Greetings, dear friends!
To get good and regular pear harvests, you need to make sure that the tree is healthy. And for this you need to know what diseases this culture is affected by, how they manifest themselves, how to deal with them and what preventive measures exist. So, let's talk about pear diseases and their treatment on the site.
pear scab
If this disease appears on the tree, then black-greenish spots with a velvety coating form on the leaves. Pretty quickly, the spots get bigger, the leaves dry up and then fall off. With scab, dense hard spots form on the fruits, the flesh under which cracks heavily.
Also, young shoots are affected by scab, which are bent, and the bark on them is covered with cracks. Often such shoots dry up.
The causative agent of this disease lives on the fallen infected leaves, the bark of diseased branches and the remaining fruits. Scab spreads especially quickly in regions with high rainfall, which occurs in spring and summer. This disease is found almost everywhere, except for the arid zone.
Control measures:
1. Mandatory cleaning and destruction (burning) of fallen leaves.
2. Treatment with Bordeaux liquid or preparations containing copper. The first time spraying is carried out before flowering, when the buds just burst, but did not release the first leaf (green bud cone). The second spraying - at the end of flowering, and the third time - 10-12 days after the second. In seasons with high rainfall in spring, the number of treatments is increased: the first - by the kidneys, the second - when the buds turn pink, the third - after flowering and the fourth - after 10-12 days.
3. In regions where scab appears every year, it is advisable to treat pears every spring with Bordeaux liquid (4%) over bursting buds. applied to fruit crops, with such spraying, it protects against infection with scab until the end of flowering, and therefore the second spraying can be carried out only at the end of flowering.
4. Also, to combat this disease, such fungicidal preparations, like "Strobi", "Skor", "Popiram-DF", "Gamair".
"Strobi" process pears during the growing season twice with a gap of two weeks. Spray solution is prepared from 10 liters of water and 2 grams of the drug.
The preparation "" is sprayed with trees before and after flowering. Between spraying should take at least 10-12 days. In 10 liters of water, dilute 2 grams of the drug.
5. Prevention of this disease is the selection of varieties resistant to scab. Among them, the following varieties can be distinguished: Marble, Michurinskaya Beauty, Otradnenskaya, Lyra, Svetlyanka, Yakovlev's Memory, Tenderness, Central Russian, Chizhovskaya and others.
Fruit rot or moniliosis
This disease begins with the appearance of a brownish spot small size. Usually such a spot is formed on the fruit in places of damage by insects. The pulp of the pear becomes loose, and yellowish-gray swellings appear in the shape of a circle on the skin. These swellings are made up of a large number spores of fungi that cause the disease moniliosis (fruit rot). In the future, the infected fruits dry out and turn black. If such fruits are not removed in time, then the spores from them will be carried by the wind, raindrops and insects to healthy pears that can get sick.
Control measures:
1. Regular cleaning of fallen and rotten fruits in the garden, and after harvesting, the mandatory collection of all black and rotten fruits that remain on the pears. You also need to ensure that during the collection of fruits they are not applied mechanical damage.
2. In spring and summer, Bordeaux liquid, Abiga-Peak, Skor and other fungicidal preparations are treated. The first time the trees are sprayed with Bordeaux liquid 3-4 days before flowering, the second time - during the first carrion, and the third - 10-12 days after the second. Fungicides are used according to the instructions.
3. Compulsory control of harmful insects, as they help the penetration of the moniliosis fungus through the damaged skin of the pear. And insects such as goose bring spores into cracked and damaged fruits.
4. Prevention of this disease is also the planting of pear varieties resistant to fruit rot. These pears include: winter Michurina, Cure, Bere, Saint-Germain, Oktyabrskaya and Aurora.
Black cancer
Talking about pear diseases and their treatment , it is impossible not to mention the "Black Cancer". This disease is caused by a fungus that settles on fruits, leaves, on the bark of the trunk and large main branches of the crown. Cortical disease is considered especially dangerous. First, a slightly depressed spot is formed on the bark, painted in dark color, after some time, small black swellings appear on the bark, then the bark strongly cracks and dries out. As a result of black cancer, shoots located above the affected area die off quickly. If the spots are circular on the trunk, then the whole tree dies.
