Roof installation is the final stage of construction. There are about a dozen main and more than a hundred other subtypes of roofs. The configuration of the house often limits the owner's choice. However, if possible, then it is worth paying attention to the issue of visual design of the roof. Fancy roof can decorate Vacation home, cottage or cottage. In order to draw up a project of a supporting structure, it is necessary to involve professionals in the field of construction and design, as well as experienced workers who can cope with a task of any complexity. All decisions must be rational. It is necessary to meet the budget, take into account climatic features, think about the role of the attic space, take care of reliability and appearance. For a roof, characteristics such as tightness, strength, stability and functionality are important.
Classification and options for the execution of roofs of private houses
Before making a choice among the variety of materials and forms of execution, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the nuances of the structure of roofs and their functional features. Among the main criteria that form the classification of roofs are the type and general design of the structure, slope, finishing materials. The roof is attic and non-attic, flat and pitched. Flat roofs do not differ in variety, but the second type is divided into many subtypes, such as conical, domed, hipped, mansard, multi-gabled, hip, gable and shed. The purpose, advantages and disadvantages of each of them must be studied in detail. First of all, durability, cost and performance are taken into account. A large number of houses with beautiful designer roofs are built every year in the world, so it is worth using imagination in the design process.
When developing a roof scheme for a building of complex geometry, it is necessary to single out the main and adjacent parts of the roof.
Shed
The roof of a private house with one slope looks very simple. This type of construction is rarely used, but it can be seen on simple country houses. The disadvantage of this layout is the one-sided type of drainage system - it has a much greater load than bilateral or other types. The appearance of the roof with a one-sided slope is not the most presentable. This design can be considered the best solution for arranging various outbuildings of small sizes. This is how garages and guest houses are finished. Those wishing to mount such a roof should think about a water outflow system. The main criterion is its throughput. With snow masses, this design copes very well. shed roof suitable for cold climates, as well as in regions where there is not a lot of rainfall.
gable
This type of roof can have:
- Hanging or inclined rafters.
- Various cornice overhangs.
- Uneven angles.
The design of a gable roof consists of load-bearing beams and roofing material attached to the crate. The rafter system, as a rule, is made of beams connected by metal parts. The upper part of the roof forms a ridge. It is located exactly in the middle or closer to some edge. One of the subspecies of a gable roof is a multi-slope one (the angles of inclination are not the same on both sides). The design of such a roof looks original, but the design has a significant drawback - the attic space is used irrationally. A sloping roof not only eliminates such a problem, but is also built specifically for attic room. The folds of the slopes create additional volume for the attic. Aesthetics is another advantage of a broken gable roof. The symmetrical design repeats the shape of an isosceles triangle.
Attic
This type of roof does not apply directly to gable roofs, since it can also be cantilevered or broken. The main feature is the division of the slope into a gentle (upper) and steep parts (located below). The usual gable mansard roof has rectangular rafters lying parallel. The steep part of the slope handles the load of snow very well. The mansard roof can also be broken. A characteristic feature of the latter is a presentable appearance. Bends are made outward or inward. They are often combined: a roof of an unusual shape is obtained with many internal and external kinks. The cantilever mansard roof combines the features of a gable and broken roof. Its parts can protrude several meters beyond the walls of the building, creating a lot of space inside. There are also mixed attic structures. This type includes the characteristics of the previous three and additional features.
hip
Another common type of roofing. The hip roof is composed of four slopes. End (they are called hips) have a triangular appearance. They occupy the space from the end of the ridge to the eaves. The other two slopes are in the shape of a trapezoid. Practicality is provided by the feature of the structure. First of all, this concerns the removal of precipitation. But the execution technology is much more complicated. For its construction will require a team of experienced builders. One of the downsides is that there will be no gables at the attic level, and more dormer windows will need to be made to improve lighting. This will add complexity to the design process, including in calculating the step of the truss system. Despite the fact that this design copes well with showers, it is often used in dry tropical areas.
A hip roof is useful if you need to finish:
- house with a veranda;
- oblong building;
- L-shaped house.
