The principle of operation of automotive gas equipment. The principle of operation of HBO. Basic elements of automation

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

As you know, the main heating element in most modern heating systems is the boiler. It is thanks to him that the fuel is converted into thermal energy, which is transferred to the coolant and enters heating devices such as radiators. It is important to understand the device of a gas heating boiler, to study the principle of its operation.

The principle of operation of a gas heating boiler, as its name implies, is based on the use of gas as the main source of fuel. At the same time, the ideal arrangement of gas heating boilers should be such that the operation of the equipment takes place with minimal cost and human intervention was minimal.

How a gas heating boiler works and what elements it consists of will be discussed further.

Varieties and device of a gas boiler

Before talking directly about all the components of a gas boiler, you need to consider what options exist for these heating devices. Of course, they all have a similar structure, but, nevertheless, some models are equipped with individual, characteristic features only for them.

The classification of boilers operating with gas is as follows:

samples of floor and wall type. If we talk about convenience, then wall-mounted equipment, which is more typical for private buildings, will be more acceptable. The main advantage of the outdoor unit is its much greater power, as a result of which it can be used to heat a room with a very significant area. Such models are very often used in production;
atmospheric and turbocharged gas boilers. To understand how it works gas heating with an atmospheric boiler, we can recall the principle of operation of a standard stove, where air from the room enters a specially designed chimney due to natural draft. Turbocharged vehicles are equipped with a fan, which is included in the design, and the fuel combustion chamber is completely closed, so everything required amount air comes from the street (more: "");
mechanisms with one and two circuits. The device of a gas boiler with one circuit is designed so that this equipment is used exclusively for heating rooms, while appliances with two circuits are also capable of playing important role in the water supply system, providing a room hot water;
boilers equipped with a conventional burner or a modulating burner (details: ""). In the second case, the power of the operating equipment is automatically regulated, which can significantly reduce fuel costs;
devices with electronic or piezoceramic ignition. The first option is more convenient, since it is possible to ignite the fuel in the combustion chamber without the direct participation of the owners, and in the second case, it is imperative to turn on the device every time you start by pressing a certain button. See also: "".

The design and principle of operation of a gas heating boiler

As mentioned above, in the image of the device, most heating boilers are similar to each other. But in order to understand how to use a gas boiler correctly, it is required, of course, to know what structural parts this equipment consists of.

The basis of a standard gas boiler is the following elements:

rectangular gas burner. This design includes nozzles, which serve as a place for conducting gas into the combustion chamber. Thanks to these elements, the flame is distributed evenly, which makes the combustion of the coolant inside the system the most efficient;
heat exchanger. This device is a metal box equipped with a built-in battery. Inside this box are pipes through which the coolant circulates. The heating of water occurs due to the fact that the heat exchanger, heating up from the gas burning inside the chamber, transfers heat to it. If in a single-circuit type boiler there can be only one heat exchanger, then in double-circuit devices there can be two (primary and secondary);
circulation pump. With the help of this device, the pressure arising in the system with circulation, operating on the forced principle, is regulated. Not all boilers are equipped with such a detail;
expansion tank . The main purpose of this element is the temporary removal of the coolant, which is necessary in case of heating and expansion of water. Such a tank is equipped with a special container that can be suitable for any gas boiler. If you plan to use heating equipment in large areas, then you can mount another expansion tank;
device responsible for the removal of products of combustion of fuel. In atmospheric-type boilers, this element is connected to a separate chimney with natural circulation, and in turbocharged mechanisms, there is already a double coaxial-type exhaust pipe, in which combustion products are discharged by means of a built-in fan;
automatic system, which serves as the boiler control center. Its main element is an electronic circuit that allows you to set the desired mode of operation of the boiler based on the data displayed on the installed sensors.

In order for the life of the gas boiler to be as long as possible, it is important that each of its elements function reliably and properly (read also: ""). This can be achieved only by studying the features of the work and structure of each of the main functional parts of the boiler.

Gas burner device

Based on the type of a particular boiler, the design of the burner can be atmospheric or inflatable type. The first version of the burner works with less noise, however, and their efficiency is lower compared to inflatable equipment.

