How to grow mushrooms in the forest. Growing mushrooms in the garden: transplanting from the forest, propagating with mycelium, preparing mushroom seedlings. Care for oyster mushrooms, champignons, porcini mushrooms. Growing mushrooms in winter

Four reasons why they prefer mushrooms grown in their summer cottage:

• Ecological cleanliness;
• Lack of competition with other mushroom pickers;
• Mushrooms in the garden plot are resistant to diseases, improve the ecology of the site;
• The result is almost independent of the weather.

Mushrooms are planted from late May to September. Planting material is obtained in three ways: transplanting mycelium, planting mycelium, mushroom seedlings (hats).

How to transfer the mycelium

The mushroom picker is carefully dug up in the forest. The method is completely illegal and we do not recommend it. Except for those cases where there is cutting down.

For planting mushrooms, choose a shaded place under a deciduous or coniferous tree. Around the trunk at a distance of 20-30 cm upper layer earth to the depth of a bayonet shovel. Compost from leaves and wood dust is laid at the bottom. Compost is spilled with water, covered with a layer of earth. Spread the mycelium, water and cover with fallen leaves.

The first two weeks and in dry weather, the mycelium is watered every day. For watering, use a hose with a spray nozzle or a watering can with a divider. Then, depending on weather conditions, watering can be reduced, but for the growth of mycelium, on average, at least 1 standard bucket of water is needed per well per week.

Planting mushrooms with mycelium

This method is more reliable. Buy mycelium in specialized stores. Attached to the substrate step-by-step instruction with detailed explanations of where and how to plant mycelium and how to care for it. If everything is done correctly, mushrooms will appear next year.

However, before buying, do not be too lazy to read everything, otherwise our friend gave us her purchase - she does not have an adult pine or spruce on the site, she also managed to buy camelina mycelium.

In general, after all, what we call a mushroom is only the fruiting body of a colossal organism. The mycelium itself is underground, and it is a much larger and invisible organism, consisting of hyphae - incredibly long and fragile cells like roots. Intertwining, hyphae form a mycelium. There were cases that a huge developed mycelium lived and flourished underground for 40 years, without forming fruiting bodies. There is an assumption that when entering into symbiosis with higher plants, the mycelium has nothing to throw the fruiting body to the surface - it is provided with good nutrition and feels good. The fruiting body is needed only for reproduction, when the mycelium lives tight and you need to change your place of residence.

Unlike plants, fungi cannot independently transform solar energy in food, they are devoid of chlorophyll. Therefore, most edible mushrooms obtain energy in one of 2 ways: saprophytic way (that is, decomposing dead plant residues) or mycorrhizal way (that is, penetrating into the roots of living plants).

Saprophytes include: champignons, shiitake, oyster mushrooms. Breeding them in the country is easier compared to forest mushrooms. Their spores are introduced into suitable dead organics (logs, organic fibers, manure) and a warm and humid regime is maintained for their germination.

Forest mushrooms often require living and very old trees for their germination. And although this is clearly written on the packages with mycelium, many gardeners do not take this into account. And even if the mycelium takes root, no one can guarantee the receipt of fruiting bodies in the country - the mycelium lives and dies along with its symbiont, that is, a tree. And it is not a fact that in their joint plans there is a desire to feed the owner of the summer cottage with their fruiting bodies (mushrooms).

How to get mushroom seedlings?

For getting mushroom seedlings caps are crushed and poured with water for a day. The earth around the tree is loosened with a flat cutter, adding mature compost. The resulting solution is poured over the prepared area. Topped with leaves forest trees.

Important! Hats should not be dried or frozen. In order for the spores to germinate, it is advisable to use the caps within a few hours.

By the way, the waste of fruiting bodies from your own plantation also needs to be insisted and watered with an already planted mushroom bed under a tree.

Basic rules for caring for mycelium:

1. Digging is not used at the summer cottage (at least 2-3 years).
2. Plant and food waste is constantly returned to the garden.
3. The soil must not be dry. The mushroom planting site requires constant watering.
4. In the spring, biostimulants are introduced into the soil. They accelerate the growth of mushrooms, strengthen their immune system, increase yields and shorten the growing cycle. You can buy bioadditives in stores selling seeds and related products.
5. Mushrooms feed on the roots of trees, so the mycelium is placed in the immediate vicinity of the trunk.
6. Mushrooms are planted in the evening or cloudy weather.

Experience in the use of mycelium for the benefit of higher plants

Constantly introducing sawdust mulch, Altai microbiologist A. Kuznetsov uses and actively promotes agricultural technology based on the ability of fungi to form a symbiotic relationship with higher plants. He noticed that in the old abandoned orchards there are pigs, volnushki, milk mushrooms, russula. In such gardens, trees and berries do not get sick, young seedlings begin to bear fruit faster. Even demanding remontant strawberry varieties in such conditions do not need to renew the plantation every 4 years:

If the appropriate conditions are created, then cultivated plants they do not even grow their own nourishing roots, but use external fungal mycorrhiza (mushroom root) for drinking and nutrition. Mycorrhiza for garden plants It is also good because it is perennial and, in addition to nutrition and water, gives plants valuable enzymes, hormones, immunostimulants, and even maintains a kind of information connection between plants.

There are many publications of Alexander Ivanovich on the network, there is also a forum where he gives live explanations and recommendations on mushroom agricultural technology, irrigation, cuttings, proven varieties of fruit and berry crops from his nursery. The previous 2 photos are from there. So what is it practical advice thoughtful land Dealer, do not be too lazy to look through his materials before growing mushrooms in the country.

What else to add for keen mushroom growers-summer residents? Yes, in large metropolitan areas there are also such options when mycorrhiza of fungi is sold immediately with a symbiont plant, they are easiest to grow in the country, they themselves would be happy to buy such beauty, admire:

Interestingly, due to the low calorie content of mushrooms, nutritionists do not attach importance to them as an important source of nutrition. At the same time, mushrooms provide us with minerals and vitamins, as well as essential amino acids, which give some of them a taste reminiscent of meat.

Growing mushrooms in the country and in the garden requires certain skills. For their acquisition, perhaps, it is better to start with oyster mushrooms. It is a saprophytic fungus that does not form mycorrhiza and is quite resistant to diseases so that it can be grown even in winter in suitable premises on a substrate of sawdust or small logs. And if the purpose of mushroom cultivation is not only food, then take a closer look at mycorrhiza-forming mushrooms for summer cottages.

Have you ever wondered how to grow mushrooms in the country? Sound exotic? This is true. So far, only a few are doing this. However, why not try a new occupation, there is more that it does not require large financial investments or significant efforts. At the same time, you will be able to collect incredible crops without the competition of the same mushroom pickers and tedious trips to the forest. Having thoroughly mastered the new section of gardening, you can even put your crops up for sale.

There are several basic ways to plant mushrooms in the country:

Equipment for growing mushrooms

Oyster mushrooms, which are sold in stores all year round, are grown production method in large quantities for special installations. You can master their breeding even in a small shed or basement. Someone makes it home business, and someone just needs to provide themselves and all their loved ones with mushrooms for their own consumption. How to grow mushrooms in the country?

The mushroom growing kit looks something like this:

• a substrate consisting of straw, sawdust of non-coniferous trees, husks from seeds, crushed into dust and pasteurized in hot water;
• polyethylene bags with holes for every 10-15 cm, in which the prepared substrate is placed;
• mushroom mycelium, which must be placed in bags in layers between the substrate.

What mushrooms can be planted in the country?

Almost any forest mushrooms can be successfully grown on your own plot. The most common mushrooms in the country are:

• boletus;
• White mushroom;
• boletus;
• oiler;
• camelina.

How to grow champignon mushrooms?

Mushrooms can be grown in bags, boxes, in the garden. A richer harvest will give cultivation in artificial conditions, that is, in bags or in boxes. In addition, this way you can better control diseases and pests by simply isolating infected containers. So, to the question of how best to grow mushrooms at home, the answer is to create suitable conditions indoors.

So, how to grow mushrooms in the country? After laying the mycelium in bags with the substrate, you need to wait 3 days, then make 5-6 cuts in each bag and leave in the dark at a temperature of + 18-20 ° C. Already after 2-3 weeks, the first mushrooms will appear in the slots. At this point, you need to transfer the bags to a ventilated and 24-hour illuminated room with a temperature of + 20-27 ° C and high humidity (70-95%). Mushrooms will grow to their proper size in 3-4 weeks. After harvesting them, you need to again transfer the bags to a dark room, where after a week they will begin to grow again.