Half hip
The roof of this type includes the features of the classic gable and hip. The design lacks sharp corners, and one of its main functions is protection from strong winds. In regions with snowy winters, such roofs are made with small canopies and steeper slopes. If there is no heavy snowfall at the location of the house, then the canopies should be large, and the slopes should be relatively gentle. A typical four-slope semi-hip roof has a cut end slope. The free space is sealed with a window (including a solid one) or a wall. However, a half-hip roof can combine elements of a gable roof. There are still four surface elements in this case. Unlike the previous version, the side slopes are devoid of a lower part, and the front ones have a shape that vaguely resembles a trapezoid, but with six corners. With this design, you get a larger attic.
Shatrovaya
This is a hipped roof, consisting of identical triangular sections. They must be equilateral. The slopes are connected exactly in the center. Due to the strict geometry, such a coating is not suitable for all houses. The name comes from the word "tent" - a mobile dwelling of a rectangular shape. A hipped roof is also called a pyramidal roof. It can be installed on houses with a base in the form of a square or a regular quadrangle (not in all cases). The overhangs of such a roof are at the same height. Despite the simple appearance, the installation of this type of roof is technically complex. The advantages of a hipped roof are its ability to warm up quickly and resistance to strong winds. The main disadvantage is the presence of many connections in the truss structure, which makes the construction process more complicated and lengthy.
Other cons:
- Significant departure roofing materials.
- A small amount of space under the attic.
- Cost.
Multi-forceps
It is characterized by great variability in execution, based on the number, shape, location and size of gables (tongs). Its sunken corners require very careful, accurate and precise finishing. On a multi-gable roof there are a large number of valleys at the junctions of the slopes. It is erected on objects with a complex layout, unusual architectural forms, two-tiered attic compartments and attics. Precipitation and melt water will descend along the valleys. Snow usually accumulates there, so they should be made strong and as tight as possible. An increase in bearing capacity can turn valleys from the most vulnerable elements of the roof structure into the most functional ones. One of the main advantages of a multi-gable roof is the balance of the truss system. The main problem is the complexity of its installation.
vaulted
This is the name of the roof rounded, hemispherical or cylindrical shape. The vault is usually made of stone or brick. Special rafter systems will be required, since the standard ones will be unsuitable in the decoration of a curved arch. Both curved metal forms and rounded wooden frames made of glued laminated timber are used as the material for supporting structures. Special order required. Strength should be the main quality of cylindrical beams. Sometimes lattice trusses with a complex pattern are used. This will affect the final price. Design and installation cost much more than for roofs with rectilinear shapes. For this reason, the cylindrical roof is not widely used. For finishing, they buy rolled materials from polymer bitumen, folded metal coating; in some cases, a flexible tile is suitable.
Although the installation of a vaulted roof itself is much more expensive, the material consumption can be small.
tambourine
The roof is made of four diamond-shaped slopes, brought together at one point in the center. Suitable for square buildings. A diamond-shaped roof is mounted on small cottages, country houses. If desired, you can make a large high attic. Diamond roofing can most often be seen on one-story buildings. The most common subspecies of diamond roofing is the Sudeikin roof. Its design consists of four triangular slopes (hips) in the upper half and the same number of triangular slopes adjoining them, directed downward. Such a building will have four tongs. As a truss system, a special design of bars in the form of an octagonal dome is used. The classical diamond-shaped roof of G. Sudeikin provides for the presence of a central bearing pillar. However, you can mount the roof without it.
For the subsequent placement of decorating elements (original dormer windows and chimneys, unusual gables), roofs are installed with a large slope, almost vertical in some places. This configuration can be used to equip a full-fledged floor with many design solutions. A slight slope better protects from the wind, since the contact area will be larger. However, this does not apply to roofs with a very slight slope. Rain water and snow from a low roof drain more slowly, this can lead to leakage. Slightly sloped surfaces require more maintenance. There is no need to clean slopes of 45° or more. A roof with a large slope (from 45°) is considered "self-cleaning". A relatively flat roof is the most economical option, but there will be little space in the attic. This problem can be solved by increasing the height of the walls of the last floor at the design stage.
