Onions are a vegetable that almost every summer resident grows. In cooking, you simply cannot do without these sweet or spicy fruits, because in some recipes the main ingredient is onions. Before planting the seeds on summer cottage and collect good harvest, you need to know what kind of soil onions like, what temperature is suitable for planting sets in open ground and how to plant onion crops correctly in order to rejoice at the end of the season high yield. Let's look at each stage separately, starting, perhaps, with the soil and its autumn preparation.
Preparing the soil for spring planting
Before you start digging, you need to choose a place to plant small bulbs. As many gardeners know, bulbs love warmth and light; in the shade the plant will quickly wither and the fruits will be small, so when choosing a site, give preference to beds in the middle of the garden, next to which there are no trees or buildings. Have you found such a place? Great, now you need to check whether the soil in the garden bed is suitable for growing onions. To do this, it is better to use litmus paper. It will determine the soil type in no time. It will be very good if your soil is sandy loam or sandy. It is here that the onion develops a powerful root system and is able to ripen faster before harvesting.
In the fall, the onion bed should be fertilized with rotted manure or ash. These components contain a lot of nutrients, so it is advisable to apply humus per 1 square meter of 6 kg of fertilizer. Dig the entire bed to a depth of 20 cm, not forgetting to remove weeds and other debris that will come across during digging. After fertilizing upper layer Level the soil with a rake and leave it alone until spring.
Attention! Preparing the bed important point, the fruit yield depends on this operation.
In the spring, as soon as the snow melts and you can go out into the garden, it is recommended to re-dig up the area for the onions so that useful material evenly distributed over the top layer of soil. Now all that remains is to prepare the onions for planting, wait for the optimal soil temperature to warm up, plant the crops in open ground and care for the plant to obtain a juicy, large harvest.
Preparation of planting material
Do not rush to plant onions in the spring, because in order for the germination of the sets to be almost 100%, you need to sort out and treat the onions with special solutions that will protect the crop from diseases and pests. So, sort out the low-quality ones first planting material, removing all damaged, dry and diseased specimens. Distribute a good set by diameter into different piles. This will allow you to produce evenly grown turnips.
After sorting, keep each group for about three days at a temperature of 35 degrees; if this is not possible, then simply bake the onion for about 4 hours at 40 degrees in the oven. Processing onions before planting will thus activate metabolic processes and improve germination. After drying, transfer the seedlings to diluted fertilizer for 1/3 of the day, then dip the seedlings in a weak solution of manganese for 5-10 minutes, rinse the bulbs under running water and you can safely plant the onion on an unprotected surface.
How to properly plant onions on turnips
You have already completed the basic procedures, prepared the seedlings and dug up the bed. Now is the time to plant the onion in open ground. In order for the planting process to be successful and soon juicy green feathers appear on the beds, you need to choose a time when the soil warms up to 12 degrees and is able to accept “tenants”. Usually, spring planting falls in the third ten days of April or the first ten days of May. For farming, it is better to choose cloudy, dry weather and you need to start with land plot. You already know how to prepare a bed for sowing; all that remains is to make holes or furrows and plant the planting material. In the first and second options, it is important to follow these rules:
- the distance from set to set must be at least 15 cm;
- the row spacing should not exceed 30 cm;
- The seedling planting depth is 7-10 cm.
After planting, be sure to water the beds with settled water. room temperature. If you plant the sets too closely, then after a while you will thin out the rows, otherwise during the growing season the plant will not have enough nutrients, the growth of the bulbs will noticeably deteriorate and it is likely that the root system of the turnips will become entangled with each other.
Planting onions in July
If you want to harvest onions twice over the summer, we recommend planting the second set in July. However, this option is only suitable for southern cities, where summer time ends in mid or late September. In order for the onion to grow, you need to use only early ripening varieties, which will just finish ripening by the end of August. How to plant onions in July? The same as in May. The soaked seedlings are sown in prepared holes and after the leaves appear, normal plant care begins.
