appear late and are not affected by frost.

In winter, rowan can withstand frosts of fifty degrees. This crop is very unpretentious and productive (individual trees produce one hundred kilograms of berries annually). Moreover, harvests increase with cross-pollination with other types of rowan

To speed up reproduction, in the fall, before the onset of frost, or in early spring, I transplant forest rowan at the age of two or three, but not older than four years, with a good crown and root system, into the garden. I plant it the same way as other fruit trees.

In the second year after planting in early spring I vaccinate with one-year shoots and perennial (two to three years old) branches with fruit formations(twigs and rings).

Propagate rowan You can also use root suckers and layering. This method is especially effective for propagating sweet-fruited mountain ash. But the beginning of fruiting occurs in the fifth - seventh year.

Trees for rootstocks I grow from seeds of ordinary and nevezhin rowan. I do it this way. After picking the berries and extracting the seeds from them, without allowing them to dry out, at the beginning of September I sow them in well-fertilized, deeply dug, loose soil.

I sow the seeds in a furrow to a depth of 1-1.5 centimeters and sprinkle with humus soil. When seedlings appear, I thin out the seedlings. I leave the distance between plants at 25 - 50 centimeters, but do not dive, so as not to delay their development.

Seedling care consists of loosening and weeding, abundant watering in dry weather and three or four feedings mineral fertilizers with slurry over the summer.

Last year was a fruitful year for rowan. Now there are still berries hanging on the trees. They can be collected and stored until early spring. And then remove the seeds and sow directly into the ground, as mentioned above. You can remove them in winter, rinse them well, mix them with clean, damp sand and put them in the refrigerator for three to four months for stratification, and sow them in the spring.

If the seeds don't germinate, and the first year, seedlings will appear in the second. And the rootstocks can then be grafted with cuttings of sweet-fruited rowan. Many amateur gardeners can do this.

A. Frolenko, amateur gardener. Moscow region.

Grows everywhere. It is a variety but is distinguished by sweet fruits without characteristic bitterness. The adjective in the title is not accidental. The first tree with tasty berries was discovered by a shepherd in a forest located near the village of Nevezhino. He dug it up and replanted it in the vicinity of his home.

The leaves are compound, odd-pinnate, with toothed edges. The flowers are white, unattractive, small, with a pleasant aroma in corymbose inflorescences. The fruits are small false drupes. Their color is bright orange. Nevezhinsky mountain ash blooms a week earlier than apple trees. The photo shows it at different times of the year. Flowers are not afraid of frosts down to -2.5 ° C. Fruiting begins in mid-September.

This tree is unpretentious, frost- and winter-hardy. The roots are able to withstand soil freezing by 40 cm to -14°C. Yields are good year after year, especially when good care. For example, it is possible to collect up to 100 kg of berries from a 35-year-old tree.

Rowan nevezhinskaya is demanding in terms of lighting and is completely unpretentious in relation to heat. If there is a shortage sunlight(if thickened

planting), branches in the crown die. In this case, clusters of berries can form only along the periphery of the crown. If the tree is illuminated sufficiently, then the pyramidal crown at a young age will transform over the years into a round one, capable of forming a large harvest. This should not be forgotten when landing.

Nevezhinsky rowan can grow on any soil, but medium loam is preferable. The optimal time for planting is spring, before the buds swell, or autumn, a month before frost. In many areas, these trees are planted along the edges, then they protect other plantings from bad weather.

Nevezhinsky mountain ash has a shallow root system, so processing the tree trunk circle should be carried out carefully. Optimal care is to dig a trench 0.5 m deep around the perimeter of the crown and add 4 buckets of manure, humus or compost into it. The remaining space must be filled with excavated soil. It is advisable to repeat this procedure every 2 years.

Rowan nevezhinskaya begins to bear fruit earlier than other trees - in the 4th year. Delaying the collection of berries is undesirable, since flocks of starlings and thrushes, during their migration, will definitely stop to feast on them, and a few minutes will be enough for them to “make your work easier.”

If the berries are intended to be used immediately, then it is wiser to collect them without leaves. If it is necessary to preserve, then the brushes must be collected with leaves, laid in a cm thick layer and placed at a temperature of about 0°C.

Nevezhinskaya rowan is an excellent source of phytoncides. Plants planted next to it are practically not affected by fungal diseases, in particular late blight. And how beautiful it is, blooming and bearing fruit! Plant this wonderful tree near your home, it will benefit both body and soul.

What you won’t surprise a summer resident with is rowan berries. And where does it seem to be of interest? It grows everywhere, in forests and fields, and is simply planted to improve areas. And they call her all sorts of names - mountain ash, rowan, and even pea. This is in Russian. And the Ukrainians also call it a stinker and a humpback and a scoundrel.

The tree is very unpretentious, can withstand frosts down to -50 degrees, it doesn’t care at all! And even in winter, if the birds don’t bite, bright orange fruits hang on it. And lives up to 200 years! And there is no harm from it, all benefit. Maybe that's why they love her?

At the end of September, when the rowan berries ripen, there is even a national holiday - Peter and Paul's Day. On this day, branches with rowan berries were cut and tied into bunches, which were hung under the roofs of houses. It is believed that this will protect a person from various troubles and misfortunes. So rowan is not so simple!

Rowan leaves were also put into the shoes of the bride and groom, and the berries were stuffed into the pockets of the newlyweds, so that not a single witch could interfere with the happiness of the newlyweds.

So we planted mountain ash near the house. Maybe that’s why everything is fine with us, so to speak, we’re on the safe side, because the rowan is also a symbol of happiness and peace in the family.

The branches of the rowan tree are very flexible, so it is easy to shape, which is what we did - we pulled the branches of the rowan tree with ropes and pinned it to the ground so that it would grow slender and beautiful.

Here it is, already with berries, albeit slightly bitter in taste. And the fact that rowan is bitter is indicated even by its name, because its name is Sorbus aucuparia - the word “sorbus” translated from Celtic means tart.

Rowan Nevezhinskaya

However, we also have another mountain ash growing in our dacha - the Nevezhinskaya variety. Unlike its bitter relatives, the taste of Nevezhinsky rowan is very pleasant, sweetish, without bitterness. I can just eat it by the handful.

We planted this rowan tree near a pond; the shape of this rowan tree is weeping, so we decided that it belonged there. Let him cry in the pond.

Compared to ordinary rowan, the fruits of the Nezhevin rowan are devoid of bitterness and astringency, even in an unripe state. It contains up to 150 mg of vitamin C, and up to 12 mg of carotene. In terms of vitamin C content, it can compete with such champions of vitamins as lemon and black currant, and in terms of the amount of carotene it contains, it is not inferior to rose hips and carrots.

Just like ordinary rowan, Nevezhinskaya tolerates frost well and bears fruit every year.

Rowan fruits are tasty both fresh and prepared. You can make jam, jam, puree, pastille, jams, and compotes from the berries of the Nevezhin rowan. And also marmalade, kvass, juices, wine, tinctures.

Rowan is good and how medicinal plant. It has a pronounced diuretic and tonic properties. Used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Here is one of my recipes - rowan berries with sugar. Rinse the berries and dry them slightly.

