Convenient and comfortable accommodation is a guarantee have a nice rest and the well-being of all its inhabitants. But when buying an apartment, especially in the houses of the old stock, many people are faced with an uncomfortable and impractical layout of the bathroom.

You can combine a bathroom with a toilet by demolishing an adjacent wall. In the combined room it is necessary to leave one and one lamp.

Attention: if a pipe passes along an adjacent wall, then its transfer should be carried out exclusively by specialists, and only after agreement.

An example of combining a toilet and a bathroom - redevelopment is difficult when pipe relocation is required

Ways to arrange small bathrooms

Consider several layout options for typical bathrooms, up to 5 sq. m.

Option 1:

instead of a sitting bath, a shower cabin is installed;
the washbasin and toilet are made angular.

Layout example small bathroom in Khrushchev

Option 2:

leave a full bath;
the toilet bowl is hidden in the wall;
under the washbasin, a cabinet is installed for storing various accessories;

Advice: can be hung over the sink large mirror to visually expand the space.

Small bathroom with full bath tub

Option 3:

a corner tank is installed in one of the corners, you can use a mini-bath with a jacuzzi;
there is a washing machine near the door;
on the opposite wall is a washbasin;
near the sink there is a toilet bowl, the tank of which is hidden in a niche.

A corner bath of an interesting shape will be the highlight of a small bathroom

Outcome

Convenient layout of the bathroom is a guarantee of comfort for all family members. Therefore, more and more small bathrooms and toilets are combined into one room. If the redevelopment is done according to all the rules and regulations, you can enjoy the convenience and safety of your bathroom.

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Kinds
Choice
Installation
Finishing
Repair
Installation
Device
Cleaning

Furnishing the bathroom

In the design of a house or apartment, an important place is occupied by a bathroom, as well as the placement of plumbing fixtures in it. In this room, you need to properly install plumbing, sewerage and electrical wiring. Even before the start of equipping or re-equipping the bathroom, it is necessary to carefully measure the room and think over the hot and cold water supply systems, the location of the drainage pipes, outline the locations of sockets and switches, furniture and plumbing. Before starting all the work related to big changes in the bathroom, a plan is developed.

Before starting the arrangement of the bathroom, it is necessary to develop a plan, taking into account all the measurements of the room.

For some work on the redevelopment of the bathroom, permission from the local technical inventory authorities will be required.

Some terms

When arranging the bathroom, it is necessary to observe the optimal distances for washing and wiping with a towel.

The area, size and equipment of the bathroom can be very diverse. And they call this corner of the dwelling in different ways:

A bathroom is a washroom with a washbasin and a toilet. It can accommodate a urinal and a bidet.
Bathroom - necessarily has a bath or jacuzzi, washbasin, place for a washing machine, possibly a shower.
Toilet - a room with a toilet without a washbasin.
Combined bathroom - a room in which plumbing for a bathroom and a bathroom is located.

When planning a bathroom, some norms of the minimum allowable area should be considered:

toilet - 1.2 sq.m;
bathroom - 1.5 sq.m;
bathroom - 3.3 sq.m;
combined bathroom - 3.8 sq.m;
the height of the premises - from 2.5 m.

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Regulatory requirements

Depending on the size of the bathroom, it is necessary to choose the most suitable type of bathtub.

To properly place plumbing in the bathroom, you should follow some rules governing the location of the equipment:

the distance from the door to the shower or bath is at least 70 cm;
distance from shower or bath to hangers and heated towel rail - 50-70 cm;
from the door to the toilet or bidet - 60 cm;
to the left and right of the toilet and bidet - at least 25 cm;
from the washbasin to the wall - at least 20 cm;
from the washbasin to the bidet or toilet - at least 25 cm;
from the floor to the washbasin - at least 80 cm;
from the door to the washbasin - 70 cm;
between the bidet and the toilet - 35-45 cm;
from a shower or bath to a washbasin - 30 cm;
from the floor to the holder for toilet paper- 60-70 cm;
the size of the shower cabin is at least 90x90 cm.

After installing all the equipment in the bathroom, there must be at least 170 cm of free space. It is necessary for changing clothes, for carrying out foot procedures and other actions.

Furniture and shelves in the bathroom should have rounded corners for safety reasons.

It is desirable to hide pipes and wires in the wall, but this is not always possible. Can't break bearing walls. At the planning stage of a bathroom renovation, this issue must be carefully considered. Even the door with its fittings, hooks, hangers and shelves require attention.