The fungus that causes this disease enters the tissues of the tree through various damage(mechanical, freezers, sunburn).
Most of all, black crayfish is found in the North Caucasus and other regions, where strong temperature fluctuations occur in spring, leading to damage to the bark.
On the fruits of pears, this disease appears in the form of black rot. At the same time, small blackish swellings form on the surface of the skin. Black cancer on the leaves forms small spots.
Control measures:
1. First of all, you need to create best conditions for growing pears. It is impossible to plant this crop in the lowlands and at the bottom of the southern slope, where temperature drops are especially strong. Also unsuitable areas for growing pears are places with stagnant water and a lot of lime in the soil.
2. On the sides of the pruning wound, fatty shoots should be left, which help the flow of nutrients, and thereby accelerate the healing of the wound.
3. To protect the bark on the trunks and branches from sudden changes in temperature, they are covered with milk of lime. Whitewashing should be done in autumn.
4. To prevent the appearance of black cancer, you need to protect the tree from sunburn and mechanical damage.
5. Damaged bark is first removed with a scraper or other tool. Then the wood is cleaned and treated with a solution of copper sulfate (1%), and then covered with drying oil or oil paint.
Cytosporosis
This disease is quite common in the central part of Russia and more 
its northern regions. Signs of cytosporosis resemble those of black cancer. It appears as slightly sunken spots of a brown-red tint on the trunk and large main branches. Where the diseased tissue borders on healthy tissue, strong cracks form, and the cortical tissues soften.
Small black swellings, in which spores of the cytospore fungus are stored, are randomly arranged along the pear bark. This fungus mainly settles on skeletal branches that have mechanical damage or frost holes.
Control measures:
1. Timely pruning and mandatory burning of diseased branches. You also need to whitewash the trunks and main branches. lime mortar autumn to prevent damage from extreme temperature changes.
2. Treatment of affected branches is carried out only when the wood under the bark is not damaged. In this case, the diseased bark is carefully removed, treated with a solution of copper sulfate and covered with oil paint.
pear rust
This common disease appears on the upper surface of the leaves as roundish orange-reddish spots. Places of accumulation of rust spores have the shape of a small cone. They appear on the underside of the leaves in July.
This disease can affect not only leaves, but also shoots. If a pear is heavily infected with rust, then it does not grow, and the fruits fall off ahead of time.
Control measures:
1. Treatment of trees with a solution of colloidal sulfur (1%) or Bordeaux liquid (1%) before and after flowering, as well as 10-15 days later. Good results are obtained by spraying with Bordeaux liquid (4%) at the very beginning of the growing season (when the buds just burst).
2. You can also treat pears with the preparation "Skor", which is an extended action fungicide. Two sprayings are carried out: before flowering and after it ends.
I hope the article pear diseases and their treatment will help you in maintaining the health of the garden. See you soon, dear friends!
Every gardener knows that fruit trees must be strong and healthy. The pear is one of the favorite crops of Russians, it grows well and bears abundant fruit in the Moscow region, where summers are often cool. But in some cases, the tree becomes ill or is affected by harmful insects, as a result of which changes occur that make fruiting and further growth of the pear impossible. What to do if it loses its usual appearance, and the quality of the fruit deteriorates?
Infectious diseases of pear
There are many garden diseases that can ruin a crop. The task of the summer resident is to identify signs and timely fight against pathogens.
black cancer- it's dangerous fungal disease fruit crops, which affects the bark, branches, leaves, as well as fruits. On the tree, you can see wounds that look like spots that increase over time. Soon, bright brown blotches appear along the edges of the wounds, which are the main symptom of the disease.
Red spots on fruits and leaves also signal danger - fruits decrease in size and dry out. For prevention purposes, collect fallen leaves in autumn and burn them, and remove pieces of bark affected by black cancer with a sharp knife, while capturing about 2 cm of healthy wood. Disinfect wounds after treatment blue vitriol. In the future, plant only those varieties of pears that are resistant to this disease.
Why do pear fruits rot for no apparent reason? The fact is that the harvest in the middle of summer is often affected by a fungal infection, which is called fruit rot or maniliasis.
Fruits are covered with brown spots, over time they grow and destroy the pears completely. Such fruits are unsuitable for human consumption and contribute to the spread of the fungus. Protection against infection consists in collecting damaged specimens and their timely destruction, after which the tree is sprayed with Bordeaux mixture.