If you are going to store it, you can boil this mixture a little. But I think that this kills the vitamins, so I just put them in jars and put them in the refrigerator. They don't last long with me. I eat a few spoons every morning. Both tasty and healthy!

Rowan varieties

Bead

The variety was obtained by selecting promising forms from the population. It is characterized by good adaptability, resistant to spring and autumn frosts, pests and diseases. The tree is medium-sized. The variety begins to bear fruit in 3–4 years and is highly productive. The fruits are medium-sized, bright red, shiny. The pulp is juicy, without astringency, the taste resembles cranberries.

Sorbinka

The variety was obtained by selecting promising forms from the population. Highly productive, high yielding. The fruits are very large (up to 2.4 g), red, juicy, sweetish-sour, without bitterness, collected in very large corymbs (up to 300–400 g). The variety is resistant to diseases.

Nevezhinskaya

A variety of folk selection. It begins to bear fruit in 5–6 years, the yield is up to 100 kg per tree. Sometimes there is a periodicity of fruiting. The fruits are medium-sized, elongated, pentagonal, red. The pulp is juicy, sweet and sour, without bitterness. Sugar content – ​​10–12%. Dessert variety.

Kubova's daughter (Sunny)

The variety is winter-hardy, resistant to soil and air drought, pests and diseases. The tree is medium-sized. Productivity is high, bears fruit annually. It begins to bear fruit in 3–4 years. The fruits are medium, very beautiful, bright orange. The pulp is tender, dessert taste, without signs of bitterness. The fruits of this variety produce delicious juice and jelly, mashed with sugar.

Name

Mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia L.)- a deciduous tree of the Rosaceae family, up to 20 m high (mostly 4-6 m), less commonly a shrub with a superficial root system.

Description

The bark is gray, smooth, young branches are fluffy. The leaves are alternate, odd-pinnate, oblong or oblong-lanceolate. Young leaves are pubescent below, later ones are bare. The flowers are white or pinkish with unpleasant smell(the smell of trimethylamine, reminiscent of the smell of horse manure), are collected in a dense corymbose inflorescence - a panicle, up to 10 cm in diameter. The fruits are spherical, apple-shaped, bright red or orange-red, juicy. The seeds are reddish, sickle-shaped, sharp at the end. It blooms in May - June, the fruits ripen in September - October and usually remain on the trees until late winter. Rowan bears fruit annually from 5-7 years of age. A good rowan harvest is usually observed every 1-3 years, greatest harvest gives from 35-40 years. One tree can produce up to 80-100 kg of fruit. Propagated by seeds and root suckers. Lives up to 200 years. It grows along the banks of rivers, lakes, in fields, along roads, in the undergrowth of coniferous and mixed forests, along forest edges, and is planted in squares, parks, and gardens. With a lack of light, it develops poorly and bears almost no fruit; withstands cold and drought, shade-tolerant. It grows quickly, growing by 0.5 m in one year.

Economic purpose

They use very hard, heavy wood that is highly polished. It is used to make furniture, wooden utensils, spoons, handles, turning tools, and machine parts. Thin flexible branches and strong trunks are used to make furniture, baskets, wickerwork, and children's sleighs. Black dye is obtained from young branches. The bark is used in tanning and dyeing leather.

Collection and drying of raw materials

Ripe rowan fruits are harvested in August - October, before the onset of frost. Usually they are cut in whole clusters, and only before drying they are cleared of leaves, stalks and impurities. Dry in dryers at a temperature of 60-70°C, Russian ovens, well-ventilated areas or under canopies. The shelf life of the fruit is 2 years. The taste of the raw material is bitterish-sour, the aroma is weak. Leaves and flowers are harvested during flowering and dried in the shade, well-ventilated places. Shelf life of leaves and flowers is 1 year.

Fresh fruits are stored all winter at a temperature of 1-2 ° C or frozen.

Utility

Rowan fruits contain carotene, folic acid, vitamin C, K, flavonoids, sugar, tannins, pectin, bitter substances, organic acids, essential oil, alcohol, sorbitol, pigments, antibacterial substances, traces of hydrocyanic acid, trace elements (manganese, iron, aluminum). Phytoncides were found in the leaves, ascorbic acid, microelements, in the seeds - fatty oil suitable for food, glycoside, in the bark - tannins of the highest quality.

Pharmacological properties.

The plant has anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, capillary-strengthening, vitamin, astringent, mild laxative, diaphoretic, diuretic effects, lowers blood pressure, increases blood clotting. Rowan fruit pectins prevent fermentation processes in the intestines, reduce gas formation and, having adsorbing properties, promote the binding and elimination of various toxins. Organic acids and bitterness of rowan increase secretion and enhance the digestive ability of gastric juice, which, along with the choleretic effect, helps improve digestion. Oil extracts from rowan fruits, containing a significant amount of carotene and carotenoids, have a wound- and ulcer-healing, anti-inflammatory effect, and promote the formation of less rough scars.

Application in medicine

A decoction of the bark is used for hypertension. Has antibacterial activity.

The branches are used for rheumatism.

Infusions and decoctions of rowan flowers are used for diseases of the liver, kidneys and urinary tract, as well as the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, they help with hemorrhoids, colds and coughs, as well as in gynecology. A decoction of flowers helps with goiter.

The leaves and fruits are used as a decoction for general weakness, scurvy, and vitamin deficiencies.

Recipes.

Rowan fruit infusion. Infuse 20 g of fruits in 200 ml of boiling water for 4 hours, strain. Drink 100 ml 2-3 times a day before meals for gastritis with low acidity of gastric juice, hemorrhoids, kidney disease, liver disease, atherosclerosis, bleeding.

A decoction of rowan fruits. Boil 20 g of rowan fruits, 25 g of rose hips in 400 ml of water for 10 minutes, leave in a warm place for 12 hours, then strain. Drink 100 ml 2-3 times a day for hypovitaminosis and general weakness.

A decoction of rowan fruits and leaves. Boil 15 g of rowan fruits and leaves in 200 ml of water for 10 minutes, leave for 2 hours, then strain. Drink 50 ml 2-3 times a day for scurvy, general weakness after serious illnesses, operations, vitamin deficiencies.

A decoction of rowan bark. Boil 10 g of crushed rowan bark in 200 ml of boiling water for 10 minutes, leave for 6 hours, then strain. Drink 1 tablespoon 3 times a day for hypertension.

A decoction of rowan flowers. Boil 10 g of flowers in 200 ml of water for 10 minutes, strain. Drink 50 ml 2-3 times a day for coughs, liver diseases, hemorrhoids, goiter, and women's diseases.

Rowan juice. Squeeze the juice from the rowan fruits. Take 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day for scurvy, general weakness, hypovitaminosis, after serious illnesses.

Rowanberry syrup. Mix rowan juice with sugar and simmer over low heat until the syrup becomes thick. Take 1 tablespoon 4 times a day for rheumatism, kidney stones, bladder stones, and salt metabolism disorders.

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Rowan jam

1. Blanch the rowan fruits in a 2.5-3% saline solution for 5 minutes, drain in a colander, and rinse with cold water. Pour the fruits into a basin, pour sugar syrup for 3 hours, then cook for 10-20 minutes. After 8-10 hours, cook until done, cool, put in jars, cover with parchment paper or plastic lids.