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The choice of plumbing

The range of plumbing equipment today is very wide. Only the financial possibilities of homeowners and the size of the premises for its installation can limit its choice. Before purchasing new plumbing, you should carefully consider its dimensions and installation schemes. Without this data, it is impossible to correctly install pipes for faucets, toilets, showers and bathtubs. When planning a bathroom, you should take into account the location of existing communications. In good plumbing salons, you can use a special program to arrange on a computer monitor different models equipment and choose the most convenient and profitable option for yourself. This service is provided free of charge. To do this, you need to know all the dimensions of your bathroom in length, width and height.

First of all, you need to decide on the choice of the type of toilet bowl. It can be floor or wall mounted. wall system is reliable, stable, compact and easy to use. It can withstand a weight of 350 kg or more. It has modern look, saves toilet space. Installation is required to install such a toilet. This is a special system for installing suspended plumbing. It includes a metal frame, fixings, recessed into the wall flush tank. The installation allows you to hide pipes and valves, saving a lot of free space. Standard floor-standing toilets are sold in sizes 44x65 cm and 36x65 cm, bidets - 40x60 or 37x54 cm.

The washbasin can be in the form of a bowl on a leg. Hiding in the legs water pipes, siphons, plums. There are sinks built into a chest of drawers or a cabinet. A mirror may be included. The corner sink allows you to place more shelves and cabinets next to it. There are other washbasin options.

An outlet next to the mirror is needed in any case. It is useful when using a razor and a hairdryer, you can connect a sconce and washing machine. It is better to install several of them. They must be waterproof concealed wiring. The degree of protection is not lower than IP44 with grounding.

Showers are of several types. It is installed above the bathtub, in a cubicle or just on the wall. Very often the shower head and hose are included in the faucet set.

Faucets in the bathroom should be functional, easy to use and fit into the interior. The most popular models are single-lever. They are easy to use. The pressure of the water jet and its temperature are regulated by one lever. Two-valve mixers regulate the pressure and temperature of the water with two separate valves. There are faucets available for sale. electronic control. They supply water automatically when you bring your hands to the faucet and when you enter the shower. best material for the production of mixers - brass. On top of the brass can be covered with a layer of decorative material.

When purchasing a mixer-thermostat, it must be remembered that the supply hot water it should be mounted on the left, and cold - on the right. According to domestic standards, the opposite is true: cold water is served on the left pipe, hot - on the right.

The bathtub can be made of cast iron, steel or acrylic. Shapes and sizes are very different. Standard bath sizes are from 75-80x160 cm to 75-80x170 cm.

non-standard corner bath makes room for furniture washing machine. To install such plumbing, the correct supply of all pipes and electrical wires. Corner baths come in sizes 150x150 or 160x160 cm.

Installing a shower cabin saves space in the bathroom. Such equipment takes up little space, reduces water consumption, it is hygienic, looks stylish. A shower cabin can have a hydro shower and a hydro sauna, a variety of shapes and colors. Her standard sizes- from 80x80 to 100x100 cm.

A heated towel rail is installed in the bathroom. It can be water, electric and combined. The form is in the form of a ladder, serpentine, resembling a spring or a horseshoe. Each of these designs involves the supply of hot water or electricity to it.

Having modern Construction Materials and the latest plumbing, you can make an impeccable repair, showing imagination, skill and good taste. The larger the area of the room, the easier it is to implement your design ideas.

Area in 4 sq. one meter cannot be called roomy, but for urban buildings of the last century it is quite an acceptable size, then it was enough to install a bath and a washbasin to satisfy the needs of the owners. Today, the consumer is more demanding and tries to accommodate a shower cabin, a washing machine, a bidet, an installation with a toilet bowl and a sink in 4 squares. The builders of the last century, when calculating the footage of a hygienic room, did not even imagine the sanitary possibilities of today.

How to fit everything?

Modern man appreciates comfort. In a small room, in addition to the usual sink and bath, you need to fit at least a washing machine. The top of design art lies in the ability to install as many items as possible in a limited area without violating the harmony of things.

You can go to drastic measures and combine a bathroom with a bathroom. For those to whom this option seems unacceptable, you should choose the right plumbing and arrange it taking into account every centimeter of usable area. It is even more difficult to organize space if in 4 square meters. m already combined toilet and bathroom.

4 m2 is a common option for bathrooms. Designers have developed certain techniques in the design of such premises.

