14.10.2015 16 460

Growing green onions - which variety is better to choose and how to grow?

Growing green onions is a traditional way to obtain fresh greens not only in the spring and summer in the garden beds, but also in the winter at home. Many people appreciate green onions for its spicy taste, as it is an excellent addition to kitchen dishes, and also contains a fairly large amount of microelements and phytoncides.

Onions for greens - varieties and species that produce thick and juicy feathers

To get good and tasty greens, you need to take care making the right choice planting material. Of course, you can also get onions for greens from leftovers. onions, which is available, but in this case the greens themselves will not be of excellent quality. Growing green onions is usually done from multi-bud varieties of onions, since all the germs individually produce from three to five leaves of good greenery.

Starting from October, it is already possible to plant early-ripening onion varieties, as well as mid-ripening ones: Strigunovsky, Myachkovsky, Spassky, Mstersky, Timiryazevsky, Shetana MS, Red Baron, Bamberger, Stardust, De Barletta, Baia Verde, Green Arrow, Kaigaro and others. And with the onset of November, you can plant varieties with a longer growing season: Lugansky, Pogarsky, Merkato, Boyarin, Soyuz, Bessonovsky. When growing green onions at home, preference is given to varieties such as Siberian Yellow, Off-season, Sprint.

If the goal is precisely to obtain good greens over a fairly long period of time, then you should pay attention to the varieties mentioned above. Do not forget that not all varieties of onions produce new feathers, so you will have to plant the onions in several stages one after another.

Growing green onions - highlights

To grow onions for greens, select only good and healthy bulbs with a diameter of at least three centimeters. It is necessary to plant onions late autumn, a week before the arrival of frost, or in early spring.

In order for the bulbs to start growing faster, the top part is usually cut off or you can make cross cuts with a knife. Next, the bulbs are allowed to dry for 24 hours, or they are kept in a weak solution of potassium salt of permanganate acid (in potassium permanganate), thus, the planting bulbs are warmed up and disinfected. As a result of such measures, green onions grow faster, and their yield increases by at least 40-50%.

in the photo - the ribbon method of planting green onions

Onions are grown using both the strip and pavement methods. The tape method consists of planting bulbs between rows, the distance in this case is 2-3 centimeters from each other and 15-20 centimeters in rows. With the bridge growing method, the bulbs are planted closely, that is, bulb to bulb. The bulbs should not be planted too deep into the ground, as the greens will sprout worse; sprinkle a little soil on top, but under no circumstances press or compact the soil, otherwise there is a risk of the bulbs rotting.

in the photo - green onions using the bridge method

Be sure to pay attention to the fact that when growing onions for greens, winter plantings in unheated greenhouses may freeze or freeze completely. And here, spring planting here you can start much earlier compared to planting onions in open ground.

Green onions at home

Many people prefer to grow green onions at home, since almost every housewife wants to have fresh greens grown with her own hands on the table. For the convenience of planting onions, you can use any containers and boxes that must have openings for water (holes).

Place not too fine expanded clay chips on the bottom of the prepared container, in a layer of one centimeter, and pour soil on top. The layer of soil must be at least five centimeters so that the roots of the bulbs have room to grow. The soil needs to be moistened and the bulbs planted, planting them about a third deep. Then you put the boxes with plantings in a warm place that will be well lit.

in the photo - home-grown green onions

If there is not enough lighting in the apartment, then additional lighting should be provided. It is advisable to place lamps for lighting at a height of 50-60 centimeters from the plantings. Temperature should be maintained within 24-26 °C. If these conditions are met, green onions at home will delight you with the first greens in about 16-20 days. Watering should be moderate, making sure that the soil is not wet and heavy, but just moist. If improperly watered, the bulbs may rot.

It is best to cut off overgrown green onion feathers with scissors. As the greens are collected, the bulbs begin to wrinkle or rot; in this case, it is necessary to remove the bad bulb and plant a new one in its place. Likewise, green onions at home will grow continuously for you.

Green onions organically complement the taste of many dishes, giving it fresh spring notes and at the same time saturating food with various vitamins. This product is in demand all year round, however, you can find it in abundance on the shelves only in the summer, when farmers and rural residents harvest from the open ground.

Considering growing onions as a business, you can see that this type of activity is not only profitable, but also accessible to beginners: agricultural technology is a set of simple and understandable operations, and the crop itself does not require complex care or the creation of special microclimatic conditions. Therefore, even novice entrepreneurs who follow the recommendations can plant several beds and get a good harvest with minimal labor costs.

Business Features

The technology for growing onions at home is known to every housewife: in the spring, on the windowsills of many houses and apartments you can see jars and glasses with onions filled with water. However, such primitive hydroponic installations can hardly be called productive: the resulting harvest is not enough even to satisfy personal needs. Therefore, in business we are talking about a slightly different scale: in the summer, onions are massively cultivated in the beds directly in open ground, and in winter they use heated and unheated greenhouse complexes for these purposes.

If there is a plot of land summer option seems to be the simplest, since to grow onions for sale you only need planting material, water and fertilizers. However, in the warm season, the farmer competes with numerous summer residents and rural residents who massively fill the markets with their goods. As a result, supply many times exceeds demand, the price decreases, and the timely sale of perishable products is in jeopardy.