Another equally dangerous disease affects foliage, shoots, flowers and fruits. Scab almost always leads to death fruit tree, its signs are small spots that increase in size over time. The following factors contribute to the development of the disease:
- torrential rains;
- cold weather;
- planting seedlings at a close distance from each other.
Fruits ripen in small quantities and become small, the peel hardens, as a result of which the fruits crack and burst. They cannot be eaten. Usually gardeners fight the disease by collecting and destroying fallen leaves, in addition, in the spring it is necessary to spray the tree with Bordeaux mixture and a weak solution of urea, the earth around it must also be treated with preparations.
Cytosporosis just like other pear ailments, it is caused by a fungal infection. The disease affects weakened trees that have suffered from excessive influence sun rays or frost. Stem rot is characterized by damage to the bark, which turns dark red and dries up. It is important to recognize the signs of the disease at an early stage and begin treatment immediately. So, the affected areas of wood must be removed with a sharp knife and the wounds treated with garden pitch. But the best protection prevention is considered from infection, which includes autumn whitewashing of trunks and timely destruction of dried branches.
Pear diseases: fight (video)
Microscopic fungi often cause rust, which manifests itself in the form of bright red spots on the foliage. The disease reduces the immunity of the tree, weakens it. As a treatment, gardeners use spraying with sulfur and Bordeaux liquid. Do not forget that diseased leaves and branches should be disposed of.
powdery mildew- This is a fungal disease that pears are susceptible to in the garden. It most often affects leaves and shoots, which stop growing and forming, most of them fall off ahead of time. Inflorescences affected by powdery mildew die, as a result of which the pear does not bear fruit at the end of summer. They fight this disease by eliminating diseased parts of the tree in the fall or in early spring, and it is also recommended to spray with a solution of colloidal sulfur.
Looking at pear trees, you can see the leaves that have acquired a milky hue. This disease is called milky shine, its main reason is improper care behind a fruit tree. Dryness, sudden changes in air temperature and aggressive exposure to sunlight contribute to the development of the disease. The infected bark must be removed, and the wounds are disinfected by applying a weak to the wood. Sick branches should be cut and burned to prevent the spread of the disease.
One of the known ailments is bacterial burn- damage to a tree caused by a dangerous microbe. After examining an unhealthy tree, the following symptoms can be distinguished:
- blackening and drying of inflorescences;
- darkening of the kidneys;
- damage to foliage and pear branches.
The whole tree gradually turns black, including the trunk and shoots, branches and flowers dry. It can only be saved at an early stage of the disease by taking a number of measures.
A powerful medicine against bacterial burn is a mixture of copper sulfate with milk of lime., a sick pear should be treated several times a year - during the period of bud appearance, after they bloom, after flowering is completed. They also spray the tree shortly before fruiting and after fruit picking. Some gardeners successfully treat the pear with antibiotics such as phytosporin and streptomycin. In this case, the spray solution is prepared by diluting 1 ampoule of the drug in 5 liters of water.
The decisive method of completely getting rid of the infection is the destruction of the sick fruit trees. They should be uprooted and burned immediately.
Rust on a pear: treatment methods (video)
Non-infectious diseases of pear
Chlorosis is a disease that often affects fruit trees. It is evidenced by unexpectedly appearing yellow leaves which fade and die over time.
The disease reduces the yield of pears, as the growing fruits do not receive sufficient nutrition. They become small and fall off, the fruit buds of the next year are not laid. The cause of chlorosis lies in the lack of iron in the soil., therefore, the treatment of a tree consists in saturating the soil with a valuable microelement. So, the pear is sprayed with a solution iron sulphate and other preparations containing this substance. And also you need to dig the ground around the tree and water it warm water with the addition of iron sulphate.
Trees often suffer from negative impact sunlight and excess moisture, as a result of which the foliage turns black and dies off at the end of summer. In winter, the pear is prone to freezing and subsequent damage to the bark, temperature drops inside the trunk lead to damage to the wood.
