Geotextiles: areas of application and key characteristics. Geotextiles: characteristics, advantages and features of application in landscape design. Does geotextile rot in the ground?

The modern world is very demanding on the characteristics of materials. Everyone is trying to choose something better, innovative, reliable and natural. That is why manufacturers are increasingly moving away from synthetic products altogether, or offering excellent substitutes for natural substances. This applies to almost all areas of life, from households, everyday life, and ending with construction products. One of these modern materials that combines the properties of natural products and high technology, became geotextiles. Its main purpose is water filtration and soil separation. It is irreplaceable when working with any type of soil, it perfectly holds and strengthens slopes, and is also used in the construction of dams. The article will discuss the use of geotextiles.

Geotextiles are considered the best choice in cases where it is necessary to install any hermetic underground structures and not worry about sharp stones being able to break through the protective layer. The product is used in the construction of buildings and houses, roads, landfills or other underground storage facilities, as well as various other structures.

There are several types of geotextiles based on the manufacturing method. It is worth examining the classification in more detail of this material and its main properties.

Geotextile fabric, types and characteristics

Geotextile is usually called a non-woven fabric made of synthetic fibers that looks very much like fabric. It is produced in large rolls and is made from polypropylene or polyester fibers, which are pressed to form a single structure. The product is distinguished by its low cost, but at the same time, excellent performance characteristics and long term services.

The scope of application of the material is quite extensive; it is used in construction and in the furniture industry, in gardening and in the household. Geotextile fabric can be divided by area of application.

Drainage geotextiles- used for constructing a drainage system or for winding drainage pipes;

Furniture geotextiles- is used for interior upholstery upholstered furniture and in the production of mattresses, as well as as a protective layer when transporting furniture sets;
Garden geotextiles- in this capacity it is used to create greenhouses, since it perfectly protects from frost, as well as from direct sunlight, in addition, very often they cover the ground around it cultivated plants to reduce the number of weeds;
Construction geotextiles- this type is used for construction purposes, for waterproofing the foundation or basement of a house, paving slabs are laid on it, and is also used in road construction;
Packaging geotextiles- used as packaging material for equipment, shoes, clothing and other substances and elements.

This classification does not give an idea of what geotextiles are made of. Thus, according to the manufacturing method, modern manufacturers offer several main types of geotextile material:

needle punched geotextile, which can be reinforced with geogrids or duplicated with a geomat;

thermally bonded geotextile;
woven geotextile.

In Russia, most construction companies, and even ordinary consumers, prefer to use thermally bonded geotextiles, while abroad they most often prefer to use needle-punched ones. This is due to the fact that although the thermally bonded material has high breaking loads, in fact this characteristic does not guarantee long-term operation.

The thing is that such a fabric is not capable of efficiently filtering water from soil containing clay or fine sand. The particles clog the structure of the product, and water does not pass inside, but erodes the upper layers of the soil. Needle-punched geotextiles have more elastic pores through which liquid passes freely, even if the material is used on clay soil.
This means that thermally bonded geotextiles can only be used in cases where the soil does not have fine particles, that is, as drainage system, as well as to strengthen the slopes. While needle-punched geotextiles are a more versatile material, especially in cases of reinforcement with geogrids.
There are also geotextiles made from polypropylene, which is extremely durable, reliable and resistant to chemical attack. And made of polyester, which is considered not so resistant to chemicals.

And another type that deserves attention is mixed geotextile - it is produced with the addition of recycled materials (wool, cotton fiber, viscose), has a low cost, but, however, is not very reliable. This is one of the most natural and environmentally friendly geotextile materials, which, unfortunately, quickly fails during operation, as natural fibers rot from contact with water.

Needle punched geomaterial

It can consist of both polypropylene fibers and polyester fibers; they are connected to each other using the needle-punched method. That is, the fabric is obtained by pulling fibers using serrated needles through layers of special material. Thanks to this technology, the product perfectly passes liquids, but only along and across.
In Russia, a material such as Dornit is produced by a similar method. It is based on polypropylene. It is resistant to mechanical stress and heavy loads, does not deform during operation and has excellent strength. Most often used in road construction, landscape design and to strengthen slopes.

Thermally fixed geomaterial (non-woven geotextile)

Obtained by bonding fibers together high temperature. That is, the resulting fabric has increased strength, but is capable of passing water only in one direction - transverse. As a result, it is not recommended to be used for drainage or in the road sector, but is optimally used for weed control and for laying paving slabs.

In Russia, geotextiles are produced by the Technonikol company. The material is made mechanically, and is held together by heat treatment. The company positions its products as reliable and durable and offers to use them to strengthen foundations, in the construction of pipelines, roads, to improve drainage and as waterproofing.

Woven geotextile

Otherwise called knitting-stitching, it also consists of polyester or propylene fibers, which this option stitched with threads. This is the least resistant type of product, as there is a risk of material rupture. As a result, the canvas becomes unusable, as it ceases to cope with its basic functions.

Advantages and characteristics of geotextiles

Geotextile material has many positive qualities:

universal in use;
rot-resistant;
has high strength;

resistant to chemicals, both acids and alkalis;
has a long service life and increases the service life of construction projects;
suppresses weed growth;
prevents the development of soil erosion;
has filtering properties;
accelerates water drainage;
has high tear resistance (can elongate up to 45%)
has high elasticity;
reinforces building structures;
does not decompose and is an environmentally friendly material);
has low cost;
reduces material consumption during installation of structures;
easy to use and install.

When using geotextiles, the cost of maintaining structures is significantly reduced. Roads built on substrates such as peat, clay or other soils with high humidity may not survive even one season if they are not pre-reinforced. Crushed stone used in construction, due to the use of geotextile fabric, does not mix with weak foundations and reliably keeps highways from destruction and deformation.

