Parquet board. Rules for the operation of a parquet board and the nuances of caring for it Means for daily care of a parquet board

From this article you will learn:

What are the ways of laying a parquet board?
How to lay parquet board yourself

Repairs in Moscow must be taken seriously. It is necessary to clearly define the type of flooring that you would like.

Using parquet as flooring is not only good way declare their wealth and status. It is also an opportunity to demonstrate to others that you have excellent taste. In addition, parquet as a coating is very reliable, environmentally friendly and has a long service life. Previously, in order to lay parquet, it was necessary to work hard, while possessing certain skills. Now, thanks to the appearance of a massive parquet board, everything has become somewhat easier. If you follow the recommendations of experts, then the process of laying it will not be too difficult for you. Today we will talk about how to lay a parquet board.

On this moment On sale there are two types of parquet boards: massive and multi-layered. The difference between them is in the way they are made.

massive parquet boards are made from different breeds trees, both deciduous and coniferous. But to create it, a single piece of wood is taken. Grooves and ridges are made along the ends of the board.
In the manufacture multilayer Several types of wood are used in parquet boards, each with its own advantages. Thanks to this combination, a parquet board with high performance is obtained at the output. So, upper layer parquet is made from solid and precious woods, because it will be "responsible" for the appearance of the floor. The middle layer of the plates is placed at an angle of 90 degrees to the top, using soft wood. The purpose of this layer is to act as connecting element both for this particular panel and for its neighbors. The material for the bottom layer is plywood, as well as pine or spruce lamellas up to 4 mm thick.

The parquet board for laying goes on sale only after applying a special coating and impregnation to it, which protects it from rotting and the formation of fungus. Keep in mind: whether the board is multi-layered or massive, its service life depends not only on the production technology and storage rules, but also on the correct installation. You cannot influence the first and second in any way, but the third point can be easily controlled. Or even do the laying of the parquet board yourself.

But in order for such flooring was durable and served you for a long time, it is not enough to be able to work well with your hands. It is necessary to carry out some kind of preparatory work. It is also necessary to strictly comply with all conditions technological process. What points should be paid attention to first of all?

Firstly, inspect the base on which the parquet board will be laid. Invalid different kind cracks, crevices and depressions. The base must necessarily be flat and solid, and also without a significant difference in height. 2 mm per linear meter is the maximum that can be tolerated. A base that does not meet the requirements should be repaired or completely remade.
Secondly, the parquet board should "adapt" to your apartment - more precisely, to its microclimate. Therefore, after acquiring a board, it is not recommended to immediately begin work on laying it. Wait at least two days.
Third, important condition for successful laying of parquet boards is the level of humidity in the room. High humidity adversely affects this material, and therefore you should not lay parquet in the bathroom, toilet or kitchen.
Fourth, again about humidity. During operation, it is desirable to observe a certain level of it (from 35 to 65 percent). The temperature must be at least 18 degrees Celsius. Compliance with these conditions will allow the coating to become more durable and increase its service life.
And the last by list, but not by value. When laying a parquet board, in no case should you forget about the substrate and waterproofing. Moreover, the features of the premises and the foundation do not play a role here, this must be done in any case.

In addition one little advice: do not lay the parquet board perpendicular to the rays of light. In this case, shadows will be clearly visible at the joints.

How to lay parquet board in different ways

Well-known manufacturing companies (Barlinek, Tarkett, Kahrs and others) are constantly trying to improve their products. Moreover, they work not only on appearance products, but also methods that can greatly facilitate the installation process. All new lock systems are produced. There are several main types:

A connection considered classic when the spikes enter the grooves.
The planks are connected at an angle of 10-30 degrees, after which, by pressing the plates, they are fastened together.
This is a volumetric fixation system. There are several types of them, names and basic characteristics may not coincide, but the principle of connecting elements is the same. A "tongue" made of dense PVC or aluminum is built into the end lock. Otherwise, it may just be an additional insert. Be that as it may, but thanks to such a fixation, the entire hitch becomes more rigid and durable, and the service life of the parquet increases. Also, this system prevents the divergence of the slats due to seasonal changes in the environment.

Depending on which locking system is present on the products, the method of laying parquet boards is also chosen. When purchasing material for flooring, be sure to check if it is available detailed instructions for installation. If the product is of high quality, it must be attached to the packaging.

How to assemble a multi-layer wooden coating?

There are several methods most popular:

Laying parquet boards on logs.
Fastening with nails.
Laying on a rough wooden floor.
glue method.
A floating method in which parquet boards are connected with a lock.

The lock system in Lately used most often. This method of laying parquet boards is convenient for both large and small rooms. Glue, on the contrary, is used less and less in such works. The fact is that laying parquet in this way is a very laborious work, taking a lot of time and requiring perseverance.