On initial stage even before repair, it is necessary to measure and sketch the room. Mark front door and supply of communications. Decide what plumbing is needed, mark it on the drawing. During repair work you may need to go deep into the wall, make a small niche so that the bath can fit. Sometimes it is necessary to transfer the drain points, create zonal partitions.

If the room is square (2x2 m), the bath can be placed anywhere. In rectangular rooms, in order to place plumbing and furniture, it is better to define it under a smaller wall. For those who like to take a shower, it is worth considering the option with a shower cabin, it is practical and takes up less space.
Sometimes the washbasin can be neglected, its functions will be performed by the bath. If you need a sink, and it does not fit well, you can slightly push it over the bath, or replace it with miniature counterparts.

A toilet suspended on the installation will help save meters.
For some interiors, corner plumbing is well suited. This technique also applies to furniture. You can hang a bookcase or shelves above the bathroom in a corner.

The classic method of placing a washing machine or cabinet is under the washbasin.
In small bathrooms, it is necessary to maximize the use of vertical space above the bathtub, cabinet, sink, washing machine. They are filled with hanging furniture, shelves, mirrors, towel hooks.

If there is a niche, it can be used for open shelves or a closed cabinet. The design, made in the color of the overall finish, will merge with the walls and will not reduce the space. The mezzanine above the door, on the contrary, will distort the geometry of the room.
In some cases, for optimal interior planning, you have to move the front door.

There are rules for the visual preservation of space. One of them: getting rid of trifles. A lot of small items practically “eat up” free meters. Cosmetics, washing powders, washcloths, detergents should hide in shelves and cabinets, and not take up free space on the washing machine, tub sides and sinks.
Clever use of reflective surfaces can save the day. A wall-to-wall mirror above the bathroom will visually double the room, especially if it is opposite the door.

We adapt to the form

Bathrooms with an area of 4 squares can differ significantly from each other. The difference significantly affects their occupancy with plumbing and furniture. Successful layouts square or rectangular rooms are considered with a slight difference in the footage of the walls. It is more difficult to create interiors in rooms with irregular geometry. We have to find baths of a peculiar configuration, use corner plumbing and custom-made furniture. Narrow long rooms with an entrance door on the shortened side can be considered catastrophic. The bath is opposite the door, and it is difficult to put anything under two long walls without damaging the passage.

The rational arrangement of the situation is significantly affected by the front door, in some cases it has to be moved.

In square rooms with a side-shifted door, a bathtub or shower cabin is installed against the opposite wall or diagonally in the corner. A sink and a toilet bowl are placed on the right and left sides of the bath. With a central location of the door, the bath is installed on the right or left. The opposite part of the room can be occupied by the rest of the plumbing.

In a rectangular room with a side door, a bath or shower is mounted opposite the entrance, and a washing machine, sink, and toilet are placed under the long walls. The central entrance makes it possible to arrange plumbing rationally on both sides. For rectangular rooms, it is always better to place the bath on the smaller side, this will make it possible to fully build the rest of the plumbing.

Choice of layout

Bathroom having an area of 4 square meters, often combined with a toilet. In addition to the bathroom, washbasin and washing machine, it is necessary to place a toilet bowl. IN ideal it is better to separate these zones with a light partition. You can use the installation or the wall of the shower stall as a zoning.

Sometimes, for convenience, the toilet is installed in a corner. In especially cramped cases, it helps not to touch the walls. Having square area premises, you can place a bath to the right of the door (it will occupy the entire wall), install a washing machine to the left at the entrance. A toilet bowl is mounted in the far left part of the room. A washbasin with a small cabinet and a mirror will occupy the wall opposite the door.

An example of an unsuccessful bathroom layout is a narrow rectangle with an entrance from a shortened side. Opposite the door can be placed small bath. To form a passage, the rest of the plumbing will have to be placed in one line. Such an environment will not add coziness to the room, but will make it look like a warehouse of things. A niche in the far left corner resolved the situation, a washbasin was installed in it, and a washing machine was placed under the right wall opposite. A similar layout option is not combined with a bathroom.

The bathtub occupies the left wall from the door. On the right is a washbasin with a spacious cabinet, behind which there is a light drywall partition, zoning bathroom. There was no space for a washing machine in this layout.

The bathroom has the shape of a classic rectangle. The entrance divides the wall almost in half. On the left is a corner bath with glass partition. On the right, a washing machine took its place, and a sink and a toilet were located against the wall opposite the door. All plumbing has a conditionally united smooth line, which improves appearance rooms.