2. Place the rowan fruits in a warm oven for a few minutes, then pour boiling water for 5 minutes, drain in a colander, dip in sugar syrup and cook for 15 minutes. Repeat this 3 times with a 5 minute break.

3. Blanch the rowan fruits in salted water for 3-5 minutes, drain in a colander, and rinse with cold water. Place the fruits in a basin, pour hot sugar syrup for 8 hours, then cook over low heat until tender in 3 batches, periodically removing for 15 minutes. Carefully remove the foam. Cool the jam, put it in jars, cover with lids or parchment paper.
(1 kg of fruit, 1.5 kg of sugar, 600 ml of water.)

4. Blanch ripe rowan fruits in salted water for 3-5 minutes, drain in a colander, and rinse with cold water. Place the fruits in a basin, pour chilled sugar syrup for 12 hours. Then drain the syrup, boil, cool and dip the fruits in it for a day, then cook over low heat until tender.
(1 kg of rowan fruit, 1.5 kg of sugar, 600 ml of water.)

5. Select large rowan berries, wash them in cold water. Prepare sugar syrup from sugar and water, cool it, pour over the berries for a day. Drain the syrup, boil it, cool and pour over the berries again for a day. For the third time, bring the berries in the syrup to readiness at a low simmer. Pack the finished jam hot into sterile jars and roll up.
(1 kg of rowan berries, 1.5 kg of sugar, 2.5 glasses of water)

Rowan jelly

Rinse the rowan berries with cold water, blanch in salted water for 3 minutes, and rinse again with cold water. Then add water to cover the fruits and cook over low heat until softened. Squeeze out the juice, add sugar, cook until the consistency of jelly.
(1 kg of rowan fruit, 400 ml of water, 150 g of sugar.)

Rowan jelly

Pour boiling water over the rowan fruits for 15 minutes, drain in a colander. When the water has drained, mash with a wooden pestle, pour boiling water over it, and rub through a sieve. Transfer the mixture into a bowl, add sugar and cook over low heat until marmalade thickens, cool. Then place on parchment paper, sprinkle with powdered sugar or sugar, smooth with a knife, and dry on a baking sheet in the oven over low heat. Cut the marmalade into pieces of different shapes and put them in jars.
(1 kg of rowan, 1 kg of sugar, 150 ml of water.)

Rowanberry drink with cranberries

Mix rowan juice with cranberry juice, add sugar, dilute with chilled boiled water.
(200 ml rowan juice, 50 ml cranberry juice, 500 ml water, sugar to taste.)

Rowan drink with rose hips

Boil dried rowan fruits with crushed rose hips for 10 minutes, leave for 4-5 hours in a thermos, then strain, add sugar.
(50 g each of dried rowan and rose hips, 1 liter of water, sugar to taste.)

Rowan-apple drink

Mix rowan juice with apple juice, dilute with chilled boiled water, add sugar or honey.
(50 ml rowan juice, 100 g apple juice, 250 ml water, sugar to taste.)

Rowan jam.

Method 2. Boil rowan fruits in water until softened, drain the water, add sugar and cook over low heat until the consistency of jam (can be mixed with berry, fruit, vegetable purees and cook together until tender).
(1 kg of rowan, 500 g of sugar, 200 ml of water, or 1 kg of rowan puree, 1 kg of any other puree, 1 kg of sugar.)

Method 2. The berries are washed, dried, and then either kept in the freezer for 24 hours, or boiled for 1-2 minutes. Pass it through a meat grinder, add sugar to the mixture (1 kg of sugar per 2 kg of berries), leave for 2 hours, add 1 glass of boiling water per 1 kg of berries and cook over low heat in several stages until a drop begins to spread over the saucer.

Rowan puree

Blanch the rowan fruits in a 2% saline solution, rinse with cold water, pass through a meat grinder or rub through a sieve, place in jars, cover with lids and pasteurize at a temperature of 80 °C: half-liter jars - 15, liter - 20 minutes. Seal the lids. You can add sugar to the puree.
(1 kg of rowan fruits, 800 g of sugar.)

"Pock"

Beat the egg white with water, dip the rowan fruits, sprinkle with powdered sugar and dry in the oven on a baking sheet covered with parchment paper and sugar.
(1 kg of rowan, 2 egg whites, 50 ml of water, 100 g of powdered sugar, 80 g of sugar.

Natural rowan

The berries are washed, placed tightly in jars (0.5 l), filled with hot boiled water, covered with lids, sterilized for 20 minutes, hermetically sealed and cooled.

Rowan in sugar

Dip rowan branches into hot 70% sugar syrup, then sprinkle with sugar or powdered sugar and dry in a warm oven. Store in jars covered with parchment paper in a cool place.
(1 kg of rowan, 700 g of sugar, 300 ml of water, 100 g of powdered sugar.)

Rowan in its own juice

The berries are washed and blanched for 3 minutes. The cooled berries are placed in sterile jars (0.5 l), poured with boiled rowan juice, covered with lids, sterilized for 20 minutes, hermetically sealed and cooled.

Rowan on honey

Bake rowan fruits, collected after the first frost, in the oven or oven on a baking sheet. Bring honey to a boil, mix with baked rowan fruits and cook like jam.
(1 kg of rowan, 250 g of honey.)

Rowan fig

Place rowan fruits, collected after the first frost, in a saucepan, close the lid tightly, keep in the oven at 50°C for 4-5 hours until softened, then transfer to a basin, add water to cover the berries, and cook over low heat 40 minutes. Rub the cooked fruits through a sieve, add sugar and cook, stirring, over low heat until the mass thickens and begins to separate from the walls and bottom of the basin. Transfer the puree to a dish moistened with cold water and place in a warm place for 2-3 hours. Cut the dried mass into pieces of any shape, sprinkle with powdered sugar, put in glass jars, cover with parchment paper. Store in a cool dry place.
(1 kg of rowan, 1.2 kg of sugar, 150 g of powdered sugar.)

Rowan juice

Cook ripe blanched rowan fruits over low heat until softened, squeeze out the juice, pour into jars or bottles and pasteurize at a temperature of 70°C for half-liter jars - 15, liter - 25 minutes. Seal the lids. Store in a cool place.

Who has not experienced the original taste of rowan berries in their lifetime? Everyone, at least once, has tasted these small red fruits, which after the first frosts become sweeter and decorate the graceful tree with their tassels all winter. “Nevezhinskaya” is one of the most famous varieties of mountain ash, and even those who do not know its name have seen the trees themselves many times in their lives. Meanwhile, this plant has one significant advantage - its berries have no bitterness, they are sweeter than those of the mountain ash that grows in the forest. But this is not the only advantage of the variety.

Rowan Nevezhinskaya was named so thanks to the village of Nevezhino, in the Vladimir region. There it has been grown as a garden crop for more than a hundred years. In fact, this is a clone of the mountain ash, created exclusively through the efforts of Mother Nature. Considering the unpretentiousness of the plant, it is easy to understand why it is so widespread in our country. For unknown reasons, rowan received its second name - Nezhinskaya, which can also be found in the everyday life of many gardeners. However, the original name should still be used.