How to avoid illness
Garden pear grows well on all types of soil, this crop is especially fond of black soil. It needs regular watering and fertilization, as well as protection from pests. Nevertheless, common mistakes in agricultural technology lead to the fact that the fruit tree becomes sick. The following factors contribute to this:
- wrong choice of place for planting a pear;
- insufficient care;
- sudden changes in temperature;
- poor soil.
In order to avoid the occurrence of non-communicable diseases, it is enough just to properly care for the pear, water it on time and apply fertilizer. Indispensable measures are sanitary pruning of the tree and whitewashing of the trunk, as well as careful digging of the soil around it.
Prevention of infectious diseases of a pear includes the following rules:
- maintaining cleanliness around the tree;
- use of clean garden tools;
- selection of pear varieties resistant to infections.
It is important to know that branches and leaves affected by spores of the pathogen must be removed immediately, as they can become a source of new infection.
Pear pests and their control
Caterpillars of pear codling moth affect the pulp of fruits, as a result of which they are poorly preserved by the time of harvest and become unfit for human consumption. After you notice signs of the presence of these insects on the pear, proceed to the treatment of the tree with the Agravertin preparation, and 1 month after flowering, you can apply the Spark agent.
pear sucker not only sucks the cell sap from the tree, but also provokes the appearance of fungal diseases. Young leaves and buds dry up, as a result of which the pear does not bloom and fades. The fruits become inedible, deformed. You can fight with the sucker with the help of the above drugs, and folk remedies- decoction of pharmacy chamomile, tobacco dust.
pear mite also spoils pear foliage, causing it to dry. It is easy to get rid of it by spraying with a solution of colloidal sulfur.
Bacterial pear burn (video)
If you properly care for a fruit tree, then the risk of diseases and a large number of harmful insects is significantly reduced. Thus, the more time we devote to careful care of the culture, the less often we treat dangerous diseases and eliminate their consequences.
Gardeners who have ever dealt with pear diseases know that in a short time they can destroy the tree and fruits. To prevent this, it is necessary not only to know how to treat a pear, but also to determine in time from which disease the tree dies. Below is a list of pear diseases with descriptions and photographs. As well as options for its treatment for various diseases.
Pear diseases and the fight against them
Good to know!
If you find the source of the disease in time and prevent it, you can get a good harvest.
Scab
Strikes the multitude garden plants, including gardening. The leaves and wood of the pear suffer from it. First, the lower part of the leaf is affected with the appearance of black dots. Then the disease migrates to the fruits, and they become covered with rotten spots, and the peel cracks. In this regard, the fruit loses its taste.
How to treat:
To get rid of the scab, you need a Bordeaux mixture solution. They need to spray the trees before flowering, during the appearance of buds and after flowering. The bark should be thinned out a little so that the pear is ventilated. What falls off during thinning should be removed and the leaves thrown into the fire.
With a progressive disease, you can resort to the chemical agent "Skor". Typically, this treatment is carried out at least six times per season. Before winter, the soil must be dug up properly.
fruit rot
The fungus that infects the fruit causes brown spots, and over time, gray growths appear on them. In diseased fruits, the pulp rots, and the pears themselves fall to the ground. The virus is activated in the middle of summer, when the weather is dry and hot.
How to treat:
You can get rid of fruit rot by directly harvesting infected fruits and branches. In spring and autumn weather, for prevention, the tree is treated with a 1% Bordeaux mixture solution, and the leaves can be treated with lime and water.
Of the chemicals that will strengthen the immunity of the plant, the Baikal, Healthy Garden biococktail will help.
sooty fungus
From this disease, the leaves and fruits turn black on the tree. If the pear has reduced immunity, which is typical for young plantings, insects such as aphids worsen its condition even more.
How to treat:
When a sooty fungus appears, a soap-copper solution should be used together with Bordeaux mixture when spraying.
Interesting!
Sooty fungus is not afraid of the only variety of pear - the Cathedral.
powdery mildew
When appeared on this garden culture white coating on the leaves, it means the tree is sick. The plant soon begins to dry out and die. The leaves curl into a boat and fall to the ground. Young shoots are susceptible to such infection in the spring.
How to treat:
First of all, you need to get rid of those shoots that are already infected. In the extension phase, it is necessary to treat the buds with fungicides. Re-treatment should be done again, after two weeks.