A room with complex geometry: two walls make an angle of 90 degrees, and the third goes to the side at a large angle. A diverse selection of bathtubs in the sanitary ware markets allows you to choose any non-standard model. This will not only solve the problem of the layout of the room, but also make it possible to purchase a bath with a large volume. The wall opposite the door is occupied by a sink with a spacious cabinet.

Narrow rectangular bathroom with shower. In front of the door long wall exposed washbasin with countertop and washing machine.

Ergonomic Secrets

The main tasks of ergonomics are safety, functionality and comfort. It is better for ergonomic furniture and plumbing to have smooth, rounded shapes. Tiles on the floor must not slip. It is necessary that the glass of the shower cubicle is durable, does not give fragments when damaged.

The bathroom is so small that it is difficult to meet all the standard dimensions in it. For example, it is not always possible to maintain a distance of 75 cm between all pieces of furniture and plumbing (half the parameters between the bidet and the toilet are allowed).

From the bathtub to the sink, a length of 30 cm is required. But sometimes, due to tightness, the washbasin literally “runs over” the bath. In this case, you should make sure that there are no objects around that you can hit when leaning into the water, or touch them with your elbow when brushing your teeth. Cabinets, chests of drawers, countertops should not exceed one meter in height. If the toilet is not hanging on the installation, the distance between it and the wall is 30-50 cm, and in front of the toilet - at least 50 cm.

The laws of ergonomics must meet the psychophysical characteristics of the owner, and literally everything should be taken into account in creating the interior: color, finishing material, lighting.

materials

There are not so many options for using materials for finishing the bathroom, it is necessary to use waterproof structures. Suitable for these purposes tile, waterproofing acrylic paint, plastic panels, stone.

For the floor, tiles with a rough texture are selected, such a surface is able to minimize slip. The selected small drawing will dissolve the boundaries of the territory.

When working on walls, large ornaments or decor images should be avoided. Mosaic, on the contrary, is welcome. For the optical expansion of the walls, you should choose a horizontal pattern, with low ceilings vertical stripes will help.

The room will be made more voluminous by glossy surfaces, this should be taken into account when choosing a finishing material. reflective effect stretch ceiling double the room.

Transparent partitions and room zoning different types materials will also create the illusion of space.

Color solutions

Tonality plays a big role in the visual expansion of the territory. Black color brings, and white - removes, visually pushes the boundaries of space. The dark walls of a small room turn it into an oppressive box from which you want to escape. Space and airiness create precisely bright hues: blue, cream, milky, pale lilac.

Hosts with an energetic character can dilute the calm light shades of the interior with bright, flashy accents.

The disadvantages of the room can be corrected by a combination of contrasts. Light walls with a dark ceiling will give volume to the room, but at the same time will land it. Dark walls with a light ceiling will stretch the space, but make it narrower.

The theme of minimalism is well suited for small bathrooms. The absence of decor and trifles, focuses on the overall styling of the space, does not distract small items. This direction is characterized by black and white colors. When designing a small room, it is worth giving preference white color, and send black as an auxiliary. A reasonable dosage of black will emphasize elegance, and the privilege of light will lighten the interior.

Lighting

Bright light combined with light finishing material makes the room spacious and positive. In addition to the central lamp, several spotlights are installed. With low ceilings, you can put spotlights around the perimeter of the room and do without a chandelier.

The main thing is not to create shadows. LED backlight equip hanging cabinets, but it can also be used in the design of the ceiling. This is an economical type of lamps, reminiscent of sunlight.

You should not forget about the humidity of the room and buy lighting fixtures with this feature in mind. Only with very high ceilings can you afford a hanging chandelier, in other cases it is better to mount the lamps in the ceiling. With the help of highlights, you can highlight areas, for example, a shower or a bathroom.

Compact accessories

For small bathrooms the best option will use the installation. For sustainable metal structure you can fix the toilet and bidet on one side, the washbasin on the other. The installation is sheathed with plasterboard and covered with tiles or other finishing material. A similar false wall separates the toilet from the bathroom. All supplies and pipes are mounted in the installation, only plumbing, floating in the air, remains in sight. This setting looks spectacular. In addition, it is easy to clean under attachments. If a zoning partition is not needed, the installation can be built into the wall.