Massive parquet is attached to subfloor mostly with nails. But this method is gradually becoming a thing of the past. If you put parquet boards on logs, the distance between the latter should not exceed 30-40 cm, and this is not very profitable financially. And the process itself is also quite laborious. But one of the advantages of the floating method of laying parquet boards is that all the work can be done by hand.

To decide which styling method is best for you, let's take a closer look at some of them.

floating way

Many people have a poor idea of how to lay a parquet board on a concrete floor using this method. Let's sort it out in order. Initially, they are rigidly attached to the floor. plywood sheets 20 mm thick. A waterproofing is placed on top, which can be used as polyethylene in 200 microns. It is necessary that the entire surface be covered with waterproofing. To do this, polyethylene is overlapped, with an overlap of 15-20 cm. The joints are glued with tape. The film should also go onto the walls - by about 10-15 cm. Dense polyethylene foam, polystyrene foam or cork mats should be placed on top of the waterproofing. In the first case, the substrate, as well as waterproofing, is overlapped and glued with adhesive tape. In the second and third mats should be placed end to end, but apart.

Sheets of plywood should also be laid apart, leaving a distance of up to 5 mm between them. From the walls should be 10-15 mm. Parquet floors in a room can be installed in two ways: parallel and diagonal. In the latter case, the material will need a little more. Before you start laying parquet boards, do all necessary calculations: how much material is required, which direction will be optimal. It is necessary to plan everything so that the plates in the last row do not seem too narrow compared to the rest. Connect parquet boards with spikes and grooves intended for them. Remember that between the wall and the parquet you need to leave a distance for the expansion of the material by 1.5-3 cm.

When laying the first row of boards, remove the spikes from them directed towards the wall. Point the spike of the next die under acute angle into the groove of the previous one, lay the board on the base and use a hammer (through the bar!) to achieve a tight connection with the neighbor. Place wedges between the first row and the wall.

When laying the second row of parquet boards, offset the end seams by a third of the length of the plank. This is called side-by-side mounting. To start, make the first board in the second row shorter by 1/3. Assemble the row completely, then dock with the first. Also, insert the spikes of the boards into the grooves at an acute angle and seal the joint by tapping it through the bar with a hammer.

By the way, the step of the run can be chosen at your discretion. But if you decide to make it just like that, then the first board in the third row needs to be shortened already by 2/3 of the length. In the fourth row, all the dies are of their original size. In the future, follow the same cycle of laying parquet boards.

Most likely, you will have to saw off the last row of dies to the desired width. When doing this, do not forget to leave a distance between the parquet and the wall. After that, remove the wedges and attach the skirting boards, under which the expansion gaps will not be visible.

One important nuance. For greater strength of the joints, the grooves between the boards can be glued. But, on the other hand, if you need to replace one of the boards, this will cause certain difficulties.

Adhesive

With this method of laying parquet boards, you first need to firmly screw moisture-resistant plywood to the screed. Then, with a notched trowel, glue is applied to it, preferably two-component polyurethane. When working with glue, keep in mind that it is toxic, although it is completely safe for humans after drying. Small sheets of the substrate are laid apart on a concrete base. The distance between them and the walls should be no more than 5 mm. Further, all parquet boards are planted on the glue - according to the same technology as with the floating laying method.

Before starting work, it is best to draw a diagram, according to which in the future you will glue parquet boards to plywood. The difference from the previous laying method is that the boards are not assembled in rows, but are joined one at a time. Glue must be applied both to plywood and to dies, the grooves at the ends of the boards must also be filled with this compound.

Then we act according to the principle described earlier: we attach the board with the help of a lock to the previous one, align and compact it with a hammer and wooden block. We additionally strengthen the panels with pneumatic nails in the groove, but in such a way as not to interfere with the connection. Glue will appear on the surface, it should be removed immediately. We fill the distance between the walls and the parquet with cork. After that, we prime the entire surface of the floor, cover it with oil and wax or varnish. We attach skirting boards along the walls.

This method of laying parquet boards is mainly used for rooms with a large area.

With fasteners

How to properly lay a parquet board using this method? As with floating laying, waterproofing and insulation are required concrete screed. Boards are connected in the same way. The only difference is that you can put dies with a thickness of more than 20 mm. It is permissible to fix the parquet both to the wooden base lying on the logs, and to the logs themselves. If you decide to use the latter option, then keep in mind: the logs must be wide enough so that the joints of the parquet boards can easily fit in their middle. The optimal distance between the lags is from 30 to 40 cm.