Sowing seeds
It is known that onions - perennial, so you can get a turnip only in the second or third year. However, some gardeners buy seed sets and grow onions in one season. Other summer residents grow onions by planting seeds in the ground; this process delays the harvest, but you can grow high-quality sets that will bear large onion heads next year. It is also recommended to treat the seeds before planting, but we will now find out how to do this correctly.
First, soak the seeds in warm water for a day. Soaking onions in a convenient container before planting will help you sort out the empty seeds. It is they who will end up on the surface of the bowl, and the good ones will settle to the bottom of the dish. After 24 hours, drain the water from the container along with the floating seeds; we will definitely not need them, because there will be no benefit from them. Place the rest of the planting material on gauze or cotton cloth and put it in the shade until crumbly. Then treat the seeds with a manganese solution and dry again. Onion seeds are ready for planting.
Attention! If there is no manganese and you don’t know what to soak the onions in before planting, use copper sulfate, having previously dissolved the crystals in water.
To sow seeds, make grooves in the garden bed, 2-4 cm deep. Leave row spacing from 10 to 30 cm. Then water the depressions generously hot water to perform antibacterial soil treatment and sow the seeds at a distance of 1-3 cm from each other. Water the bed again with water at room temperature and cover it with film. After the first leaves appear, the need for shelter will disappear.
Caring for onions in open ground
Mostly experienced gardeners know how to properly care for this plant, but we want to remind you once again what care involves. First of all, onions need moisture, so water them once a week with plenty of settled water. If the summer turns out to be dry, then increase watering to two times in 7 days. In general, make sure that the soil is always slightly moist and then problems with growing onions will not begin. After each “water” procedure, loosen the top layer of soil so as not to interfere with air permeability. Do not forget to remove weeds and treat onions with copper sulfate to prevent infection with fungal and viral diseases. During the entire growing season, feed the plant three times with organic or mineral fertilizers.
Attention! In July, watering is gradually reduced so that the onions have time to ripen before harvesting.
Chinese way of growing bulbs
Planting onions the Chinese way became popular only because of the high yield of fruits, whose size can break all records. First of all, prepare the beds, or rather the ridges. Raise each ridge by 15-20 cm, leave a distance of at least 30 cm between the rows. Now prepare the material for planting, to do this, spread the set on a baking sheet in one layer and heat it in the oven for 12 hours at a temperature of 40 degrees. Then remove the husks from the set, cut off the dry neck and soak the material in warm water for a day. What to soak onions in before planting better germination? In water with slurry. This solution will saturate the seedlings with nitrogen, and the plant will grow better. Then you can plant the onions in the ground.
To know when to plant onions using the Chinese method, you need to distribute the onions into fractions before processing the seedlings. The first group, which has not reached a diameter of 10 mm, is best planted before winter. The second is 15 mm, ideal for planting in spring, namely in early April. The third - 20 mm, it is advisable to plant in early May, the remaining sets are suitable only for forcing onions to grow.
The sets have been prepared, let's now see how to plant onions in the Chinese way, and how to properly care for the seedlings so that there are large bulbs. Stick the onions 2-3 cm into the moistened grooves, sprinkle with soil and lightly compact the top layer with your hands. Water the bed generously. Loosen the soil, restoring air circulation. It is advisable to carry out the procedure early in the morning, while the sun is not as hot as during the day.
During cultivation, turnips will need simple care, which consists of weekly watering, removing weeds, loosening the soil, and applying fertilizers. It is also worth noting that three weeks before harvesting (usually this happens in July), gradually stop watering, free the turnip from the ground by half, and a week before harvesting, leave only the root system in the ground.
I have been growing onions using my own method for several years now. Neighbors come to marvel at my turnip onions and I am happy to share my experience with them. There are no special secrets here: labor-intensive physical labor and unimaginable care. It will just be necessary for the entire period of maturation onions Spud it several times. You can see this in my photos. On the Internet you can read the most unusual growing methods; I am especially surprised by fertilizers and fertilizing. I will definitely say that onions do not like fresh manure and constant moisture. I’m not going to criticize those who haven’t even held a shovel in their hands, I’ll just tell you how I grow onions. I plant onions in early May, when the ground dries out and warms up.