Bath in 4 sq. meters, it is better to install a rectangular, full-length short wall. A triangular bath is played well with a corner toilet located diagonally. In rare cases, three corners are used, connecting another corner sink. This interior looks original and impressive.

Many people replace bathtubs with showers, this helps save some space. For those who like to take a bath and shower at the same time, there are shower boxes. This design is stuffed with all sorts of comfortable elements in the form of hydromassage, steam room, tropical rain, aromatherapy devices and more.

The long-awaited renovation in the bathroom is completed, and the owners of an apartment or house face the question of how to properly position the plumbing. After all, it should create comfort and at the same time be located in accordance with sanitary standards. The most dimensional element is the bath, for which you need to choose the optimal location in the room.

Standards for the placement of plumbing

Bathroom equipment and furniture are arranged not just like that, but in accordance with regulated standards. This is necessary to ensure proper water supply and drain installation. When planning a bathroom renovation, wires, water and sewer pipes, outlets for lighting fixtures, sockets are mounted taking into account the future location of plumbing.

First of all, a toilet is installed if the bathroom and toilet are combined. It should be as close as possible to sewer pipes for easy cleaning in case of blockage. According to the requirements, the correct location of plumbing involves maintaining a certain distance:

The optimal location of the bath from the door is 70 cm.
From the bathtub to the heated towel rail, hangers - 50-70 cm.
The toilet or bidet is located 60 cm from the door.
The location of the bathtub from the washbasin is 30 cm.
From the washbasin to the toilet (bidet) - 25 cm.
Washbasin - 80 cm from the floor, 70 cm from the door.

Given the indicated distances, the location in the bathroom of all plumbing will not only be correct, but also comfortable. You need to carefully measure the dimensions of the room to choose a bath optimal shape- round, angular, oval. The premises are classified depending on the size and height of the ceiling into a bathroom, a combined bathroom, a toilet and a bathroom. It differs from other rooms in dimensions. The area of the bathroom should be from 3.3 sq.m., the location of the bathtub, washbasin, washing machine and shower is typical. A combined bathroom is a common version of a room with a toilet, where there is a toilet.

Installation features by room type

Premises for water-hygienic procedures differ in size and shape. Given this factor, they choose plumbing and the optimal location of the bath in the bathroom. Installation Features:

Narrow and long room. Plumbing is conveniently placed along the walls, as in the photo. On the opposite side - a heated towel rail, sockets, a tulip, a lamp, a mirror. It remains a convenient passage and access to all equipment. If the width of a small room is more than 150 cm, the bath is mounted under a short wall, if less than 150 cm - under a long one.
Dimensional room. There is enough space to install a bath in the center, as in the photo. This creates a complete feeling of comfort. Plumbing on legs looks perfect. One condition is to bring pipes to the bath under the floor to hide communications. In a spacious room, a bath is mounted anywhere, you need a lamp on the wall and an overhead light, sockets for a boiler and a washing machine.
Rectangular room. Correct location bathroom - in the corner along the wall. This will save space in a small space. Next to the bathroom, a washbasin with a mirror and a lamp will comfortably fit, and at some distance - furniture or a washing machine. The correct location of the toilet is on the opposite side of the room, as in the photo.
Small square room. In such a room it is generally difficult to place a full-fledged bath, and many prefer showers. But not everyone likes water procedures shower only. Therefore, in the corner of a small square room, it is rational to place a semicircular corner bath, shown in the photo. So you can save space for a washbasin, a tulip with a lamp and small mirror, heated towel rail.

When choosing a place for installing a bath, you need to consider where the communication pipes pass. If redevelopment of the premises is required, permits must be obtained from the relevant authorities. To avoid paperwork and wasting a lot of time, it is better to choose plumbing of a suitable shape and install the bath in the place of the provided drain.

Where to put a feng shui bath

One of fashion trends, which more and more homeowners adhere to when arranging rooms, is the teaching of Feng Shui. Someone puts a bed according to Feng Shui, someone makes the front door with the side recommended by the fashionable teaching. And some people install a feng shui bath to get the energy of water.

You can consider a photo of the location of the bathroom, the features of which are as follows:

Room for water-hygienic procedures. The correct location on the north side of the house or apartment is in the direction of the water element.
The shape of the bath, so that it matches the ideas of Feng Shui, should be round, oval or semi-circular, the toilet is hidden from view.
The color palette of furniture, accessories and plumbing is mostly light, white, pastel, soft blue or green.
Bright, but not dazzling lighting is very important. If the room has a window, this is ideal.
According to Feng Shui, the location of plumbing in the bathroom should be such that from anywhere in the room a person sees the incoming person and does not turn their backs to the door.