They are fastened to the concrete base through the insulation strictly horizontally, using self-tapping screws with dowels. The dies are connected to the lags with nails or self-tapping screws, the length of which exceeds the thickness of the boards by 2-2.5 times. So that nothing interferes with the installation, they must be installed in the grooves of the boards at an angle of 45 degrees.

How to lay a parquet board with your own hands

To work, you need to have the following available:

Waterproofing film with a thickness of 200 microns.
Combined or coniferous PE substrate, 2-3 mm thick. Another one will do, but the manufacturer must be the same as that of the parquet.
A bar to compact the boards, a mallet.
Tool to fix joints (for laying parquet board with 5G locks).
A metal staple or wringer for laying the last row.
Adhesive sealant, carpentry or PVA.
Plastic wedges for gaps between parquet and walls.
Hacksaw or electric jigsaw.
Construction pencil, tape measure and square.
Level and hygrometer.
Adhesive or reinforcing primer.
If necessary, then a notched trowel, screwdriver, air gun or hammer.

Foundation preparation

First you need to get rid of all the old foundations. Then take measurements and determine whether the floor needs to be leveled. If yes, then there are two options to prepare the surface for laying parquet boards:

Use gypsum or cement-gypsum self-leveling self-leveling floors.
Assemble a screed from plywood, chipboard or the like.

Having prepared the base for laying, check it for moisture using a hygrometer, and with a long rail (more than 2 m) - for evenness. Small imperfections can be filled with quick-drying mortars or cemented.

The next step is the primer:

If laying the parquet board will be done with glue, use adhesive compounds.
If you plan to use the floating method, you need strengthening mixtures.

Is the floor base wooden? Then you need to cut off all the bumps from it (you can use a parquet grinder). Fill the hollows with elastic putty. If the boards "walk", pull the subfloor to the base with self-tapping screws or nails. If there are many defects, it will be easier to make a new screed from chipboard or plywood with a thickness of more than 16 mm. Treat the surface with an antifungal primer.

Preparation for work

Surface prepared. The next stage of work will be laying waterproofing and substrate material on it. Spread the film overlapping, the overlap should be 15-25 cm. Glue the joints with adhesive tape. Attach a substrate (sheet or roll) on top. Lay it upside down. If you are planning to install hardwood flooring adhesive method, this step should be skipped.

After purchasing the material, give it time to "get used" to the microclimate of the room, this usually takes from 24 to 36 hours. If a “warm floor” is installed in the apartment, then it would be good to turn on the heating system for two weeks, and turn it off 3-4 hours before the start of work. With this maneuver, an ideal climate for laying parquet boards is created and at the same time thermal damage to the final finish is prevented.

One important point. If, upon opening the packages with parquet board you will find that some products are slightly different in color and texture, that's okay. Wood is a natural product, and therefore this sometimes happens. Turn this to your advantage by making an interesting pattern out of the boards.

Before starting work, be sure to draw up a diagram of the future installation, preferably on a scale. The last row should be at least 5 cm wide.

Floor covering installation

When laying a parquet board in a floating way, start work from the very long wall, clockwise. Leave space around the perimeter of the room for expansion wedges. According to experts, it is better to do this after laying the first three rows of parquet: move the boards with the help of a bracket and insert wedges into the resulting gaps.

Next, at the boards in the first row, cut off the spikes directed towards the wall. Install the first tile in the corner and proceed with the assembly along the ends. If the last plate is bigger size than you need, cut it off. Start laying the second row from the rest of the lamella of the first. If you plan to lay a parquet board with a classic Click-lock, then after joining the boards with the butt, fasten them along the length, while certainly knocking them through the bar with a mallet or hammer.

By the way, work with systems locks and 5G is much more convenient. All thanks to the ability to join them both along and across.

There are volumetric locks for which you do not need to adjust the plastic insert. Just click on the plates and you're done.

With the last row of dies, you will have to tinker a little. It is unlikely that they will fit perfectly in size, and therefore they will need to be cut. After that, the tiles are fastened at the ends and join the last row. Be sure to press the laid parquet boards with a metal bracket or wringers.

It happens that a pipe or something else interferes with the even laying of a parquet board. In this case, mark the cutting line on the plate, saw off a piece along it and drill a hole with a margin of 1–1.6 cm. Put the plank in the right place, apply an adhesive composition to the cut and glue it.

After the laying is completed, pull out the wedges and turn on the "warm floor" system (the temperature must be increased gradually). Fasten skirting boards and mount door sills. By the way, the mandatory gaps in doorways- manufacturer's requirement.

As a final touch, it would be nice to treat the floor with special flooring products. The wax contained in these mixtures clogs the joints between the boards well.