The roof includes different elements. All types of roofs consist of slopes - surfaces that have a certain slope. These are several independent components that are closely adjacent to each other, less often - one. The ridge is called the upper line parallel to the horizon, where several slopes are connected. The same name may have ridge tiles and ridge slats. Many roofs have such an element as a valley. This is the inner corner at the junction of two slopes. The valley is the main node in the roof device. Overhangs are of two types. Cornice - located on the side of the roof surface protruding beyond the walls of the building; gable - part of the roof hanging over the gable (pediment) of the building. Both options can have a strict rectilinear form or be performed in an original manner. The basis for the construction of the roof is the truss system - a supporting structure of rafters, struts, racks and crossbeams.
Forms of the stacking system
Rafter structures are equipped in different ways. The shed configuration provides for the presence of two rows of racks or walls as a support for the rafter legs. One wall should be higher. The gable structure performs a supporting function on roofs consisting of two rectangular pitched surfaces. In the vast majority of cases, the legs of such a system rest against two identical supporting walls of the house box. Hips are designed for four pitched surfaces. The rafters create two trapezoidal and as many triangular bases. They rest on the long and end walls, respectively. The tent truss system is supported by the same walls. Broken (mansard) truss structures are installed in a similar way, as in the case of gable systems, but the rafter legs are placed in two tiers.
The truss system may include the following elements:
- fight;
- ridge knot;
- run;
- rack;
- Mauerlat;
- struts;
- sill.
This design has a strong support under the lower and upper heels. Manufacturing and installation takes place in a similar way, as is the case with a pitched roof. Layered systems are erected over boxes with an internal supporting wall. It is necessary as a supporting structure for the ridge run. The function of the wall can be performed by rows of columns or racks. In a simple five-meter-span layered structure, the tops of the rafters rest on the purlin. The bed plays the role of a support for the run itself. Structural strength is provided by struts. Systems with large spans are equipped with additional runs and scrambles. The latter provide structural stability. The inclined system can use one of two types of support. With one of them, rotation is possible and there are two degrees of freedom. The second option provides only one degree of freedom.
This type of structure has only a lower support. The tops support each other. The frame elements are made in the form of a triangle, which eliminates the need for a Mauerlat. Its role is played by the puff (base). It is used in order to compensate for the thrust on the roof from the mass of the system, the coating and the snow that will be on it. The hanging configuration is applicable for small boxes without a supporting element under the ridge run. If you need to finish a large span, then the structure is equipped with ties, struts and grandmas. The use of two additional supports makes it possible to cover a distance of up to 15 meters. Hanging system rafters avoid horizontal loads. They create tension that is not transferred to the walls of the building. The tops of the rafters can be fixed end-to-end or stacked on a run.
The choice of roofing depending on the slope
Flat roofs are covered with multilayer roll materials, bitumen. If the slope is more than 5 °, then three-layer roll materials that do not have protection can be used in the decoration. Bituminous waterproofing with a coarse layer is recommended to be applied if the slope is more than 10 °. At an inclination of more than 15 °, wave-shaped roofing sheets are laid. The execution materials can be bitulin, ondulin, euroslate, asbestos-cement slate. Guttered clay tiles are used with a slope of 20 °. Galvanized steel, copper, metal tiles, metal profiles and sheet steel are laid at an angle of inclination greater than 30 °. Seam steel is used with a slope of 18 ° to 25 °, sometimes from 8 °. Slate and asbestos-cement tiles, as well as natural tiles, are appropriate if the roof is steep (from 50 °). When finishing roofs inclined at an angle of 80 °, wood chips and shingles (shingles) are used.
Features of mansard roofs
Attics can vary significantly in configuration. One of the fundamental features of the mansard roof is the presence of outward bends, but there are also internal kinks. A sloping roof can be seen on small buildings. This is a complicated version of a gable roof with a decorative purpose. A pitched mansard roof should ideally be sloped at a 40° angle. The slope is made on the leeward side of the building. Attics under a simple symmetrical roof usually have a fairly large "deaf" zone near the joints of the roof with the walls. The recommended angle of inclination of the roof is 45°. A good idea is to create attic floor with asymmetrical slopes. Tall items can be placed there. The main problem is the complexity of the design calculations. Hipped mansard roofs need to be made with a large angle of inclination. In the center of the attic room there will be plenty of storage space for tall bulky items.
In regions where there is a hurricane wind, it is better to place a shed roof on the windward side, and supporting structure- strengthen with diagonal ligaments.