These samples, in turn, have significant power and are divided into the following varieties:

from one step;
with two steps;
modulated inflatable burners.

How a heat exchanger works

The main indicator that affects the quality of this functional element of a gas boiler is the material from which it is made.

Cast iron heat exchangers are considered the most durable. In addition, this material retains heat well and can be mounted on both single-circuit and dual-circuit systems (read also: ""). Among the negative aspects of cast iron is its large mass and at the same time low resistance to mechanical damage.

Today, heat exchangers made of steel are popular. This material is not subject to frequent breakdowns, it endures high temperatures and pressure drops. Modern models, where high quality steel is used, can compete with cast iron units in terms of service life. Sometimes, in order to increase this figure, a layer of copper is applied on the inside of the steel heat exchanger, and on top - resistant to high temperature dye.

Operation of the circulation pump

What will be the performance indicators circulation pump, depends, first of all, on the power at which the boiler operates, and this device does not have a great influence on the operation of the entire system. It is very important that the pipes through which the coolant circulates are made of quality material, for example, from steel or good plastic.

The principle of operation of the expansion tank

This device has a significantly more serious impact on the operation of a gas boiler. This device is designed so that in the event of an excess of coolant in the system, which usually occurs due to overheating of the coolant, excess water is stored and subsequently used again. Approximate calculations show that the total volume of such a tank should be about 10% of all water in heating system, therefore, for the installation of such equipment, it is important to have data regarding the length of the pipes and the capacity of the heat supply system.

To understand in more detail the features of installing a gas boiler, you can always study additional photos of all its structural parts and watch a video on their installation, which can always be found from specialists involved in connecting such equipment.

Video about the device of a gas heating boiler:

The increase in the price tag at gas stations for gasoline and diesel fuel is forcing motorists to think about ways to save on travel. One solution to this problem is the use of various alternatives to liquid fuels. You have to study the 4th generation HBO device in order to transfer your iron horse to gas consumption.

Manufacturers in our country and abroad offer consumers the fifth generation of HBO, however, motorists prefer the time-tested system of the previous version. This is due not only to the high cost of more new system, but also with its maintainability, running in different situations.

The main task of using gas-balloon equipment is to supply a mixture of gaseous fuel and air to the working cylinders of the internal combustion engine.

A modern 4th generation gas installation can be installed on various types of vehicles:

a car;
trucks;
minibuses;
public transport;
commercial vehicles, etc.

There are two main types of systems on the market:

Compressed (CNG). Compressed natural gas (methane CH 4) is used.
On liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The kits are used individually or mixtures of propane and butane (C 3 H 8 and C 4 H 6, respectively).

It is generally accepted that methane will be more dangerous. Even a small amount of this chemical it can cause rapid poisoning, blindness, suffocation, etc. in a person. The gas molecule is smaller than that of the GOS, therefore it requires thicker-walled and highly sealed gas pipelines, containers, etc.

Basic principles of work

Since the 4th generation HBO operates in a combined fuel + gas mode and in a mono-fuel cycle (exclusively gasoline or exclusively gas), motorists can independently choose their preferred driving option at a particular moment. This feature makes the system very popular among car owners of cars.

There is also a mode of automatic switching between fuel types. The designers have developed a rather small control panel. It contains LED lights, where you can find out about the amount of fuel in tanks by indicators.

Often, the panel is mounted on the left side near the steering column. This zone is ergonomic for comfortable manipulations.

Using indicators

Engineers provided on the 4th generation panel a row of 4 green indicators, ending with one red light. This element was carried over to the 5th generation.

Navigating the signals is easy. It is only necessary to take into account important factors:

one burning green light corresponds to approximately 10 liters of gas;
a ten-liter portion of gas fuel is enough for an average of 200 km;
a red lamp on fire indicates a limited power reserve of 40-70 km;
when the red LED is on, you should go to the gas station as soon as possible.

There is a separate red LED, which either goes out or functions in a blinking mode. In the first case, the car runs on gas. When blinking, the internal combustion engine burns only gasoline and automatic switching to gas is expected.

The red LED lights up at start when the car consumes gasoline. After going to work temperature regime after some time there is a transition to liquefied fuel.