The situation looks somewhat different in the off-season and winter: there are basically no green onions on the market, and the few suppliers cannot cope with the demands of stores and supermarkets. As a result, the price of fresh feathers increases four to five times, which fully compensates for the huge costs of maintaining greenhouse complexes. Moreover, growing onions in a greenhouse in winter under controlled conditions leads to an increase in crop productivity by 30–50% and allows harvesting every 35–45 days.

Considering the above, we can highlight the main advantages and disadvantages of the business idea of ​​\u200b\u200bgrowing onions. The first include the following factors:

• Even in winter, the profitability of the enterprise exceeds 150%;
• There are special varieties that can be cultivated all year round;
• Greens are constantly in high demand among buyers;
• You can start a business on personal plot in a small greenhouse;
• The technology for growing green onions indoors is accessible and understandable for beginners;
• A huge sales market allows you to quickly find buyers without significant marketing expenses.

Listing the main disadvantages of the business, it should be noted that:

• The cost of an industrial greenhouse complex exceeds the capabilities of many beginning entrepreneurs;
• Market price fluctuations may be unpredictable;
• The products are characterized by a short shelf life;
• At the beginning of summer, the level of competition exceeds reasonable limits.

Varieties for cultivation

Construction and maintenance winter greenhouses are expensive for the entrepreneur. Therefore, considering growing green onions as a business, it is necessary Special attention pay attention to the issue of selecting productive varieties that can grow and produce a good harvest in artificial conditions. For example, in autumn and winter it makes no sense to plant in closed ground onions, since this species is characterized by a long dormant period: at this time there are still no shoot rudiments in the bulbs - accordingly, even with the use of special technologies they will not germinate.

Fortunately, there are other types of onions that have a dormant period of no more than a few weeks - spring onions, multi-tiered onions, chives, slime or shallots:

1. Onion. The leaves are identical in appearance and taste to the feathers of the ordinary onion variety, but this variety does not form a real bulb, so farmers often grow onions for greens from seeds. At a temperature of 15°C and a humidity of 80–85%, the yield of the batun reaches 3.5–4 kg/m²;
2. Leek. Wide feathers, reminiscent of garlic, grow on a thick white stem, which is also edible. To form it, shoots obtained from seeds are planted in grooves 8–10 cm deep, gradually adding soil as they grow. The average crop yield is 2 kg/m²;
3. Shallot. It also resembles an onion, but differs from it in the strong branching and structure of the bulb, more like a garlic bulb: up to 10 lobes are formed in each nest, simultaneously releasing shoots. Feathers up to 30 cm long can be collected within a month; the yield is 3–4 kg/m²;
4. Chives. Not only long narrow leaves are eaten, but also false bulbs up to 1 cm in diameter. Productivity reaches 3 kg/m², but this variety requires a special lighting regime - otherwise the shoots grow thin and pale green. Chives are propagated by dividing the rhizomes;
5. Slime bow. A special feature of this species is its wide feathers with a garlicky odor, filled with slimy juice. Perennial slime does not have a dormant period and grows continuously, with maximum yield achieved in the third year - up to 4.5 kg/m². For propagation, growing onions from seeds and dividing the rhizomes into shoots is practiced with equal success;
6. Multi-tiered onion. Also called Egyptian. It is characterized by the formation of small air bulbs at the ends of the shoots, from which young feathers subsequently grow. In 25–40 days, the leaves grow up to 45 cm, and the yield reaches 4 kg/m². Egyptian onions are grown from both underground and aerial bulbs;
7. Bulb onions. The most common species, expelling feathers up to 30 cm long in a month. To grow green onions at home, southern varieties with a short dormant period are used. The crop yield when using intensive technologies reaches 13–15 kg/m².

Growing methods

To grow onions, it is necessary to ensure the supply of nutrients and moisture to its roots. Methods suitable for this can be classified according to the method of planting and the type of soil:

1. In the soil. Light soils rich in organic matter are used as soil - for example, garden soil or a mixture of peat and sand. Agricultural technology is the same for all varieties; differences are observed only in the method of propagation. In open ground, seeds are planted in early spring to obtain a summer harvest, or at the end of summer to overwinter the plant under the snow. In the greenhouse, seeds are sown at any time, and last year's planting material is sown at the end of the dormant period, the duration of which is determined by the type of onion;
2. On sawdust. The main advantages of sawdust are its loose structure and the ability to retain water well. However this material does not contain nutrients in a form accessible to plants, so the beds must be regularly watered with a solution of NPK complex fertilizers, adding wood ash and saltpeter as necessary. On the other hand, sawdust does not stick to the feathers at all and does not contaminate the bulbs, which somewhat simplifies the harvesting process. In addition, this material does not need to be changed after each cycle - just add a fresh layer of 2–3 cm on top and water it generously;
3. On hydroponics. Hydroponic technology for growing onions involves the use of special mats saturated with a nutrient solution. Coconut fiber is used as a base for them, which has an optimal structure for the root system and good hygroscopicity. To ensure rapid development of roots, plants are kept in the dark for the first 10 days, and after germination is complete, they switch to normal daylight hours;
4. On aeroponics. Aeroponic installations do not use any type of substrate at all, which eliminates contact with dirt and prevents the development of many types of diseases. The essence of the method is as follows: the plants are placed in special containers so that the entire root system is exposed to air. Onions are fed by continuously irrigating the roots with a fertilizer solution in the form of an aerosol, which helps to maximize the saturation of the shoots with oxygen and achieve the highest yield.