Warming and waterproofing
The choice of material for waterproofing depends on climatic conditions. The most commonly used ruberoid. This is very strong material. Its advantage lies in its long service life. Behind Lately the use of waterproofing film to protect roof layers from water with the possibility of its evaporation has become popular. Thermal insulation is carried out by interior decoration spaces between the legs of the truss structure. This is done before the final facing of the room. As insulating material choose fiberglass, glass or mineral wool. Glass wool is produced in the form of plates and rolls. It is recommended to choose plates. They are more durable, as they are less deformed, and their thermal insulation properties are about the same. In addition, foam sheets can be used to insulate the roof.
Parameters of insulating materials:
- breathability;
- compressibility;
- vapor permeability;
- compressive strength;
- density;
- thermal conductivity.
Roof design and colors
Over the past 15-20 years, flat roofs have become popular. This implementation allows you to shift the focus to the main part of the building. Flat-roofed houses can have an unusual and geometrically complex shape in the spirit of such modern styles like minimalism, biotech, hi-tech and avant-garde. Pitched roofing is more diverse. Sloped roofs are appropriate in all kinds of design projects buildings. Shed roof looks beautiful with transparent walls. A multi-gable roof can be decorated in a unique French style or in the manner of traditional Russian architecture. The color scheme is selected depending on the color of the building itself. The roof is made darker, so the choice of shades is often limited to dark, cold and mixed tones. Roof original form looks best in blue, bluish, black and gray colors.
Conclusion
The process of installing a roof begins with design. At this stage, various parameters are calculated, all wishes are taken into account. A lot depends on frame structure. The best option the placement and size of skylights is determined before the start of its construction. After installing the truss system, the main part of the work begins. The structure will be coated according to its configuration. The roof must be made using resistant and durable materials. The main criteria for their selection are such indicators as the slope of the slopes, the windiness of the territory, the amount and type of precipitation in the region. Over the past few decades, many high-quality functional materials for decoration have appeared. After completing the external arrangement of the roof, you should deal with the choice of insulation, hydro and vapor barrier.
As you know, there is no house without a roof. It is the shape of the roof and its covering that give the building a complete image, crown it, decorate it. The main purpose of the roof is to protect the building from rain, hail, snow, solar radiation. Therefore, the roof of the house should not only be beautiful, but also, first of all, a durable, reliable and practical design.
The importance of proper construction
When erecting any structure, even the simplest, it is imperative to know and strictly follow certain construction rules. So, all the standards relating to the design and construction of the roof are spelled out in the document "SP 17.13330.2011", which is the current updated version of another document "SNiP II-26-76". The requirements contained in these rules are valid throughout our country and apply to the construction of roofs of all possible compositions in buildings of various purposes. The document contains a list of permitted roofing materials and requirements for them.
The possibility of using other compositions for roofing must be confirmed in accordance with the procedure established by law.
These requirements must be strictly followed not only when building a new house, but also when reconstructing or overhaul roofs of buildings with roofing from these materials. In addition to complying with construction standards, it is necessary that all materials used, literally to every nail, comply with GOST. Only in this case, the erected roof will be reliable, and living in the house will be safe.
Description
The roof is such a final link of the roof, its finishing coating, which performs protective and aesthetic functions. The roof must be waterproof, lightweight, durable, inexpensive to maintain, and meet fire safety requirements.
When choosing a roof covering, consider factors such as:
- roof shape;
- features of the truss system;
- roof pitch,
- climatic conditions.
Classification
How the roof of the building will look externally is determined even before the start of all work.
All types of roofs can be combined into two groups, taking into account the slope and the number of side planes, called slopes:
- flat roofs;
- roofs with one or more slopes.
A flat roof is a rectangular, flat area with a slope of no more than three degrees. This type of roof in modern housing construction is used only when it is planned to be used additionally. For example, to equip a recreation area, a swimming pool, a helipad. In small private houses, the use of this form is impractical, since stagnation of rain and melt water can occur on it, and there is no need to talk about its great reliability and durability.
Undoubtedly, pitched roofs are more practical, although they are more costly and difficult to build. The advantages include the fact that the main enemy of the roof - water easily flows down the slopes of the roof, without lingering and without causing harm.