How to lay a parquet board on a warm floor

The parquet floor itself has wonderful thermal insulation properties, plus everything, the substrate does not let the cold through. But sometimes you still need additional heating. In such cases, the parquet board is laid directly on the "warm floor".

True, not every system is suitable here. If there are no problems with water heating, then the electric floor is incompatible with the parquet board. Such a “warm floor” heats up too quickly, a sharp temperature drop occurs, as a result of which the locks of the tiles begin to crack.

Laying parquet tiles on the "warm floor" should be carried out only after it is turned off and cooled down to room temperature. At the end of the work, the system can be turned on no earlier than a week later, and its temperature should be increased gradually, no more than 2-3 degrees per day. It is also very important that the floor is heated evenly, otherwise the parquet board may “lead”.

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Choosing flooring for your home modern people they often prefer the use of traditional and time-tested materials, such as parquet or parquet board, while rejecting the existing newfangled trends. Consider the basic requirements and recommendations for the correct caring for parquet.
Without a doubt, the floor, the flooring of which is a parquet board, has a pattern natural wood and a perfect smooth surface that will attract the eyes of people. In addition, parquet flooring is practically the most durable coating for finishing residential premises.
However, in order to preserve its spectacular effect, as well as to ensure that it has the longest possible service life, certain conditions are created for the parquet. In addition, the owners of premises finished with parquet boards should be able to properly care for this coating. Only in this way is it possible to preserve the original cloud and the unique charm of the coating.

Parquet board application, structure and distinctive qualities

Are there any differences between parquet and parquet board? Traditional parquet is made from wood. Most often there is a three-layer parquet board. The first, top layer is precious wood, the second layer is needles, and the third is plywood plate, which is able to keep moisture out.

Thanks to the upper wooden layer of precious wood, the parquet board impresses with its beautiful appearance and durability. The thickness of this layer affects not only the cost of the parquet board, but also its durability.

A parquet board made using modern technologies has many qualities that natural solid wood has (the presence of a unique pattern, natural colors), and sometimes even surpasses it. The superiority of a parquet board over a natural tree is the ease of its installation. It takes less time to lay parquet boards than to lay parquet.

The parquet board is mounted by simply snapping the connecting locks.

The cost of a parquet board is much less than the price of parquet, so this finishing material is very popular with Russian consumers. The cost of a parquet board can be less if, when producing it, the top layer is made not from solid wood, but from glued pieces. These boards are called:

Two-lane;
Three-lane;
Four-band.

Due to the variety of colors and textures of the parquet board, a special atmosphere is created in any room: residential buildings, offices, apartments. Laying parquet boards, for the manufacture of which oak, acacia, beech, maple and other exotic tree species were used, can emphasize the individuality of the owner, his unique charm and exquisite taste.

The flooring - parquet boards, has the following positive qualities:

Differs in high water resistance.
Excellent resistance to decay.
Differs in constancy of the sizes, that is the minimum deformation as under the influence of humidity and temperatures layers are capable to constrain each other.
Not subject to the appearance of cracks and chips.
Easy and quick to install.
Has high soundproofing.
Does not require additional surface treatment after laying. Processing is carried out at manufacturing plants.
Design variety.

Conditions necessary for the arrangement of the subfloor

To ensure a long service life of parquet flooring, as well as to prevent problems with it, certain conditions must be met at the stage of arranging the subfloor, which is the basis for parquet flooring.

One of the main functions of the subfloor (multilayer substrate) is the maximum insulation of the floor covering from moisture penetration.

Ensuring sound insulation of premises, since shock and airborne noise can have a destructive effect on parquet flooring.

Ensuring proper thermal insulation, significantly reducing heat loss premises (about 20%).

The base for laying parquet must have a strictly horizontal position. In addition, it is necessary to ensure its evenness (irregularities in height should not exceed 2 mm).

Laying a parquet board is within the power of everyone, because it can be assembled with a simple click of the connecting locks. The great advantage of this flooring is the fact that it can be used immediately after installation. It does not need to be sanded, scraped, or applied to it. protective compounds because it's all done in the factory.

How to properly lay parquet board

When laying a parquet board, the following conditions must be observed:

Experienced builders recommend that after buying a parquet board, leave it for several days in the room where it will be laid. During this time, the parquet board will have time to adapt to the temperature and humidity indicators in the room. This will make laying the flooring much easier. In addition, the duration of its service will increase.

For parquet flooring optimal values room temperature will be 18 - 24 ° C, and relative humidity- 40-60%. It is desirable that these parameters be maintained throughout the operation of the coating in the room. Therefore, it is necessary to provide humidification and air conditioning for both people and the finishing material.

If the parquet board is laid on "warm floors", it is important to observe additional parameters:

It is necessary to monitor the surface temperature of the coating, which should not exceed + 24 ° C, and daily differences should not be more than 5 ° C.
It is necessary to ensure that the temperature is as uniform as possible over the entire surface of the coating.