Geotextile materials are resistant to many external factors, including:

to punctures (you don’t have to be afraid to lay the canvas even if there is a large accumulation of sharp stones);
to alkalis and acids (not affected by soils with any pH level);
to ultraviolet radiation (which is especially important in cases of installation of roofing systems);
to biological organisms (fungi, bacteria and others);
to groundwater.

When purchasing a product, you should pay attention to such parameters as:

density;
compound;
service life.

Thus, the most popular material is considered to be one made entirely of polypropylene. The service life of geotextiles can reach 100 years; no other similar material can compete with such durability.

Laying geotextiles

For correct installation geotextile fabric should follow a certain sequence.

So, the first step will be preparing the foundation. That is, the surface is leveled, if necessary upper layer the soil is removed a few centimeters, and the exposed soil is compacted. If it is impossible to achieve evenness of the existing layer, then it is recommended to fill in an even layer of sand and compact it thoroughly.

The next step will be laying the geomaterial on a flat and clean surface. The rolls are rolled out on the base with an overlap of at least 25-35 cm. This measure is necessary for the material to efficiently cope with its main task. If it is not possible to achieve ideal smoothness of the base, then an overlap is made of 40 cm or more.
Next, you need to qualitatively connect the canvases. For this, special brackets made of plastic or metal are used, you can also use the method cold welding. Staples take longer, so if required quick installation, then it is better to use welding.
In order to qualitatively connect the material into a single sheet, the edges of the tape are heated with a special burner, and then a second sheet of geotextile is applied on top and the seam is pressed down for a short period. This is enough to securely fasten the product.
The next step is covering the geotextile with soil of the thickness required for each specific case. The soil is rolled away, but not with an overly heavy object. Further, the rest of the materials are laid or the corresponding structures are erected, according to the required technologies.

It is not difficult to lay geotextiles, it is important to choose the right material for a specific situation.

Geotextiles assortment and prices

Geotextile "Geotex"

“Geotex 150” price from 214.87 rubles;
“Geotex 200” price from 19.35 rubles;
"Geotex 250" price from 223.31 rubles;
“Geotex 300” price from 227.97 rubles;
“Geotex 350” price from 32.63 rubles;
“Geotex 400” price from 37.29 rubles;
"Geotex 500" price from 46.61 rub.

Geotextile "Kanvalan"

“Kanvalan 150” price from 22.42 rubles;
"Kanvalan 200" price from 29.90 rubles;
"Kanvalan 250" price from 37.38 rubles;
"Kanvalan 300" price from 44.85 rubles;
“Kanvalan 350” price from 52.32 rubles;
"Kanvalan 400" price from 59.80 rubles;
“Kanvalan 450” price from 67.27 rubles;
"Kanvalan 500" price from 74.75 rubles.

Geotextile "Avantex"

"Avtex 100" price from 12.50 rubles;
"Avtex 150" price from 14.70 rubles;
"Avtex 200" price from 20.25 rubles;
"Avtex 250" price from 23.30 rubles;
"Avtex 300" price from 27.95 rubles;
"Avantex 110" price from 10.80 rubles;
"Avantex 120" price from 11.80 rubles;
"Avantex 130" price from 12.75 rubles;
"Avantex 140" price from 13.75 rubles;
"Avantex 160" price from 14.90 rubles;
"Avantex 180" price from 16.80 rubles;
"Avantex 200" price from 18.65 rubles;
"Avantex 220" price from 20.50 rubles;
"Avantex 330" price from 30.75 rubles;
"Avantex 350" price from 32.60 rubles;
"Avantex 400" price from 37.25 rubles;
"Avantex 500" price from 46.55 rubles;
"Avantex 600" price from 55.90 rubles;
"EcoTex 200" price from 18.12 rubles;
"EcoTex 250" price from 22.23 rubles;
"EcoTex 300" price from 26.33 rubles;
"EcoTex 350" price from 31.08 rubles;
"EcoTex 400" price from 34.92 rubles;
"EcoTex 450" price from 39.51 rubles;
"EcoTex 500" price from 43.60 rub.

Geotextile "Geospan"

"Geospan TN 100" price from RUB 2,207.75.

Geotextile "Technohaut"

“Technohaut Geo 60” price from RUB 700.00;
“Technohaut Geo 100” price from RUB 1,148.00;
“Technohaut Geo 130” price from RUB 1,484.00;

Geotextile Dornit

"Dornit 200" 3x100 m price from 19.30 rubles;
"Dornit 250" price from 21.00 rubles;
"Dornit 300" 3x50 m price from 28.05 rubles;
"Dornit 300" 6x50 m price from 28.40 rubles;
"Dornit 350" price from 33.60 rubles;
"Dornit 400" 6x50 m price from 37.45 rubles;
"Dornit 400" 3x50 m price from 37.70 rubles;
"Dornit 500" 6x50 m price from 46.50 rubles;
"Dornit 550" 3x50 m price from 49.50 rub.

Before you buy geotextiles, you should remember that they come in different varieties. Woven (produced by weaving threads at right angles), non-woven (produced from polyester or propylene by needlepunching and thermal bonding of threads) and even knitted (the so-called geoknitted fabric, made by loop weaving). The fabric has high strength and durability.

The material is used in many areas, especially where soil separation, reinforcement, filtration or as drainage are required. It is used in medicine, road construction, agriculture, in the construction of houses, in the production of furniture and for packaging various substances.

The main properties include the fact that the product does not rot, does not change its qualities, even when in aggressive conditions, and is resistant to chemical reagents. The material allows water to pass through perfectly, but does not silt or become clogged with soil particles. Maintains reliability even when sub-zero temperatures(up to -60 degrees) and at high temperatures (up to +100 degrees). Laying geotextiles is quite simple, and the strips can be secured to each other either using special staples or by cold welding.

Russian manufacturers offer their own version of the material, which is called “Dornite”. It is produced in rolls, the width of which is 150 cm and up to 5.3 m, and the length from 50 m to 150 m. The density of the product can be different and varies from 90 to 800 g/m2. Canvases can be used in many objects, when constructing embankments, in landscape design, for drainage systems, in the construction of houses and roads. In terms of cost, Russian material is the most profitable for consumers.