Depending on the features of the roofing system, pitched roofs come with either an attic or an attic. An attic is a room organized directly under the roof and suitable for habitation. The attic differs from the second floor with low walls (no more than 1.5 m). The existing varieties of pitched roofs are divided into types depending on the design features.
Pitched roofs are as follows:
- lean-to;
- gable;
- hip;
- half hip;
- tent;
- multi-forceps;
- broken lines;
- domed;
- conical;
- combined.
The most inexpensive and simple single-slope design in the device. Such roofs are found on sheds, garages and other outbuildings. A shed roof has a flat roof supported by walls of varying heights. It is due to the different heights of the support that the slope is obtained. The disadvantage of this design is the absence of at least some attic space, and the appearance of such a roof is not pleasing to the eye.
The form of a gable roof has come down to us from time immemorial and is perhaps the most common and familiar roof for one-story house especially in rural areas. There is only one explanation for this - practicality. The slopes can be located both symmetrically and at different angles of inclination, be equal in length and not quite. This shape of the roof makes it easy to create an attic or attic under it.
The design has two slopes, united on the end sides by gables, and on top with a “ridge”, which strengthens and protects the roof seam formed at the junction of the slopes.
Gables are mandatory and very important elements of a gable roof. They close the space between the slopes, thereby protecting the attic from the effects of wind and precipitation. The slopes of the roof rest on the gables, due to which the load on the walls of the building is redistributed. Finally, due to its location, the pediment can be an attic wall.
The hip roof is obtained from a gable structure by replacing the gables with two more slopes having the shape of a triangle. The slopes in this case are called hips, hence the name of the entire roof. At the top of one of the hips is a hatch called a dormer window. In fact, a hip roof is a hipped structure, difficult to build, but very resistant to natural disasters, such as hurricane winds or heavy rain.
If the pediments of a gable roof are given a trapezoidal shape, and the upper part of the pediment is covered with a small triangular slope, or, conversely, the lower part is covered with a slope, and the top of the pediment is made triangular, then a semi-hinged roof will be obtained. In terms of design, a building with a similar roof takes on an interesting appearance.
The hipped shape is also a variation hip roof. There can be three or more sectors (hips) depending on the shape of the support. There is no ridge, and the hips converge at one point with amazingly perfect accuracy, forming a tent over the building. Buildings with complex, polygonal shapes are covered with a multi-gable roof.
The design of such a roof is complex, but nevertheless it makes it possible to create structures that are unique in appearance.
broken type roofs are often referred to as a mansard roof. This is a cost-effective design, as it allows you to organize additional living space.
Domed, as well as conical roof shapes, are rare in the construction of private residential premises in our time. The use of this form implies a round structure under the roof. Often such roofs cover not the whole building, but its individual parts. For example, an oval-shaped terrace or some decorative elements: towers, rotundas.
Combined roofs have the most complex structure. In fact, they are combinations of different types of roofs, which gives a lot of room for design ideas. Such structures are difficult to build, not easy to maintain. However, it is the combined roofs that can increasingly be found on modern cottages.
All coverage options
In modern construction of private residential buildings, the following types of roofing materials are used:
- roll;
- mastic;
- membrane;
- leafy;
- piece or set.
Rolled coatings include roofing felt and roofing felt known to all. These coatings are made from polymeric and bituminous materials. As a reinforcing base, layers of cardboard, fiberglass or polyester are used. Such a coating can be used for roofing both on flat and pitched roofs.
A feature of the application is a continuous crate of wooden rafters. Glued plywood panels turned upside down can be used as solid flooring. The slope of the roof should be 10-30 degrees. Roofing material is attached to the flooring in a hot way: the roll is heated and rolled out on the roof with a roller. For reliability, the material is laid in several layers. Moreover, if a flat roof is covered, having wooden floor, then for the purposes of fire safety, the first layer is nailed, and the next one is already welded.
Repairing such a roof is simple: the old coating is cleaned of dirt and a new layer is laid on top.
Roll materials also include such modern roofing as bituminous tiles. This is fiberglass with bituminous impregnation. One of its sides has an adhesive surface, and on the other hand, the canvas is covered with multi-colored mineral chips. The panel is easily bent, therefore it is able to easily, without much effort, take the shape of the surface. Due to this property, shingles are increasingly being used for roofing on non-standard roofs.