To be more precise, experts generally do not recommend laying parquet flooring on the "warm floor" system.

Protective films for parquet boards and their variety

In modern building practice protective coatings for parquet flooring are:

Special varnishes for parquet.
Various oil-wax compositions.

Parquet varnishes

Varnishes for parquet are able to form a hard and durable layer on the parquet board. They can be based on water or synthetic solvents.

Varnishes, which are based on classic synthetic solvents, until they harden, emit pungent odors that can cause suffocation and the development of allergic reactions. For this reason, they are applied to parquet boards in factories, subject to all the necessary conditions (some wear-resistant varnishes require ultraviolet light to fix).

Use and application of parquet varnish.

To improve the water resistance of parquet flooring, it is recommended to apply an additional layer of lacquer after the flooring is completed. But at the same time it is necessary that while the varnish is not dry, there was no one in the room.

Oil-wax compositions for parquet

In order to protect the flooring from the parquet board from external influences, you can use oil-wax mixtures that will penetrate deep into the wood, fill the pores, as a result of which it will acquire a unique look. In addition, the compositions are able to emphasize the uniqueness of the wood used.

Oil-wax compounds used to protect wood were born many centuries ago, but they have not lost their relevance. If you properly care for the floor covering, at least once a year it is necessary to cover it with these compounds. You do not need to have special skills for this work, since it is a simple procedure.

First you need to apply an even layer of oil, and a mixture of oil and wax is applied to it. These compounds are harmless to human health, since the components are environmentally friendly. Recommended use linseed oil or oils from the Chinese tree, and the wax is of vegetable or animal origin.

When switching from using an oil-wax protection layer to a lacquer one, the wax mixture is first completely removed, for which the coating is polished. Then a primer is applied to the parquet board, and varnish is applied to it. Otherwise, the varnish will not be fixed on the surface of the coating.

Proper operation and maintenance of parquet boards

It is forbidden to place flower pots on the flooring, if it is a parquet board, as condensation will form there.

Parquet board flooring requires certain maintenance, which consists in protecting the coating from mechanical stress, which is possible during cleaning and operation:

The parquet board is contraindicated in the abrasive effect of sand brought from the street by shoes, so a protective area is arranged in front of the entrance to the room. At the same time, it is advisable to use two types of rugs: hard - removing solid particles from the sole of the shoe, and soft - absorbing liquid dirt (which is most important in the autumn-winter period of the year). It is better to take off your street shoes in this place.

It is best to glue felt pads or other soft tissue. If the furniture is on casters, lay transparent plastic mats under it.

To maintain cleanliness in rooms where the flooring is parquet, it is better to use a conventional vacuum cleaner. Occasionally it is possible to wipe the floors with a damp soft cloth by hand or with a mop.

It is forbidden to fill the floor covering with liquid. For wiping the most contaminated areas are used special means, which are provided specifically for the protection of decorative floor coverings.

For washing the floor covering made of parquet boards, it is forbidden to use cleaning and detergents for dishes, solvents and thinners for paints, gasoline or alcohol. On extreme case the use of mild detergents is acceptable.

The use of oil-wax coating when caring for parquet

Oil-wax compositions for parquet flooring differ from parquet varnishes in that they do not form an outer film. They only fill the pores of the wood, which protects it from the penetration of moisture and various contaminants.

To restore an oil-soaked parquet board, you only need to sand the damaged area and then re-oil it. Such repairs are carried out within a day.

Wet cleaning of the parquet floor treated with oil impregnation is carried out using aqueous soap solutions.

The floor is wiped with a damp cloth parallel to the wood fibers. Such cleaning is carried out as the coating is contaminated. The floor dries within half an hour. Then it is polished with universal products that have a dual function - to protect and clean the parquet.

The floor covering made of parquet board, on which increased loads are made, is updated twice a year. In a room where residents walk in slippers, the coating is updated once a year, maybe less often. At the same time, they use an oil intended for periodic maintenance of parquet floors.

Hygiene of the floor covering made of waxed parquet boards is carried out by dry cleaning. Waxed floors are treated exclusively with products that contain solvents or wax. If use soap solutions containing alkalis, the color of the coating may change.

At right choice techniques for caring for parquet floors protected with oils or wax, they will serve several generations of home owners. But its main advantages are the following:

The coating does not need to be sanded.
Wood dust harmful to human health does not rise.
No need to suffocate with the pungent smell of varnish.

Caring for such a coating is the use of cleaning compounds that do not require polishing - the floor is only wiped with a cloth.