Growing porcini mushrooms in the country

The king of mushrooms grows successfully in a well-prepared area. How to grow these mushrooms in the country? To grow them, you can use one of the methods described above - transplanting mycelium, planting mycelium (including purchased), dispersing spores. These excellent forest mushrooms grow in the country near trees, where you need to remove a half-meter layer of earth, decompose compost, lay seeds, mycelium or mycelium and cover them with a layer of leaves. The area with mycelium should be watered periodically. In winter, mycelium should be sprinkled with compost and, if necessary, covered with a film.

How to grow oyster mushrooms in the country?

Growing chanterelles in the country

Growing butter in the country

The most convenient way to breed this mushroom is by transplanting the mycelium. Often they grow between young pines - this is the piece of forest land you need to transfer to your dacha. How to grow butterflies in the country: it is important for these mushrooms that the soil is rich in lime. The lighting of the site chosen for planting should be moderate, with indirect sunlight. During dry periods, the bed with oil plants should be watered abundantly. The first harvest will appear after 3-4 years.

Openings in the country

If you are new to how to grow mushrooms in the country, start simple - breeding mushrooms. In the forest, they grow on stumps and half-rotten logs. You just need to transfer some of this to your site. Another option is to sow mycelium on a rotten stump in the garden. It is optimal if it is a stump from beech, aspen, poplar, willow, oak or ash. The place for their cultivation should be shady and humid. The first harvest after planting the mycelium can be expected after 1-2 years.

Independent cultivation of mushrooms in a summer cottage or garden

When you have your own land, it’s simply a sin not to start growing such tasty and beloved mushrooms on it. There is nothing complicated in the technology of growing mushrooms. You just need to follow certain recommendations and you will be able to enjoy delicious products grown on your own every year.

Planting mushrooms: choosing a good place

It is very important to choose a place where the mushrooms will be as comfortable as possible. Therefore, you need to choose places with deciduous or coniferous trees. Mushrooms especially like to grow near such plants. It is best to plant porcini mushrooms near trees such as oak, hornbeam, beech.

In no case should you plant mushrooms near crops, as this may adversely affect the growth of mushrooms. If there are no forest trees on the site, it is allowed to plant mushrooms on the shady side of the wooden building.

As for champignons or oyster mushrooms, there is much less trouble with them - these types of mushrooms need a moist and shady place.

How to choose a growing method?

It is necessary to consider ways to grow mushrooms in order to know which method will be more time-consuming and costly:

1. Mushrooms are grown using spores. Planting material can be prepared independently without additional financial costs. To do this, you need mushrooms with overripe, slightly wormy hats, because it is in them that spores (seeds) of mushrooms develop.

Be sure to prepare a container with rain or river water in advance. To start the fermentation process, you need to add 50 g of sugar to the water, then knead the caps and add them to the sugar water. It is necessary to achieve uniformity of the mass, which should be infused for at least a day. In this case, the resulting composition must be stirred regularly.

For the preparation of sourdough, hats are best used immediately, since they do not last long, and therefore may simply be unsuitable in the future. Before planting, be sure to strain the sourdough. There are 10 liters of water for 1 liter of sourdough. Pour the selected area with the prepared solution. If you plant mushrooms in this way, be sure to mulch the area using fallen leaves. This should be done twice - after planting and before winter.

2. You can also use a more efficient and easier way - use mycelium, which is grain or compost. It is better to give preference to the grain type, since there is not much trouble with it, and landing is much faster and without much difficulty. It will be necessary to prepare a site on which mushrooms will be planted. Most often, the allowable area size is indicated on the packaging.

3. The third, no less easy method is the mycelium. If you have a summer cottage at your disposal, you can transplant a mycelium onto it. This method of cultivation provides for the presence of forest trees on the site. But at the same time, mushrooms should be planted exclusively under the same tree under which they grew in the forest. A place in the garden should be prepared in advance. To breed butterflies in this way, you will need to plant them in soil with high content lime and pine trees located nearby. It will be possible to harvest the first crop no earlier than 3 years after transplantation, but then the mushrooms will bear fruit every three days, starting in May.

How to plant and grow porcini mushrooms, mushrooms and mushrooms?

You can plant porcini mushrooms in several ways: seedlings, planting finished material, transplanting. Planting should be done between May and October. It is especially important to engage in planting work only after the sun has set.

1. Place the excavated mycelium in a place where coniferous or deciduous trees and shrubs grow. It should be planted in the roots of the same tree from which the family was dug out.
2. In order for germination to be really successful, you must first prepare the soil. Dig out a 30 cm layer of earth in front of the selected tree for half a meter. Place fallen leaves, dust and sawdust on the bottom of the trench. Sprinkle soil on top, on which the brought layer with ready-made spores should be laid out. After planting, irrigate and throw fallen leaves on top. During the first 2-3 weeks in case of severe drought, the mushrooms should be watered abundantly.

Planting the finished material is carried out as follows:

1. Before planting the mycelium, you should choose a place under a tree where there is a humid environment.
2. Step back from the tree 70 cm, remove the top layer - about 50 cm.
3. Place a mixture of earth, leaves and sawdust at the bottom of the pit to a depth of 20 cm. Sprinkle with earth a layer of 10 cm on top.
4. Apply compost, place the mycelium, sprinkle with soil and fallen leaves.

It is recommended to fertilize mushrooms with ordinary coffee grounds, as it serves as an excellent growth stimulant. In addition, it is able not only to accelerate growth, but also to protect mushrooms from the appearance of mold and various diseases, moths and midges. It is recommended to add 15% natural ground coffee to the residue from the aromatic drink and enrich it with a mineral complex. 50 g of such top dressing should be applied per 1 square meter.

Mushrooms: planting and growing

Mushrooms prefer places where high humidity and lots of organic nutrients. Mushrooms do not need much sunlight to germinate. They are not capricious, and therefore may well grow in orchards. For cultivation, soil saturated with organic additives is required. If not, then you can do it yourself:

1. Mix 50 kg of cow or horse manure, 12 kg of gypsum and lime, 20 kg of straw.
2. Combine everything together. You can add food waste to the composition.
3. Firmly pack the entire mixture and sprinkle with water.
4. Cover with plastic wrap and leave for a few weeks until the ammonia smell disappears.

After 3 weeks, you can begin to prepare a place to accommodate a young family. It is necessary to dig a trench as wide as the size of the mycelium, and not more than 30 cm deep. The dug trench should be filled with a prepared substrate, and then watered abundantly. Followed by final stage- repopulation of mycelium. Planting material can be purchased at a specialized store or found in the forest.

It is necessary to place a family of mushrooms in a trench, cover with straw on top. Mushrooms should be planted at a temperature of at least 20 degrees Celsius.

In addition to planting the finished mycelium, you can take ripe mushrooms, crush them and sow them on the site. Place abundantly watered by irrigation. It is not necessary to tamp the area, as this can cause the death of mushrooms. In a few months it will be possible to harvest.

Planting oyster mushrooms

It is recommended to grow oyster mushrooms the easy way- in the substrate of seeds, sawdust. Prepared raw materials should be crushed, placed in a large container and poured with boiling water. After a couple of hours, drain the water, wring out the material for the substrate so that it is damp, not wet.

The crushed raw materials and mycelium of mushrooms should be laid in layers in a plastic bag, strongly tamped and tightly tied with a rope. It is necessary to make several holes in the package. Put the bags with the substrate in a well-moistened, dark and warm place until the first germs of fungi appear. After the ovary is noticeable, the bags should be placed in a cool and well-lit place for daily irrigation. Within a week after the appearance of the embryos, the first mushrooms may appear.

How to plant boletus?

1. Dig a hole down to the roots of the tree. Be sure to adhere to this size - 2 square meters in width and 30 cm in depth. When the roots are located on the surface of the soil, only the top layer should be removed.
2. Fill a deep hole with compost to ground level, a shallow hole - in layers: 12 cm of compost, 6 cm of soil. It is necessary to alternate compost and earth until the height of the layers reaches half a meter.
3. Prepare holes in the compost up to 20 cm deep. The distance between the holes is 25 cm. Lower the pieces of boletus mycelium to the bottom of the holes, cover with earth. After planting, water the plantation with water. There are 20 liters of water per 1 square meter. Then be sure to cover with a layer of fallen leaves.