Geotextiles are special technical material, for the production of which polypropylene or polyester raw materials are used. Sometimes there is material with the addition of natural fibers. The basis of geotextiles is needle-punched synthetic fabric with low production costs and a long service life.

Externally, the synthetic material resembles regular fabric. In fact, the customer is dealing with a non-woven structure of well-compressed polypropylene or polyester fibers. Blended fabrics may have inclusions of half-woolen (cotton) threads.

Photo material

Specifications presented:

surface density from 150 g/m² to 600 g/m²;
breaking load of strip width from 180 to 960 N/m, GOST 15902.3;
breaking load of the strip along the length from 280 to 1140 N/m, GOST 15902.3;
elongation along the length at a load of 25% of breaking: 28–20%;
elongation along the width at a load of 25% of breaking: 34–25%;
filtration coefficient – 20;
coefficient of resistance to low temperatures – 0.9.

Material composition varies:

Products made from polypropylene. The material is a high-strength geotextile with high resistance to chemical influences and resistance to rotting processes. Has a good filtration coefficient;
Polyester products. This type of material is inferior to the quality indicators of polypropylene fibers. This is due to poor resistance to chemical influences in an acidic or alkaline environment;
Products of mixed composition. For the production of mixed geotextiles it is used secondary raw materials. The manufacturing process will differ by the addition of various wool, viscose and cotton recyclables. The resulting product is cheap, but does not have sufficient reliability and durability, like propylene ones. Natural fibers quickly rot, which leads to a violation of the integrity of the entire product and the formation of voids. The risk of destruction of construction projects increases sharply.

Advantages of the material:

No deformation - performs well as a reinforcing material.
High rates of water permeability, promoting high-quality filtration.
Isotropy, which made it possible to obtain uniform properties in all directions.
Possibility of elongation reaching 45–50% at break with full preservation of functionality.
Indicative filtering characteristics that are not subject to change due to vibrations or increased pressure.
Increased strength and resistance to tearing during installation.
Chemical resistance.
Variety of fastening methods.

What types are there?

The variety of geotextiles must meet technical standards and requirements, which apply to materials used in construction, gardening, and furniture production.

Due to its special functional properties, geotextiles have found wide application.

Among the most preferred abilities, the following capabilities should be highlighted:

fortifications;
seals;
filtration;
drainage;
thermal protection;
mechanical protection.

Depending on production technologies, the following is supplied to the market:

Needle-punched geotextile based on geomaterial made from continuous polyester or polypropylene fibers. A special “needle-punched” method is used to connect the fibers. This simple but amazing technology allows the resulting material to pass water in the best possible way. During use, geotextile does not flood. The pores of the material remain clean and are not susceptible to the introduction of soil particles.
Thermally bonded or heat-fixed geotextiles made by exposing synthetic fibers to elevated temperatures. By melting synthetic fibers it provides special tensile strength of the geotextile. Of course, the strength of such a high-quality connection will be very high, but the filtration performance will deteriorate. With high levels of resistance to chemical influences and rodent attacks, the scope of application of such geotextiles will be limited.
Knitted-stitched or woven geotextiles made by stitching synthetic fibers with threads. When using this method, the proper quality and terms of use of the material are not ensured. The risk of products “unraveling” during operation will lead to irreversible consequences and complete loss of necessary qualities. Domestic producers are gradually abandoning its production.
Heat-treated geotextiles are mechanically produced and then securely bonded by heat treatment. The material has good puncture resistance and UV resistance. The product is neutral to reactions with acids, is not subject to smoldering and fungal diseases. Environmentally friendly and easy to install.

Use Cases

Various applications require the use of appropriate types of geotextiles. The main types are presented:

Construction geotextile

The structure of geotextiles for construction purposes endows it with the property of eliminating the transmission of water while simultaneously retaining moisture.

The material itself is not capable of dampening. In construction, this advantage allows water to freely bypass the structure of the material. Particles groundwater do not clog the threads of the geomaterial.

The material has high load capacity. Virtually not subject to mechanical damage. The high plasticity of products and the ability to expand/contract with temperature changes make them indispensable for arranging foundations and bases. The product has proven itself well as a heat insulator for metal structures. Also, geotextiles are used as a lining for the foundation. Does not allow the rust formation process to begin due to the lack of moisture in the pores of the material.

Garden or landscape geotextiles

As a landscape geomaterial, it has found the widest application for protecting plants from harmful proximity to weeds or for arranging various paths. This material serves as a good base for mulching. Thermally bonded geotextiles made of polypropylene fibers are best suited for this application.

Garden geotextiles being completely artificial material capable of creating the necessary conditions the growth of the most fastidious plants. The structural uniqueness of the material ensures free penetration of moisture and air. The product does not interfere with the convenient introduction of fertilizers and essential nutrients, the interaction of soil with plant roots and the external environment.

Geotextiles showed good performance in weed control DuPont™ Plantex®. The product has proven its effectiveness and durability in practice. Remarkably passes moisture, well detains growth of weeds. Even the most heavy rainfall does not linger in the top layer of the cover (mulch). The use of geotextiles in horticulture is very effective.

Drainage geotextiles

This product is suitable for arranging drainage systems and pipe communications on land plots within the city or on personal plot. Manufactured soft drainage allows you to eliminate or reduce the number of blockages, especially with a complex level of landscape design.
Soft drainage consists of two layers of coating consisting of the geotextile material itself and a layer of waterproofing. Geotextiles are ideal for drainage. Waterproofing will ensure reliable drainage of excess water.

Furniture geotextiles

Over time, geotextiles have taken their place in the furniture industry. During production internal parts upholstered furniture requires high-quality upholstery, for which special geotextiles are used. Furniture geotextiles can be used to make mattresses. Textiles are good for transportation household appliances and furniture as a protective material.