Implementation of preventive measures

It is necessary to process the floor covering from parquet boards using a composition of oil and wax in the first year after laying once every three months. The procedure is performed in the following order:

The floor is washed clean and should dry thoroughly for 6-7 hours.
The parquet board is impregnated with oil using a special brush. Excess oil that is not absorbed is removed after 5 minutes with dry wipes.
A protective layer of wax is applied to the parquet board one day after it has been treated with oil.
When performing wet cleaning of parquet flooring, soluble protective wax must be added to the water.
At the end of the first year of operation of the parquet flooring, its processing is carried out if necessary.

It is better to purchase parquet care products from one manufacturer.

The use of lacquered coating when caring for parquet boards

To eliminate traces of contamination that occur during operation on a varnished floorboard, use "cleaners", which are special cleaning agents. Some of them are concentrates that are diluted with water before use, while others are released ready-to-use and enclosed in aerosol packages.

The compositions are chemically neutral to the varnish compositions. All major parquet manufacturers have a range of cleaners that can be used to clean lacquered parquet. In order to preserve and protect the lacquer coating, the use of polishes is recommended.

Varnish coatings for parquet boards.

Even if the parquet varnish is wear-resistant, after some time microcracks, abrasions and other unpleasant defects will definitely appear on its surface. For a longer service life, experts recommend applying a layer of protective coating to varnished parquet flooring at regular intervals.

This point requires the serious attention of pet owners, since their claws can ruin the top layer of the coating in a short time. In addition, urea can leave stains on wood and destroy the varnish layer of parquet boards.

Polishes containing wax.
Substances that have a composition similar to highly diluted varnish. They must be diluted with water before use.

Preventive measures for the processing of parquet boards

To remove stains and restore lost luster to parquet flooring with a lacquered surface, it is recommended to use a special compound called "fresher".

To protect against the damaging effects of moisture, the coating is polished every two months.

To eliminate local abrasion of the varnish layer, you can use a spray varnish. Carrying out a complete renovation of the lacquer coating of a parquet board is best done after 12 years of operation, however, these terms depend on the load exerted on the coating.

You have read the information on how to properly care for parquet flooring, so feel free to plan to lay it in the premises of your office or living space.

Having learned what a parquet board is, having learned its structure, features of operation, proper care for it, and subject to the above described rules, you can be sure: the floor you have laid from a parquet board will serve you faithfully for many years and deliver moral and Aesthetic pleasure.

The main methods of laying parquet boards

The parquet board is laid either by the floating floor method or by the rigid fastening of the board to the base.

1. floating floor method consists in connecting parquet boards to each other without fixing them to the floor base. The boards are assembled into a single layer, which lies freely on the substrate - a special compensating material located between the base and the parquet floor. This method is the most common, but like any other method, it has its strengths and weaknesses.

Main advantages:

high speed of the assembly process - laying 30 m2 of board takes no more than one day;

cost minimization - the cost of the finished floor consists only of the cost of the board, substrate and parquet work;

fewer requirements for the professionalism of the installer - laying the board can be done even on their own;

the ability to reuse the board - glueless connection allows you to partially or completely disassemble the parquet floor and lay it again.

Main cons:

insufficient reliability - the mobility of the parquet layer over time can lead to deformation lock connection and violation of the integrity of the structure;

when restoring parquet, it will be almost impossible to polish its surface with high quality. The lack of a rigid attachment to the base will not allow it to be done evenly over the entire area;

possible discomfort during operation - the movement of the floating floor in vertical plane under short-term loads, they lead to the sound of steps characteristic of a floating floor and, over time, to the appearance of a creak.

2. Method of rigid attachment to the base involves gluing each parquet board to a specially prepared floor base. At the time of drying adhesive composition boards are additionally fixed with parquet nails or staples to enhance the strength of the entire structure. This method also has its advantages and disadvantages.

Main advantages:

high reliability of the design - the glued structure of the "parquet pie" will give additional reliability and durability to the floor;

good repairability - the structural integrity of the parquet floor will allow you to repair its surface with high quality;

high level comfort - the appearance of a creak or a loud sound of steps when walking on the floor is almost completely excluded.

Main cons:

high requirements for the professionalism of the installer - the installation of parquet boards by non-professionals will significantly increase the risk of a failed result;

higher cost level - you will need to purchase Additional materials and pay for the services of professional parquet flooring;

time-consuming - the technology of layer-by-layer installation will require much more time than assembling the floor in a floating way;

the thickness of the "parquet cake" - an additional layer of plywood will increase the height of the parquet floor.

Preparatory stage of work

Before proceeding to the main stage of work, a number of important preparatory activities should be carried out.