Roll coatings have their advantages and disadvantages.
The benefits include the following:
- high sound insulation;
- thermal insulation;
- frost resistance;
- small mass;
- no corrosion.
The main disadvantages are that:
- the coating may tear, crack;
- roofing material and roofing felt are subject to decay over time;
- the material is flammable;
- under the influence of sunlight, the coating fades.
Mastic roofing is used only on flat roofs ah, because it is a bulk material. It is easy to install. On a pre-prepared, dried base, covered, for example, with fiberglass, several layers of mastic are applied. It is used in the construction of large residential and industrial buildings.
The disadvantage is the difficulty of obtaining a uniform thickness of the coating.
Mastic roofs are of three types, such as:
- reinforced;
- unreinforced;
- combined.
The advantages of mastic roofing are as follows:
- cheaper than roll materials;
- high moisture protection indicators;
- quickly mounted;
- tightness;
- fire resistance;
- thermal stability, since the roof withstands temperature changes from -40 to +100 degrees.
Membrane roofs are made from a film made from a special polymer. Membrane coatings are used mainly on flat roofs. Film sheets, called membranes, are laid out on the surface with an overlap and attached to each other by exposure to hot air or using special adhesive tape. The membranes are attached to the roof surface with nails, screws or glue.
Such a roof has a high strength. It is quick and easy to install. But, rather expensive material quickly fades under the action of sunlight.
Perhaps the most common were and remain roofs made of sheet materials. Steel, slate, ondulin, corrugated board, metal tiles, asbestos plywood are mounted on wooden crate screws or nails. Steel roofing does not burn and will last up to 30 years. The slope angle should be 18-30 degrees.
Slate also does not burn, withstands low temperatures well, does not heat up under the action of sunlight, and does not pass electric current. The slope angle should be 8-20 degrees.
Ondulin are cardboard-bitumen sheets. It is produced by impregnating organic fibers with bitumen. The process takes place at high values of state parameters, such as pressure and temperature. Since there are no asbestos compounds in the composition of the material, ondulin is considered one of the most environmentally friendly roofing materials.
Decking is called metal sheets coated with a layer of zinc or paint. Quite durable and practical material. When used, additional soundproofing is required.
There are three brands of corrugated board.
- Mark H. It has a large bearing capacity, used for horizontal structures.
- Mark C. Used for vertical structures.
- HC brand. A versatile material that can be used for both horizontal and vertical applications.
At the same time, profiled sheets of grades H and HC are more suitable for roofing. Grade C material is used only on small buildings with a roof slope of 60 degrees. When buying a profiled sheet, pay attention to the thickness, height and type of profile, as well as its protective coating.
The metal tile is a slate-like galvanized sheet coated with a polymer. It is inexpensive, lightweight, easy to install, fire resistant, and not afraid of heat changes. But, at the same time, it has poor sound insulation, heats up under the action of sunlight, and is prone to corrosion. It cracks easily if not transported properly.
Asbofanera is as easy to install as all sheet materials. It practically does not burn, but will not last long, because it can become damp. To enhance the water resistance, the asbestos plywood coating will have to be periodically painted over.
Perhaps, all the shortcomings of sheet coverings are taken into account in a new, modern material - composite tiles. This is a sheet roofing, which is steel sheets coated on both sides with an aluminum alloy. This is followed by layers of aluminum primer, stone granules and acrylic glaze. The material does not know what corrosion is, does not transmit heat and sound, does not change color under the action of solar radiation, does not transmit or absorb moisture. It is fastened with forged nails.
Composite tiles can last half a century, but when building a roof, it will be necessary to provide a vapor barrier, since composite tiles do not allow steam to pass through. The second disadvantage is that the material has a high cost.
Type-setting or piece roofing includes such coatings as natural, polymer-sand, cement-sand, ceramic tiles. Beautiful in appearance, having all the possible advantages, having almost a century of service life, tiles are not the most common roofing material. Tiled roofing has a very high cost and no less heavy weight. Therefore, it is used in the construction of only elite structures and requires a reinforced truss system and high-quality crates.
Color solutions
Choosing the right roof color for your home can be tricky.
In doing so, the following factors must be taken into account:
- location of the building;
- climatic conditions;
- color scheme of the facade;
- the color of adjacent buildings.