Cultivation technologies

To grow green onions at home, two main technologies are used - obtaining seedlings from seeds and forcing feathers from last year's small bulbs, also called sets:

1. Use of seeds. Seeds purchased or obtained independently are heated, soaked in water, treated with a solution of potassium permanganate, and then sown in continuous lines with an interval between rows of 7–10 cm. When planning to grow onions from seeds in one season, it is necessary to take into account that the growing season in this case takes two three months, and the feather turns thin and short, since all the plant’s forces are concentrated on the formation of the bulb.
2. Using sevka. The growing season does not exceed one month: even in open ground, four harvests can be obtained per season. To grow green onions, buy varietal types of sets or selections - medium-sized bulbs with a diameter of up to 5 cm, which are planted in two ways:

• Sostov - the bed is completely covered with bulbs touching each other, and the planting density is 15–22 kg/m²;
• Ribbon - the bulbs are planted in two lines with an interval of 3–4 cm and a line spacing of 10–20 cm.

Obviously, the bridge method allows you to get the maximum yield per square meter - up to 16 kilograms of green onions. The sequence of operations when planting material using this method is as follows:

• The top of each bulb is cut off up to the shoulders, and then the planting material is kept in hot water for several hours;
• The bulbs are planted closely, without gaps, in beds or trays, burying them approximately halfway into the ground;
• At the end of planting, the plantation is watered abundantly.

It should be remembered that with such a planting density, the costs of purchasing planting material also increase proportionally, so choosing one or another method requires preliminary calculations.

Preparation

A large onion contains a sufficient amount of nutrients necessary for forcing beautiful green feathers. However, when planting sowing the plant’s own resources to obtain good harvest is not enough, therefore, among other preparatory activities, you need to allocate time to prepare a soil mixture enriched with organic matter.

Onions prefer light and breathable sandy loam or loam, but forming crusts. The pH value should be neutral, since high acidity negatively affects plant growth. Ideal option It appears to be ordinary garden soil mixed with peat and sand. Basic inorganic fertilizers should also be added to this mixture:

• Nitrogen - 10 g/m²;
• Phosphoric anhydride - 7–7.5 g/m²;
• Potassium oxide - 18–20 g/m².

Planting material is purchased in the fall: required amount sowing or sampling can be purchased from farmers or wholesale stores. Bulbs suitable for forcing are characterized by the presence of at least two or three shoot primordia: to ensure the quality of the batch, you need to take a few at random from each bag and cut them crosswise.

In addition, the bulbs are often treated with a composition that suppresses the formation of buds and prevents their germination during storage. Of course, such planting material is unsuitable for further use. That is why it is recommended to buy a sample immediately after harvesting: in this case, the likelihood of no processing chemicals much higher.

Growing and care

The productivity of a crop is determined not only by the composition of the soil: the high yield of onions is equally determined proper care and ensuring microclimatic conditions that are comfortable for the plant. According to the requirements of the technology for growing onions in a greenhouse, during the forcing process it is necessary to pay attention to the following issues:

Temperature

The crop grows better in relatively cool air, so when planting seeds, the temperature until the first shoots appear is set at 23–24°C, and then gradually reduced to 18°C. At night, the temperature in the greenhouse should be maintained at 13–15°C with a humidity of 75–85%.

Lighting

Considering the reduction in daylight hours during the cold season, onions must be additionally illuminated so that the total duration of the light period is 13–15 hours per day. The recommended light level is 3000 lux: with insufficient light, the feathers grow pale yellow and tasteless. Lamps are placed strictly on top of the beds to avoid creases and lodging of young shoots.

Watering

Onions need to be watered regularly, only warm water, periodically dissolving in it medications and fertilizers. An approximate watering scheme looks like this:

• The first time the soil is moistened immediately after planting, using a weak solution of potassium permanganate. The recommended rate is 7–10 l/m². If the farmer is confident in the cleanliness and sterility of the soil, the absence of pests, fungal spores and mold, then from adding it to the water disinfectants you can refuse;
• A week later, during the second watering, Fitosporin, intended to combat various diseases, is dissolved in water. The approximate rate of liquid consumption is 3–5 l/m²;
• Subsequently, the onions are watered every 4–5 days at a rate of 5–6 l/m².

Top dressing

When using fertile soils saturated with organic matter, onions should not be fed. On sawdust and depleted soils, 14 days after planting, it is necessary to perform a single fertilizing with a 0.15% solution of nitrophoska or a 0.2% solution of ammonium nitrate. You can also water the beds with a 0.2% solution of superphosphate and potassium sulfate.

Pest protection

Feathers that have grown to 15 cm must be treated with an aqueous solution liquid soap And copper sulfate(one spoon per bucket of water) according to the norm of 0.5 l/m². Plants that show traces of fungi, plaque or leaf drying should be destroyed to avoid infection of the entire plantation.

Harvesting

If the above requirements are met, onion feathers reach a marketable length of 30 cm in about three weeks. When starting to harvest, the leaves are slightly compressed into a bunch at a distance of 10–13 cm from the bulb, and then cut off at a height of 4–5 cm. Small shoots and arrows fall out.