It should be borne in mind that when 4th generation gas equipment has the ability to operate in combined modes, this indicates an increased reliability of the system and additional reliability of the engine. An important factor is the extended mileage of vehicles, provided by filling several types of fuel.

Gas transport is relevant for small settlements where there is a risk of refueling with low-quality fuel or gas stations are located far enough away. Car owners themselves admit that cars with gas appliances steal a little. It is enough for the driver to remove the switch and the car will not start either on gasoline or on gas.

When a car has a motor with a fairly expensive injection system that includes a catalyst, the introduction of HBO will have a positive effect on consumption and objectively extend the operating period of the catalyst.

It's important to know that gas installations It is important to mount the 4th generation on cars that meet environmental standards of at least Euro-3 in terms of harmful emissions, since there is a pulse type of injection for a mixture of fuel and air, which is performed by the commands of the controller of a separate control unit.

The ECU reads and generates processor data by sending control pulses. The latter help open gas injection nozzles and block similar nozzles for gasoline. The system relies on a certain type of data, which include:

the current temperature that the reducer has;
actual gas pressure;
incoming gas temperature.

During operation, the gas pressure level can drop significantly. In such a situation, gas-cylinder equipment will automatically close and block the operation of gas nozzles, and in parallel open and give operation to gasoline counterparts.

Schematic work of HBO and its device

Mandatory attributes of a gas balloon kit are the following components:

multivalve;
storage tank for liquefied gas;
preparation and injection module fuel mixture into the cylinders.

The multivalve is mounted on the neck part of the cylinder. It is used to ensure the filling of the tank and to control fuel consumption during the gas-consuming cycle. The multivalve consists of the following elements:

flow valve (outlet);
filling valve (inlet);
emergency valve (used to quickly relieve pressure);
analog indicator of capacity fullness;
filling outlet for fuel.

The need for an emergency valve lies in the fact that it helps to block the outlet channel if the gas flow increases sharply. Such a factor manifests itself, for example, when the outlet pipelines to the engine are damaged.

The gas preparation and distribution module has the following design:

Fuel rail with working jets.
Cleaning filters.
Reducer.

For propane structures, single-stage gearboxes are used, and for methane systems, two-stage analogues are relevant. Thanks to this unit, the fuel is transferred from the liquid phase to the gaseous one. Optional feature two-stage models serves to reduce the outlet pressure.

It is preferable to start engines with mixed fuel systems on gasoline in order to reduce the effect of detonation. Gas can also be used for this, but this should only be done in emergency situations.

Frequent starting on gas can render gearboxes unusable. The diaphragm built into them receives high overloads when the motor is started due to high pressure. After starting on petrol, it rises working temperature, and automation switches work to gas. Reduced pressure forces the automation to switch to liquid fuel, while the driver is given an audible signal.

The work of the fourth generation of HBO does not allow pops in the input channel that appear in systems that are poorly synchronized with mechanical feed. This reduces the risks of working on internal combustion engines with plastic manifolds.

After installation work you will need to ensure a good ignition setting. This is due to the fact that gas has a significantly higher octane number when compared to gasoline. The gas block needs earlier ignition, which is reflected in a larger advance angle.

It should be borne in mind that the use of special spark plugs can significantly improve the operation of HBO. However, it will also work on classic NW ICEs. At the same time, tuning is carried out through the introduction of electronic variators.

The 4th generation system allows for upgrades and tuning. To do this, use the chip tuning of the motor. Thanks to optimization, it is possible to balance the temperature operating mode, in which there will be an automatic switching of fuel supplies.

Positive characteristics

The advantages of the 4th generation HBO compared to earlier modifications include factors:

maximum power is formed due to a clear dosage of fuel and optimal proportions of mixture formation;
jerks of the internal combustion engine are eliminated, the work proceeds smoothly without unnecessary friction and the pops characteristic of the previous generation are excluded;
combustion of fuel occurs to a greater extent, which leads to an increase in environmental friendliness, compliance with Euro 3/4 standards, while minimum loss power by 1+2%;
the designers took care of the introduction of unique connectors that cannot be confused during installation, which simplifies and speeds up assembly;
thanks to hardware diagnostics and software pairing, the 4th generation is perfectly installed on modern cars.