Rust
The fungus is the causative agent of this disease. Orange spots on pear leaves and shoots indicate the presence of the disease. Activation takes place in mid-April. The diseased areas of the pear are no longer capable of accepting photosynthesis. If the disease is started, fruitfulness stops.
How to treat:
Experienced gardeners, when rust appears on leaves, more often destroy leaves and fruits susceptible to this disease. They argue that a solution of urea with copper sulphate, as well as ash mixed in marigold infusion, have proven themselves well. Spraying helps prevent this infection at an early stage, more often in the spring. All varieties of pear are susceptible to this virus.
Antonov fire
This is a pear-specific cancer that affects the bark of a tree and branches. It manifests itself in the form of cracks, which increase in size over time, and the bark bursts. Then brown spots pour out on the cracks, and the fungus penetrates into them. In this regard, other diseases immediately begin to move to the affected pear.
How to treat:
It is necessary to treat pear cancer slowly, carefully diagnosing the infected areas where the root cancer is located. Bordeaux liquid and a solution of copper sulphate have proven themselves to be the simplest and most effective means.
Bacterial burn
It is considered a dangerous disease that spreads from diseased trees to healthy ones. Can lead to the destruction of all horticultural crops. If you do not start to fight him in time, you can lose forever beautiful site and diseased trees will have to be burned.
How to treat:
If the gardener found a bacterial burn on a pear at the initial stage, you can simply remove the affected branches and treat with a solution of copper or iron sulphate. As chemical methods can be treated with Azophos solution or antibiotics: gentamicin, rifampicin.
It is best to start processing in late spring. To prevent inflorescence disease, it is recommended to treat with Bordeaux mixture.
With a more advanced stage of the disease, it is necessary to uproot or burn trees.
brown spot
Begins to appear during the end of spring. Leaves affected by this disease are covered with brownish spots. Every day their number increases and falls to the ground. The period of strong disease activity occurs in mid-summer.
How to treat:
With brown spotting, infected leaves should be destroyed. Treatment of pear leaf disease is carried out with a fungicide in conjunction with copper. Spraying is recommended to stop after fruit growth.
Mosaic on leaves
Often observed in young plantings on the leaves in the form of greenish spots. Some gardeners try to graft trees against all sorts of diseases, thereby risking infecting them with this disease during grafting.
How to treat:
Mosaic on the leaves is not treated. If the disease progresses, seedlings or big trees no longer help. It would be best to cut down such trees and burn them until the infection has migrated to healthy plants growing near the source of the disease.
Cracks in the bark
If small fruits and puffiness are observed, and the tree is covered with numerous cracks, then the plant is sick. But the cracks themselves are not yet cause for concern. Infestation that has engulfed plantings can penetrate wounds with spores and cause rot.
How to treat:
Cracks in the bark of trees cannot be ignored. Ignoring this form of the disease can lead to other infectious diseases. When treating, you should arm yourself wire brush, with which it will be possible to clean the damaged bark. If you don't have a brush, a knife will do. The next step will be the treatment of the bark with a solution Bordeaux mixture with an antifungal drug (you can pick up any). Also used in the treatment of a solution of iron sulphate. At the end, after processing, the cracks are usually covered with wet clay.
white spotting
Caused by the formation of white spots on the surface of the leaves. As the disease progresses, the spots change color from white to yellow and then brown. As a rule, the infection begins in late spring, the plant's immunity deteriorates, the leaves fall to the ground, and lose the ability to resist winter. If left to the mercy of fate, over the years the disease will progress and infect other trees. It's all about the bacteria, which perfectly tolerate wintering and every year in the spring again infects the pear.
How to treat:
White spot treatment is carried out in early spring using a solution of nitrafen (10 liters of water per 5 grams of product). Even summer residents are accustomed to using a mixture of slaked lime and a solution of copper sulfate. Spraying is carried out for one season repeatedly. The initial period when you need to do this is April, when the buds are just blooming. Then during the appearance of buds and after flowering.
Some gardeners spend and late processing. In this case, spraying is carried out to check the effect of the liquid on the leaves. For example, if there are no burns, it is recommended to process all parts of the pear.
If the leaves and fruits of the pear have darkened or become stained, this may be a sign of a bacterial or fungal infection of the tree. Today we will look at the most common pear disease- description with photos and methods of treatment. Love your garden - and it will give you an abundance of delicious fruits!