Advantages of technological laying of geotextiles

The technological process of laying geotextiles has its own subtleties. Laying technology involves the use of a team of trained workers with an appropriate theoretical basis. Work for various applications is carried out in stages and preferably with special skills.
Laying geotextiles as a base can be considered using the example of paving paving slabs with the following steps:

Surface preparation

In principle, any work related to high-quality installation of geotextiles begins with leveling the base base. Correctly selected geotextiles are laid on the base. It is necessary to achieve as level a surface as possible. To do this, a layer of earth is removed and then compacted well. Sometimes to receive better surface sand flooring is being made.

Another technology involves the use of 2-layer material. This approach to laying provides a layer of crushed stone laid on the prepared surface and covered with geotextiles on top and bottom. This approach will prevent the soil from subsiding and will ensure that the surface remains level.

The layer of crushed stone held by such a shelter will act as a kind of drainage channel. Moisture will seep freely between the tiles and through the sand. The hygroscopicity of geotextiles will help filter sand, preventing it from entering the created drainage system. The material does not rot and is not afraid of rodents of any kind.

Laying sequence

The first layer of geosynthetic material is laid with a projection beyond the ground level. Installing it is easy. Evenly laid geotextiles are evenly covered with crushed stone (natural stone). Top layer natural stone covered with a top layer of geotextile. After leveling, the geomaterial is sprinkled with a layer of moistened sand. The master lays tiles on the surface of the sand, adjusts them and compacts them with a rubber hammer.

Upon completion of laying all the tiles of the track, the protruding edges of the applied material are cut off. All cracks are filled with dry sand and rubbed. The mashing procedure may be necessary again after sand subsidence in crevices. The result of laying geotextiles under paving slabs will be high-quality masonry, which will delight the eye for many years to come. Refusal of this technology will invariably lead to the formation of failures or subsidence of tiles.

Summer residents are resourceful people. Very often they use various materials, which would seem absolutely impossible to apply in everyday life. Such material as geotextiles did not pass their attention either. Geotextiles (agrofibre) - this is relative new material, made of synthetic fibers, which is intended for use in industrial purposes and on construction sites. Thanks to its qualities, geotextiles have been successfully used in gardening and in the country.

Properties of geotextile fabric

Geotextile material has the following characteristics:

Types of geotextiles

Despite the versatility of this material, it is divided into several types, depending on its purpose and method of manufacture.

Application of geomaterial at the dacha

1. Layout of a summer cottage

2. Artificial fountains and ponds

Geomaterial is also successfully used when creating an artificial pond, swimming pool, waterfall or fountain at the dacha. For this type of work, more durable geotextile options are used. It is laid on top insulating material and fixed with stones.

Geofiber should also be laid around the pool or pond. It will help prevent weeds from germinating and prevent tree roots from damaging the equipment or compromising the integrity of the structure itself.

3. Drainage and water supply

Geotextiles are also indispensable when laying the drainage system of a site or water supply system. The bottom of the trench is covered with agrofibre, crushed stone is laid on top of it, then pipes are installed and the resulting structure is wrapped around with geotextiles.

This way, the geotextile material will be able to pass water, and all other components will remain in place, which will prevent the drainage layer from becoming clogged or silted.

4. Gardening

The most common use of geotextiles is in gardening. It is successfully used in isolating the root system, growing seedlings, organizing beds and flower beds, planting grapes and much more.

How agrofibre is laid at the dacha

Paths and parking

A dacha with sidewalk paths is beautiful and comfortable cottage. Everyone who installs them wants them to last for years to come. But it often happens that the paths fail, sag, cracks appear on them and grass grows in the seams between the tiles. But if when laying sidewalk paths or parking areas using geotextiles, such problems can be avoided.

Agrofibre should be laid under paving slabs as follows:

Adhering to this technology, you can not be afraid for the quality of the coating. It will serve for many years without changes.

Garden

Agrofibre makes agricultural work easier. Now you won’t have to weed the garden bed. To do this, you need to adhere to the following algorithm.

The pores in the geofiber will allow moisture to pass through and provide the necessary air exchange. Loosening is also not required, since moisture will flow through the pores by capillary action and the soil will not be compacted.

Flower beds

For flower beds, you need to remove the top layer of the earth, fill the resulting groove with sand by 5 cm, cover the bottom and edges with a geofiber with a small exit to the surface, install a drainage layer of crushed stone if necessary, fill up the black earth layer.

Country ponds

As a conclusion: the use of geotextiles in the country will help to avoid many problems when performing construction, gardening or landscape work. The main thing is to choose the right material and lay it out efficiently.

There is a huge number of construction and finishing materials. But even against this background, geological textiles stand out. It is important to understand the properties of such a coating and the features of its application.

Description

Geotextile is such a coating (cloth), which has become widely known only in the last ten years. Previously, even the most experienced developers and homeowners did not know about such products. The benefit of such material is effective solution many everyday problems. Construction on sites and their arrangement are noticeably simplified.

Geotextiles are created from various threads, and this feature should be paid attention first of all.

Peculiarities

Geotextiles are made from a variety of materials, most often polyester or polypropylene. The technology involves the use of woven or non-woven methods. Strict adherence to technological standards allows us to achieve excellent performance characteristics and long-term use. In the retail chain, geotextiles according to GOST can be presented in products of various formats - from 200 to 550 cm. The length of the rolls varies from 10 to 150 m, the thickness and density are very diverse.

Regardless of the specific type, this material is different:

excellent elasticity;
uniform distribution of the load created by bulk substances;
resistance to oxidation;
blocking the germination of weeds.

The construction of geotextile flooring is also attractive because it allows water to pass through. The main characteristics of the material allow it to be used in construction, medicine, agriculture and clothing industries. The reinforced substance can withstand a much greater mechanical load than the simple version. A safety net is provided even under heavy paving slabs; they will definitely not fall down if a protective layer is laid. Geotextiles are also suitable for forming underground drainage systems.