The collected onions are placed in plastic bags and kept for two hours at a temperature of 12–15°C. Then the bags are sealed and laid out in boxes, placing the plants with their roots in one direction. It is not recommended to fill the container to the top to avoid damage to the greens during storage and transportation. While awaiting sale, onions are stored in refrigeration chamber at a temperature of 0°C for 20 days.

Of no small importance for successful implementation is appearance products. Therefore, you need to cut off the feathers carefully so as not to damage them, not to stain them in the ground and not to erase the waxy coating from the leaves that retains moisture inside. A high-quality product that attracts the attention of buyers and resellers is 25–30 cm long and has a rich dark green color.

Sales organization

Beginning entrepreneurs are usually confident that buyers will sweep away fresh onions off the shelves at any time of the year. However, in reality, the sales situation is not so optimistic: firstly, the high price of the product in the off-season scares off customers with low incomes, and secondly, few people buy more than two or three bunches at a time. Thus, it is almost impossible to quickly sell a ton of green feathers without significant effort, and therefore in a business plan for growing onions, the following methods of selling goods should be separately considered:

• Wholesale sales. In almost every region there are companies that purchase agricultural products in bulk. In addition, you can use the Internet: both buyers and sellers post their ads on virtual trading platforms. This method is considered the simplest and least expensive;
• Sale to catering establishments. In this case, the entrepreneur will have to make some efforts and convince the owners of cafes, canteens and restaurants who are already working with some suppliers of the prospects of cooperation;
• Working with grocery stores. For buyers of this kind, price, volumes, delivery times, availability of returns and deferred payment are important. In addition, products are accepted for sale in packaged form, and therefore the farmer will have to include the cost of purchasing packaging material in the business plan;
• Independent sale. This method is associated with maximum expenses: To sell green onions in kiosks and markets, it is necessary to hire sellers and equip retail outlets with refrigeration equipment.

It should also be taken into account that in order to grow onions all year round, a business will have to be registered: having the status of an individual entrepreneur or peasant farm simplifies the procedure for issuing certificates of conformity for products and allows you to provide customers with various accompanying documents having legal force.

Greenhouse equipment

As a business, growing onions requires careful preparation of the production base. First of all, you need to carry out preliminary calculations in order to determine the necessary quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the equipment. Thus, the creation of a greenhouse complex with an area of ​​175 m² includes the purchase and installation of equipment according to the following specifications:

1. Greenhouse frame. The basis is a serial model with a width of 7.5 m and a length of 23.4 m, made of profile metal pipe and installed on a strip concrete foundation;
2. Coating. In cold climates, the covering material is cellular polycarbonate 8–10 mm thick. The polymer is characterized by high light transmittance and low heat transfer coefficient, which allows minimizing energy consumption to create optimal conditions growing green onions;
3. Shelving. To ensure rapid heating of the soil in the beds and facilitate access to plants, a multi-tiered shelving system should be installed in the greenhouse. Onions are planted in wooden or plastic trays placed on shelves;
4. Lighting. The level of illumination necessary for growing green onions in winter under short daylight conditions is created by fixing sodium, halogen or LED lamp, and the latter option allows you to create the required luminous flux with minimal power consumption;
5. Irrigation. To automate the irrigation process in greenhouse complexes, they use drip systems, allowing not only to control the amount of moisture entering the beds, but also to feed the plants by dissolving fertilizers in water. If there are none, the beds can be watered with a regular watering can;
6. Ventilation. When growing onions for greens in environment carbon dioxide is released, which is removed using ceiling exhaust fans capacity 1600 m³/h each. Fresh air is supplied through air intakes protected by filters from insect pests. Each air intake is additionally equipped with a water heat exchanger designed to heat the incoming air flow;
7. Heating. The basis of the heating system is a hot water boiler connected using polypropylene pipes to radiators located along the walls. Calculations show that heat loss from the surface of the greenhouse at an outside air temperature of –30°C is at least 48–50 kW. Thus, taking into account the stock required power boiler is assumed to be 70 kW.

Greenhouse equipment

Position	price, rub.	Quantity, pcs.	Cost, rub.
Greenhouse
Arched greenhouse 23.4 m long	290000	1	290000
Concrete greenhouse foundation	80000	1	80000
Shelving
Two-tier rack 1.2x0.6 m	2500	96	240000
Growing tray 40x60x7 cm	230	576	132480
Heating
Water heating boiler 80 kW	90000	1	90000
Propylene pipe 25 mm	75	200 m	15000
Radiator	6100	16	97600
Lighting
Phytolamp LED 25 W	1350	192	259200
Electrical cable	50	300 m	15000
Automatic switch	200	6	1200
Ventilation
Exhaust fan	3500	2	7000
Air filter	600	4	2400
Air intake	1100	2	2200
Water heat exchanger	4000	2	8000
Watering
Irrigation tank 2 m³	25000	1	25000
Water pump	3500	1	3500
Drip irrigation system	1400	12	16800
Optional equipment
cooling chamber	45000	1	45000
garden tools	–	–	6000
Thermohygrometer	1200	2	2400
Plastic containers	25	100	2500
Total:			1341280

Investments

Growing onions in a greenhouse is a business that requires serious investment on an industrial scale. An entrepreneur who already has a plot of land of the required size must first purchase equipment and register his activities with the relevant authorities: the total costs for these items are 1,342,080 rubles.