Planting boletus

When using ready-made mycelium, the planting of boletus can be greatly simplified. Therefore, initially you need to stock up on materials: mycelium, compost, soil for indoor plants. Mushrooms can perfectly adapt to multiply on soil rich in peat. Then it is necessary to select a site where a lot of birches grow. Boletes prefer to grow in such conditions.

If you grow mushrooms from mycelium, then it will be very simple, provided that everything is properly prepared. It is most optimal to plant mushrooms from May to the end of summer. You need to get rid of the debris on the site, and then dig three holes for the seeds. The size of the holes is 10x20 cm. It is best to dig holes around the tree.

After preparing the holes, fill them halfway with peat soil. Place a small piece of compost mycelium in each hole. After that, fill the holes with soil and tamp. Water each well with 1 liter of water. Be sure to moisten the soil around using 1 bucket of water.

How to plant oilseeds in the garden?

Most optimal way planting maslyat is the transplantation of a small pine tree from the forest on the site. It is desirable that the age of the tree be from 10 to 15 years. Only under such a tree will mushrooms begin to grow. Butterflies like light shade, but they can also grow in full sun.

For creating optimal conditions for the development of mycelium in the selected area, 20 cm of the top layer of soil should be removed. Nutrient soil for butter is formed in several layers. The first, lower layer should be made from vegetable raw materials - fallen leaves, mowed grass, needles. The second layer should be made from the earth, which is collected at the place where the mushrooms grow. Mushroom mycelium should be sown on prepared soil.

How to grow chanterelles?

The best partners of mushrooms are pine and spruce, and the mushroom can also cooperate with oak and beech. WITH garden trees mushrooms don't get along.

So, it will not be possible to grow mushrooms without a partner tree. If there is no such plant on the site, then it will have to be planted. Better to find in the forest young tree, immediately with mycelium. It is also necessary to grab several bags of a layer of forest soil and coniferous litter. It is recommended to plant a tree in an area where there is partial shade. When planting, the mycelium should be in forest soil, covered with needles on top. The mushroom picker does not like drying out, as well as humidity, therefore, moderate watering will have to be carried out regularly.

If there is already a pine or spruce on the site, then mushrooms can be planted to the tree. This can be done in two ways: by planting a mycelium or by sowing spores.

When sowing, you should choose the caps of old, overripe mushrooms, simply scatter them under a tree or soak them in water for a day, and then simply pour the planting site with the solution. It is very important to maintain a constant level of humidity in the future, since drying out or wetting can destroy planting material.

The most reliable and fastest way is to plant a mycelium dug out in the forest. Under the tree, pits should be dug, 20 centimeters deep, a mycelium should be placed there along with forest soil, covered with coniferous litter and moss on top. Water in the same way as in the previous method. The mycelium should be planted no earlier than June and no later than September.

Plant mushrooms and grow them on your land plot It is quite easy if you follow all the necessary rules, adhere to technology, and choose high-quality planting material. Only if you approach landing with responsibility, you can achieve good results and enjoy healthy products grown with their own hands.

Features of the cultivation of forest mushrooms at their summer cottage

Today, you can pick mushrooms not only in the forest, but also in your own garden. At the same time, in terms of taste and quality characteristics, such a product is in no way inferior to its “wild” counterpart. Grown on own garden, domestic mushrooms are more environmentally friendly and practically do not succumb to the harmful effects of insects. Breeding a delicacy is easy. The main thing is to comply with all the requirements for their transfer and adaptation to the ground, including natural mycorrhiza - a symbiotic association (coexistence) of the body's mycelium with other plants. What other nuances do you need to know when cultivating mushrooms with your own hands?

Types of mushrooms suitable for growing in the garden

Almost any fruit bodies can be bred in the country and in the garden. At the same time, due to the absence of a vegetative period in mushrooms, they can be grown all year round, except for winter. But in order for the home cultivation of mushrooms to be successful, it is necessary to properly organize a new environment and growing conditions for them. First of all, we are talking about the choice of a place for planting fruiting bodies, the quality of the soil and the presence of tree varieties similar to the forest microclimate - pine, spruce, aspen, birch, oak. This allows the mycelium to freely connect with the root system of the plant, fully feed and utilize excess moisture.

Most successful options for growing edible forest mushrooms on personal plot are:

• oyster mushrooms;
• milk mushrooms;
• Polish mushrooms;
• aspen mushrooms or redheads;
• white mushrooms or mushrooms;
• boletus;
• yellow chanterelles;
• boletus ordinary;
• flywheels chestnut or brown mushrooms;
• russula-breasts;
• mushrooms;
• honey mushrooms;
• Champignon.

Also, exotic types of fruiting bodies, such as truffles, lend themselves well to breeding in the country. The method of cultivation of mushrooms is almost the same, with the exception of the individual varietal characteristics of the product.

Growing technology

When proper fit mushrooms and favorable conditions their growth, the first harvest can be expected in 1–2 months for champignons, or next year for porcini mushrooms, boletus and other species. The duration of the fruiting of the mycelium is from 3 to 5 years. At the same time, from 1 m² the amount harvested crop reaches from 2 to 4 kg.

Breeding methods

For the cultivation of wild mushrooms in the garden, several methods are used, ideally suited both for the purpose of obtaining seedlings and tubers, and for direct cultivation of mushroom plantations.

Diving forest mycelium

For planting, it is necessary to deliver a carefully dug mycelium to the site from the forest. The rhizome should be transferred very carefully, making sure that the earth in it is not shaken, and the vegetative body is not deformed. Before planting, the soil must be specially prepared. To do this, it is necessary to remove 30-40 cm of the top layer of soil and put compost on the bottom of the resulting small pit. After that, the mycelium can be placed at the planting site. Upon completion, the fruiting body should be watered and covered with a layer of fallen leaves. For the best growth of mushrooms, the place of their transplantation should coincide with the previous environment. That is, correspond to the same tree as the parent tree.

Sprouting through mycelium

Represents the most popular method of cultivation of mushrooms. Produced in granular form and sold in garden stores. For planting mycelium, the soil is carefully prepared. A place for mushrooms is chosen in a shady and humid area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe site, at a distance of about 60 cm from the tree, with which the fruiting body will later come into contact. The total sown area of ​​the mycelium is determined by its quantity in the package.

The preparation of the substrate includes the creation of a special substrate from needles, dust, sawdust and leaves, which are laid on the bottom of the previously prepared hole, up to 50 cm deep. The mycelium is mixed with the ground and a growth stimulator, after which the resulting mixture is evenly distributed over the surface of the substrate and covered with soil. The bed is carefully watered and covered with fallen leaves. An alternative to natural compost can be a ready-made mushroom substrate.

A similar method of planting mycelium requires regular loosening of the site and compliance with the irrigation regime. It is very important not to allow the soil to dry out, so in dry seasons it is allowed drip irrigation mycelium. With proper implementation of all work, the result in the form of the first harvest can be observed already next year, and the mycelium will bear fruit for at least 2 years.

Reproduction through mushroom seedlings (solution)

simple and affordable way cultivation of wild mushrooms. The seed mixture is prepared from mushroom pieces and caps finely ground in a meat grinder, which, after grinding, must be insisted in water for a day. The substance is placed in a bed fertilized with compost, after which it is covered with a layer of earth and leaves.

Growing by spores

The most straightforward method. It consists in dispersing fungal spores around the site. To do this, overripe fruit bodies collected in the forest are crushed to the state of crumbs or small pieces and scattered throughout the garden. The sowing zone itself is well moistened. The method is very effective, as it allows you to create as close to forest conditions as possible. But you should be careful and place mushroom zones away from garden crops.

In the absence of forest trees on the plot, fruiting bodies can be planted from the shady side wooden buildings. Special attention should be given to the mycelium in the cold season, protecting it with roofing felt or polyethylene.

In order for the labor spent to give its results, and for the cultivation of edible forest mushrooms to be maximized, adhere to the following recommendations:

• It is better to collect young fruiting bodies for sowing without cutting the stalk, but taking it out of the ground entirely with the root.
• When choosing mushrooms for further cultivation, pay attention to the mother tree under which they grow.
• Collected mushrooms must be healthy.
• In order for the mycelium to take root better, you can add a little alcohol (4 tablespoons per bucket) or sugar (45–50 g) to the aqueous solution with mushrooms.
• Process the collected mushrooms no later than 10 hours after their collection. Sowing material to produce the next day. Only fresh fruiting bodies are cultivated, frozen mushrooms are not suitable for breeding.
• Before planting, it is imperative to clean the soil prepared for the mycelium from pathogenic microflora by disinfecting it with a disinfectant solution based on oak bark or black tea.
• Mycelium should be planted at a distance of about 0.5 m from the trees.
• To avoid drying out of the mycelium, a planting site should be chosen in the shade with a high humidity coefficient.