Kinds

Woven geotextile or geofabric is made in exactly the same way as the simplest sewing fabric. The interweaving of threads can be simple or complex, but in any case it is organized according to a certain pattern. Even just looking at the patterns formed by the fibers, it is not difficult to detect its specific appearance.

Polyester or glass is used as raw material. In order for the fabric to be of high quality, it is impregnated with strengthening mixtures.

When the processing is completed, the textiles are passed through special calenders. There the threads partially melt, and the outer surface becomes stronger. Woven fabric allows you to separate layers of materials, providing:

path formation;
strengthening of structures;
uniform distribution of loads.

Non-woven geotextiles are made from polyester and polypropylene fibers; this fabric is produced using the needle-punched method. By appearance this product is very similar to simple felt. The work begins with the formation of loose layers, which include fibers of different lengths. The cotton mass is compacted with serrated needles that intertwine the fibers and connect them. The result is a material that effectively passes water through itself.

In addition, the needle-punched product is highly durable and lasts a long time. Additional reinforcement of the canvases is made by adding geological grids. To obtain thermally bonded geofabric, the granules are melted and extruded. Then the canvas is covered with microscopic fibers. Once this coating has been applied, the material is again treated with significant heat.

Melting of the threads leads to their sintering. The strength level of thermally bonded material is higher than that of other non-woven varieties. Can be used similar products to separate bulk layers, they are very elastic and can bear significant loads. Geotextile fabric can also be made by knitting. The production makes rolls from 200 to 520 cm, the material is wound from 30 to 130 linear meters. m.

Choice suitable option determined by the scale of the work performed. The less waste, the better choice. Black and white types of geotextiles are widely in demand today; they are made from propylene with fine pores. This material is used in large capital construction, landscape design, as well as the cultivation of berries and vegetables.

The advantages of the described solution are:

optimal product density;
ability to withstand loads up to 2 kPa;
equal strength in longitudinal and transverse planes;
suitability for filtration;
perfectly matched elongation for breaking.

This coating is quite difficult to install, and it continues to easily filter liquid even when exposed to significant vibration and high pressure soil. The elastic and durable material easily withstands the action of strong acids, caustic alkalis and many other substances of artificial and natural origin. The black color of geotextiles means that it can be used in the construction of houses, roads, and hydraulic systems. Bulk materials are evenly distributed and will not settle even to a small extent.

Heat-treated geotextiles by default fall into the category of needle-punched polypropylene-based materials. Its fibers can have a theoretically unlimited length. Increased load tolerance is achieved due to the homogeneity of the material structure. It is easily stretched by 50% and does not tear up to this limit. Water, acids, and alkalis do not pose a danger, and plant roots will not grow through such geotextiles.

Such characteristics determine the main area of application of heat-treated textiles:

soil reinforcement;
covering waterproofing membranes from destruction;
creation of a green roof;
formation of landscapes;
drainage of foundation walls at various buildings.

Construction geotextiles are not necessarily heat-treated or needle-punched, but these types are considered by experts to be the most comfortable and durable. The use of this material in construction helps to build not only houses; geotextiles make a great contribution to the construction of roads, laying sidewalks and alleys. Along with the construction option, furniture and packaging geotextiles are sometimes also distinguished.

To understand exactly what modification is needed, you should familiarize yourself with the basic characteristics of this material. And it’s worth starting with the strength of the geotextile fabric.

Indicators and properties

The characteristics of needle-punched thermally bonded geotextile with a density of 200 g/m2 are truly impressive. As a rule, this material is made from virgin polypropylene without additional additives. The purpose of use is the construction of layers and interlayers of all kinds, including during the construction highways. The peculiarity of the source raw material is also reflected in the color of this material. Additional heat treatment slightly improves tear resistance compared to the standard needlepunch solution.

The coating can not only guarantee a strength of 200 kN/m2, but will also easily hold up under the scorching sun, outdoors minimum 30 days. It is not capable of becoming a container for mold and does not weaken mechanically even in frosts of 60 degrees. By passing and filtering water, such geotextiles themselves do not become clogged with silt. During the entire period of use, the appearance of harmful emissions or destruction by ultraviolet rays is excluded. Other technical properties of the material are also at a high level.

Tensile strength (elongation) is 120% compared to the original length. This means that the substance will cope with the task even under very significant mechanical load. Zero hygroscopicity, that is, minimal water absorption, allows you to have no doubt about the reliability of the product used. The maximum unevenness in weight is only 7 – 10%. The perpendicular filter coefficient at a load of 2 kPa is 8 - 20 m/day.

The density of the material directly affects how it will be used. Thus, canvases with a density of 150 g per 1 m2 are in demand among summer residents and owners of personal plots. By adding 50 g, textiles can be used as the basis for foundations, walkways and artificial reservoirs.

Material with a density of 0.25 and 0.3 kg is equally good in road construction, only for different purposes - separating the soil and bedding of the road surface.

Dimensions

The width of geotextile fabrics is usually the same and equals 430 cm. But a number of relatively new developments reach a width of 5 and even 5.4 m. The length in almost every case is taken at 100 linear meters. m. As a result, the total mass of particularly dense textiles can be significant. At enterprises, the thickness of the sheets is measured both with a simple layout and under the action of a load of a normalized value, since both indicators are important.

The thickness of the geotextile can vary from 0.8 to 1.8 mm in the absence of load and from 2.4 to 3.8 mm when subjected to a force of 2 kPa. The order of tests and their smallest nuances are very strictly prescribed in state standards, so you should not be afraid of any problems and incorrect estimates.

It is important to consider that thickness and density are interrelated concepts, and for the most difficult conditions When used, thick geotextiles will be more effective than thin ones.