Pear diseases - description, treatment, photos
Noticing signs of disease on neighboring trees, carry out preventive treatment of the rest. This is an unshakable rule of the gardener. Tell your garden neighbor to do the same. So you will save yourself from the loss of the crop. Processing a pear chemicals, consider the period for removing its components from the plant so as not to feed your family with poisonous fruits.
Most pear diseases are fungal in nature. Mushrooms love dampness and heat. To prevent them from doing well on pear or other trees, thin the canopy well. Don't plant a tree in a poorly ventilated dream garden. To stop the spread of spores, burn cut diseased areas, keep the area around the tree clean, loosen the root zone of the soil, and carry out preventive treatment annually. Also keep a constant pest control, as they can also cause disease.
pear scab
Description. The disease is the result of the reproduction of the fungus. It is characterized by the formation of olive spots with a velvety surface on the lower part of the leaves. The fruits crack, deform, become covered with putrefactive spots.
In the photo, leaves affected by scab Treatment. If you notice signs of scab damage to the pear, spray the tree with Bordeaux mixture. The following drugs will help you save a tree in case of severe infection: "Skor", "Dnok", "Nitrafen". Thin out the crown of the pear so that it is well ventilated. This will prevent the growth of the fungus. Collect carrion and fallen leaves regularly, loosen the soil around the tree.
fruit rot
Description. scientific name diseases - moniliosis. It is also caused by fungi, but of a different kind. A sign of tree infection will be the formation of brown spots on the fruit, followed by the formation of growths. Some infected fruits fall off, others dry up on the branches. The peak of the disease occurs in the second part of the summer.
Photo of pear fruit rot Treatment. The crown of the affected tree should be thinned out, all the fruits remaining on the branches should be removed, and the area around it should be carefully cleaned. They fight against moniliosis with the help of Bordeaux liquid and the Hom preparation. Such a cocktail is effective: Healthy Garden + Baikal + Ecoberin. At the beginning and at the end of the season, the wood is treated with lime milk.
sooty fungus
Description. The fruits and leaves of the pear are covered with a black coating, similar to soot. A favorable environment for the development of the fungus is created in the second half of summer, on a tree weakened and affected by pests.
sooty fungus Treatment. Destroys the fungi that cause the appearance of black plaque, the drug "Calypso". A more gentle option is Fitoverm.
powdery mildew
Description. Another fungal infection Pear leaves look like they have been sprinkled with flour. Over time, the plaque takes on a rusty appearance, and the leaves and flowers crumble.
In the photo you see powdery mildew on pear leaves. Treatment. From powdery mildew helps "Fundazol" and "Sulfite". From folk ways: Potassium permanganate solution or soda ash with soap. All dried leaves and shoots must be collected and burned.
leaf rust
Description. At first, the leaves become covered with yellow spots, which eventually change color to red. The disease-causing fungus grows on coniferous trees.
Red spots, as in the photo, indicate the development of leaf rust Treatment. You need to start the fight against rust in early spring. A good effect is brought by spraying with Bordeaux mixture, infusion of ash. In difficult cases, multiple spraying with a solution of the drug "Baleyton" helps. In autumn, the use of "Carbamide" is shown.
Black cancer
Description. The disease develops gradually over several years. Pears appear on the trunk and branches small cracks, which over time become wider, deeper and covered with brown spots. Such deep wounds on the tree become gates for the penetration of various infections.
Photograph of the initial stage of black pear cancer Treatment. Removing the wounded part of the tree will help correct the situation. The cut point should be treated with copper sulfate, and then with a mixture of clay and mullein. Complete cleaning of autumn leaves is very important.
Cytosporosis
Description. Based on the external manifestation, the disease was nicknamed stem rot. Sign - localized brown spots on the bark of a tree. Provoke stem rot sunburn or frostbite.
Cytosporosis Treatment. The methods of struggle are similar to the previous case. It is also necessary to remove the dried parts of the plant in time, to whiten the trunk for the winter.
Bacterial burn
Description. Dangerous damage to the pear tree, the main manifestation of which is twisting and blackening of the leaves. However, they remain on the tree. Following this, the trunk and shoots die. The reason for this condition of the tree is bacteria, which are easily carried by insects, wind and precipitation.