In any city, it is easy to find craftsmen who will help with setting up and solving technical issues with this equipment. The price tag for it is available to most users.

During operation, the performance of the internal combustion engine may deteriorate for the following reasons:

the gearbox is broken
the settings of the dispenser or gearbox have gone astray;
the filter was used for a long time and became clogged, which led to a decrease in fuel supply;
in winter, the temperature of the gas mixture is lowered.

It is worth considering that in cold weather the engine can consume a rich mixture. This happens due to the low temperature.

The gas station is a compressor station. It is used to fuel cars vehicles different sizes– minibuses, buses, minibuses and equipment used in agriculture. suitable for engines that have been specially reconfigured for gas operation.

How gas filling works

It is connected to a gas pipeline, and the gas pressure is set to 200 atmospheres. Thus, the gas will fill the cylinders in the car. Often used mini gas stations, since it is fashionable to connect them to so many gas networks at home, they are small in size and light in weight. The small compressor can be powered by 220 volts. This allows you to operate the compressor with methane even at home. It can be installed in small enterprises serving transport - transportation, taxis and at stations involved in agriculture. You can connect to the network in country house or cottage.

Refueling of the machine is usually carried out in a maximum of 6 hours. But with the help of some transformations, it is possible to increase the capacity of the compressor, which will significantly reduce the time spent on refueling the car.

Why choose gas over petrol

Gas in any form (propane or methane) burns softer than gasoline. This in turn reduces the load on the engine;
You can increase the time between repairs up to one and a half times;
Engine oil will need to be changed 2 times less often;
The engine will run less noisy - 2 times, or even more;
The operation of spark plugs will increase - up to 40 percent;
The toxicity of gases will generally decrease by 2 times.

Benefits of a gas station

You can often hear that gas stations are unsafe to operate. It is believed that it can harm the operation of the engine, which will subsequently lead to a decrease in engine power, and fuel consumption will increase rapidly.

However, these fears are incorrect. Cars have been running on gas for a relatively long time and it is safe to say that they have less explosiveness than those cars that run on gasoline.

Gas, like gasoline, mixing with air in some cases can ignite very easily. But substances are added to the gas that make the leak noticeable by smell. What can not be said in the case of gasoline. In an emergency, the filling multivalve automatically stops the gas flow.

Gas filling device

In order for the machine with gas to be located in a closed area, there are 3 unconnected devices for gas constipation on the pipelines that exit the cylinder.

To transfer the machine to operation on gas, you do not need to make great efforts. The engine does not need much adjustment.

The octane number of gases is 105 and in all operating modes the engine will work stably, without detonation.

terms of Use

The pressure in the cylinder is greatly influenced by the ambient temperature. Owners of cars running on gas need to carefully monitor that the car engine does not overheat. Even if the temperature increase is minimal, the pressure in the cylinder can increase significantly. There is a device in the car fittings that allows you to block the refueling channel as soon as it is 80% full. After that, no refueling takes place.
To date, there are many manufacturers who are engaged in the manufacture gas equipment. It does not matter what size the engine has, as the equipment works stably and well at different sizes. Only the storage of the cylinder can become a problem - it will take up a lot of space in the trunk. But it can also be quickly solved - the purchase of a toroidal cylinder, which can be put in the location of the spare wheel. The volume of the gas cylinder can be up to 50 liters. The useful volume of gas is always less than 20% than the real one.

The use of gas in cars is usually comparable in consumption to gasoline, but depending on the time of year and how often the car is used, more can be consumed.
Working on gas is good

Majority technical devices and transport, run on gasoline and if the production of cars increases, then the oil reserves will run out very soon. Natural gas is an excellent replacement for gasoline today for several reasons:

Economic - the cost is less, which means that the costs are also reduced;
Ecological - no emissions harmful to nature;
Resource - oil reserves are decreasing every year.

Without using oil in the operation of cars and using it only in those areas of activity where it is impossible to do without it, you can achieve greater efficiency and economic stability.

More than 3.2 million vehicles run on gas. Europe is rapidly switching to the use of gas, which has a positive effect on the state of our environment.