I dig up the bed for sowing onions, break up all the clods of earth, for this I walk over it with a rake and scatter some ash. I bought onion sets, sorted them out, cut off the top ends with scissors and immersed the entire onion in a pre-prepared bright pink manganese solution. I have it there for about half an hour. I pour the used solution into a watering can and, diluting it with water, water the currant bushes (this is only good for currants.)
I draw out a bed of onions with a stick special for this purpose on the line for planting the sets, a gap of 15 cm. Then in each line with the same stick I make indentations every 15 cm to a depth of 2-3 cm. I lower the sets into these holes with the cut end up. Then I fall asleep and lightly clap my hand. In dry weather I make sure to water it. After 3-5 days, the onion emerges evenly green pen I make sure to water it every evening. I carefully hill up the grown onions, and at the same time remove the weeds. I carry out the hilling two more times, as the greenery grows. Important condition, if you want to get a large turnip, then you don’t need to tear off the central feathers, otherwise some fans will tear off everything for the salad and wait for new ones to appear, and besides, the onion will grow gigantic.
In July, onion feathers noticeably grow, becoming long and juicy. I am carrying out the third hilling of the onion. And it seems that there are no more worries with him. When watering, I check how it feels. No yellowing, lodging, or bolting. For prevention, I water the onions with a pink solution of manganese once every two weeks. In the very bottom photo you can see how juicy the onion feathers are and the moment when I raked the soil from the neck of the onion. Now the turnip will be big, very big!
At the end of July I prepare the onions for final ripening; now the task is not to grow the feather, but to allow the development of the turnip itself. To do this, I scrape off the soil from each neck of the bulb, but not too much. The bulb itself will do the rest as soon as it feels free. You will immediately notice this transformation; in just a few days the onion will become larger. But the feathers in the garden bed will begin to lie down, this is a sign that the onions are ready for harvest. Green feathers can be collected and used for food; they are not bitter at all, and are quite suitable for many dishes. I prepare okroshka, salads, and most I freeze it along with dill in the form of briquettes for the winter. I’ll tell you about this and show you in the next topic. I stop watering so that the onions don’t rot. I usually harvest onions before August 8-10. I do this early in the morning, in sunny, dry weather. I don’t dig up the onion, I just pull it out by the feather and leave it to dry in the garden. During the day I stir it so that it is better ventilated. In the evening, I trim the feathers and take the onions under the shed, where I scatter them for further drying. Onions store well, lasting until the next harvest. Absolutely without any chemicals and environmentally friendly.
Onions are one of the first plants that humans began to grow. It is about four thousand years old from the moment of cultivation and the beginning of cultivation.
It is impossible to imagine any kitchen in the world without this vegetable, because most dishes without its use seem bland and tasteless. There are quite a few varieties of onions, and each has its fans.
Each gardener has his own secrets for good ripening of onions in the garden, but the most important thing is to stick to the right technology agricultural technology, to obtain big harvest, whether planted in a ridge or from seed.
Not the most fastidious plant is considered cold-resistant, grows well with temperature conditions twelve to sixteen degrees Celsius, seeds germinate even at five degrees in the cold season. Spicy varieties tolerate frost better; sweet varieties can die in a few degrees of frost. open ground.
Onion responds well to watering in the first stages of growth, in the future it needs dry soil in order to ripen better. It needs more sunlight. Despite its small mass, onions require special attention to the soil composition. The soil in the garden bed should be quite loose and nutritious.
You should not plant onions in places where groundwater are close to the surface of the earth.
Weeding of the beds must be carried out regularly, since the crop does not tolerate proximity to weeds.
The correct solution would be to organize onion beds and plant the vegetable in the places where they grew before cucumbers, cabbage, tomatoes or potatoes. These are the vegetables for which organic matter is added to the soil.
Increased acidity of the soil is harmful to the plant, as it absorbs nutritional components worse and can be affected by downy mildew.
Before planting onions does not tolerate liming of soil composition, it is recommended to use wood ash.
How to grow large and good bulbs in open ground
One of five options is most often used - sets, seeds, seedlings, vegetative method, Chinese.