1. Foundation preparation

Substrate requirements for laying boards in a floating way. As a base for a parquet board, old wooden, tile or stone floors, a base made of concrete or self-leveling mixtures, etc. can be used. Textile coverings (carpet, linoleum, carpet) are unsuitable as a base material. Regardless of the type of substrate used, it must be level, dry, solid and clean. The evenness of the base is checked over the entire area of the forthcoming laying, using a rule of at least 2 meters in length. The gap between the base and the rule should not exceed 2-3 mm over a length of 2000 mm. If necessary, the base should be leveled or sanded in accordance with the specified requirements. The moisture content of a concrete or sand-cement base must not exceed 2%. Underfloor heating should be used with extreme caution. The heating temperature of the surface of the base must in no case exceed +27 °C. Fluctuations in floor temperature during the day should remain within 5 °C. It is not recommended to lay parquet boards made of wood species that are especially sensitive to changes in humidity and temperature, such as beech, maple, olive or wenge, on heated floors.

Requirements for the base for laying the board by the method of rigid fastening. As with a floating floor, the base for hardwood flooring must be dry, even, clean and strong. In addition, it should be as suitable as possible for the full surface bonding of parquet and be able to securely hold nails or self-tapping screws inside. Moisture-resistant plywood, comparable in thickness to a parquet board, will serve as an ideal base. Plywood, in turn, must also be securely attached to a wooden or concrete base with glue and self-tapping screws. The surface of the plywood must be sanded, and the plywood itself must be laid in compliance with technological clearance 5 mm wide between sheets. Attention! The use of "warm floor" systems under such a base is unacceptable.

2. Laying scheme

Before starting work, you need to make a choice laying directions parquet boards in every room. Usually the board is laid in the direction of daylight falling into the room. In rooms with an elongated shape, it is recommended to lay the parquet board in the longitudinal direction (material waste will be 3-5%). In rooms of complex geometric shape, you can lay the board diagonally (material waste will be 7-10%). If an old wooden floor acts as a base, the parquet should be laid across the boards of this floor. Rooms with different laying directions must be separated by expansion joints, which are then closed with overhead thresholds.

3. Preparation of materials and tools for work

The minimum set of tools. To lay the parquet board, you will need the following tools: a saw with a thin blade, a hammer, a sharp knife, a marking square, a drill, a chisel, a tape measure, a pencil, a wooden or plastic pick (at least 30 cm long with straight edges), wooden wedges, a spatula and mounting foot.

Preparation for the work of the board and related materials. Before proceeding directly to work, prepare the parquet board for laying. Unopened packages with parquet boards are recommended to be kept in the room where laying is to take place for at least 3-5 days in order to better adapt the board to the microclimate of the room. Parquet packs should be opened only in the course of work. Before laying the boards, you need to make sure that they do not have defects. If a damaged board is found, it can be replaced with a board without flaws by contacting the seller, or used at the beginning or end of the row during the laying process. The room in which the installation will be carried out must be well lit and have optimal performance temperature (18-24 °C) and air humidity (40-60%). Do not forget to prepare everything for work: the substrate and, if necessary, glue, plywood, hardware, rags to remove excess glue.

Important points to consider when laying parquet boards in a floating way

Before starting work, be sure to read the installation manual and the rules for operating the parquet board, drawn up by its manufacturer. The following are only general recommendations for laying parquet boards, as well as typical mistakes made by inexperienced craftsmen during installation work.

1. Brief step-by-step instructions for floating laying

First of all, you need to measure the width of the room and calculate how many rows of boards you need. If the width of the last row is less than 40 mm, cut the boards of the first row with a saw, reducing their width.

Spread the underlayment on the floor subfloor, if necessary fastening adjacent sheets of material with adhesive tape so that they do not bend during installation.

Start laying from left to right (fig. 1), from a solid wall of the room, placing the first board with a longitudinal tenon against the wall. The distance of 7-10 mm between the boards and the wall must be adjusted using wedges.

Install the next board with the short side facing the previous board. Connect the boards to each other with a spike in the groove (Fig. 2). Continue in this manner until the end of the first row.

Using a saw, cut the last board of the row to size, taking into account the expansion joint, and lay it.

Start the next row (fig. 5) with a piece cut from the last board laid. Adjacent boards should overlap each other by at least 30-50 cm (Fig. 3). For a tight connection, it is necessary to lightly knock adjacent boards to each other with a hammer and a punch (Fig. 8). Attention! Do not use cutting boards as a stump. Continue assembling the parquet board until you reach the last row.

The last row. Measure the width of the last row at several points (taking into account the expansion joint), mark the cutting line and cut the boards to the appropriate size. Lay the boards and press them firmly into place, for example with a mounting foot. Place a protective pad between the wall and the mounting foot to avoid damaging the wall. Install expansion wedges.