You may be interested in:

The Ministry of Energy has developed a plan for the development of green electricity by 2020. Share of electricity from alternative sources electricity should reach 4.5% of the total amount of energy generated in the country. However, according to experts, the country simply does not need such an amount of electricity from renewable sources. The general opinion in this area is to develop electricity generation through...

Modern gas tanks are filled 1-3 times a year. The number of fillings is determined by the nominal capacity of the tank intended for storing LPG and the intensity of gas use. As for the refueling process itself, experts recommend dividing it into three main stages: 1. Choosing the season for refueling The best time of the year for refueling a gas tank is the period from February to July. Exactly at...

Depending on the mode of operation, ready hardware can be transformed, disassembled or have stationary structure. The methods used for the manufacture of metal structures depend on the characteristics of the facility on which they will be operated. For example, for prefabricated structures, light metal structures are usually used, the frame of buildings of almost any type consists of a reinforced ...

The annual sales of petrochemical products are usually made in relatively small volumes. This is the reason why their capacity for storage bases and gas stations is usually in the range of 100-5000 m3. It is also possible to manufacture tanks with a volume of 100 to 100,000 m3. When calculating such structures, it is taken into account that they must withstand overpressure within 2000 Pa. By location, ground and ...

In this article, we will talk about gas-balloon equipment for a car, consider the classification and installation scheme of HBO, what it consists of and how it works.

HBO classification by generation

1 generation

Mechanical systems with vacuum control, which are installed on gasoline carbureted cars.

2 generation

Mechanical systems supplemented by an electronic dosing device working on the principle feedback with an oxygen content sensor (lambda probe). They are installed on cars equipped with an injection engine and a catalyst.

3rd generation

Systems that provide distributed synchronous gas injection with a dispenser-distributor, which is controlled by an electronic unit. Gas is supplied to the intake manifold by means of mechanical injectors, which are opened by overpressure in the gas supply line.

According to current laws, it is allowed to put on a car a system of at least the fourth generation.

4th generation

Distributed sequential gas injection systems with electromagnetic nozzles, which are controlled by a more advanced electronic unit. They differ in that gas is supplied directly to the intake manifold through special gas nozzles. They are controlled by their own electronic control unit, which synchronizes its work with the standard controller and simultaneously performs the functions of an emulator.

Such a system is popular in the market due to its low cost and quick installation. It can interact with the standard engine control unit through the OBD-2 diagnostic connector, and then the adjustment accuracy becomes higher. On engines with direct fuel injection, a HBO 4+ system is installed, which is tied to work with the engine control unit. This is due to the design of the engine, when gasoline lends itself to the combustion chamber to cool it.

5th generation

The main difference is that the gas enters the collector not in a vaporized state, but in a liquid state. This allows you to more accurately dose the fuel supply and increases efficiency. This system is insensitive to sudden changes in temperature and ensures that the engine starts on gas even in winter. In the manufacture of equipment of the 5th generation, an element base is used, which is fundamentally different from the previous ones. One of these differences is the installed pump, due to which liquid gas is supplied to the gas nozzles.

The new design does not require the use of an evaporator reducer. Instead, a pressure regulator is installed that provides a constant gas pressure in the line, which is 5 bar higher than in cylinders. Due to this level of operating pressure, the heat generated by the engine does not cause steam to form in the tubes.

6th generation

Just like the previous system, the 6th generation system injects fuel in a liquid state, but through regular engine nozzles. In winter, you can also start the engine on gas. This system is the most advanced due to the complete integration of two fuel systems. But it is also expensive, so it is rarely used in practice.

Main Components

Reducer-evaporator serves to heat the propane-butane mixture, evaporate it and reduce the pressure to a value close to atmospheric pressure.

gas reducer serves to reduce the pressure of a gas and transfer it from a liquid state to a gaseous state. This requires heating the gearbox with liquid from the cooling system. May have a vacuum or electronic control. On all reducers, the gas pressure is adjusted with a special screw.

Solenoid gas valve serves to shut off the gas line when the engine is stopped or running on gasoline. Equipped with a filter for cleaning the fuel mixture.