Calculation of the required amount

Having dealt with the linear dimensions of the canvases and their technical properties, you need to evaluate the need for geotextiles for a specific case. This avoids the purchase of both insufficient and excess quantities of goods. On unprepared foundations such as embankments, a geological canvas is laid between the slopes along carefully planned relief areas. The overlap of the canvases with each other should be 200 - 300 mm. When anchors are planned to be placed in a certain area, this indicator grows by another 50 mm.

Overlaps for water drainage are taken equal to 0.15 m. Additionally, the diameter of the pipes themselves, which are insulated with textile blocks, is taken into account. When mounting on a base, it is useful to reserve 20 - 30 cm, this will ensure that there are no problems during work. When preparing garden paths and playgrounds, they usually begin with a careful calculation of their own area. Then the result is divided by the area of a running meter of geological textiles.

What is it needed for?

Geotextile fabric is widely used in the construction of the foundation of various buildings and structures. Its tasks can be varied:

cover from moisture;
separation of bulk layers and prevention of their gradual siltation;
maintaining the uniformity of the load exerted by building structures on soil masses;
improving the quality of crushed stone layers and enhancing drainage;
assistance with reinforcing structures and technical solutions.

This application requires reinforced fabric that lasts a long time, does not collapse from water and does not rot from freezing. But the reinforcing layer only slightly increases the characteristics of the material itself, and its density is decisive. Therefore, in order to arrange drainage and remove moisture under the base of the house, you need to take a canvas with indicators of 0.15 - 0.2 kg per 1 sq. m. m. Fabric weighing 0.25 - 0.3 kg is recommended for external protection of foundations and delineation of layers of crushed stone and sand. To disperse the load on the soil and block the action of heaving soil, use textiles of at least 0.35 kg per 1 sq. m.

Increasing the bearing capacity of the soil and blocking its swelling under weakly buried structures is achieved by removing up to 100 cm of soil. This layer is replaced by non-metallic bulk minerals. Geotextiles made from polypropylene monotonous threads are used as reinforcement; this step also helps prevent mixing of earth masses and backfill. The same material is recommended for covering engineering communications from seasonal ground movements.

Drainage layers should be laid with geological fabric from above and below, then they will not overflow with silt.

Perforated drainage can also become clogged with silt deposits. To avoid this, non-woven polymer material with a specific gravity of 0.2 kg per m2 is wound. The same composition (or slightly less dense) is used to protect liquid and thermal insulation of foundations belt type. When digging trenches, textiles with a density of at least 0.3 kg per 1 m2 are placed on the sand cushion after compaction. This solution allows you to simultaneously block the foundation from getting wet and make the litter stronger.

If the foundation is built from precast concrete, textile products glued to the blocks using bituminous mastics or other water-resistant mixtures. It is very important to seal all seams separating adjacent panels. Foundations on piles require the use of canvas only in the case of organizing a plinth. When the piles are driven in, the space between them is cleared of soil. An overlapping layer is mounted on the geotextile strip:

gravel;
sand;
gravel;
simple cement.

When constructing a foundation, water-punching material based on continuous polypropylene threads is mainly used. An alternative to it is the use of needle-punched polyester fabric in the form of the same endless fibers. Staple and woven types of covering cannot be used for this purpose. The drainage characteristics and density of the material are of decisive importance in the final choice. The canvases supplied from Western European countries are generally of high quality, but transportation costs make them very expensive.

The choice of geotextile fabric for a pond has its own characteristics. The material that gardeners usually use to protect them from weeds turns out to be too thin in this case. It is necessary to take a coating with a greater thickness, which looks like felt, which has been thermally sintered. The advantages of this option are:

strength (difficulty of breaking);
no risk of rotting;
relative softness and duplication of the relief, actual adaptation to it.

The role of geological textiles in the formation of artificial ponds is not limited to covering waterproofing from destruction and strengthening pits. It is very important that this product blocks water blooms and also prevents sand and pebbles from collecting in certain places. A waterproofing film placed on the bottom prevents water from leaving the reservoir. But only covering it from below with geological textiles makes it possible to avoid penetration of the protection by plant roots and sharp edges of stones. The reinforcing function is no less significant.

Collapse of the walls of a pit dug in dry sand is almost inevitable. If sandy rocks get wet, they will erode. An additional negative factor is the installation of heavy waterproofing of the walls. The geotextile reliably suppresses all these influences and processes, making the home pond a stable body of water. It will even be possible to move along the substrate, performing various works and without fear of damage to the main part of the pit.

Prevention of water blooms and reducing the need for bottom cleaning is achieved through dark varieties of pond textiles.

In any case, it is placed in a prepared bowl. Since it is impossible to predict its exact volume in advance, there is no need to purchase the product in advance. Before the layout begins, all sharp objects are removed from the bottom, and those uneven terrain that is not necessary are sprinkled with sand and soil or removed. As in the preparation of foundations, work is carried out with the strips approaching each other equal to 150 - 200 mm.

Garden geotextiles are, first of all, the so-called dornite, or non-woven needle-punched material. It should not be confused with the Dornit brand. Absolute resistance to putrefactive processes and pathological fungi, aggressive agricultural chemicals and weeds, and the ability to adapt to a given shape make dornite very popular.

Using garden geotextiles, you can provide:

complete moisture drainage;
air circulation in the soil;
differentiation of layers of earth that differ in composition and are equally necessary;
retention of small soil fragments;
prevention of soil erosion;
preventing the negative impact of harmful insects, soil frosts or hail.

This material was highly appreciated not only by the owners of gardens and vegetable gardens, but also by landscape designers. After all, to protect compositions from weeds various plants needed to the same extent, or even greater, than the main plantings. The solution to the problem is simple: geotextiles placed on the soil are equipped with recesses for germination only useful plants. This can be considered a high-tech analogue of a procedure such as mulching. In addition, by varying the placement of textiles, you can redirect the roots in the desired direction.