The Nevezhinskaya mountain ash tree can grow up to 10 meters in height, and its crown is correct pruning takes a pyramidal shape

The tree can grow up to ten meters. The shape of the crown depends on the lighting conditions. So, in the shadow it can take the shape of a pyramid, however, having received the necessary light in the right amount, it transforms into a spherical one. In this case, fruits that previously grew only on the periphery will appear deep in the crown itself. The color of the bark is different from the usual gray-brown - it is darker and more brown. The tree lives for 30 years or more (hundred-year-old mountain ash trees are also found).

The berries of Nevezhinskaya rowan are larger than those of ordinary rowan, collected in large clusters

The leaves are large, odd-pinnate. The flowers are inconspicuous and collected in inflorescences-corymbs, which reach 10 cm in diameter and exude a strong and rather unusual aroma. Rowan fruits are spherical, shaped like an apple, bright red or with an orange tint. Each of them can reach up to one and a half centimeters in diameter. Rowan blossoms occur in late May - early June, and the harvest is harvested in September - October.

Rowan Nevezhinskaya blooms at the end of May - beginning of June

It should be noted that Nevezhinskaya is, rather, a collective name, since as a result of folk selection, varieties such as Nevezhinskaya cube, Nevezhinskaya yellow and Nevezhinskaya red were born.

1. Nevezhinskaya vubovaya is the most common variety of the entire trinity. The fruits are red with an orange tint, pentagonal, elongated. The taste of the pulp is sweet with a slight sourness, very pleasant. The seeds are small, light brown.
2. Nevezhinskaya yellow is not so common. With large round and ribbed fruits of yellow-orange color. The pulp is inferior in juiciness to Kubova.
3. Nevezhinskaya red - has large bright red berries. Of the three, the pulp is the sweetest.

It is worth noting that the size and weight of the berries are almost the same for all three varieties. Nevezhinskaya red has the largest fruits.

Rowan berries are simply unique in their beneficial properties - they are a real storehouse of vitamins and microelements.

Rowan berries are simply a storehouse of health-promoting microelements and vitamins

Table: composition and energy value of red rowan berries

Element	Substance content per 100 g
The nutritional value
Calorie content	50 kcal
Squirrels	1.4 g
Fats	0.2 g
Carbohydrates	8.9 g
Alimentary fiber	5.4 g
Organic acids	2.2 g
Vitamins
Vitamin PP	0.5 mg
Beta-carotene	9 mg
Vitamin A (VE)	1500 mcg
Vitamin B1 (thiamine)	0.05 mg
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)	0.02 mg
Vitamin B9 (folate)	0.2 mcg
Vitamin C	70 mg
Vitamin E (TE)	1.4 mg
Vitamin PP (Niacin Equivalent)	0.7 mg
Macronutrients
Calcium	42 mg
Magnesium	331 mg
Potassium	230 mg
Phosphorus	17 m
Microelements
Iron	2 mg
Zinc	0.3 mg
Copper	120 mcg
Manganese	2 mg

Fiber and pectin are the substances that allow you to remove various toxic substances and even radionuclides from the body. The bark and leaves of the tree contain phytoncide. This is why mountain ash is a good neighbor for potatoes, protecting them from late blight. It is no secret that the potato harvest stored for storage is sprinkled with rowan leaves. But what is completely surprising is the fact that freshly cut branches placed in a jug with swamp water make it usable after 2 - 3 hours.

Photo gallery of varieties of mountain ash Nevezhinskaya

Rowan variety Nevezhinskaya cube Rowan variety Nevezhinskaya yellow Rowan variety Nevezhinskaya red

Advantages and disadvantages

It seems that there is no point in once again mentioning the content of useful microelements in rowan berries. It remains to be noted that tinctures and decoctions are made from them, jams are made, dried for the winter and simply consumed fresh. In addition, rowan fruits are used as a prophylactic and for the treatment of vitamin deficiency, hypertension, anemia, exhaustion and atherosclerosis. Rowan jam is used for colds, lung diseases and rheumatism, as well as constipation.

The average yield from one rowan tree "Nevezhinskaya" is 35 kg, but this is far from the limit

The unpretentiousness of rowan, or rather, its unique frost resistance allows it to easily spread even in those regions where many fruit and berry plants are inaccessible. The above-ground part can withstand frosts down to -50 degrees, and the roots survive freezing of the soil at a depth of 40 cm to a temperature of -14 degrees. Flowers are not afraid of frosts down to -2.5 degrees, so the likelihood of a bountiful harvest when cold weather returns increases.

Rowan is very decorative during flowering, when it is covered with white fragrant caps that attract pollinating insects.

The early fruitfulness of rowan is good: the first harvest can be obtained already in the fourth year of the tree’s life. Add here the annual fruiting in combination with high yield- it is quite possible to collect up to 40 kg from one plant. There are known cases when up to 100 kg were collected from a tree over 35 years old. Of course, without proper care it will be more difficult to count on such indicators.

The decorative qualities of mountain ash are beyond doubt, and landscape designers often use it in their work.

It is difficult to find any disadvantages of the Nevezhinskaya mountain ash. Is that its vulnerability to shaded places - there it slows down in development and does not bear fruit. But this shortcoming can be easily corrected by simply planting the tree in a well-lit place.

It can be noted that it is self-sterile - when self-pollinating, rowan will not set fruit, so plant other varieties nearby (Kubovaya, Zheltaya and Red). The ideal is to have 3 - 4 trees on the site (this will significantly increase the yield), but if it is small, it is possible to graft several varieties into the crown of one tree.

Plant rowan in an open sunny place - the Nevezhinskaya variety is very light-loving, and at the same time it will shade other plantings and protect them from cold winds

Planting and propagation

It is best to plant rowan on the northern or eastern sides of the site in order to protect more heat-loving plants from cold winds. Rowan itself, for all its frost resistance, easily tolerates drafts. However, it should not obscure other plantings.

Rowan is undemanding to soil types, but light and medium loams are best suited for it. A distance of 4 - 5 meters is maintained between trees.

Planting is done in the fall during mass leaf fall or in the spring - before the buds swell. In the second case, the planting pit is prepared in the fall. It should be 100 cm in diameter and 70 cm in depth. Before planting, a nutrient mixture consisting of 500 g of superphosphate, 100 g of potassium salt and 10 - 12 kg of humus is laid at the bottom of the hole, which is covered with the roots. You can add 400 g of ash. The root collar of the seedling can be buried 5 cm, without causing damage to the tree - this is what distinguishes rowan from many fruit and berry plants. After planting, the tree is watered and mulched abundantly. trunk circle humus or peat.

Rowan planted on a plot repels many pests and diseases, so potatoes are often planted next to it to avoid late blight.

Rowan can be propagated by grafting or budding.

1. Common rowan is used as a rootstock. The best time for budding is July and early August. They take a sleeping peephole for her.
2. The grafting is carried out in the second half of July, because it is at this time that it is easy to separate the bark from the rootstock, and the buds of the scion are already well developed and mature.

Budding is one of the methods of rowan propagation

You can also use grafting behind the bark - before the sap begins to flow, as well as lateral grafting of the cuttings when cutting into the wood. To do this, take a seedling aged two to three years with a trunk 8 to 10 cm in diameter, planted in a permanent place. In this case, vaccination is carried out the following year.