The next group of expenses is associated with the purchase of raw materials necessary for growing green onions - planting material, soil, fertilizers. It should be noted that with a production cycle of 45 days, plants can be planted and harvested eight times per year (twice per season):

• Planting material. With the bridge planting method, up to 150 bulbs with a diameter of 4 cm and weighing 40 g each are placed in a 40x60 cm tray. Thus, in terms of 576 trays, the weight of the planting material is 3460 kg. The cost of sowing at wholesale stores is 18 rubles per kilogram;
• Priming. To fill the specified number of trays in each cycle, you need to prepare or buy 9.7 m³ of substrate at a price of 800 rubles per cubic meter;
• Firewood. Dry chopped firewood is purchased once a year: to heat the greenhouse during the cold period, it is enough to prepare 90–100 m³ of logs. The cost of birch firewood is 1300 rubles/m³, pine firewood is 900 rubles/m³;
• Lighting. With a total lamp power of 4.8 kW, electricity consumption is 28.8 kW per day in winter, and 14.4 kW per day in autumn and spring, which is due to changes in the length of daylight hours. In summer, when growing onions in a greenhouse, artificial lighting is not required.

Current expenses

Article	Winter	Spring	Summer	Autumn	Amount, rub.
Sevok, 6920 kg	124416	124416	124416	124416	497664
Soil for greenhouse, 19.4 m³	15480	15480	15480	15480	61920
Fertilizers, 10 kg	8000	8000	8000	8000	32000
Firewood, 100 m³	130000	–	–	–	130000
Lighting	3370	1685	–	1685	6740
Certification	3000	3000	3000	3000	12000
Connection	1000	1000	1000	1000	4000
Fare	2000	2000	2000	2000	8000
Total:					752324

Revenues and profitability

Experienced gardeners claim that the total mass of green leaves when first cut reaches 50–70% of the initial weight of the bulb. The tray for growing onions per feather holds 6 kg of planting material: the expected weight of the harvest is 3.6 kg (7.2 kg per season). Taking into account price fluctuations depending on the time of year, we can calculate the profitability of this type of agricultural activity:

Income from the sale of onions

Obviously, as a business, growing onions is characterized by high level profitability: the farmer’s total profit exceeds 2.07 million rubles per year. Other economic indicators of the enterprise are as follows:

Video on the topic

Economic indicators

Conclusion

Farmers without proper preparation should not start with a large-scale enterprise and invest millions in the construction of an industrial greenhouse complex. For those who do not have experience in agricultural activities, it is better to test their strength in a small greenhouse or plant bulbs in open ground. In two or three seasons, it is quite possible to master the intricacies of greenery cultivation technology, develop a client base, and collect necessary information and determine what growing onions as a business is: video materials on this topic can be found in large quantities on the Internet.

This article suggests detailed instructions on starting your own business growing familiar onions. Description of the pros and cons of such a business, its registration, initial investments, final profits, sales methods and useful tips on growing onions.

In recent articles, we paid special attention to such agribusinesses as, and. We recommend that you read each of them, so that you can find the most suitable option for you. It can also be a great addition to growing onions, which you can read about in detail below.

Pros and cons of onion growing business

First of all, it is worth listing the main advantages and disadvantages of the business being described.

The advantages include:

• High business profitability at minimal costs.
• Possibility to harvest all year round.
• Ease of growing onions, storing and transporting them.
• Constant demand for onions among end consumers.
• Wide market.

If you own your own land plot, then the starting capital will be approximately 150,000 rubles. But it is worth considering the volumes in which you plan to grow onions.

Of the minuses it is worth noting:

• Constant jumps in the cost of onions. The price can either rise or fall. Therefore, it is quite difficult to predict real prices on the wholesale market.
• High. This is especially true in small towns, where most people grow their own greens, and some even sell them in vegetable markets at reduced prices.

Despite these disadvantages, you can earn 20,000 rubles from growing onions. per month. Accordingly, the starting investment is 150,000 rubles. can pay for themselves in just 1 year.

How to register a business

There are no particular difficulties in the registration process. Anyone can engage in such activities. The main thing is that the business is legal. Otherwise, you can get into trouble from government inspection authorities (tax inspectorate, SES, Pension Fund etc.).

So, to legalize your business, you need to:

• Register as an individual entrepreneur using the appropriate code.
• Register with the tax office and choose a simplified taxation system (6% of profit).
• Provide the products to the SES authorities for their certification and admission to sale.
• If workers are hired, you will also need to register as an employer and provide the necessary package of documents to the social insurance fund and pension fund.

There is no need to visit any more authorities. The main thing is to complete all the steps listed above.

What will you have to spend on?

This is one of the main questions of interest to the future entrepreneur. And it should be noted right away that you will spend the least on land if you already own it. Renting will be quite expensive.

How to determine how much land is needed? It's simple. For example, for 1 sq. m. you will need 200 gr. sevka And if you plan to plant 100 kg of sets, then you need to have land plot area of ​​5 acres or 500 sq. m.

In addition to land, to grow onions you will need:

• Sevok (200 gr. per 1 sq. m.)
• Potash, phosphorus fertilizers (all at the rate of 10 grams per 1 sq. m.)
• Nitrogen fertilizers (8 g per 1 sq. m.)
• Potassium chloride (17 g per 1 sq. m.)
• Superphosphate (30 g per 1 sq. m.)