Garden geotextiles are good for shelter fruit crops in winter or to protect them from sunburn on hot days. But in addition to agricultural and decorative use, its potential is also great for strengthening slopes. A simple earthen slope inevitably collapses under the influence of precipitation and wind.

In the absence of protective measures, collapses and landslides will begin very soon. Moreover, before this, the surface will lose its harmonious appearance.

A prerequisite for protecting slopes with a geological fabric is its combination with volumetric geogrids. The lining provides separation of substances and helps the filler remain in the cells. A lot of water passes through the textile barrier, so it can be considered a return filter. Laying is carried out in the form of layers at different heights, and thanks to it the slope becomes mechanically stronger. Very good results are achieved with an inclination of up to 60 degrees.

Geotextiles are used not only when working with soil and water bodies; another of its purposes is the arrangement of a used roof. A number of builders and architects have long paid attention to such material, since it successfully resists a large number of harmful factors.

For example, the TechnoNikol company responded to the emerging demand and was able to offer a durable and inexpensive needle-punched product. Its performance properties are enhanced by thermal bonding.

Geotextiles are especially popular when organizing green roofs, where they play the role of a filter layer.

Thanks to the non-woven fabric, weeds cannot penetrate the main structure, and the overall service life increases dramatically. On simple flat roofs geo-fabric serves as reliable protection for waterproofing membranes. It is advisable to cover them not only from above, but also from below. Needle punch rolls are useful as lining under soft tiles, placed on roof slopes. The side with which the geotextile is placed down is not particularly important.

To knit the fabrics, they are welded, stitched or attached to each other construction staples. For a welding joint, an overlap of 100 mm is required. The burner will need to be driven approximately 200 mm from the surface; The radius of capture of the heated area is more important than the heating force. The porous structure almost completely eliminates the risk of clogging. Even a prolonged increase in load does not negatively affect the material.

Review of manufacturing companies

Having found out the main characteristics of geotextiles and its scope of application, you need to understand the most preferred brands. Can be used in production quite different types raw materials and processing technology, which significantly affects the quality of the finished product. The Technonikol company supplies polyester materials with a density of 0.1 - 0.2 kg per 1 m2. They are obtained using needle-punched technology. The width of the rolls sold varies from 2 to 6 m.

You can purchase Tekspol brand materials in Russia for a variety of purposes. They have a density of 0.15 to 0.6 kg per m2. Brands “Kanvalan” and “Geotex” imply the use of 100% polypropylene and processing using the needle-punched method. The Austrian concern Polyleft and the Belarusian company Pinema can offer a product similar to the Russian one with the same characteristics.

Among products from foreign countries, geotextiles "Taipar" (Luxembourg) have a significant position in the market. It is obtained from polypropylene by passing through calenders. Original material It is distinguished by the rigidity of the silver fabric and the coincidence of mechanical characteristics, resistance to deformation along and across. According to the developers, resistance to a variety of potent substances of artificial and organic origin is guaranteed. Rotting is excluded, and the service life before decomposition in the soil layer exceeds 100 years.

Geotextiles made in Luxembourg withstand extreme climate conditions, including both cold and heat. It does not decompose under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. But the resistance of polypropylene to light is still not high enough.

Therefore, you should not leave the canvas uncovered in the air for more than 24 hours. Discharge harmful substances does not occur during operation.

The Russian product “Kanvalan-MF” (also non-woven) is made using the needle-punched method. Some products are additionally calendered; there are products with different levels of breaking load. The guaranteed service life is from 50 years, while different subtypes cope better with specific tasks:

strengthening and protection;
separation of materials of different fractions;
filtration of liquids and separation of substances;
drainage and delimitation of soil layers;
prevention of erosion on slopes.

How to apply it correctly?

Even the best and most durable geological textiles must be used in the correct way. Violation of the technology of use not only degrades the quality of the created layer, but can also cause serious problems. Any underlying surface must be clean; debris and plant roots are unacceptable. In most cases, textile fabric is laid with an overlap. Only with direct instructions from the manufacturer or by the decision of experienced engineers can it be carried out differently.

On a simple surface, the overlap of the rolls is 0.3 m, and on uneven areas this distance is increased to 0.5 m. Please note that the most economical welded joint works well even when applying only 0.1 m of material. It is recommended not to rely on your own knowledge and luck, but to invite experienced craftsmen who already had experience with geotextiles before. It is recommended to fill the canvas with tracked special equipment, and all work must be done delicately.

The slightest mistake will lead to a breakthrough in even the most durable varieties of geotextiles and the need to redo everything all over again.

The product name cannot be taken simply as a marketing ploy; it indirectly indicates the characteristics of the product. So, geofabric is great for reinforcement and hardening. At the same time, geotextiles are recommended as underlayment layers. For drainage, it is unacceptable to use any natural threads, even in the smallest quantities. They will quickly rot in the soil and only spoil everything.

Not suitable for drainage and thermally bonded geotextile. Such a product is very dense and is not at all intended for the passage of water. The average thickness for drainage structures is optimal: they will not tear, like very thin ones, but they will not fill with silt, like a large layer.

To apply weed control geotextiles, all harmful plants In the spring they are cut off, but their roots are left in the ground.

15 cm of sand or slightly less crushed stone is poured over the canvas. It is advisable to do such manipulations where planting is not planned in the coming months. It is best to combine technological weed control and natural soil rest. It will be saturated with organic matter that appears during the decomposition of the remaining shoots. The first planting can be done after a year.

Under paving slabs, textile fabrics should have a density of 0.15 kg per 1 m2. Only under this condition are they guaranteed to bear all the resulting loads. Non-woven material, as well as dornite are not suitable for such a task.

The use of geotextiles makes it possible to provide grown plants with complete protection not only from frost, but also from sunlight in the summer. Such modern material has proven itself in various areas of home gardening and gardening, therefore it has become very popular and in demand in summer cottage.