Most often there are roofs of the following colors:
- brown;
- red;
- burgundy;
- dark green;
- black.
The prevalence is explained by the fact that these colors are well combined with facades of various types and colors. When choosing a roof color, you need to understand that dark colors absorb solar radiation, so a dark roof will heat up in the heat of summer.
For this reason, dark roofs are more often used in northern regions. While in the southern regions light roofing materials are used more. Bright colors on roofing look very impressive, but fade quickly and are used only for buildings built without architectural frills.
When choosing a color scheme for a roof, it must be remembered that shades of the same spectrum are always win-win combined with each other. For example, if the facade is painted in warm colors, then the roof is made in warm colors. Cold colors are combined with cold shades. The combination of natural shades with beige and brown colors, as well as with ocher, is considered a classic.
An interesting facade is needed for a gray roof, otherwise the house will look boring.
Manufacturers overview
The modern construction market offers a huge selection of roofing coatings from both domestic and foreign manufacturers. The most famous brands of roofing that are in demand and have proven themselves in the modern construction market can be classified by country of origin.
- Germany is represented by such three well-known manufacturers as:
- the Lafarge concern is famous for its Braas brand roofing;
- the Crotop concern produces accessories for roofs;
- Creaton manufactures ceramic tiles.
- The Spanish company Cupa Natural Slate produces roofing slates of the Cupa brand.
- The Italian company Tegola Canadese produces shingles on a bitumen basis of the Tegola brand.
- The French company OFIC SA produces roofing materials of the Onduline brand;
- The French company Terreal produces ceramic tiles of the Terreal brand.
- Popular Finnish manufacturers are the following:
- Lemminkainen manufactures bitumen roofing, mastics, roll coverings and shingles under the Pikipika brand;
- Katepal OY manufactures roofing and waterproofing coatings under the Ruflex brand;
- Weckman Steel OY manufactures Weckman brand metal roofing and corrugated board.
- Among Russian manufacturers the most famous are the following:
- trading house "Omi" produces roofing coverings of the same name;
- TechnoNIKOL manufactures shingles shingles;
- Supron LLC produces Suprn brand roofing from environmentally friendly components.
Do not lag behind in a variety of types, types and colors and Chinese roofing.
- Chinese-made coatings are as follows:
- metal - made of copper, zinc, galvanized steel;
- mineral - from crushed natural stone;
- organic - bitumen, polymers, wood shingles, straw are used for production.
The most popular Chinese metal tile made of cold-rolled galvanized steel. The material is durable, does not burn, does not deform. Can last up to 100 years.
Accessories and tools
To get a beautiful, high-quality roof, you need to use the right fasteners - screws, self-tapping screws, screws. It is also necessary to have at least a minimum set of tools for roofing.
To mount the roof, you will need tools such as:
- carpenter's hammer;
- a construction stapler for attaching a vapor barrier sheet;
- a medium-sized hacksaw with a blade length of up to 40 centimeters;
- construction cord for leveling the roof;
- contrasting color marker for marking;
- screwdriver with suitable nozzles;
- pliers.
How to make your own?
Since roofing does not require special equipment, they can be done independently.
Roofing works can be divided into three stages, namely:
- design;
- erection of the truss system;
- roofing.
At the design stage, the shape of the roof and the steepness of the slopes are determined.
The decisive factors will be:
- climatic conditions: a lot of snow and rain - the slope is steep, strong winds - on the contrary, gentle;
- type of roofing material. For example, when using shingles, the angle of inclination must be at least 22 degrees, because otherwise rainwater will seep through the joints.
The rafter system is the most important part of the roof and is a system of inclined rails called rafter legs, vertically arranged racks and inclined struts. Rafters provide roof stability, give reliability to the roof, redistribute the load on the entire building. The location of the elements of the truss system is directly related to the shape of the roof. A gable roof will have one truss system, a hip roof will have another.
At self erection roofs, you need to remember that even the smallest deviation from the technology of mounting rafters can result in a collapse of the roof.
After the truss structure is ready, they begin to mount the roofing pie, which is a multi-layer structure located directly under the roofing material. The roofing pie serves to protect the roof from moisture penetration, heat loss, and prevents condensation from forming.