From the list above it is clearly seen that the main expenses will go to fertilizers. But they will be small. If we take the above 5 acres, then the cost of fertilizers will be approximately 10,000 rubles.

You may also need:

• A polycarbonate greenhouse or room with a heating system and lighting.
• Film materials.
• Means for soil disinfection and plant spraying.

For all this you will need to pay several thousand rubles. And don’t forget that you need to add the costs of registering a business.

How much will you have to spend?

So, how much will you need to invest in starting a business? Let's take 5 acres of land into account.

Sevok - 10,000 rub. for 100 kg.

Fertilizers - 10,000 rub. for 5 acres.

In total we get only 20,000 rubles. Not too much of a cost. Is not it? But this is provided that you have your own plot of land. If you purchase it, you will need at least another $30,000. If the situation is good, you can find land at a lower price. But it must be fertile, since in the future, perhaps, other crops will be grown on it.

If you plan to grow onions in greenhouses, then more money will be spent on the construction of greenhouses and their equipment - from $10,000.

As a result, more than $40 will be spent on fertilizers, seeds, land and its improvement at the start. 000. Only owners of a land plot with all the necessary communications can win here.

How much can you earn?

Investments have been calculated. Now we need to find out how much you can earn from growing onions.

One set produces approximately 7 kg of onions per 1 sq. m. It takes 4 months from sowing to harvest. Accordingly, after this time, from 5 acres you will receive 3.5 tons. The cost of 1 kg is 15-20 rubles. (red onion 30 rub.). It turns out that from the first harvest the income will be at least 52,000 rubles. (red onion - from RUB 100,000).

However, it doesn’t end with these numbers. After all, onions are a waste-free plant. You can sell both the bulbs themselves and the “feathers”.

From 5 acres you can get 250 kg. greenery Price for 1 kg. - from 100 rub. From one harvest the income is from 25,000 rubles.

That is, for one harvest you can easily earn more than 130,000 rubles. (more than 1,500,000 rubles per year).

And more about profitability...

All calculations above were made on the approximate area of ​​the plot and the volume of onions grown. Therefore, you need to understand that only an entrepreneur can calculate the profitability of a business. After all, there are a number of factors that need to be taken into account:

• Cost of seedlings.
• Cost of fertilizers.
• Availability of land or lack thereof.
• The need to connect water and electricity.
• Weather conditions in the region.
• Growing conditions (greenhouse, open ground).
• Other financial investments.

We can only say that the profitability of growing onions in a greenhouse is 30% (this is due to the cost of heating and electricity for lighting), and by the field method it is more than 50%.

And, of course, no one is immune from a decrease in the quality of sets, grown products or a decrease in the wholesale and retail prices of onions.

Where and to whom to sell finished products

Distribution channels must be taken care of even before the harvest. After all, onions spoil quickly and must be sold promptly so that they do not linger in the cellars.

The harvest can be sold to wholesale buyers. These include shops, places Catering(cafes, canteens, restaurants), supermarkets, sanatoriums, etc. Cooperation with such retail outlets must be concluded with the conclusion of an agreement.

There are often cases when the population is ready to buy onions in bulk. This is another one a good option sales Moreover, advertising costs are minimal - just submit a free ad in the newspaper.

Onion growing methods

You can’t ignore the methods of growing onions. After all, a future entrepreneur must have at least basic knowledge. This is the only way to be sure of a positive result.

The crop can be grown in a greenhouse or at home.

Growing in a greenhouse

Using a greenhouse will allow you to quickly get higher yields. To do this, the main thing is to properly prepare the beds. The soil should be loose, fertile and fertilized. We must not forget about compost and superphosphate.

The sets are planted at a distance of 1.5 - 2.5 cm from each other. There should be a distance of 6-7 cm between the beds.

Before planting the seeds in the ground, they must first be soaked in water. And the onion itself is water-loving. Therefore, it must be watered frequently, while slightly loosening the soil.

Growing at home

The method of growing onions at home differs from the “greenhouse” method. The main difference is that before planting, the seeds are sorted by size and filled with warm water for 10-12 hours. This is done in order to clear the bulbs of yellow scales to speed up the appearance of leaves. That is, such actions lead to the fastest growth of green onions.

To speed up the growth of onions, you need to regularly water them with warm water (about 20°C) and grow them in a room with a temperature of 20-25°C.

In both cases, onions can be grown from seeds, sets, or large bulbs.

From all of the above, we can conclude that everyone can grow onions for the purpose of subsequent wholesale or retail trade. The only thing required is the presence of a plot of land with suitable soil and equipped greenhouses. If you own land, then you have the opportunity to earn more than 1,500,000 rubles per year with minimal investment.

Growing onions as a business today is a subject of interest to hundreds of entrepreneurs, because many are concerned about the question of whether running such a farm is profitable or not, and whether real reviews about a similar matter.

Onions are a product that has not lost popularity among consumers for decades. It is consumed in its pure form to prevent colds, and it also becomes an integral part of almost every modern salad and soup. Moreover, it is impossible to imagine a tasty, juicy kebab without onions, and a herring appetizer is always complemented with this particular plant.

Relevance

Today, hundreds of farms produce onions on a huge scale, with demand increasing every year. In just a few months you can get full business payback, profit and expand your own production, taking it to a new level.