The Chinese way - how to plant using technology in ridges
This option might help increase productivity. The main feature is planting onions on ridges, and not in the beds themselves. The heads grown in this way are distinguished by their flattened shapes and large sizes. The tops of the vegetable are perfectly illuminated sunlight, warm up, from this the onion gets good protection from the effects of rot.
It should be added that it is better to loosen and water such beds, and remove weeds from them.
You can sow at air temperatures equal to 5 degrees. The planting material must be sorted out; smaller bulbs can be planted as the soil warms up. Larger ones should be held back until May. This measure will give you the opportunity to harvest at the same time.
After sorting, the seedlings are warmed up a couple of weeks before planting. To do this, it is placed in a box and placed near the battery.
Be sure to be careful with each bulb the tail is trimmed, excess scales are removed. If you damage the growth neck, you can put the material aside. It is no longer suitable for landing.
One day before planting, the material is soaked in warm water to give impetus to the formation of the root system.
The soil for planting must be prepared in the fall. For each square of the plot, add a spoonful of superphosphate, a teaspoon of nitroammophoska, two - dolomite flour. In the spring, the bed needs to be dug up again; you can add a little manure, but not too fresh.
Ridges are arranged, the height of which should be about fifteen centimeters, the interval between them is up to thirty. The sets are planted every ten centimeters to a three-centimeter depth. The seeds should not be trampled; it would be better to lightly sprinkle them with earth.
In the first month of growth, if the weather is dry, the onions should be watered twice. But this is only if it rained between waterings.
You can feed three times. In mid-May, mullein is added. In June it is the turn of potassium salt, urea and phosphate fertilizers. It is necessary to fertilize the third time at the moment when the bulbs begin to form.
Peculiarity Chinese method also lies in the fact that Weeding the beds is necessary as the weeds grow, which happens quite rarely.
Copper sulfate is used as a protective measure against powdery mildew.
Method of planting and sowing seeds in the soil
In mid-spring, the seed material is calibrated, more large specimens. After dry sowing, the first shoots will appear in three weeks. To speed up the process, you can soak the seeds in potassium permanganate, and after a day, scatter them on fabric and leave them alone so that they hatch. But at the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the planting material remains sufficiently moist.
Furrows are made at a distance twenty centimeters. One gram of seeds is enough for two meters of sowing, planting depth is up to three centimeters. For convenience, you can mix the seeds with sand and sprinkle the furrows with dry soil after planting.
When to plant in the garden
Landing time depends on weather conditions. If the weather is warm in the spring, then sowing can be done in the last days of April. Otherwise, you will have to wait until the earth warms up.
Pre-grown seedlings are transferred to the ground no earlier than mid-May.
Sevok lands in the first decade of May. Residents of the northwestern regions can be guided by the flowering of bird cherry when planting onions.
For winter sowing, the beds are prepared in the fall. Landing is underway in the second half of November, until frost.
Secrets of proper agricultural technology
Do not allow crust to form on the surface of the soil or weeds to appear. For this purpose, the beds need to be loosened more often to a depth of up to five centimeters. It is better to remove weeds in the initial growth phase, when the seedlings are still reddish.
After the turnip begins to form, it needs to be opened a third It must be remembered that onions love to show off. When a turnip begins to form, it must be open a third, releasing the hangers. This technique helps the bulb to form well and fully ripen.
Harvesting turnips and feathers and storing them
As soon as new feathers have stopped appearing and the onion has acquired a characteristic shade, it can be removed. As a rule, this occurs on mid-August – early September. If you skip harvesting time, the vegetable will begin to grow again and will be of little use for storage.
The collected bulbs are washed, cleaned of husks and dry feathers, roots are trimmed. To dry, lay it out in one layer in a well-ventilated room. After a few weeks, new golden scales appear on the bulbs. This means that the vegetable is ready for long-term storage.
As a rule, gardeners prefer to grow onion sets, purchasing them in special stores. It can be planted in winter by first preparing the bed.
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When we plant any vegetables or something else edible on our plot, then our the main task get a decent harvest. And such a harvest is often characterized by large fruits, vegetables, tubers and other similar things. Of course, everything is good only in moderation, and large fruits do not always give us what we wanted. For example, quite often large potatoes are empty inside, and this, of course, is very bad. But today we will talk about onions. When we plant it, we always expect that it will eventually grow large. After all, few people like to collect onions, which in the end turned out to be slightly larger than the sets. This is not why we sowed it.