Plant care

Rowan will grow and develop properly with systematic feeding, pruning, soil cultivation and control of diseases and pests.

Watering and loosening

The ground near the trees must be kept free of weeds and periodically loosened. In order for rowan to grow better in adulthood, after planting for two to three years it must be dug around the perimeter of a tree trunk circle with a diameter of 3 meters. The digging depth is two spade bayonets.

Remember, your task is not to damage the roots, but to feed them. During this process, compost or any other plant residues are added to the soil. In the first two years, it is advisable to grow onions, lettuce, dill or garlic in this place, and then perennials. herbaceous plants. This will ensure that the area adjacent to the mountain ash is sodded. Subsequently, when its roots penetrate this zone, the earth will already be supplied with all the necessary nutrients, and will also easily allow water and air to pass through.

The first loosening of the soil is carried out in early spring, and after that another 4 - 5 times during the season. This must be done immediately after harvesting, and then mulched with peat or compost.

Rowan is undemanding to moisture, but it also does not tolerate drought well - the number of fruits is reduced and their quality deteriorates. To avoid this, during the dry season, be sure to water the tree at the beginning of the growing season, two to three weeks before harvesting and the same period after harvesting. It takes 2-3 buckets per plant; the water is poured into a groove, which is dug around the trunk. The drier the land and the older the tree, the more water it uses.

Rowan overwinters in winter without shelter due to its amazing frost resistance.

Rowan overwinters well in the central zone of the country, without requiring shelter. Generative buds, like vegetative buds of rowan, have less frost resistance, but return frosts are easily tolerated.

Feeding and fertilizer

Systematic fertilizing allows you to get a larger harvest. In the spring of each year, humus (5 - 8 kg) and ammonium nitrate (50 g) are added to the tree trunk circle for digging. Also, every year at the beginning of summer, a solution of fresh mullein, diluted in 10 liters of water in a ratio of 1:5, is poured. You can replace it with bird droppings, but the proportion 1:10 will already be applicable to it. At the end of summer, half a liter of wood ash and 100 g of superphosphate are also added every season. This is done after the harvest.

Trimming

Pruning can be done 4 to 5 years after planting. During all this time, the tree is not touched at all, and it manages to form an arbitrary crown instead of a pyramidal one. At this moment they begin to form it.

We take the central conductor to a side branch, and cut out the shoots at the age of two to three years. We remove the semi-skeletal branch into a ring, shorten annual shoots by a third so that new ones can quickly grow.

Pruning rowan in the third year after planting

In May, the skeletal branches will need to be bent towards the ground using guy wires. We tie a string to the middle of the branch, having previously placed a piece of some material under it, and fix the other end on a peg. It is important to tie the middles of the branches, and not their tops, otherwise tops will begin to grow on the bends, which will need to be gotten rid of. We keep the tree in this position until autumn, after which we untie all the ropes.

In the spring, new growths are cut off, as are shoots directed upward on the central conductor, as well as vertical tops - all this allows you to restrain the growth of mountain ash. In the future, you will need to remove branches growing under each other, as well as inside the crown, thickening it. In the fall, preventive sanitary pruning is carried out, the purpose of which is to remove damaged and dry branches.

Pest Control

Among the pests of rowan it is worth noting:

• rowan moth,
• red-winged hawthorn elephant,
• rowan mite.

The rowan moth damages the berries by making small passages in them, which is why the fruits begin to become bitter and become covered with dark spots. As a preventative measure, the soil under the trees is dug up (but shallowly and carefully, trying not to damage the high-lying rowan roots), fallen leaves, which may contain cocoons, are collected and burned, and the bark is cleared of lichens and various growths.

The remedies used when the codling moth appears are good against rowan moths. This is a decoction of tansy (300 g of plants per 10 liters of water - infused until fermentation and diluted with water twice), which is used first after flowering, and then 3 - 4 more times with an interval of 5 - 6 days. The drug entobacterin is also quite good (50 - 100 g per 10 liters of water - enough for one hundred square meters), which is especially successfully used at air temperatures of 20 - 25 degrees and above. The first spraying is carried out a week after flowering, the second and third with a difference of 15 days.

The rowan moth spoils the berries by making small passages in them.

The drying of the fruits may be caused by the red-winged hawthorn elephant, which gnaws the stalks. To combat it, in the fall they loosen the soil around the mountain ash, and also treat it with Decis (1 g per 10 l) and Fufanon (10 ml per 10 l - 2 - 5 liters are needed per tree, depending on age).

The female hawthorn elephant gnaws the stalks, as a result of which the berries begin to dry out

The rowan gall mite especially often plagues rowan trees, destroying flower buds and reducing yields.. In order to cope with it, fallen leaves are raked and destroyed, and in the period between the appearance of leaves and flowering, they are treated with colloidal sulfur (100 g per 10 l).

The rowan gall mite eats flower buds and damages the future harvest

One can also note periodic cases of attack by green apple and rowan aphids, which suck vital juices from trees. It can be detected by curled and drying leaves at the ends of young shoots. At the first appearance of the pest, use one of the insecticides to choose from - Decis (1 g per 10 l), Actellik (2 ml per 2 l - 1.5 l of solution is needed per 10 sq. m.) or Karate (5 ml per 10 l) .

You can determine the presence of aphids on mountain ash by curled and drying leaves on the tops of young shoots

Diseases

Among the diseases on mountain ash are:

• rust,
• leaf spotting,
• moniliosis,
• powdery mildew,
• anthracnose

Rust is the most common guest on mountain ash and causes significant harm to the tree. It damages leaves and appears as yellow-orange spots on the outside of the leaf. Rust especially often visits mountain ash in those areas where juniper grows, which serves as a place for one of the intermediate stages of the development of the disease.

To cope with it, rowan must be isolated from juniper plantings (if, of course, there is one), cut out the affected branches and spray with 1% Bordeaux mixture (100 g of copper sulfate, 150 g of lime per 10 liters of water) 2 - 3 times a day. during the season. The procedure begins at the end of May, and subsequent ones are carried out at intervals of 20–25 days.

Rust is a common disease of mountain ash, especially if juniper grows nearby

Leaf spot is caused by different fungi, so the signs of leaf spot may vary. These can be small brown or ash-gray spots with a dark border (with phyllostictosis). Regardless of the type of spotting, old leaves are collected and destroyed, and the tree is sprayed with 1% Bordeaux mixture.

Various types of spotting are caused by fungi, which can be removed using Bordeaux mixture.

Moniliosis or fruit rot is especially dangerous during prolonged rainy periods with low temperatures. Moniliosis is especially noticeable when the leaves and shoots turn brownish-brown and dry out, looking as if they have been burned. Fruit rot causes the berries to rot on the tree, covering them with multiple whitish-cream lumps. If the weather is dry, the development of the disease stops, but only until the next rains. In the process of fighting the disease, the drug Hom (40 g per 10 l) is used. Treatment with the same 1% Bordeaux mixture also helps.

Leaves and young shoots may be affected powdery mildew, which initially looks like a white coating, and then coarsens and turns into dark spots. Warm and humid weather only increases the spread of the disease. To prevent the spread of the disease, fallen leaves are collected and burned, and during the growing season they are dusted with a mixture of ground sulfur and lime in a 2:1 ratio. For one square meter 0.3 g of mixture is used.