The relevance is that cultivation can be carried out all year round. In summer, fields are used for this purpose, and greenhouses in winter help make the process continuous.

Of course it's profitable home business is not only about growing a high quality product. Despite the great consumer demand for this plant, you will have to invest in advertising regularly - the buyer must know that your product does not contain chemical additives, is grown in natural conditions and contains many vitamins.

Reviews from experienced entrepreneurs make it clear that profitability directly depends on the manufacturer’s approach, his desire to find his target audience, territory coverage and high-quality advertising. On average, profitability is thirty percent in winter and fifty percent in summer, while it is important to take into account possible seasonal changes, crop loss under the influence of external factors and other conditions.

Important Details

These include the following points:

• The production of green onions and onions occurs quite quickly - within a month after planting you can get the first harvest, which will bring you a profit.
• Harvest processing occurs quite quickly - in order to carry out work on ten square meters, it will take only an hour of working time.
• To work with the onion harvest, it is not necessary to hire qualified employees - the process is quite simple and does not require special skills.
• Using modern technologies, you can organize the cultivation of family onions on racks, which will significantly increase the volume of onion harvest.
• The business of growing green onions requires regular lighting of the plant for at least twelve hours a day, timely watering and compliance with the temperature regime.

All this suggests that the onion growing business is quite simple, and does not require special skills or serious expenses, while production volumes can be quite large.

Variety selection

Growing onions in a greenhouse is convenient using one of the following varieties:

1. Leeks, the yield of which will be twenty kilograms from nine square meters.
2. Batun, the production volumes of which in the same territory can reach thirty-five kilograms.
3. Shallot, which is resistant to weather conditions, can be obtained in a volume of forty-five kilograms from nine meters per square.
4. Egyptian onions, which can grow even during slight frosts, reach a yield of forty kilograms.

The largest feathers can be found in the leek variety, however, each of the varieties presented above is in great demand among consumers, so it is almost impossible to make a mistake with the choice.

Growing technology

There are several technologies, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages.

• Planting onions in open ground, requiring daily watering. The initial planting with this technology is carried out after the end of frost in spring period. During forcing, you can use not full-fledged bulbs, but seeds that will sprout. The advantage of this type is considered to be a certain simplicity in planting and making beds, as well as low costs for organizing the process. At the same time, to use the technology you will need a large plot of land, and the harvest will depend on the season and weather conditions.
• Growing onions in a greenhouse is also quite simple method, in which the benefits are maximum, the costs are quite low, but the process of building a greenhouse itself is expensive and lengthy.
• Growing plants without soil. Although there is only one drawback - high cost, it has a lot of advantages - the ability to use small plots of land, while the return on investment of the process will be maximum. Feather forcing is also reduced, lasting a little more than two weeks.

The technology you choose will determine how quickly you will make a profit and what costs you will need to implement your business plan. It is worth considering that for large-scale production they usually use field conditions, since the coverage of the territory is usually very large.

Demand

Purchasing onions is a regular process for citizens of Ukraine, Russia, Belarus and other countries. The product contains a large amount of vitamins; it is recommended to use it during an exacerbation of colds and viral diseases. It is believed that onions strengthen the human immune system.

This is precisely the reason that the sale of onions is one of the most profitable business activities in many countries of the world, and even in the presence of high competition and large quantity Onion manufacturers disappear from the shelves quite quickly.

Registration

Like any business, onion production on your own farm requires state registration. This process is quite simple and does not take much effort, time and money. You need to contact the local tax office and register as an individual entrepreneur or LLC, and only after that you can start selling.

Please note that the format of individual entrepreneurship somewhat limits the possibilities, while an LLC has much more, but its registration is much more complicated.

Calculations

If your plans include selling onions on a large scale, try to plan your budget in advance. Preference should be given high technology, since if they are followed, the product pays for itself very quickly, and within a few months all costs will be compensated.

The table below shows the approximate financial costs of growing onions hydroponically on an area of ​​fifty square meters using shelving that will increase the area to eighty square meters.

Type of expenses		Amount, dollars
1.	Purchasing lamps	150 dollars
2.	Purchase of wires in the amount of 100 meters	50
3.	Lighting installation	50
4.	Installation of two floors of shelving	200
5.	Bathtubs for shelving	500
6.	Working surface for planting material	150
7.	Hydroponic technologies without the use of process automation	400
8.	Additional items installations	300
Total:		1800 (approx. 107 thousand rubles)

When using such technology, the initial cost of purchasing everything necessary equipment and its installation will not exceed two thousand dollars. The cost and exchange rate of the currency may change, this is also worth paying close attention to.

The costs for one cycle of product reproduction will look like this:

All amounts are indicated for one month within one cycle. As a result, the amount of monthly expenses will be $220 at constant prices.

A novice entrepreneur does not necessarily need to invest large sums of money in a business of this scale. If your goal is not to cover an entire population center, or you are not yet ready to run a large business, there is the possibility of growing it at home. In this case, sales methods can be found in the nearest store or market, but to sell you will also need official registration of the organization.

Every entrepreneur has the right to choose a direction, and only an active, responsible approach will allow you to receive good profit from any office work.

Video: a super simple and reliable way to grow onions for greens - business idea.