According to fashionable oriental teachings, the bathroom should not contain objects that prevent the passage of good qi energy and unnecessary things. Is it worth it to arrange plumbing according to Feng Shui or according to recommended sanitary standards, to be decided only by homeowners.

Emphasis should be placed on convenience, comfort and correct system connecting water supply and sewerage, and then - on the aesthetic component of the design of the room.

In order for plumbing equipment to work properly, it is important to place it correctly vertically and horizontally.

To facilitate the non-calculated design of a plumbing installation, regulatory documentation has been developed in which most of the answers to these serious questions can be found.

In addition to the correct operation of plumbing equipment, the standards for its placement are aimed at ease of use - ergonomics, especially in cases where people with disabilities or the elderly live in the house. For these categories, regulatory documents give more specific recommendations or requirements, including the size auxiliary premises and door positions.

Normative documents

The main documents worth studying for the layout and equipment of the bathroom and toilet:

SNiP 2.08.01–89.
SNiP 3.05.01–85.
SN 478–80 (when wiring with plastic pipes).
SP 40-103-98 and VSN 69-97 (when wiring with metal-polymer pipes).
SP 40-102-2000 (when wiring with polymeric materials).
SP 40-108-2004 (for wiring with copper pipes).

Recommended distances when determining the place of installation of plumbing are indicated in SNiP 3.05.01–85. European and American standards (DIN and NKBA) almost coincide with Russian standards, and in the USA the height is slightly higher, and in Asian countries, on the contrary, a little lower.

Requirements of regulatory documentation for the placement of plumbing in the toilet and bathroom

The main document when placing plumbing is SNiP 3.05.01–85. He declares:

sequence of work;
hole sizes when laying pipes through walls and ceilings;
connection types steel pipes;
recommendations for pipe fastenings;
requirements for the installation height of sanitary equipment;
test requirements.

Placement of bathrooms and toilet rooms over residential premises is not allowed. Above the kitchen, if necessary two-storey houses and apartments - allowed.

The size of the toilet should not be less than 0.8x1.2 (WxD) m. For families with a disabled person, the dimensions of the premises cannot be less than:

toilet with washbasin - 1.6x2.2 m;
bathroom or combined bathroom - 2.2x2.2 m.

Data on the installation height of the water intake fittings in private houses (from the horizontal axis of the fittings to plumbing) are summarized in Table 1.

Table 1

Installation	Reference point	Height
Faucets and mixer taps	from the sides of the sink	250 mm
	from the side of the sink	200 mm
	from clean floor	800 mm (for bath taps and bath mixers)
Toilet taps and faucets	from the side of the washbasin	200 mm
Toilet taps and faucets	from clean floor	800 mm
General bath and washbasin faucet	from clean floor	to the top of the board 850 mm
Faucets for viduars with oblique outlet		800 mm (ship emptying equipment)
Viduar faucets with direct outlet		1000 mm (ship emptying equipment)
Shower faucets		1200 mm
Shower net from bottom edge	from a clean floor or bottom of a pallet	2100-2200 mm (public)
Shower net from bottom edge	from a clean floor or bottom of a pallet	1700–1850 mm (for the disabled)

* When installing taps and faucets directly on the sink (sink), the installation height is determined by the design of the devices.

Installation of a bathtub and a washbasin with a common faucet

Data on the height of the installation of drainage from sanitary appliances in private homes are summarized in table 2.

table 2

Sanitary appliances	Reference point	Height from the level of the finished floor, with an accuracy of ± 20 mm
Washbasins	to the top of the board	800 mm (average value, selected taking into account the growth of family members)
Sinks and sinks	to the top of the board	850 mm (average value, selected taking into account the growth of family members)
Baths	to the top of the board	600 mm
Wall and tray urinals	to the top of the board	650 mm (average value, selected taking into account the growth of family members)
shower trays	to the top of the board	400 mm
Washing machine		600–700 mm
Hanging drinking fountains	to the top of the board	900 mm
Flush tank high "English" toilet	to the bottom of the tank	1 800 mm
Side-mounted toilet		180-190 mm (from model)
Wall hung toilet		220–240 mm
toilet paper holder		600–700 mm, in relation to the toilet - 200–300 mm ahead

The data given in this table are advisory in nature. Most installation dimensions can be found in the factory mounting card for each model, which is accompanied by serious manufacturers. When planning the purchase of equipment, you need to study the available offers and the possibilities of their connection. So, some toilet manufacturers provide several options for mounting their equipment.