Anthracnose on mountain ash is also not uncommon. Because of it, brown-black spots appear on the berries, on which pads with fungal spores are noted. In this case, the affected berries must be immediately removed and burned, and the tree must be treated with invaluable 1% Bordeaux mixture (essentially this universal solution for any fungal diseases).

Anthracnose can lead not only to the death of the crop, but also of the entire tree.

Harvesting

At the beginning of September, the berries begin to ripen; they can be eaten fresh or frozen for the winter. Due to its density, the crop retains the best for a long time taste qualities. Suffice it to say that without freezing or placing it in the refrigerator at all, the shelf life will be about two months. At the same time, neither microbes nor bacteria will be able to settle on the berries. But if you decide to create a stock for a longer period, the collected fruits will have to be frozen. To do this, they are washed, allowed to dry and laid out in plastic bags, after which it is tightly closed and placed in the freezer. Frozen rowan can be stored for two years. It is also possible to dry or even wither the berries - this is an excellent and healthy treat that will also be stored for quite a long time.

A marshmallow with a unique taste is made from rowan berries.

From freshly picked berries, tinctures and decoctions are made, juice is squeezed, fruit drinks, syrups and compotes are prepared, they are candied and even made into marshmallows, which have an original taste.

If for some reason you picked berries after the first frost, try to use them as quickly as possible, since a crop touched by frost loses its ability to last for a long time.

Information article about Nevezhinsky rowan, its differences from the common rowan. Description of the plant, varieties, and care. Use of rowan fruits in folk medicine and cooking. The bright red clusters of rowan trees serve as a source of inspiration for poets and artists. And the Nezhin rowan also has its own history and its own secret. It is connected with the history and global popularity of Smirnov vodkas and liqueurs.

Historical information about how the Nevezhinsky mountain ash became Nezhinsky, description of the plant, variety

Back in the middle of the 19th century, the former serf Pyotr Smirnov, having received his freedom, together with his father and brother arrived in Moscow from the Yaroslavl province. This happened in 1858. And already in 1860 he opened his first establishment, where he successfully sold wine. Three years later, the former serf becomes a merchant of the third guild and opens a vodka distillery. Things are going so well that Smirnov vodka becomes the winner of international exhibitions and receives worldwide recognition by 1876.

In 1889 at the world exhibition gold medal receives a drink released under the name "Nezhinskaya". The product impressed the judges not only with its very cute bottle, with an elongated neck and base in the form of a corrugated skirt, but also with its extraordinary taste. The rowan drink had no bitterness or astringency at all.

Competitors added ordinary sugar to rowan berries, but were unable to obtain the desired taste. And the secret was that Peter Smirnov had been familiar with very sweet and large rowan from the village since childhood. Nevezhina, what happened in the Vladimir province. Where half a ton of delicious berries were collected for the Smirnovsky plant. Initially, the drink was planned to be called “Nevezhinskaya Rowan”.

But so that competitors would not guess where the raw materials for P. Smirnov’s next masterpiece were collected, the drink was named “Nezhin Rowan”, and a whole box of the high-quality drink was presented to the King of Spain. Indeed, at first glance, Nevezhinsky rowan does not differ from ordinary rowan. In fact, the plant is a variety of mountain ash, and gets its name from its place of growth.

This is a deciduous tree with openwork, odd-pinnate foliage, dense shields of inflorescences white. However, the fruits of Nevezhinsky rowan are large and do not have a bitter taste at the time of ripening. Currently, the following Nevezhin rowan trees have been bred and successfully grown:

1. Kubovaya or Nevezhinskaya kubovaya with elongated fruits of orange-red color, the fruits are juicy and very sweet, ripen by September 15.
2. Yellow - its characteristics are similar to Kubova, but the color of the berries is yellow-orange.
3. Red - the fruits are larger and sweeter than the previous variety, the color of the fruits is scarlet.

All that remains is to find out how to grow sweet and tasty Nevezhin rowan in your garden plot.

How to plant and grow Nevezhinsky mountain ash on a plot

Planting material

To plant rowan nevezhinskaya in the garden you need planting material. Here you can either buy a ready-made seedling from a trusted manufacturer, or you need to already have an adult tree and get layering from it. To do this, a branch is bent in the fall or spring. After which it is pinned to the soil and covered with earth. After a year, the bush is separated from the mother plant and grown in the same place for another year. After which the plant is dug up and transplanted to a new location.

Important! For getting good harvest It is advisable to plant two varieties of rowan nevezhinskaya. IN as a last resort You can plant rowan as a pollinator. For propagation, you can try rooting, but these plants should not be propagated by seeds; new plants may not inherit the qualities of the mother tree.

Planting and care

Video about the benefits of rowan:

A well-lit place with fertile loamy soil is suitable for Nevezhin rowan. It should not be planted on acidic, clayey, marshy and sandy soils. landing pit They dig depending on the size of the seedling and its roots. Usually 60 cm by 60 cm or a little more is enough.

Garden soil mixed with humus is poured into the bottom of the hole. Place the seedling at the bottom of the hole and cover the roots with soil. Compact the soil around the stem, water and mulch. In the future, the young bush needs to be watered regularly, and the soil should be loosened and mulched. In subsequent years, the plant needs feeding.

They can be carried out with diluted slurry. In spring and autumn, thinning and sanitary pruning is needed.

In all other respects, Nevezhinskaya is an unpretentious plant with high frost resistance. It can be a long-liver in the garden. The disadvantage of Nevezhin rowan trees is that their fruits are very popular with birds. It is possible that in order to preserve the harvest during the ripening period, you will need to drive away the birds manually or use a special device - a repeller.

Application of rowan

When growing Nevezhin rowan on your site, do not forget about its beneficial and medicinal properties. First of all, rowan berries are a source of vitamin C. Moreover, there is slightly more of it in rowan leaves than in the fruits. They also contain carotenoids and organic acids. Organic food dyes are obtained from rowan berries.

Decoctions and teas made from dried rowan fruits are excellent vitamin drinks. They are recommended for vitamin C deficiency and scurvy. In terms of provitamin A content, rowan fruits are richer than green onions and are equivalent to fruits. The amount of iron exceeds apples three times. You can drink juice or decoctions from rowan fruits if:

• high blood pressure
• dysentery
• diabetes
• metabolic disorders

A good result can be obtained by consuming a decoction of berries to relieve swelling and stop bleeding. In cooking, the fruits of Nevezhinsky rowan are used to produce marshmallows, jam, and pie fillings.

It is unlikely that there is at least one person who does not know what rowan is. Since childhood, we all know the bitter taste of its bright, beautiful berries. Nevezhinskaya rowan is a sister of the common rowan, but the taste of its fruits is sweeter. With the onset of frost, their taste becomes even better.

Description

Nevezhinsky rowan is deciduous fruit tree, growing up to 10 meters in height. It is called Nevezhinskaya after the name of a village in the Vladimir region, where it began to be cultivated as a garden crop more than 100 years ago. This beautiful tree lives and bears fruit for 30 years. You can meet it in Europe, almost all over middle lane Russia, in some countries of Asia and the North.