It would seem why we growing onions at home, if on the shelves of almost any store you can buy a variety of greens even in winter? N In fact, there are a lot of advantages to this activity. Homemade greens are an additional source of vitamins and useful substances, it perfectly decorates dishes, is always fresh and at hand, and is almost free. And who doesn’t like a small green vegetable garden on their window in the middle of winter?

Onion varieties for growing on a windowsill

Regular onions are most often grown on the windowsill, but other types of onions can also be grown (shallots, leeks, batun, chives). The onion bulb is used for forcing greens for about two months, after which it is depleted. Spring onions, provided timely feeding and care, can grow in a pot for several years. Any variety is suitable for growing onions on a windowsill, but it is best to choose multi-bud varieties, which have several nests in one bulb. These are varieties such as Bessonovsky, Chernigovsky, Spassky, Rostovsky, Timiryazevsky, Soyuz.

Did you know? Green onions contain many vitamins (A, B1, B2, B5, C, E), minerals (potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, iron, copper, phosphorus), carotene, flavonoids, and phytoncides.

Selection and preparation of bulbs for planting

Before planting onions at home, it is important to select the right bulbs for planting in order to get a high yield. Bulbs for planting must be healthy, without signs of rotting and with shiny scales. It's good if they are the same size. The optimal diameter of the bulbs is 2-4 cm; it is advisable to plant bulbs that are too large if they have sprouted on their own.

Greens will appear faster from already sprouted bulbs. To speed up the forcing of greenery, the upper part of the bulb can be cut off or deep (one-third of the height) cross-shaped cuts can be made. Before planting, prepared bulbs are dipped in hot water(50-52 °C), solution of ash or potassium permanganate for 20 minutes. Next, the bulbs need to be lowered into cold water and remove the husks.

Important! Before planting onions in a pot or box, it is advisable to treat the container with a disinfectant solution (for example, potassium permanganate).

Selection of soil for growing onions

To grow onion greens on a windowsill, you first need to lay drainage made of expanded clay, sand or broken bricks, and then fill the container with a soil mixture of peat, humus and garden soil in a ratio of 7:2:1. It wouldn’t hurt to add a little phosphorus fertilizer (1-2%) or ash. Since all the substances necessary for greenery are found in the bulb, any soil mixture can be suitable for growing; only clay soil is undesirable. The heavy mixture must be diluted with ordinary sand.

Bulb planting scheme

When planting onions in a container, the bridge method is often used. The bulbs are planted close to each other. It is not necessary to cover them with soil; half the bulb should be above the ground. There is no need to worry that the onion will not have enough nutrients from the soil - everything you need is contained in the onion itself.
Since in small apartments the space is often very limited, and you want to grow onions on the windowsill for the whole family, a good option might be to plant onions in a large plastic bottle volume up to 5 l. From such containers you can build a multi-level indoor “vegetable garden” if you make holes in it. The landing pattern is as follows: Place soil at the bottom of the bottle, place the bulbs so that their tails are outside, and cover with soil. Alternate layers of soil and bulbs to the top of the bottle, then water. You can use sawdust instead of soil.

Important! For continuous growth of greenery, onions are planted in different boxes at intervals of 10-12 days.

Conditions for growing onions on a windowsill

The conditions for forcing onions into greens at home are very simple.

Location and lighting

After planting, the container with onions should be moved to a cool, shaded place for 10 days to form the root system. Later, for the development of lush greenery, you will need good lighting: The onion is placed on the windowsill, balcony or loggia. In case of lack of light, artificial lighting (lamps, LED panels) is used.

Temperature

The optimal temperature for growing indoor onions is 18-20 degrees. It should not overheat from the sun or domestic heating.

Care and cultivation of green feathers on the windowsill

Forcing green onions into a feather does not require special care. The bulbs are watered every other day with warm water. To make the greens more juicy, the feathers can be sprayed a little.

Cutting greenery

It is better not to touch the first greens, so as not to stop the growth of other shoots. Onions are cut three weeks after planting. Depending on the variety, after 16-18 days the feather can reach 30 cm. You need to cut off the outer feathers, as they grow from the middle. When growing a large number of onions, it is best to pull out the greens along with the already depleted onion, and plant a new one in its place.

Growing green onions in water

Almost everyone knows how to germinate onions in water, because in many kitchens you can see onions in glasses or jars filled with water. The hydroponics method is very simple, but still has its own nuances.

To grow green onions on a windowsill in water, you will need a container (plastic glass or bottle, glass jar, dairy container, cup), water and onion. Fill the container with water and place the onion in it so that only the roots are immersed in the water. For this purpose, you can use a cardboard circle or a lid with a hole. Otherwise, the bulbs will rot and unpleasant odor can't be avoided.

Did you know?On sale you can find electric hydroponic installations for growing onions.

If you plan to grow a lot of bulbs, you can build a structure from a plastic egg tray. The top flat part of the tray will serve as a water tray. In the lower part you need to make holes in each cell and place it on top of the pallet, placing two sticks. Next, place the prepared onions in the recesses and pour water into the tray. The first few days the water needs to be changed at least once a day, later it is enough to do this several times a week. Growing bulbs must be periodically inspected and unsuitable ones removed. You can feed onions after the first feathers appear. To do this, per liter of settled water room temperature need to add 5 g wood ash or two teaspoons of mineral fertilizer. The first harvest of green onions can be harvested in 10-15 days.