Permissible deviations in the height of free-standing devices - ± 20 mm, groups of the same type - ± 5 mm

Requirements for the installation of internal sewerage:

sockets of fittings and pipes are mounted against the flow;
joints cast iron pipes insulated with tarred hemp with caulking cement mortar;
it is desirable to mount the outlet of the toilet bowl directly to the outlet pipe, in last resort- through a branch pipe (cast iron, PE) or a coupling (rubber);
when installing a toilet bowl with a direct outlet, the socket of the outlet pipe is installed flush with the floor;
installation of the toilet bowl is permissible on screws (with a rubber gasket under the base) or glue;
the flush pipe of the urinal tray is installed at an angle of 45°, downwards towards the wall.

Installation of the frame of the attached toilet bowl with a hidden cistern and bidet

SNiP 2.08.01–89 and departmental norms standardize minimum, maximum or optimal dimensions horizontally with the location of plumbing equipment:

between the bidet and the toilet - at least 0.25 m, but not so far as to reduce ergonomics - no more than 0.45 m;
in front of the toilet, the bidet should be an open space - from 0.6 m;
on both sides of the toilet bowl, the bidet should have free space - from 0.25 m;
there should be an open space in front of the bathroom, shower cabin - from 0.7 m;
in front of the washbasin, the free area should be WxD - at least 0.7x1.1 m, when the washbasin is located in a niche - at least 0.7x0.95 m;
the recommended distance from the bath / cabin to the washbasin is 0.3 m;
the recommended distance from the bath / cabin to the heated towel rail is 0.5–0.4 m.

Optimal placement of washbasin and mirror

Recommendations for equipment placement, water supply to faucets, drain diameters

At the construction design stage, you need to think about the number of bathrooms - toilets and bathrooms, for the correct placement of risers and taking into account loads. If the house is large and guest rooms are planned, or several generations of the family live in the house - parents, children, grandchildren, then it makes sense to organize more than one bathroom. The guest bathroom can contain only a toilet bowl and a washbasin, the master bathrooms are equipped with an additional bath or shower.

A lot of useful information on the installation of plumbing and ready-made layouts for various occasions can be found in Ernst Neufert's encyclopedia " Building design". This will be especially useful for those who do not have significant areas of the bathroom and toilet room.

When placing equipment, sometimes you just need to rely on common sense. So, in most cases, the bath is located along one of the walls or in the corner, but if the area allows, you can install it as an island by wiring in a hidden channel in the floor or floor box. The minimum area of the bathroom dictates the installation of a corner shower or a sit-down bath. When designing a bathroom with natural light, the size, placement and type of window glazing must be taken into account.

The longer the bath, the smaller it can be

The mirror is usually installed above the washbasin. If the mirror is located on the cabinet door, it must be located above the top point of the faucet spout. When installing two separate washbasins in a room, the distance between them should not be less than 90 cm, otherwise simultaneous use will be difficult. At the same time, it is convenient to place a heated towel rail or a towel holder between the washstands.

Consider the presence of shelves and cabinets, a washing machine, a basket for dirty laundry, outlet outlets (if necessary). A bathroom can be very functional even if it is small.

Bathroom and toilet layout

Combined bathroom layout

Bathroom layout example

Economic Location corner shelves and washbasin

Left / right - how to correctly connect cold and hot water to the mixer

Traditionally, water supply to faucets is carried out for right-handers and taking into account the fact that the cold water tap is used more often: on the right - cold water, on the left - hot. In addition, this arrangement is safer for right-handed children - there is less risk of accidentally scalding hot water(Note to parents whose children are left-handed!).

And yet, in most cases, this arrangement is a matter of habit, especially if the supplies are made with flexible hoses. However, thermostatic faucets must be connected correctly, otherwise they will not work. Some manufacturers equip their models with replaceable thermostatic cartridges, which allows you to “switch” an incorrectly connected mixer without dismantling the installation with hidden wiring.

thermostatic mixer

For proper drainage, the diameters of the sewer drains must correspond to the drain flow or connecting diameters from the plumbing equipment. Data on the minimum diameters of the drain pipes are given in table 3.

Table 3