Large onion. The main secrets of its cultivation
The first moment, which ultimately determines the final result, is planting the onion. By the way, you can plant it as sets not only in the spring, but also before winter (it’s written about this here). When to do this is up to you. The main thing to remember is that any planting involves first preparing the soil appropriately. As for onions, you should not plant them in clay soil. He doesn't like it. If you have nothing to choose from, and the soil on your site is exactly like this, then its composition will need to be adjusted. To do this, sand or peat is simply poured on top of the bed, and these components are mixed well with the main composition of the soil. In addition, the soil should also be slightly alkaline. If you have it acidic (acidity can be determined in this way), then in the fall, you will definitely need to add dolomite flour to it. It will help to significantly deoxidize the soil.
Now, as for the sevka. It also needs to be prepared for planting. It’s best to “bathe” it a little in potassium permanganate (we make a solution and put it there for 10 or 20 minutes). This way you can disinfect all planting material, which will further protect your onions from certain diseases. In addition, you can speed up the germination of onions. To do this, the top of the set will need to be slightly trimmed. When you plant it, in a row, you will need to sprinkle a little ordinary salt. It will help repel the onion fly from your beds. In addition to salt, carrots can also repel this pest from onions. Therefore, always plant both of these vegetables side by side. Onions are also useful for carrots, because they also have their own fly, the carrot fly, which already harms carrots. The bow just doesn’t let you get closer carrot fly to her favorite treat. So the benefit here is mutually beneficial.
How and what to feed?
It's no secret that proper feeding significantly affects the size of the fruits of any crop. For onions, fertilizing is also very important. It is done not once, but three times. For the first time, it is necessary to feed the onion when only 2 leaves appear on it. Slurry is well suited for this, which you will need to prepare. This is done simply - a liter of manure is usually simply diluted in a bucket of water. In addition to slurry, chicken droppings also work well. Its concentration will be lower - 1 glass of such droppings per whole bucket of water. To both options for this feeding you will need to add a few more components. This is superphosphate (30-40 grams), which must first be dissolved in warm water, and more ash (pour a glass).
Don’t forget to feed the onions the second time after 2 weeks. This is done again with the same superphosphate (30 grams), but with urea (10 grams) and potassium (5 grams). This calculation is also given for a bucket of water.
The end of June will come and you will need to remember about feeding again. This should be done with exactly the same composition as fertilizing number 2. But, if you are a little late and will be fertilizing somewhere in early July, then use nitrogen instead of urea. But you need to be careful with nitrogen fertilizers. If you “overdo it” with them, you will get a good feather, but the bulbs themselves will suffer significantly. Potassium sulfate is best option of all potassium fertilizers, because onions need sulfur. Potassium largely determines the overall safety of the bulbs. It is also present in ash.
Fresh manure, which many people add in the spring, cannot be used to feed onions. The same applies completely to potassium chloride (you can add it, but you only need to do this in the fall). But phosphorus should not be neglected, because it largely determines the size of the bulbs.
How to dry and store onions correctly?
When you get a good, large onion, that's not all. If it cannot be preserved, then why did you grow it at all? And in order for it to be stored for a long time, it must, first of all, be removed from the garden on time. When the first August rains come, there should no longer be any onions in your beds. So, at the end of July you will need to remove it all. If you forget about it, it can get seriously wet, and such a bow is unlikely to be preserved for a long time.
Removing onions on time is also not a guarantee of long-term storage. The main thing is to dry it thoroughly after that. This can best be done in the attic, if it is warm enough there and the wind is still blowing. When the onion dries well, all the dirt is removed from it and the dried tops are cut off. But they don’t cut it off at the root, but always leave 8-10 centimeters.
When you put the onion away for storage, do not forget to sort it out sometimes. After all, it’s enough for one onion to deteriorate and then everything will start to deteriorate. Your task is to prevent this from happening.
In this video they will show you another way to get large onions. How to do it? Look.
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