Growing porcini mushrooms in the country

Growing porcini mushrooms in the country is not a myth, but a reality. The main thing is to know some features and then your work will be productive (it would be surprising if this king of mushrooms did not have his own requirements for caring for him). This article is about how to grow porcini mushrooms using two methods. The first method is growing with mycelium, the second is using fresh mushroom caps.

But first, a little about the mushroom itself

White mushroom is rightfully considered the most valuable among edible mushrooms. He has a fleshy large hat and a thick swollen white leg. It is tastier and more aromatic than other mushrooms. And it is called white because it does not darken during harvesting and cooking. With this mushroom, wonderful fragrant light sauces, broths and soups, as well as many other dishes are prepared.

All these qualities make it possible to call the porcini mushroom the most desirable in the mushroom picker's basket. And if he grows in his own garden, then it's even better.

Well, now about the cultivation of porcini mushrooms in the country

Growing porcini mushrooms from mycelium

This is the first way to grow in case you do not have time to look for mushrooms in the forest. To grow in this way, firstly, you need to purchase white fungus mycelium. Fortunately, the Internet will help in finding sellers.

In addition to mycelium, you need:

• growing trees of deciduous or coniferous species, preferably not very old (about 8-10 years old);
• branches, moss, fallen leaves;
• compost.

By the way, from May to September is the best time for planting mycelium of porcini mushrooms.

Well, everything is prepared, the season is right, we begin planting.

First, let's prepare a landing site. To do this, near the tree trunk, you need to remove the top layer of earth (10-20 cm thick) with a shovel in such a way as to get an approximately round bare area from 1 to 1.5 m in diameter with a tree in the center.

After that, cover everything with that layer of soil that was removed at the very beginning. Now water the landing site. Water must be poured carefully through the sprayer so as not to erode the soil. One tree needs 2 to 3 buckets of water.

To protect against frost, cover the area with mycelium with straw, moss, fallen leaves or spruce branches. Coverage radius is about 2m. In the spring, when there is no longer a possibility of a return of severe frosts, remove the “veil”.

The first mushrooms will appear a year after the mycelium takes root. And so porcini mushrooms in the country will delight you for about 3-4 years. If from time to time you water the land with mycelium with water with effective microorganisms (EM), you can harvest longer - sometimes even up to 7 years.

As you can see, the technology for growing porcini mushrooms from mycelium is not very complicated.

Growing white mushrooms with fresh mushroom caps

As in the first option, you need coniferous or deciduous trees 8 to 10 years old. If you don’t have these on your site, then you will have to look in a neighboring forest or forest plantation.

Now let's get down to the landing process itself.

Growing porcini mushrooms using hats is somewhat similar to growing the previous method, but there are some peculiarities. To grow in this way, we need:

1. Prepare the collected mushrooms for sowing;
2. Prepare a place for sowing;
3. Sow mushrooms.

And now more about this.

How to prepare the "seed" of porcini mushrooms?

Place porcini mushrooms (5-10 pieces) collected for sowing in a bucket of water (preferably with rain water) and leave them to soak for a day. After insisting, mash the mushrooms with your hands right in the bucket. You should get a homogeneous mass. Now strain this solution through a sieve or cloth with rare pores. Do not discard any leftover pulp. She, too, will need to be planted. Thus, you got a solution with spores and the mushroom tissue itself.

Preparation of a place for sowing and the “sowing” of porcini mushrooms

The place for sowing is prepared in the same way as in the previous planting method. But the sowing process is different.

With this method of planting on a bare piece of land, it is necessary to pour a filtered solution onto the roots of a tree (about 2 liters per square meter). After watering, lay the mushroom tissue on top of the roots, which remains after straining. After that, cover everything with earth that was previously removed near this tree, and pour water over it. As in the previous planting method, water very carefully. The amount of water per tree is 4-5 buckets.

Take care of the site, as in the case of planting porcini mushrooms with the help of mycelium. That is, keep the soil moist (especially in summer), and for the winter (and especially before the first winter after planting), cover the ground around the tree. Remove the covering material in the spring.

It is enough to water once a week for 4-5 buckets of water for each tree. Although it all depends on the area where you live. If you often have rains, then, of course, watering can be reduced.

After a year or two, if the mycelium has taken root, you will collect your porcini mushrooms. They can be from 2 to 5 kg.

By the way, if you "sow" mushrooms in August, and the mushrooms appear next autumn, then parts of the caps of porcini mushrooms have taken root. Well, if mushrooms appear after 2 years, then spores have taken root.

As with the mycelium growing method, you will harvest mushrooms for about 3-4 years. So if you enjoy picking your own white mushrooms, plant them again in the same way in a few years.

What you need to know to increase the chances of mycelium to take root?

Mushrooms can take root better if you use the following guidelines (some of them will work for both growing methods).

1. Looking for mushrooms further landing, choose mushrooms that grow near the same tree species near which you plan to plant. That is, if an oak grows on your site, then look for porcini mushrooms also near the oak. If you have different trees on the site, then also collect "seed" near different trees, but preferably in different bags or baskets. The trees themselves must be healthy.
2. After the mushrooms have been harvested, they must be soaked immediately (maximum 10 hours after harvest) and sown the next day. It is impossible to store mushrooms before soaking for longer than 10 hours. They decompose quickly. You will not grow anything from frozen mushrooms, so do not even try to freeze them so that you can plant them sometime later.
3. When soaking mushrooms (when preparing seed), sugar or alcohol can be added to the water. This will help the mycelium take root better. You just need to remember that alcohol is added first, mixed with water, and only then the caps are placed for soaking. The amount of alcohol - 3-4 tbsp. spoons for 10 liters of water. If you use sugar, then it should be only granulated sugar. Rafinade cannot be used. You need 50 g of sugar per 10 liters of water. See also: Soil type on the site - how to determine and improve the structure
4. 2-3 hours before planting mushrooms, a bare area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe earth should be watered with a special solution for disinfection. But fear not, these are all natural substances and your eco-garden will not suffer. But pathogenic fungi and bacteria will partially lose their hyperactivity and will not be able to harm your white mushrooms.
   To disinfect the area, a solution of tannins is used. One tree needs 2-3 liters of such a solution. It can be prepared either from black tea or from oak bark. You can water the site only with a chilled solution.
   You can prepare a tanning solution like this:
   - black tea
   To prepare 1 liter of the finished solution, you need to pour 50-100 g of low-grade tea with one liter of boiling water and wait until it cools down.
   - from oak bark
   For 1 liter of water, 30 g of oak bark is taken. Boil for an hour. In the process of boiling water, add water to the original volume.
5. Planting time for mushrooms is mid-September. Later they will take root worse or not take root at all. 1-1.5 months before frost, the mycelium can take root and grow. This will provide her with the best wintering.
   The best time for planting porcini mushrooms is August-mid-September.

And again: keep an eye on the humidity in the zone of planted mushrooms. In hot summers, once a week, water the area with mushrooms with 3-4 buckets of water.

Well, now you know how to grow porcini mushrooms. You will have to work a little, but this is the king of mushrooms and it's worth it. Yes, and imagine how you watch the growth of mushrooms, not being afraid that someone else will pick them, because they grow on your territory.

Growing porcini mushrooms in the country will provide you with a personal "forest" harvest.

A site about a garden, a summer residence and house plants.

Planting and growing vegetables and fruits, caring for the garden, building and repairing a summer house - all with your own hands.

We grow oyster mushrooms, white truffles and other mushrooms in the country with our own hands

There are many edible mushrooms. They grow both by themselves (usually in the forest), and in recent years they have been cultivated very actively in special farms. Mushrooms have a special taste and smell, some of them are a real delicacy and are highly valued.

The nutritional value of mushrooms is enormous. Currently, the world's population consumes about 6 million tons of mushrooms annually. Of these, only 0.7 million tons are collected in forests, the rest are grown on mushroom farms, dachas and household plots.

Since ancient times, man has tried to "tame" and "domesticate" mushrooms. The pioneers in mushroom growing were the Chinese, who at the dawn of our era learned to grow shiitake mushrooms. We, Europeans, are more familiar with champignon, which has been grown for over 300 years. But mushrooms are in no hurry to reveal their secrets to humans and, despite such a venerable age of cultivation, no more than two dozen species have been “domesticated”.