Geotextiles: characteristics and advantages of the material

Geotextile fabric belongs to the category of geosynthetics and can be represented by needle-punched, thermally bonded or hydrobonded materials created on the basis of polypropylene or polyester threads.

Geotextiles – optimal choice for modern design and has the following main characteristics:

surface density – 150-600 g/m²;
elongation along the length under a load of 25% of the breaking load varies within the range of 20-28%;
width elongation under load conditions of 25% of the breaking load varies within the range of 25-34%;
filtration coefficient – 20;
coefficient of resistance to low temperature conditions is 0.9.

The advantages are presented:

no deformation;
presence of reinforcing material functions;
high rates of water permeability;
ability to perform high-quality filtration;
isotropy and uniformity of properties regardless of direction;
the possibility of elongation up to 45–50% at break while fully maintaining functional characteristics;
increased strength and chemical resistance.

Among other things, a variety of fastening methods can be used if necessary.

How to deal with weeds: geotextiles (video)

Main types of geotextiles

Today, several types of such modern material are used in gardening and horticulture.

Depending on the specifics of the production technology, such material can be:

calendered or thermally bonded, produced by high-temperature bonding of continuous fibers. The fabric made in this way turns out to be very durable, which is due to the tightly united fibers. The disadvantage is filtration in the transverse direction and the rapid filling of pores with dirt or silty compounds;
needle-punched material made from polyester or propylene fibers. Such a canvas quickly passes water in any direction;
knitting and stitching fabric based on polyester and polypropylene fibers with continuous length. With the goal of maximizing strong connection stitching threads are used. A significant disadvantage is the complete loss of quality when one thread breaks.

Depending on the type and characteristics of the feedstock, geotextile fabric can be polypropylene, polyester, polyamyl or made of low-density polyethylene.

Application of textiles for garden

The use of geotextile fabric for gardening or landscape work is in great demand. Such modern material is used in the protection of a personal plot from weeds and in various design solutions.

Weed control geotextiles

Weeds can cause a lot of problems when cultivating various plants. Weed grass interferes with the full development of any household crops, including flowers, vegetables and fruit and berry plants.

To minimize the need to carry out weeding activities, it is necessary to use environmentally friendly and economical, modern geotextile fibers. Protection of plantings is most often carried out with black fabric. Such textiles are especially highly valued when creating landscape compositions, but in last years It is increasingly used in ordinary garden beds and in the garden planting area.

The use of geotextiles in landscape work

The scope of the geotextile fabric is quite extensive, and the ease of use, reliability and durability makes this material indispensable in landscape work:

when landscaping on low-fertile soils, it is possible to increase the quality and quantity of the fertile layer and protect it with textiles from subsequent leaching. In this case, the material is covered under the ground;
geotextile layer allows you to limit the growth of weeds and helps the root system of crops to get the necessary volume useful substances;
geotextiles have proven themselves well when laying paths and garden paths with slabs, stone or paving stones. Such material protects the sand cushion from washing out and reduces the likelihood of sedimentation of the coating;
it is allowed to use textiles when creating drainage of the foundation and as an obstacle to silting of drainage pipes;
the use of geotextiles is relevant in work with expanded clay, when pouring floors, in order to isolate the bases. Good result gives use as a filter material for reinforcement, to minimize settlement.

Geotextile fabric is widely used in the arrangement of coatings at the bottom of artificial ponds and reservoirs.

Types of covering materials (video)

To create a roof garden

Garden design on the roof - modern and very bright, unusual solution.Greening the roof is carried out in several stages:

the first layer is represented directly by supporting structures in the form concrete slab floors and cement-sand screed;
The second layer uses the most reliable waterproofing to prevent leaks. It is best to make such a layer from fused rolled bitumen-polymer materials with a bend to the height of the thickness of the insulation plus a few centimeters of reserve;
the third heat-insulating layer can be represented by high-quality cork slabs, extruded polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam, tightly laid together using special glue;
to create a fourth layer that prevents the penetration of the plant root system, it is recommended to use a root-protective membrane in the form of an elastic polymer cellular pad or film with a special metal coating;

Rolled geotextiles are used as the fifth, intermediate layer, the strips of which must be overlapped;
A drainage layer 5-10 cm thick is mounted on top of the textile fabric. This layer drains excess water well and also retains moisture during rare waterings. As a rule, such drainage is combined with a drainage system and consists of perlite coke, crushed pumice, polyamide or light expanded clay gravel;
another geotextile layer is installed on top of the drainage, serving as a filter for small particles that are washed out of the soil.

On final stage When landscaping the roof, a high-quality garden substrate is poured in the form of a soil-based mixture with the addition of components such as fine sand, perlite, peat, expanded clay, clay, wood chips, slate and crushed bark. The thickness of such soil may vary depending on the type of root system of the plants being planted.

How to use geotextile fabric when creating ponds

When creating artificial ponds and reservoirs, you need to use material with increased density, approximately 250-300 g per square meter, as well as a geomembrane. The waterproofing membrane needs to provide reliable protection from damage.

The unique properties of modern geotextiles help protect water from “blooming”. Such materials are very resistant to major loads, and the installation method is chosen taking into account the characteristics of the soil. Most often, installation is carried out under a geomembrane, but the material can be laid both above the membrane and on both sides at the same time. The last option is the most reliable and durable.

Application in construction

Geotextiles are often used in construction to strengthen the bearing capacity of the soil. Its use under the foundation of a building makes the soil more stable for loads. Geotextile fabric can help separate layers slab foundations during construction frame buildings and tall buildings made of cellular concrete. The material must be spread on the bottom of the dug pit and sprinkled with a crushed stone cushion. A waterproofing layer also needs to be laid on top of the crushed stone.

Geotextiles for flowers (video)

Geotextiles belong to the category of modern and universal materials, and its use does not require special skills or professional tools. The use of such materials can significantly simplify work on a personal plot and activities aimed at landscaping areas.