Even after studying the instructions for laying a parquet board, many make typical mistakes and miscalculations, namely:

lay a parquet board on a poorly prepared base;

carry out installation work in a room with inadequate temperature and humidity conditions;

do not arrange a technological seam at the border of the board with other floor coverings and when approaching vertical obstacles (walls, columns, built-in furniture);

use in laying trimming boards smaller than permissible sizes;

leave the distance between the end joints of the boards in adjacent rows less than 30 cm;

loosely connect the docking node (thorn-groove) of the board.

Important points to consider when laying parquet boards in a way of rigid fastening to the base

1. Brief step-by-step installation instructions with gluing to the base

Once again, make sure that the base, materials and tools for laying the board in this way are ready and of good quality.

Carry out the assembly of parquet boards in the same order as for the assembly of boards by the floating method, after applying a layer of glue to the base or back of the board.

Press each glued board firmly to the base with nails or a heavy weight. Do not remove the load until the adhesive has completely dried.

Avoid contact of adhesives with oily or varnished surfaces. Wipe off any excess adhesive that appears on the surface immediately with a damp cloth, preventing it from drying out.

Do not subject the floor to heavy loads in the first few hours after laying until the adhesive has completely dried.

2. The main mistakes during installation work

The method of rigid fastening to the base requires much more experience in parquet work. But even professional parquet floorers sometimes make mistakes:

do not clean the base from dust and dirt, which leads to a deterioration in the quality of gluing;

use poor-quality, improperly prepared or unsuitable glue;

do not control the consumption of glue;

do not press the boards tightly enough to the base, leaving “air pockets” between them;

do not remove glue residue from the surface of the board in time.

Summary

At the beginning of our article, we asked ourselves: what you need to know and be able to get a beautiful, reliable and durable parquet flooring. It's time to take stock.

Laying a parquet board is a time-consuming and responsible process that requires special knowledge and professional skills. Compliance with the following rules will help to achieve success in this difficult task.

Choose the right technology for laying parquet boards.

Acquire the necessary quality materials for laying.

Properly prepare the base.

Determine the laying direction.

Start laying the parquet board only after all wet work has been completed.

Entrust the execution of all the above points to professionals.

Laying boards on plywood

Plywood is best foundation for laying parquet boards. To improve the stability of the floor covering, plywood must be laid in a certain way, namely: first, the plywood must be divided into small squares (or rectangles) with sides of approximately 50-80 cm, and then laid so that the joints between the plywood and the joints that will be between the boards , were at an angle of 45º with respect to each other. That is, for example, if the board is planned to be laid parallel to the walls of the room, then the plywood should be laid diagonally (at an angle of 45º). Plywood is attached to the base (or to the joists) with self-tapping screws. For 1 sheet of plywood with a side of ≈ 60-70 cm, 9 self-tapping screws are required. And yet, between the sheets of plywood, it is necessary to leave a gap of about 5-10 mm. This is necessary so that when the geometry of the plywood changes (natural expansion with increasing humidity), the sheets do not rub against each other and do not cause a creak. A special material is laid between the plywood and the parquet board - the substrate.

Laying parquet on a concrete base (screed)

Parquet can also be laid on a screed. In this case, it is necessary that the screed is strong, dry, even and clean. It is desirable that the compressive strength of the screed be at least 10 MPa. A special device is used to measure the strength of the screed. To check the evenness of the base, a two-meter perfectly even rule with a level is used. For laying parquet boards, it is desirable that the height difference along the plane does not exceed 2 mm. on 2 running meters. The screed can be considered dry if its moisture content does not exceed 2%. If this figure is higher, then either you need to wait until the screed dries, or use a special vapor barrier primer, for example, Berger Primer P. When laying the board on the screed, it is better to use the Parkolag underlay, as it has good waterproofing properties and will prevent the penetration of moisture from the screed into the parquet. If the screed is dry, cork or synthetic underlays (such as Tuplex) can be used when laying parquet, which do not have such good waterproofing properties.

Laying parquet boards on old parquet, ceramic tiles, linoleum, etc.

The great advantage of a parquet board (or laminate) is the possibility of laying them on almost any surface. flat surface. Laying a three-layer board, like many other floor coverings with a key connection, occurs in a "floating" way. This method does not require gluing the parquet to the base, the parquet is easily assembled and dismantled. Requirements for the base, whether it is old parquet, ceramic tile, or other old flooring, do not differ from those that we examined above: the base must be flat and clean (it should be well vacuumed before laying). That it must also be dry and durable goes without saying. It is also important to choose the right substrate, since all substrates have different characteristics. The issue of choosing a substrate for parquet is considered by us in a separate article.