We grew mainly such - oyster mushroom (ordinary, pink, lemon yellow, etc. - read more - Growing mushrooms at home - part 2), white and royal (brown) champignon, honey agaric (winter, autumn, summer, meadow) , ink mushroom (white dung beetle) and ringworm.

Shiitake mushroom, which has become traditional abroad for a long time, we began to produce only in the last ten years.

Recently, they have learned to cultivate porcini mushrooms, yellow and gray chanterelles, russula-podgruzdki, Polish mushrooms, boletus and saffron mushrooms. Even delicacy white and black truffles have entered the "guard" of cultivated mushrooms.

Oyster mushroom, honey agaric and shiitake perfectly master any plant residues - straw, hay, seed husks, sawdust or shavings hardwood trees, leaves, reeds, corn cobs, pomace from fruits and vegetables, etc., as well as hardwoods of both garden and forest trees. Moreover, the wood is suitable both freshly sawn and lain for several years (but not rotten).

Quite a lot is already known about growing oyster mushrooms both intensively (on compost) and extensively (on stumps).

Similarly, you can grow mushrooms and shiitake.

Champignons and forest mushrooms feel great on compost from humus and garden soil; you need to grow them on personal plots in shady places and in semi-dark rooms. Cultivating mushrooms is not as difficult as some make it out to be.

Now porcini mushrooms are also grown. Under the mushrooms, you need to take a shaded area of ​​\u200b\u200b2.5-3 m 2, on which to make a "pit" 30 cm deep and fill it with a nutrient mixture.

At the bottom of the pit, pour a layer of fallen leaves, grass, wood dust or bark (layer thickness 10 cm). On top of it is a layer of manure humus or earth taken under the trees (layer thickness 10 cm). Then evenly sprinkle over the entire surface of the grain mycelium.

The third layer (thickness 3 cm) is again plant residues. And finally, the last one is garden soil (3 - 5 cm).

After sowing, the substrate must be moistened with a drip method. In dry weather and high temperature moisturize as needed, both before the appearance of mushrooms and during their growth.

The first mushrooms will delight you in 1.5-2 months, and then they will appear every 1-1.5 weeks. On open field grow from May to late autumn. Mycelium lives up to 5 years.

Indoors, porcini mushrooms are grown in the same way as on a personal plot, only they are planted in boxes, which are placed in semi-dark places with diffused sunlight or with electric lighting (3-4 hours a day). The premises must be well ventilated, maintain high humidity in them (water containers are installed next to the boxes).

Mushrooms grow at a temperature of 5-30 °C, the optimum temperature for them is 12-26 °C.

Since mushrooms do not have a growing season, they can be grown at any time of the year.

In the same way, on a personal plot, in utility rooms, outbuildings, basements, sheds, garages, yes, and on balconies, loggias, in pantries you can grow yellow chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius); russula-loaders (Russulaceae); Polish mushroom (Xerocomus badius); also called brown mushroom or chestnut flywheel; common butterdish (Suillus), gray chanterelle (Craterellus cornucopioides).

TO growing all these mushrooms the same technology is used, only some features must be taken into account:

• the Polish mushroom bears fruit most abundantly under chestnut trees;
• chanterelles feel better on sandy and clay soils;
• russula-loaders love deep shade;
• the habitat of butterflies can be lightly sprinkled with oak leaves or sawdust of deciduous trees;
• camelina has the same features as the porcini mushroom. Today it has become possible to grow even such exotic delicacy mushrooms as truffles.

Growing truffles essentially boils down to proper planting and then to pinpointing exactly where the mushroom crop is formed. The process of mushroom growth itself takes place at a depth of 30-40 cm underground and stretches in time from two to five years, until the first harvest appears. Subsequent harvests - 2 times a year: in spring - from late March to early May; autumn - from mid-September to late November.

Landing dates - all year round. Mycelium is introduced under the roots of already growing trees and shrubs or during planting seedlings.

There are several signs by which it is possible to determine the place of formation of mushrooms: the earth is noticeably fluffed and raised; a strong persistent smell of mushrooms in this place attracts many insects; dogs and other domestic animals (for example, pigs, as well as poultry) tend to "dig" in the mushroom place. In addition, you yourself, even without wanting it, will hear a characteristic mushroom smell.

Dig up the truffles carefully, raking the ground with your hands (or using a small garden tools) and choosing "tubers". Then the “excavation site” is again filled up.

Mushrooms are stored fresh (7-8 days) at a temperature of 7-13 °C. Truffles can be frozen, dried, salted and pickled.

Hydrogel helps to solve the problem with moisture at all stages of growing any mushrooms. These are polymer granules (based on potassium) that absorb water and water-soluble fertilizers and then release them to plants as needed. Moreover, the mass of the absorbed liquid is many times greater than its own. In dry form, the hydrogel is a colorless granular powder.

Add hydrogel to the ground, and your plants will have a good helper, making sure that they are comfortable (neither damp nor dry) and nutritious (all fertilizers will get to their intended purpose). For mushroom growers, it is indispensable, since with its use there is no problem with constant moisture.

The hydrogel is absolutely sterile and non-toxic, retains its properties at high and low temperatures in the soil for 5-7 years. Just 1 g of superabsorbent water-retaining hydrogel accumulates up to 3.5 liters of water per month in the soil. Its consumption rates for open areas - 3 g / m 2; for greenhouses - 5 g / m 2, and for flowerpots - 2 g per 5-liter container.

I am sure that with such an assistant, mushroom growing will become an exciting and profitable activity for you. Try it!

1. Gather young mushrooms in the forest, moreover, without cutting with a knife, but pulling out the stalk along with the mushroom root.
2. Grind the lower part with the roots in a meat grinder.
3. Apply the resulting mass for digging into the soil at a distance of 3 m from the tree trunk.

Mycelial filaments contained in fungal roots are able to penetrate tree roots.

Mycelium takes root well on the roots of aspen and birch, respectively, the method is suitable for breeding boletus and boletus.

Inveterate mushroom pickers achieve results in the cultivation of porcini mushrooms.

" Mushrooms

White mushroom is considered the most valuable and most delicious mushroom. Finding such mushrooms in the forest was considered a great success. This species grows in forests that are at least fifty years old. However, progress does not stand still and gardeners have figured out how to grow porcini mushrooms in a country house or garden plot with their own hands. In this article, we will show you how to do it step by step at home.

For good growth, porcini mushrooms need certain conditions - air humidity of 60%. In drought conditions, even in the presence of moisture in the soil, the fungus stops growing. Since the body of the fungus is not protected from evaporation, it dries up.

Temperature is of great importance for good growth. Mushroom spores can grow at a temperature of +9 degrees, however optimal temperature good growth of mushrooms is a temperature of +19 to +27 degrees. If the weather is warm and rainy, mushroom growth will continue for 30 days. White fungus can grow up to 13 cm, and the diameter of the cap of such mushrooms will be 17.5 cm.

The life span of mushrooms is 13-15 days. After this period of time, the stem of the fungus stops growing, after two days the hat stops growing. At the beginning of the formation of spores, the fungus ages.

Conditions for planting mushrooms in the garden

Mushrooms grow in coniferous forests, as well as in birch groves and in places where oaks and aspens grow. The roots of these trees have a beneficial effect on the growth of mycelium. This feature should be taken into account when planting mushrooms in the garden. It is necessary to plant a mycelium in the garden in the place where spruce or pine grows. The resin of these trees has an antiseptic effect, killing pathogenic infections around.

Borovik does not tolerate neighborhood with fruit trees! Near them, the mycelium of mushrooms does not take root!

If there are no pine trees in the garden, you can place mycelium next to pine tree buildings.

Mushrooms will grow in the garden if you choose the right place away from fruit trees

The technology of growing mushrooms in the cellar at home

For the growth of mushrooms, there is no need to create additional lighting. Accordingly, they can be easily grown at home in the cellar, if you follow the growing technology. Mushrooms grown in the basement will differ from mushrooms grown in their natural habitat only in caps that have a lighter color.

When preparing a room for the growth of mushrooms, it is necessary to adhere to these recommendations:

• floor, walls and ceiling must be concreted;
• walls must be whitewashed with lime blue vitriol. This will prevent infection of the mycelium with all kinds of infections;
• equip additional air ventilation;
• the temperature in the basement should be maintained from +12 to +15 degrees;
• humidity in the basement should be at least 80%. If the humidity is below the required norm, create additional moisture;
• ventilation hatches must be tightened mosquito net to prevent insects from entering the basement.