Electromagnetic petrol valve in carbureted cars, it cuts off the supply of gasoline when the engine is running on gas. In injection cars, its functions are performed by the injector emulator.

Fuel selector- is installed in the passenger compartment and is designed to transfer the engine from one type of fuel to another from the driver's seat without stopping the engine. There are switches on which, using LEDs, the gas level in the cylinder is shown.

The multivalve is mounted on a cylinder mouth. Includes filling and flow valves, gas level indicator and intake tube. A special high-speed valve shuts off gas leakage when accident damage gas line.

The ventilation box is attached to the neck of the cylinder. A multivalve is placed inside it. In the event of a gas leak from the cylinder, the ventilation box removes its vapors from the luggage compartment to the outside.

Gas container. There are cylindrical and torroidal cylinders (for a niche under the "reserve"). According to safety regulations, no more than 80% of the total volume is filled. There are 4 generations of cylinders: the first type - completely steel; the second - from alloy steel with a composite winding); third - an aluminum vessel with a composite winding) and the fourth type - the most modern and durable - made of composite materials. It is the latter that are the most expensive, but also the lightest.

How the HBO scheme works

HBO scheme: 1 - cylinder 2 - multivalve 3 - high pressure gas line 4 - remote filling device 5 - gas valve 6 - reducer-evaporator 7 - dispenser 8 - air and gas mixer 9 - gasoline valve 10 - fuel switch

Liquefied petroleum gas (propane-butane) under pressure comes from balloon(1) in high pressure gas line(3). The flow of gas from the cylinder occurs through multivalve(2), through which refueling is also carried out using remote filling device(4). The gas in the liquid phase enters the gas pipeline along the pipeline. filter valve(5), which cleans the gas from suspensions and tarry deposits and shuts off the gas supply when the ignition is turned off or when switching to gasoline.

The purified gas then flows through the pipeline to reducer-evaporator(6), where the gas pressure is reduced from sixteen atmospheres to one. Intensively evaporating, the gas cools the gearbox, so the latter joins the engine's water cooling system. The circulation of antifreeze avoids freezing of the gearbox and its membranes. Under the action of the vacuum created in the intake manifold of a running engine, the gas from the reducer through the hose low pressure through dispenser(7) enters mixer(8) installed between air filter and carburetor throttles. Sometimes, instead of installing a mixer, gas fittings are directly inserted into the carburetor.

Operating modes are controlled using fuel switch(10) mounted on the instrument panel. When the position "GAS" is selected, the switch opens the electromagnetic gas valve(5) and disables the electromagnetic petrol valve(9). Conversely, when switching from LPG to petrol, the switch closes the gas valve and opens the petrol valve. With the help of LEDs, the switch allows you to control which fuel is currently being used.

You should be aware that the installation of HBO on a car must be officially registered with the traffic police and regulatory authorities. If this is not done, then the inspector may issue a fine of 500 rubles or a warning for operating a machine that has been modified without permission. In practice, 90 percent of drivers do not even know that they need to register a car with LPG.

Domestic heating boilers using natural and liquefied gas, do not need constant monitoring by the user. Combustion and maintenance of the required coolant temperature are monitored by electronic and mechanical units built into any heat generator by the manufacturer. Our task is to explain how automation for a gas boiler works and what types of devices are used in modern water heating installations.

Automatic blocks of floor boilers

The vast majority of outdoor gas boilers are equipped with safety automatics that operate without external source power supply (non-volatile). According to the requirements of regulatory documents, automation equipment must shut off the gas supply to the burner and igniter in three emergency cases:

Extinction of the flame of the main burner due to blowing out or for other reasons.
When there is no or sharply reduced natural draft in the chimney.
The pressure drop of natural gas in the main line is below the critical level.

For reference. The implementation of these functions is mandatory for gas boilers of all types. Many manufacturers add a fourth level of safety - protection against overheating. When the temperature of the coolant reaches 90 °C, the valve stops supplying gas to the main burner at the signal of the sensor.