In the photo, a bacterial burn of a pear Treatment. Most the right way struggle - the complete removal of the affected branches with a deep capture of healthy tissues. The amputated part must be burned, and the used tools must be disinfected. Sections are treated with a solution of antibiotics and the entire tree is sprayed. During the growing season, the pear is repeatedly sprayed with Bordeaux mixture.
Pear is one of the most common and is highly valued by gardeners because of its tasty and healthy fruits. However, this cultivated plant, like all others, is subject to the most various diseases. One of the most formidable is the bacterial pear burn. Treatment can be quite long and not give the desired result, especially if you use universal means against Often gardeners lose a lot of time on these useless manipulations, and when they understand what they are dealing with, it is already too late to save the tree.
What is a bacterial burn
Many gardeners do not know how to recognize this formidable disease, which is why they lose a lot of time, and meanwhile there is less and less chance to save the tree. Among these ailments, the most dangerous is precisely the bacterial burn of the pear. Treatment depends on how quickly a correct diagnosis is made and whether there are other trees in the immediate area that could be infested. To date, experts are working hard to find effective remedy to fight it, however, despite this, the disease continues to actively destroy the gardens.
The first time a bacterial burn was recorded in the eighteenth century. Approximately 150 years later, the disease spread throughout the continent. Now she is found all over the world, regularly devastating gardens. All terrestrial parts of the plant are affected by pear bacterial burn. Treatment should begin as early as early stages otherwise it may be ineffective.
Symptoms
What does a bacterial blight of fruit crops look like? The process begins in the inflorescences and quickly covers the entire tree. There is a defeat of branches and shoots. In the spring, you will observe how the disease slows down the opening of the buds, which turn black, dry out, but do not fall off, but continue to stick to the branches. If the disease hit the tree at the time of flowering, then the flowers will also darken and wither. Slowly, young twigs and leaves will begin to turn black, they crowd together, but remain in their place. That is why the disease is called "Anton's fire." The pear stands as if burnt, black, lifeless, but with all the flowers, fruits and leaves.
Further, the infection moves along the trunk. It may be too late at this stage to wonder how to treat pear blight, but it is worth trying to save the rest of the garden so that other trees do not suffer the same fate. At this stage, you can observe how the bark softens. Drops of milky white color appear on it, they are called exudate. The bark around the place of excretion acquires a characteristic pattern, red-brown stains appear on it. Those tissues that are already affected by the infection begin to exfoliate, become covered with blisters. Ulcers form on the tree.
Causes
So what causes pear blight? Treatment can only be successful when we know exactly what we are dealing with. The causative agent of the infection is the bacterium Erwinia amylovora. They spread from a diseased tree to a healthy one, and high humidity and moderate air temperature are the most favorable factors for the development of infection. There is no age range for the spread of the disease.
Diseases of young pears are as common as diseases of old fruit trees. The exudate mentioned above forms thin threads which are easily carried by the wind. It is he who transmits the pathogens, which means that the disease quickly affects everything around. The most convenient for the development of infection are flowers, in which it develops and continues its journey throughout the tree. That is, spring is the time when the risk of infection is greatest.
Less often, the infection enters the plant with the help of rain. Bacteria survive the winter inside the pear, and with the advent of spring, they resume their development. By the middle of summer, you will see milky white drops coming out. That is, the cycle repeats again. Very rarely, infection occurs during grafting or through pruning tools. The infection can also be transmitted by insects, aphids, bees, flies and wasps.
Prevention
To protect the pear from a bacterial burn, you must follow some rules. First of all, you need to maintain cleanliness on the site, pull out all wild plants. This is especially true of hawthorn, which is often the focus of infection. It is very important to process fruit crops in time, as pests are very fond of a tree like a pear. Leaf diseases are not the only problem they suffer. On their bristles, they will easily bring pathogens of a bacterial burn into your garden.
Treatment
Experts offer several methods that can be used to combat this disease. Each of them has been tested countless times and is quite effective. At the same time, they all have their pros and cons, so you need to weigh the perceived risks and benefits well. We bring to your attention three ways that help cure a bacterial burn.