For growing mushrooms, it is important to prepare the substrate. It may consist of sunflower seed husks, dry corn stalks, or hardwood sawdust. Dry the substrate well so that there are no signs of mold or rot. Treat it with hot water.

For growing mushrooms, it is better to use mycelium grown in a special laboratory. You can try to grow seed material from a mycelium brought from the forest, but in this case a positive result is not guaranteed.

It is best to grow porcini mushrooms in boxes filled with a substrate. To prepare the substrate you will need:

• hay;
• sunflower seed husk;
• sawdust.

Sterilize the substrate and then lay out in layers in boxes. Place the boxes on racks, at a distance of 7 cm from each other. The mushroom picker is deepened into the substrate by 5 cm. The temperature in the room should be 24 degrees, humidity 88%. On this stage there is no need to ventilate the room. After the appearance of the first shoots, reduce the temperature to 10 degrees and begin to ventilate the room.

Watering is carried out twice a day with a spray bottle. Water for irrigation should be warm. Turn on the lights for six hours a day. After 21 days, you can harvest.

Landing with the help of mycelium

If the mycelium was taken in the forest for cultivation in a summer cottage, then it should be borne in mind that it must be planted under a tree of the same breed, otherwise it will not take root. In order to plant a mycelium, it is necessary to remove the top layer of soil under a tree with a radius of 70 cm from the trunk. The depth of the removed layer should be 26-28 cm. Fill the resulting recess with the prepared substrate:

• soil removed under a tree;
• leaves and pine needles;
• bark of a tree under which mycelium is planted.

Cultivation of white mushrooms on an industrial scale

Lay the mycelium on this mixture and sprinkle it on top with soil mixed with sand and pine needles, press lightly. Then pour the soil from the watering can and wait for the first mushrooms to appear.

You can also grow mushrooms from caps. To do this, collect ten mushroom caps with a diameter of 12-14 cm. Hats should not be wormy. Next to the tree where the mushrooms were collected, also collect:

• some soil;
• needles;
• leaves;
• twigs.

This will be needed for sowing. Rinse the collected hats, place in a bucket with spring water, or water collected during rain for 24 hours. After this time, the caps are well kneaded to a homogeneous mass. You can grind them through a sieve. Drain the water separately into a container and start preparing the beds.

The top layer of soil next to the tree must be loosened, poured with water left over from soaking the mushroom caps. After the moisture is absorbed, you need to evenly scatter the frayed hats over the surface, sprinkle with soil taken under this tree and pour water on top. The soil must be constantly moderately watered. Water consumption under one tree -40 liters. Water temperature for irrigation should correspond to the ambient temperature.

Dilution with a solution

To grow mushrooms with a solution, you need to take overripe mushrooms and chop them finely. Add 1 tablespoon of flour and 1 tablespoon of gelatin to chopped mushrooms. Pour water into this mixture, mix everything thoroughly and pour this solution near the trees. When this solution merges with the roots of trees, a fungus root is formed. After two seasons, it will be possible to harvest the first crop of porcini mushrooms.

The method of instillation at their summer cottage

To grow mushrooms in this way, you must:

1. Collect young mushrooms and finely chop them.
2. Drip finely chopped mushrooms next to the tree.
3. Pour abundantly with water. Water consumption per tree is 40 liters.
4. The first harvest can be harvested after 12 months.

A bed prepared for growing mushrooms by instillation

With the help of mycelium in the garden

If the mycelium is purchased in a specialized store, then it can be planted as early as May. Sowing work on sowing mycelium can be carried out until September.

How to plant. Technology for beginners:

1. A growing site must be chosen under a tree, where there is a sufficient level of humidity and lighting. On an area of ​​3 sq. meter, it is necessary to remove 30 cm of the topsoil (the mycelium package is designed for such an area).
2. Line the bottom with a layer pine needles, we put the leaves and bark from the trees under which porcini mushrooms grew. The bedding layer should be at least 10 cm.
3. Sprinkle with manure.
4. Mix the mycelium with sand and sow on the prepared bedding. To prevent washing out of the mycelium, it must be sprinkled with humus on top. The layer of humus must be at least 4.5 cm thick.
5. Water the area with drip irrigation. If there is no such watering, then you can use a watering can.
6. Make sure that the soil in the garden does not dry out.

After some time, a mycelium forms at the landing site. With this method of growing from one place, you can harvest mushrooms for five years.

Reproduction of boletus spores in the garden

If the mushrooms have grown a little, they can be propagated with the help of spores. To do this, you need to take an overripe mushroom, select all the pulp from the cap. It is similar in structure to a sponge. This pulp contains spores of the fungus. Chop the pulp with a knife or grind in a meat grinder to obtain a homogeneous mass. Place the resulting mass in a two-liter bottle, add 3 teaspoons of sugar, 20 grams of baker's yeast, pour this mixture with rain or spring water and place for 10-14 days in a warm and dark place.

Further 150 gr. Dilute the resulting liquid in 10 liters of water, strain through several layers of gauze and pour into a watering can. Spill this solution near growing trees. You can also water a bed of freshly planted strawberries.

In order for the spores to penetrate deep into the soil, it is necessary to shed these areas with rainwater on top. Places where spores have settled must be kept moist. Mushrooms can be harvested next season.

Subject to the technology of growing boletus mushrooms, taking into account the characteristics of growth and adhering to the recommendations, mushroom cultivation is quite realistic.

Ecology of consumption. Homestead: Plant mushrooms. "Who will plant them, these are mushrooms." But you can plant them, checked in practice. The fact is that mushrooms reproduce in two ways. With the help of mycelium (here we are powerless, the main thing is not to harm). And yet - spores that ripen in a hat.

Plant mushrooms. "Who will plant them, these are mushrooms." But you can plant them, checked in practice. The fact is that mushrooms reproduce in two ways. With the help of mycelium (here we are powerless, the main thing is not to harm). And yet - spores that ripen in a hat.

Everyone knows "witch rings" when mushrooms grow like a ring. The explanation here is simple. The hat is round, not far from the ground, the spores pour out "under itself". The following year, fungi grow in a small dense ring. And again, everyone dusts himself. And after 10-15 years, the ring reaches a diameter of 1-2 meters. This effect should be used, especially for the reproduction of mushrooms in the forest, in a summer cottage, an alpine hill.

This is done simply. As a rule, a mushroom picker, having found an old flabby or wormy mushroom, simply leaves it on the ground, and even turns the hat upside down. There is absolutely no point to this. I do so. I take a hat and put it on a spruce branch, or I prick it dry. This kills two birds with one stone.

Firstly, the cap does not rot, but dries, the spores ripen and dust over a large area. You look, and several new foci of mycelium are tied up. Secondly, the mushroom dries. And in winter, at the hungriest time for animals, you look, and it will please any hare, squirrel or bird.

You work - 5 seconds, and the benefits are great. If each mushroom picker at least 20-30 mushrooms "prick" for a trip, then the mushrooms will become more and more, not less and less. Leave the mushrooms to your descendants, do not deprive them of this pleasure.Source - magazine "Do it yourself"

Mushrooms on the plot

It's hard to believe, but up to 30 species of a wide variety of mushrooms can be grown in a garden plot. Of course, some of them settle in our gardens on their own, but we simply don’t notice some of them, we kick others with our feet, considering them to be grebes. However, despite the strong commitment of compatriots to porcini mushrooms, milk mushrooms and similar gifts of the forest, it does not hurt to reconsider our attitude to some of them, which grow literally under our feet, edible and tasty, but unfamiliar.

So, in Europe, the purple leg row is considered one of the most delicious mushrooms. In our area, it grows on potato ridges. The dissonant name of the dung beetle does not detract from the value of this fungus, which can grow on a lawn, in a shady place on manured garden soil. When fried to taste, white shaggy dung beetle leaves behind the most delicious mushrooms. Umbrella mushrooms, ringworms, several types of champignon readily grow on composts. One hat of a motley umbrella is enough for a whole frying pan. And what about shiitake? healing properties this mushroom with a Japanese name is legendary.

My own practical experience confirms that it is possible to grow wild mushrooms in the garden plot - porcini, boletus, butterdish and others.

Very often on garden plots field or forest mushrooms appear by self-sowing. The thin pig is often found in the beds with cucumbers, if they grow nearby: birches. On our lawn, fertilized with a fertile substrate, two types of edible mushroom grow by self-sowing. Sometimes in the gardens there are plentiful milkweeds. violins, morels and other mushrooms.