In various gas models from different manufacturers, non-volatile automation of the following types (brands) is used:

Italian blocks EuroSIT (Eurosit) series 630, 710 and 820 NOVA (heating units "Lemax", "Zhitomir 3", Aton and many others);
Polish devices "KARE" (heat generators "Danko", "Rivneterm");
American automatic control devices Honeywell (heaters of the Zhukovsky plant of the Comfort line);
domestic products of ZhMZ, SABK, Orion, Arbat firms.

Fuel supply system in the simplest AOGV devices equipped with ZhMZ valves. The burner is hidden in the lower part of the body.

We have listed the most common brands of automation, which are often installed on hot water boilers of the same company. For example, the Zhukovsky plant completes budget versions of AOGV devices with its own ZhMZ safety units, middle-price heat generators with EuroSIT devices, and powerful models with Honeywell automatic valves. Let's consider each group separately.

SIT Group Brand Gas Valves

Of all the types of automation found in boiler plants, EuroSIT safety blocks are the most popular and reliable in operation. They are recommended by companies - suppliers of natural fuels, including for replacing the old gas equipment of boilers KCHM, AGV, and so on. They work without problems as part of Polidoro, Iskra, Vakula, Thermo and others microtorch burners.

The exact names of the three models used are as follows:

630 SITs;
710 MiniSIT;
820 NOVA.

Sockets for connection of thermocouple, main and pilot burner are located on the bottom panel of the valve

For reference. The SIT Group discontinued production of the 630 and 710 series, considering them obsolete. It was replaced by a new automatic safety of heating boilers - gas valves 820 NOVA, 822 NOVA, 840 SIGMA and 880 Proflame (powered by batteries). But old products are easy to find on sale.

In order not to bore you with the details of the design automatic devices EuroSIT, we will briefly explain the principle of operation using the example of the simplest block of the 630th series:

When you turn the handle to the "ignition" position and press from above, you forcibly open solenoid valve, passing gas to the pilot burner (igniter). You click the button of the piezoelectric element that generates a spark that ignites the wick.
By holding the main handle for 30 seconds, you allow the pilot flame to warm up. The thermal bulb generates a voltage (EMF) of 20-50 millivolts, which fixes the electromagnet in the open state. Now the handle can be released.
Set the main handle to the desired position and thus supply gas to the main burner. The latter ignites and begins to heat the heat exchanger with the water of the heating system, as shown in the diagram.
When the water reaches a certain temperature, a capillary sensor is triggered, gradually closing the second thermostatic valve. The fuel supply to the burner device stops until the sensor cools down and the valve plate opens the way for gas. The igniter continues to burn in standby mode.

Note. Older modifications of automation were not equipped with temperature sensors and ignition units, so matches were required to start the heat generator.

Scheme of connecting the automation unit to the gas burner

A membrane valve, which plays the role of a pressure regulator, is responsible for the normal supply of gas in the device. When it falls below a predetermined value, the fuel channel closes and an emergency shutdown of the boiler occurs. Other situations lead to refusal:

The burner and the wick that heats the thermocouple go out. Voltage generation stops, the solenoid valve closes the fuel passage.
If the draft in the chimney unexpectedly disappears, the sensor located in this channel overheats and breaks the power supply circuit of the electromagnet. The result is similar - the fuel supply is blocked.
In heaters equipped with overheating sensors, electrical circuit breaks when water reaches a temperature of 90-95 °C.

When the gas automatics triggered an emergency shutdown, the restart of the boiler by the user is blocked for 1 minute, before the fuel supply is resumed. The operation of the system is clearly reflected in the training video:

Differences between the 710 MiniSIT and 820 NOVA models

According to the principle of operation, these blocks do not differ from their predecessor - the 630th series. Changes in automation 710 MiniSIT - purely constructive:

2 buttons "Start" and "Stop" are taken out separately together with the solenoid valve;
the main handle only rotates the thermostat rod and regulates the temperature of the coolant;
an ignition unit with a piezo igniter button is built into the product body;
the basic package of the device includes a bellows-type temperature sensor with a capillary tube;
added gas pressure stabilizer.

In block 710 MiniSIT, the handle acts as a temperature regulator and puts the heater into standby mode with a burning igniter

For reference. In the first versions of the 710th family, a spark igniter was not provided.