The plant has a very interesting crown, which can take different shapes: in a sunny open place - spherical, in a shaded area - pyramidal. The leaves of the tree can be up to 20 cm long; they are called imparipinnate, as they consist of 7-15 elongated leaflets with jagged edges. The upper part of the leaf is dark green, the lower part is lighter, velvety to the touch. The color of the bark differs from the color of the common rowan - the Nevezhinskaya bark has a more pronounced brown tint, it has a smooth structure. This type of rowan grows well on any soil, although loamy soils are considered the best, and not the most suitable ones - acidic, clayey, sandy, swampy. The tree has a powerful root system, but it does not go deep, but is located parallel to the surface of the earth.

During the flowering period, which occurs in the second half of May or the first ten days of June, the tree is covered with inflorescences of creamy-white flowers, the diameter of the inflorescences is on average 10 cm. The flowers have a pronounced specific aroma.

Frosts that occur during this period, which are destructive for apple trees, will not cause any harm to the flowers, and the yield of rowan is usually good - one adult tree can produce up to 40 kg of berries. The trees begin to bear fruit in the 4th year, and produce a harvest every year. However, you should know that on a pyramidal crown, inflorescences, and, consequently, fruits, will not develop inside the crown; they will appear only at the tips of the branches. It should be noted that this species is characterized by self-sterility - one tree by itself will not produce fruit, therefore this crop necessarily requires the proximity of several relatives.

By autumn, berries appear and acquire a bright, noticeable color. The harvest can be harvested as early as October. The berries are usually larger than those of the usual rowan. They can reach a diameter of up to 1.5 cm, and already in the fall, as soon as they ripen, long before the arrival of frost, they have a sweet taste. The harvest, which is not planned to be processed immediately, is collected for storage along with the leaves.

If you leave the crop to winter on a tree, nothing bad will happen - the crop can withstand severe frosts, the value of which can reach -50 degrees. In this case, care must be taken to protect the crop from birds.

Varieties

There are several varieties of Nevezhin rowan.

• The most common is vat. The variety got its name because of the shape of the berries: they have five sides, elongated in length. The berries are red with an orange tint, they have juicy pulp with a pleasant sweet and sour taste. Inside the berries are small brown seeds.
• Yellow not as common as vat. The variety is so called because its berries are orange-yellow. They are slightly larger than the previous variety and slightly inferior in juiciness, but they also have a sweet and sour taste and a ribbed surface.
• The sweetest rowan - Nevezhinskaya red. Its berries are larger than those of the cube and yellow ones. Their color is red, very bright. The fruits have a more rounded shape and juicy pulp.

How to grow and care

Although Nevezhinsky rowan is not the most capricious plant, it still needs to be taken care of and properly looked after. Since this is a frost-resistant tree, it can be planted in places where it will protect other plants that are more in need of warmth from the cold wind.

It is better to purchase planting material from well-established manufacturers. Specialists will select seedlings and give useful tips on planting and care. High-quality seedlings are not damaged, there are no dry branches or signs of disease. If the seedlings have open roots, then there should be no areas of rot on them.

Due to self-sterility, you need to plant several trees, but if you want to have rowan for a very small area, you can graft several varieties onto one tree.

Planting can be done both in the fall, 2-3 weeks before frost, and in the spring, before the buds swell. For spring planting the hole should be prepared in the fall. Its dimensions are about a meter in diameter and 60-70 cm in depth. A layer of nutrient mixture is placed at the bottom of the hole. After placing the seedlings in the holes, they need to be sprinkled with soil.

In this case, the root collars are located at the level of the soil surface or are buried 2-5 cm. Planted trees need to be watered abundantly and mulched with peat, humus or sawdust.

You can also grow rowan using seeds, grafting to other trees, or layering. Whatever method you choose to get a good harvest, trees need to be cared for. First of all, you need to periodically loosen the soil around them, starting in early spring.

The first couple of years the ground needs to be dug up with the addition of humus. Subsequently, fertilizing is carried out three times a year:

• in early spring - humus and ammonium nitrate;
• at the beginning of summer - mullein infusion;
• at the end of summer - ash and superphosphate.

Since the root system is not located too deep, but spreads parallel to the surface, the trees absorb fertilizer well. You also need to do pruning. The first time this should be done 4-5 years after planting - by this time the crown will have already formed. The procedure includes removing all broken and damaged branches, as well as shortening side shoots; You can also shorten the barrel a little.

Due to its frost resistance, special winter shelter is not required. This wonderful tree is less susceptible to diseases than other fruit and berry crops; pests also do not cause much harm to it, and since they gather in upper layers soil, it is easy to get rid of them in the fall when digging.

Beneficial features

Rowan is an excellent source of vitamins and nutrients. It contains several times more vitamins P and C than apples, lemons and oranges. It contains no less vitamin A than carrots and rose hips. Apples are considered a source of iron for the human body, but in terms of its content they are three times inferior to rowan. The content of vitamins B1, B2, B9, PP is also high. There are also microelements: magnesium, potassium, zinc, phosphorus and others. Natural sugars, malic acid, pectin, and tannins are also present in berries.

Rowan has pronounced phytoncidal properties. Interesting fact: late blight does not affect potatoes growing next to it wonderful tree. Potatoes and other vegetables store well if mixed with chopped rowan leaves. A few fresh tree branches will make the river water drinkable in a couple of hours.

Beneficial substances are found not only in berries: there is a lot of vitamin C in the leaves. To prepare infusions, the leaves are collected in the summer and dried. The bark is also used: decoctions from it are useful for hypertension.

Rowan berries are used to obtain organic food dyes, and extracts from the plant are used in the cosmetics industry, since the fruit acids contained have a beneficial effect on the skin, whitening it.

How to use

Rowan fruits are widely used. First of all, they can be eaten in their natural form. When properly stored, they retain their beautiful appearance and beneficial properties for a long time.

Dried berries are used to make infusions and teas - excellent vitamin drinks. They are used for diseases such as high blood pressure, dysentery, diabetes, and metabolic disorders. Decoctions are given good result when it is necessary to relieve swelling and stop bleeding. They are known as a diuretic and tonic, therefore useful for cardiovascular diseases. Berries and decoctions made from them are indispensable for colds, vitamin deficiency, exhaustion, and the list of diseases goes on. Also, for many diseases, they drink a decoction of flowers.

You can make jam from rowan berries (for 1 kg of berries you will need 1.5 kg of sugar). Although the jam turns out delicious, sometimes they add a little citric acid or cinnamon. You can also make juice, although you will need a juicer for this. IN Food Industry and in everyday life, marshmallows and marmalade, jam and marmalade are prepared from rowan berries. They also prepare tinctures, wine, and kvass.

However, rowan is not recommended for people with low blood pressure and those prone to allergic reactions. Due to the fear of allergies in the child, nursing mothers should refrain from eating rowan. In case of thrombosis, it is contraindicated, since one of its properties is to increase blood clotting.

Forest rowan - exclusively useful plant . And the honey plant, and its wood is beautiful, and it feeds birds in winter, and it is also pretty.

One problem: its fruits, although medicinal, are bitter. That is why they are considered of little value. But this is if you take a wild one, the common rowan.