In addition to forest and field mushrooms, tree mushrooms successfully grow in the open-air garden. -different types oyster mushrooms. mushrooms are summer, autumn and winter, and it's hard to believe. - shiitake. Mushrooms and ringworms can be successfully grown on compost beds. And now let's take a closer look at the mentioned mushrooms and how to grow them in the garden. plot.

Macorrhiza mushrooms

These are mushrooms that live in symbiosis with trees, that is, their fruiting bodies are formed only after the introduction of the mycelium into the roots of trees and the formation of mycorrhiza, or. in other words, mushroom root. That is why many hat mushrooms grow only in the forest. Moreover, often a certain mushroom is confined to a certain tree species, as evidenced by the popular names of these mushrooms: boletus, boletus, boletus, etc. Different mushrooms have different preferences for soil fertility and its acidity.

The relationship between the tree and the fungus in general terms is as follows: the host tree stimulates the growth of the mycelium only if it lacks mineral substances. obtained from the soil. Then the branched hyphae of the fungus begin to supply the tree with mineral salts and water from the upper soil layer in exchange for carbohydrate nutrition in the form of tree sap with sugars. Therefore, white mushrooms are more likely to appear under a birch on poor sandy soil than on fertile soil. The question arises, how to make wild mushrooms grow in the garden?

Porcini

White mushroom, or boletus (Boletus edulis). - tubular mushroom, without a doubt, the most welcome guest, both in the kitchen and in the garden. Its nutritional value and taste can hardly be overestimated. For a person who grew up in Russia, no mushrooms smell as pleasant as dried porcini mushrooms.

It makes no sense to describe the appearance of the porcini fungus, it is not familiar, perhaps, to newborns. But the fact that white mushrooms growing under different trees, differ from each other in appearance, not uninteresting.

Those. that grow under birch trees, the hat is light, the flesh is tender and, according to some mushroom pickers, the most delicious. White mushrooms, growing under spruce, darker. And the most beautiful white mushroom, with a red-brown hat, grows under a pine tree. It is believed that each of these varieties of white fungus forms mycorrhiza only with its own tree species.

White mushroom in terms of dry matter contains 41% protein, which is more than in any other mushroom, and significantly more than in meat (31%).

White mushrooms prefer sandy soils if they grow under birch trees; on fertile soils with a high nitrogen content, their fruiting bodies are formed worse. Although under oaks, which are much more demanding on soil fertility, porcini mushrooms are more likely to grow on rich soil.

The birch form of the white fungus is more common, since there are birches in almost every forest. White fungus prefers to grow under fairly mature trees - from twenty years and older. If they are not there, then it is best to bring young birch trees from the forest, but those that grew near the adult birch, where porcini mushrooms were seen.

In this case, one can hope that the roots of the trees already have mycorrhiza.

It is easier to breed porcini mushrooms in a garden plot if there are adult birches there. I have tested two methods. The first method is simple, but not effective enough. It consists in the usual unfolding of mature mushroom pieces under the leaf litter within a radius of 1.5 m from birch trunks. The second method turned out to be more productive; it is based on the preparation of a suspension of spores isolated from old fungi and their inoculation.

Making a spore suspension at home

From the caps of large mature (and even overripe) porcini mushrooms collected in the forest under birches, you need to separate the tubular layer (hymenophore), where spores are formed, pass this mass through a meat grinder, transfer it to a container with water (1-2 kg of mushroom mass per 10 l of water) and mix thoroughly. Then add 15 g of dry baker's yeast to the mixture, mix again and leave everything to infuse (for convenience, the mixture can be poured into three-liter jars) with room temperature for two weeks. Soon, a foam with pulp particles and small debris forms on the surface of the liquid.

In the middle part of the container there will be a clear liquid, and spores will gather at the bottom with a layer of several centimeters.

The addition of baker's yeast spore suspension is very effective in promoting germination. Yeast is a nutrient substrate, and also contributes to the mixing of the crushed mass of mushroom pulp and the release of spores.

Sunlight falling on the plantation in the morning and in the evening stimulates the fruiting of the white fungus.

The foam from the surface must be carefully removed with a spoon, the water carefully drained, and the sediment with spores from different containers combined into one jar and set to settle for another week. After that, drain the supernatant once more, and pour the remaining suspension with spores into plastic liter bottles and store in the refrigerator.

The finished suspension of spores sometimes acquires a not very pleasant smell, but remains viable for a year.

It is advisable to use the suspension of spores within a month after preparation, since spore activity decreases with prolonged storage.

Sowing spores and caring for a mushroom plantation

Before sowing, the suspension with spores must be diluted with water in a ratio of 1:100. evenly pour the liquid under the birches (you can use a watering can with a strainer) and wait for the harvest. At good care behind the plantation, the fruiting bodies of the white fungus may appear as early as next year. What is this care?

As you know, all mushrooms love high humidity of the soil and air. Therefore, in dry time crops need to be watered and protected from the hot midday sun. In the porcini mushroom growing area, under the trees, it is advisable to plant shrubs or other plants that create a light shade and protect the area from the sun from the south side.

Watering is needed not only during the development of mycelium in the soil, but also after the appearance of fruiting bodies. In the afternoon, when the sun's rays no longer fall on the plantation due to the crowns of trees and shrubs, it is advisable to arrange a mild “mushroom rain”. that is, watering with a fine spray of water heated during the day.

After the night, the mushroom caps are moistened with morning dew, then the moisture evaporates, and at this time the fungus grows, since, along with the evaporation of moisture, nutrients enter it from the mycelium. Then watering and evening drying of the hats also stimulates the growth of the fruiting body.

Soil application mineral fertilizers can provide Negative influence on the development of mycelium, so they should not be used on a mushroom plantation.

Cultivation of white fungus in garden plots with different conditions

In 2006, two different sites were "sown" with a suspension of spores of porcini mushrooms collected in the forest and prepared according to the technology described above: one in the Moscow region, the other in the Tver region. Rarely growing birch trees were present on a plot of two hundred square meters near Moscow different ages, young birches grew on the second plot. Previously, porcini mushrooms were not found in both garden plots. In previous years, pigs, russula and boletus were found on a site in the Tver region. In addition to the different ages of birches on different areas, the differences in conditions were as follows: in 2007, which is considered non-mushroom due to the dry summer, regular irrigation was carried out on the plot near Moscow, while there was no irrigation on the plot in the Tver region. Probably, these reasons led to different results, namely: on the first site, my labors were rewarded with 20 porcini mushrooms for three waves of fruiting in August, on the second - porcini mushrooms did not appear.

Porcini mushrooms and boletus are in a competitive relationship, so it is better to sow their spores in different, isolated areas with birch trees.

Obviously, the presence of old birch trees and regular watering have a beneficial effect on the growth of porcini mushrooms. One of possible causes The absence of mushrooms in the second area, in my opinion, is the presence of the mycelium of the boletus, which is in competition with the white fungus and suppresses the development of its mycelium.

Boletus and boletus

Both of these tubular fungi are widespread in our forests, including those near Moscow. They. undoubtedly popular with compatriots and very tasty.

Boletus (Leccinum) is represented by two species. In commonwealth with aspen, the boletus L. aurantiacum grows - a beautiful mushroom with a red cap and a leg covered with red scales.

Unfortunately, aspen is a rare species of wood in the garden.

Another species of boletus, L. vulpinum, is found under pine trees. It has a darker cap and black scales on the stem. Gardeners, especially in last years, willingly plant pines and other conifers on their plots.

Aspen mushrooms grow better in poor sandy soils than in rich ones.

Fruiting bodies of both species have a bright taste and a strong pleasant smell different from other mushrooms. Aspen mushrooms are little affected by insect larvae and are well stored. This is the perfect mushroom for stir-fry. On the pieces of the mushroom, which partially retain their shape when frying, a delicious crust forms. Fried boletus has a slightly sour taste. Mahra (tubular layer), as a rule, is also suitable for soup and roast. The broth turns out dark, but thin slices of boletus caps with terrycloth become a decoration for mushroom soup.

Many gourmets put the boletus to taste in fried and boiled form in the first place.

Boletus mushrooms have an undeniable advantage over porcini mushrooms and aspen mushrooms: the likelihood of their appearance on the garden plot after sowing is much higher.

Boletus, or common boletus (Lec-cinuni scabrum). tastes closest to porcini mushroom. At a young age, it has a dense pulp and a beautiful velvety hat; in older boletus, the terry becomes loose. This mushroom is in many ways inferior to white fungus and boletus in consistency. Its less dense fruiting body contains more water and does not store well. The legs of the boletus quickly become hard and fibrous. To make the boletus more attractive in dishes, the terry is removed and they are pre-blanched to remove some of the excess water.