The latest 820 NOVA product line has been redesigned to improve stability, reliability and throughput. We want to highlight 2 improvements that are important from a user perspective:

Non-volatile room thermostat connection scheme

In this section, it makes sense to mention Honeywell automatic gas valves, which work in a similar way. Their main difference is increased throughput, which allows using blocks in boilers. high power(30-70 kW).

Polish automatic "Kare"

Few manufacturers practice the installation of Polish security systems on gas boilers. The reason is banal: in terms of reliability, the product loses to products from Italy, the USA and Germany, but at a price more expensive than domestic boiler automation.

We called the product "system" because it consists of several blocks, although general principle action remains unchanged:

gas filter;
valve - gas pressure regulator;
a thermostat with an adjusting handle is separately installed;
membrane thermostatic valve;
piezoelectric igniter button.

Scheme of the Polish system "Kare"

The nodes and sensors are interconnected by capillary tubes. In fact, this is the same SIT or Honeywell device, only broken into separate parts. This is a plus: it is more convenient and cheaper to change parts.

Products of domestic firms

As you understand, the automation of the boiler, made in the post-Soviet space, does not contain any revolutionary solutions and technological breakthroughs. To implement the three safety functions, the same principles are used - the inclusion of an electromagnet by voltage (EMF) of a thermocouple, a diaphragm gas valve and a draft sensor that breaks the circuit.

Scheme of the ZhMZ safety valve

It makes no sense to talk in detail about the design of blocks from the brands SABK, Orion and ZhMZ (Zhukovskiy Zavod). These products are characterized by the simplest device, low cost and low reliability. Thermocouples burn out almost every year, and the thermostat turns off and starts the burner too abruptly, which causes a loud bang, sometimes looking like a microexplosion.

The devices work normally in the first years of operation, then they need to be monitored and, fortunately, spare parts are available for sale and are inexpensive. An example of eliminating a typical malfunction of ZhMZ automation, see the video:

Electronics of wall units

A feature of these heat generators is the electronic control of the processes of ignition, combustion and maintaining the temperature of the coolant. That is, wall-mounted gas boilers (and some floor-standing ones) are equipped with volatile automation powered by electricity.

An important point. Despite the many "bells and whistles" introduced into the design of mini-boiler rooms, mechanics are still in charge of safety functions. Three types emergencies listed above will be processed by the equipment regardless of the presence of voltage in the mains.

The automatic gas boiler was created for the maximum convenience of the owners of apartments and private houses. To start the heater, just press 1 button and set the desired temperature. Let us briefly describe the algorithm of the unit operation and the elements involved in it:

After the specified start-up actions, the heat generator controller collects sensor readings: coolant and air temperature, gas and water pressure in the system, checks for draft in the chimney.
If everything is in order, the electronic board supplies voltage to the electromagnetic gas valve and at the same time - a discharge to the ignition electrodes. The wick is missing.
The main burner ignites and gives full power in order to speed up the heating of the coolant. Its work is monitored by a special flame sensor. The controller includes a built-in circulation pump.
When the coolant temperature approaches the set threshold, which is recorded by the overhead sensor, the combustion intensity will decrease. Step burners switch to low power mode, and modulating burners smoothly reduce the fuel supply.
Having reached the heating threshold, the electronics will shut off the gas. When the sensor detects water cooling in the system, automatic ignition and heating will be repeated.

Note. in turbocharged boilers closed camera The combustion controller also starts and stops the fan.

The instructions for the wall-mounted gas boiler indicate that the unit is designed to work in closed system heating, so the automation monitors the water pressure. If it falls below the permissible limit (0.8-1 bar), then the burner will go out and will not light up until the problem is fixed.

Many imported boilers operate according to a volatile scheme, for example, Buderus Logano, Viessmann and so on. How the installation of electronic gas equipment takes place, the master will tell in an accessible language in the video:

Conclusion

Many homeowners do their own maintenance of their heating units. Hence the interest in the operation of automatic gas boilers arises. various types. We have covered this issue, but we do not recommend repairing safety valves yourself if you do not understand the topic. The maximum that can be done is to clean the strainer, replace the unusable membrane or electromagnet. It is better to entrust the setting of the burner or igniter flame to a master gasman.