Varietal is a completely different matter. That's what we're talking about.

Our common, ubiquitous red rowan belongs to the large botanical genus Sorbus. In turn, almost all modern cultivated varieties trace their ancestry from this plant.

More precisely, from its two varieties-varieties: Moravian (Central Europe) and Nevezhinskaya (Eastern Europe).

Moravian rowan discovered in the Czech Republic in the 19th century and named after the region where it was found - Moravia. Its sweet fruits, 1 cm in diameter, made this variety interesting for breeders.

From it came, for example, the varieties Edulis, Bissneri and Concentra.

Almost all modern cultivated varieties trace their ancestry to two varieties of mountain ash - Moravian and Nevezhinsky.

Nevezhinsky clone was also found by accident - in the forest near the village of Nevezhino, Vladimir region. The sweet, completely without bitterness fruits captivated the local peasants, who quickly figured out how to grow this rowan and sell the seedlings to their neighbors.

And this also happened in the 19th century. So almost instantly, in two ends of Europe, nature gave man a sweet rowan instead of a bitter one.

Sometimes Nevezhin rowan is called “Nezhinskaya”. Everyone was confused by the wine merchant Fyodor Smirnov, who in the old days sold tincture made from its fruits. Not wanting to reveal the secrets of the recipe to his competitors, he deliberately dropped one syllable and named his product “Nezhinskaya”.

Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin was very interested in breeding varietal rowan trees. Many of the varieties he created today have either been lost, or have been pollinated and lost their original characteristics, or are stored only in scientific collections. But those that have survived often become the basis for modern breeding work.

Strictly scientific point From a visual perspective, calling rowan fruits “berries” is incorrect. It's correct to say "apple". Fruits of the same type are formed by quince, apple and pear.

Titanium

This variety is one of the surviving Michurin creations. It was created by complex crossing of rowan, pear and red-leaved apple tree.

Its characteristics:

1. A medium-sized tree (up to 5 meters) with a rounded, sparse crown. The shoots are straight, the bark color is dull brown.
2. The leaves are glossy, dark green.
3. The inflorescences are shields of medium diameter, the color of the petals is white.
4. The fruits are slightly ribbed, round, weighing 1.2 grams. The skin is dark red, waxy. The pulp is yellow, sweet and sour, tart. Universal use.

The Titan variety is frost- and drought-resistant and is not affected by diseases.

Bead

The variety has been created candidate of agricultural sciences Tatiana Kirillovna Poplavskaya. Fanatically devoted to science, in the 70s of the 20th century she was actively involved in the search and restoration of lost Michurin varieties of mountain ash.

Businka is one of the first varieties that does not have a hint of astringency. It is a product of free pollination of Nevezhin rowan.

Characteristics and description of the variety:

1. Plant of moderate growth, 3 meters high. The shoots are gray-brown, straight. According to various sources, it begins to bear fruit at the 3rd or 5th year of life.
2. The leaves are light green, serrated.
3. The inflorescences are large, with white flowers.
4. The fruits have a regular round shape, with red skin, weighing 1.2-1.9 grams. The flesh is cream-colored, with a hint of cranberry flavor, but without strong acid. The purpose is universal. They ripen early, by the end of August.

Particularly valuable advantages of the variety– high resistance to extreme frosts, drought, and diseases. Productivity is high.

Liquor Michurina

One of the Michurin varieties, lost and restored. It has a lot in common with one of its “parents” – chokeberry.

Characteristics of the garden variety of rowan:

1. A medium-sized plant, about 5 meters, with a sparse oval crown. Sometimes found in bush form. Gives strong annual growth (up to 30 cm).
2. The leaves are dark green, alternate, imparipinnate.
3. Beautiful dense inflorescences with a scutellum diameter of 10 cm. The color of the petals is white and pink.
4. The fruits are dark purple, almost black, weighing 1 g, ripen in September, and are stored for a month. The taste is reminiscent of chokeberry - sweet, slightly astringent. Purpose: for making liqueur-type wines and jams.

Advantages of the variety: high winter hardiness and moderate drought resistance. Flaw: fruits may be affected by rot.

Ruby

The Michurin variety was also lost, but was found, propagated and transferred to T.K. Poplavskaya for variety testing. Like all old Michurin forms, this type of mountain ash has a slight tartness in taste.

Its characteristics:

1. A low tree, 3 meters in height, with a drooping crown. The skeletal branches are located almost at right angles, the shoots are straight, with light brown integument.
2. The leaves are light green, with a finely serrated edge and pubescent petiole.
3. The scutellum is not wide, the flowers are small, pinkish-white.
4. The fruits are rounded and flattened, weighing 1.3 g. The skin is ruby-colored, the flesh is yellow. The taste is sweet and sour, slightly tart. The purpose of the fruit is for processing into juices, jellies, wines, liqueurs, jelly. Suitable for drying.

The plant is resistant to low temperatures.

Rowan fruits of the Rubinovaya variety can replace raisins after drying. To do this, you need to place them in a gauze bag and hang them by the radiator for a while.

Scarlet large

A variety bred by the Central Genetic Laboratory named after. Michurin (today the All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Fruit Plants). An interesting, very impressive plant, with really large fruits for a red rowan.

Variety characteristics:

1. The height of the tree is 5 meters. The crown is of medium density, wide-pyramidal in shape. Slightly pubescent straight shoots with gray-brown bark and many large lentils.
2. The leaves are dark green, with broadly lanceolate plates, shiny.
3. Wide corymbs with many flowers.
4. Fruits are from 1.7 to 2.5 grams, slightly ribbed, juicy. The skin is scarlet in color, the taste is piquant, somewhat sour than other varieties, without bitterness. Purpose: table and technical.

The variety is able to tolerate extreme frosts down to -50⁰C. Resistant to diseases and pests.

White, yellow and orange decorative varieties

In addition to the red and black rowan trees familiar to the eye, through the efforts of breeders varieties with yellow, orange and even white fruits have been bred that can decorate any garden.

For example, variety Yellow with thin flexible branches that bend to the ground when the harvest is abundant. Its fruits are used to make rowan kvass, original fillings for pies, and jams.

Of the orange-fruited ones, it is very decorative variety Ogonyok– one of the most heat-resistant and drought-resistant. As it ripens, it changes the color of the apples from yellow to fiery orange.

Rowan, Daughter of Kubova - new variety , bred by spontaneous hybridization of the Nevezhinskaya Kubova. The fruits of this tree also have a bright orange color in the ripe phase, and their taste is juicy, bright, sour-sweet, without a hint of bitterness or astringency.

Kubova herself also has orange fruits, but the yield is not so high. Kubovaya is a derivative form of the Nevezhin rowan, created through folk selection. Its apples are slightly elongated, pentagonal, with a very pleasant taste.

But white-fruited mountain ash, unfortunately, is not suitable for food. For example, the Quene or White Swan varieties have very bitter fruits. However, their compactness and high decorative value make it possible to create an interesting play of colors among other rowan trees.

By combining, for example, tall large Scarlet, delicate Yellow and miniature White Swan in plantings, you can get a combination of benefits and beauty.

All varietal rowan trees are self-sterile. To get a high-quality harvest from them, you need to plant several nearby different varieties or graft them into the crown of one tree.