With proper care of the boletus plantation, its yields are more frequent and higher than that of the white fungus. With regular moistening of the earth, they can appear under birch trees on their own. In the garden plot, where the growth of mushrooms is under constant supervision, the boletus does not have time to worm, they can be collected in a timely manner, although under natural conditions these mushrooms are strongly affected by insect larvae and quickly deteriorate.

Sowing spores and caring for a mushroom plantation in a garden plot

A joint suspension of boletus and boletus was prepared in the same way as in the case of porcini mushrooms. Boletus spores, when settling in jars, settled in the form of a dark layer. The spores of boletus boletus mostly remained in the mixture with the pulp, precipitating poorly, so it was necessary to use a suspension of spores along with the pulp.

Sowing of boletus and aspen mushrooms was carried out in August 2006 on a garden plot in the Moscow region throughout its territory, except for two acres allocated for white fungus.

In dry times, the soil was regularly moistened, as in a plantation with porcini mushrooms. The mushroom area was sutured from direct sun rays in the daytime due to plantings, but had illumination from the morning and evening sun. When fruiting bodies appeared, watering was daily.

mushroom harvest

Sowing spores, we hoped that the boletus would take root on the roots of pines, and the boletus on the roots of birches. In 2006, one aspen mushroom grew on this site, and in 2007 there were none. They gave boletus big harvests. In fairness, it must be said that boletus came across in this garden plot in 2006 before our sowing. But in the non-mushroom year of 2007, they grew several times more than in the wet mushroom year of 2006.

However, we do not lose hope for good “harvests” of boletus in the future: the appearance of even a single mushroom inspires confidence.

Chanterelles and dry milk mushrooms

Chanterelles and milk mushrooms are also mycorrhizal fungi. These mushrooms have a gnmenophore. where spores ripen, in the form of plates, therefore they are called lamellar. The fox is in symbiosis with conifers trees, although it is also found in deciduous forests, and dry mushrooms form mycorrhiza with birches. Both fungi prefer calcareous soil. The real chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius) grows steadily from June until frost, constantly and everywhere even in a dry year.

In Europe, and in Russia, many prefer chanterelles to other mushrooms. There are reasons for that. They are bright yellow, so they are easy to find. They often come across in groups, so you can pick up a lot of them. Even those who are not particularly versed in mushrooms know that chanterelles are not poisonous. Chanterelles often appear spontaneously in garden plots in the presence of coniferous trees.

Concerning palatability chanterelles, their taste and smell, although mushroom, is weak. They are good in frying, as they are not fried much, but it is better to cook them together with other, more aromatic mushrooms. published

Today, you can pick mushrooms not only in the forest, but also in your own garden. At the same time, in terms of taste and quality characteristics, such a product is in no way inferior to its “wild” counterpart. Grown in your own garden, homemade mushrooms are more environmentally friendly and practically do not succumb to the harmful effects of insects. Breeding a delicacy is easy. The main thing is to comply with all the requirements for their transfer and adaptation to the ground, including natural mycorrhiza - a symbiotic association (coexistence) of the body's mycelium with other plants. What other nuances do you need to know when cultivating mushrooms with your own hands?

Almost any fruit bodies can be bred in the country and in the garden. At the same time, due to the absence of a vegetative period in mushrooms, they can be grown all year round, except for winter. But in order for the home cultivation of mushrooms to be successful, it is necessary to properly organize a new environment and growing conditions for them. First of all, we are talking about the choice of a place for planting fruiting bodies, the quality of the soil and the presence of tree varieties similar to the forest microclimate - pine, spruce, aspen, birch, oak. This allows the mycelium to freely connect with the root system of the plant, fully feed and utilize excess moisture.

The most successful options for growing edible forest mushrooms in a personal plot are:

• oyster mushrooms;
• milk mushrooms;
• Polish mushrooms;
• aspen mushrooms or redheads;
• white mushrooms or mushrooms;
• boletus;
• yellow chanterelles;
• boletus ordinary;
• flywheels chestnut or brown mushrooms;
• russula-breasts;
• mushrooms;
• honey mushrooms;
• Champignon.

Also, exotic types of fruiting bodies, such as truffles, lend themselves well to breeding in the country. The method of cultivation of mushrooms is almost the same, with the exception of the individual varietal characteristics of the product.

Growing technology

In the case of proper planting of mushrooms and favorable conditions for their growth, the first harvest can be expected in 1–2 months for champignons, or next year for porcini mushrooms, boletus and other species. The duration of the fruiting of the mycelium is from 3 to 5 years. At the same time, from 1 m² the amount of the harvested crop reaches from 2 to 4 kg.

Breeding methods

For the cultivation of wild mushrooms in the garden, several methods are used, ideally suited both for the purpose of obtaining seedlings and tubers, and for direct cultivation of mushroom plantations.

Diving forest mycelium

For planting, it is necessary to deliver a carefully dug mycelium to the site from the forest. The rhizome should be transferred very carefully, making sure that the earth in it is not shaken, and the vegetative body is not deformed. Before planting, the soil must be specially prepared. To do this, it is necessary to remove 30-40 cm of the top layer of soil and put compost on the bottom of the resulting small pit. After that, the mycelium can be placed at the planting site. Upon completion, the fruiting body should be watered and covered with a layer of fallen leaves. For the best growth of mushrooms, the place of their transplantation should coincide with the previous environment. That is, correspond to the same tree as the parent tree.

Sprouting through mycelium

Represents the most popular method of cultivation of mushrooms. Produced in granular form and sold in garden stores. For planting mycelium, the soil is carefully prepared. A place for mushrooms is chosen in a shady and humid area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe site, at a distance of about 60 cm from the tree, with which the fruiting body will later come into contact. The total sown area of ​​the mycelium is determined by its quantity in the package.

The preparation of the substrate includes the creation of a special substrate from needles, dust, sawdust and leaves, which are laid on the bottom of the previously prepared hole, up to 50 cm deep. The mycelium is mixed with the ground and a growth stimulator, after which the resulting mixture is evenly distributed over the surface of the substrate and covered with soil. The bed is carefully watered and covered with fallen leaves. An alternative to natural compost can be a ready-made mushroom substrate.

A similar method of planting mycelium requires regular loosening of the site and compliance with the irrigation regime. It is very important not to allow the soil to dry out, therefore, in dry seasons, drip irrigation of the mycelium is allowed. With proper implementation of all work, the result in the form of the first harvest can be observed already next year, and the mycelium will bear fruit for at least 2 years.

Reproduction through mushroom seedlings (solution)

A simple and affordable way to cultivate forest mushrooms. The seed mixture is prepared from mushroom pieces and caps finely ground in a meat grinder, which, after grinding, must be insisted in water for a day. The substance is placed in a bed fertilized with compost, after which it is covered with a layer of earth and leaves.

Growing by spores

The most straightforward method. It consists in dispersing fungal spores around the site. To do this, overripe fruit bodies collected in the forest are crushed to the state of crumbs or small pieces and scattered throughout the garden. The sowing zone itself is well moistened. The method is very effective, as it allows you to create as close to forest conditions as possible. But you should be careful and place mushroom zones away from garden crops.

In the absence of forest trees on the plot, fruiting bodies can be planted from the shady side of wooden buildings. Particular attention should be paid to the mycelium in the cold season, protecting it with roofing material or polyethylene.

In order for the labor spent to give its results, and for the cultivation of edible forest mushrooms to be maximized, adhere to the following recommendations:

• It is better to collect young fruiting bodies for sowing without cutting the stalk, but taking it out of the ground entirely with the root.
• When choosing mushrooms for further cultivation, pay attention to the mother tree under which they grow.
• Collected mushrooms must be healthy.
• In order for the mycelium to take root better, you can add a little alcohol (4 tablespoons per bucket) or sugar (45–50 g) to the aqueous solution with mushrooms.
• Process the collected mushrooms no later than 10 hours after their collection. Sowing material to produce the next day. Only fresh fruiting bodies are cultivated, frozen mushrooms are not suitable for breeding.
• Before planting, it is imperative to clean the soil prepared for the mycelium from pathogenic microflora by disinfecting it with a disinfectant solution based on oak bark or black tea.
• Mycelium should be planted at a distance of about 0.5 m from the trees.
• To avoid drying out of the mycelium, a planting site should be chosen in the shade with a high humidity coefficient.