Radical method of dealing with the disease
If you have a lot of fruit trees growing on your site, and you notice rapidly developing symptoms of the disease in one of them, then it would be best to get rid of it quickly. So you secure the rest of the garden. Moreover, if the area of the lesion is less than 30%, then you can try to remove all the affected areas, cut even healthy tissue 20-40 cm below the lesion. After that, it is imperative to process the tools with 70% alcohol or 10% copper sulphate.
Be sure, if you notice signs of a bacterial burn in your garden, remove all wild plants and shrubs, and treat the garden for pests to avoid further dissemination infections.
Treatment with antibiotics
This is the most effective method, which is most often recommended by experts. In order to get rid of this scourge, the most common "Streptomycin" is used. Moreover, the most effective is the use of antibiotics during the growing season. This drug can be bought at a regular veterinary pharmacy, while large bottles of 500 thousand units. very accessible.
With a slight lesion, you can use "Streptomycin". Dosage - one ampoule per 5 liters, it is enough to process a dozen young trees. Best time for this procedure - May, June. At this time, shoots grow rapidly, and such treatment will be an excellent prevention. It is worth repeating the procedure after 2-3 weeks, as well as after each heavy rain, especially with hail.
It is not recommended to use "Streptomycin" more than 3 times in a row. Therefore, after several treatments, they switch to immunity stimulants - these are Fitosporin, Immunocytofit, Silk, Zircon and many other drugs. In addition, you can take 2 tablets of any tetracycline from a veterinary pharmacy for the next treatment. It should also be dissolved in 5 liters of water.
With a strong lesion, you can try injections of "Streptomycin" under the cortex. To do this, choose the most affected place, cut it out, and then perform ordinary injections around.
Chemical treatments
Today in stores you can be offered a large selection of universal, antibacterial drugs that can most often help if a pear is infected. Diseases of leaves, fruits, various pests - all these are problems that are solved quite easily. However, bacterial burn is a slightly different case.
Modern fungicides, except for copper-containing ones, have practically no effect on its pathogens, which means that such treatment will do little. Many gardeners use The treatment is carried out after leaf fall, then in early spring and several more times until the fruits are poured. However, this tool can only be used for prevention. If the infection has already spread, then it remains only to cut out the affected areas and try to save the rest of the tree. Dead plants or individual branches must be burned.
Other common diseases
However, bacterial burn is not the only problem for gardeners. Now let's look at what other diseases of pear leaves exist and the fight against them. A common ailment is scab. This is what affects the leaves, flowers and fruits. The leaves fall off, the fruits crack. The disease can also lead to damage to the shoots, but then it is better to remove them. Scab, fruit rot are diseases of pear fruits that respond well to treatment. Rot appears on fruits as brownish spots on the surface.
To combat scab, multiple spraying with Bordeaux mixture and copper chloride is used. You need to start processing before flowering. The second time to carry out this procedure is recommended during the ovary of the buds, then after flowering and two weeks after it. Against fruit rot, more strong remedy- universal fungicide "Inta-Vir".
For prevention and use "Fundazol" or "Sulfite". It should be borne in mind that the fungus spreads well in wet weather, so it is better to carry out several treatments. A mixture of antibiotics helps well against powdery mildew: "Penicillin", "Streptomycin" and "Terramycin" in a ratio of 1: 1. Often on pears you can see rust, bright brown spots on leaves and fruits. Against this disease, it is necessary to use a solution of Bordeaux mixture.
Major pests
When choosing how to process a pear, it is good to include an insect repellent in the mixture at the same time. They also cause considerable damage, in addition, they are carriers of various bacterial diseases. This is a hawthorn butterfly and a brown fruit mite, and a gall mite, a pear itch, a pear sawfly and a pear trumpeter, as well as many others. In order to protect yourself from all these misfortunes, it is enough to treat the garden with a systemic insecticide, such as Decis, Calypso or Biscay.
Summing up
Diseases such as bacterial blight, powdery mildew, fruit rot, rust can quickly nullify all your work in the garden. Preventive treatment should be carried out regularly, and if necessary, measures should be taken to quickly and effective treatment. All the above means and methods have been tested many times, their effectiveness has been proven, so you can use them on your own without a doubt. suburban area. The universal scheme is a preventive treatment in the fall, after leaf fall, then in the spring, immediately after waking up, then after flowering. This is usually enough to keep you happy all year round.