It consists of the following elements:
- vapor barrier;
- insulation layer;
- waterproofing;
- counterlattice;
- ventilated space;
- crate;
- roofing material.
To properly mount the roofing pie, you must perform a certain algorithm of actions.
- From the side of the attic, a vapor barrier membrane film is attached to the rafters with a stapler, placing it with the outlet side inside the attic. The seams between the panels of the film are glued with adhesive tape. This is the first layer of the pie.
- The second layer is laid on top - this is a heater, which is better to choose according to the criterion "on fire - does not burn."
- The third layer is a waterproofing film, which covers the insulation on top. It is fixed with a stapler, the seams are glued with tape.
- At the next step, a counter-lattice is nailed to the rafters. A counter-lattice or counter-beam is a beam that provides roof ventilation. Thanks to the counter-lattice, a free space is formed between the insulation layer and the crate, allowing air to circulate freely.
- A crate is nailed to the counter-beam, that is, boards to which the roof will be attached. This takes into account the material of the roof: for shingles continuous flooring is required, for slate - sparse.
- Lay and fix the coating, using the instructions from the manufacturer.
- Auxiliary roofing structures are installed: snow retainers, gutters.
How to carry out the installation of the roof, see the following video.
- roofing material is chosen when designing the truss system;
- the choice of roofing material depends on the angle of inclination of the roof;
- a roof with two or four slopes can be covered with any roofing;
- when buying roofing materials, it is necessary to take installation instructions from the seller;
- tiles are used if the values of the angle of inclination of the roof are in the range from 30 to 60 degrees;
- if the slope is an angle of 8 to 18 degrees, it is more advisable to use bituminous coatings;
- steel sheets must be painted every 10 years. The paint will protect the roof from corrosion;
- multi-gable roofs are covered with flexible coatings: corrugated board, bitumen, metal tiles;
- installation of metal tiles begins with the end of the roof. The first sheets are attached to the rafters with one self-tapping screw, screwed into the fold of the wave. This will ensure the mobility of the sheet and allow it to be leveled if necessary. The metal tile can be mounted at any time of the year;
- all types of slate are overlapped using a hinged mount;
- asbestos-cement slate is laid regardless of air temperature, while ondulin and PVC slate become brittle in frost;
- dry, warm weather is necessary for laying roll coatings;
- soft tiles begin to be laid from the eaves;
- before you start laying a roof of ceramic tiles, it will be useful to first practice. Tiles have a special locking system;
- elements of cement-sand tiles have ready-made holes for nails;
- before starting work, it is necessary to take care of fire-retardant and antiseptic impregnation of all wooden roof elements.
General rules Roofing work is as follows:
- cutting is done on the ground. If, nevertheless, it became necessary to cut off the material, already being on the roof, then sawdust must be removed;
- before starting installation, it is necessary to examine the plane of the roof on which the material will be laid. It must have a flat and clean surface;
- work is performed in soft shoes to feel the surface;
- before the final fixing, it is impossible to step on the sheets;
- work begins with the processing of obstacles - chimneys, dormer windows;
- the coating elements are fixed using the fasteners recommended by the manufacturer.
By following the instructions and safety requirements attached to the material, you can create a beautiful, high-quality and durable roof with your own hands.
Beautiful examples in the exterior
When considering any building, a person first of all pays attention to its roof, or rather, to its visible part - the roof. The roof of the house, its appearance always remains the pride of its owner.
Properly selected roofing can become an adornment of even the most nondescript building.
- In the modern world, cubic-shaped houses are gaining great popularity. The cube house has a flat roof. It is not only beautiful and unusual, but also practical. On a flat roof, you can arrange a recreation area with a terrace and a green lawn.
- A shed roof can become a decoration of a two- or three-story private house. With the right choice color solution unusual and interesting options are obtained.
- The asymmetric gable roof on a one-story or two-story private house looks original. The appearance of the building is immediately perceived differently.
There are many options for asymmetrical roofing:
- Arrange the slopes at different angles.
- Make slopes of different widths.
- If the house has several floors, then lengthen one slope, turning it into a canopy.
- Build a veranda under one of the slopes.
- Amazingly transforms gable roof the use of soft tiles as a covering.
- Device viewing windows on the slopes of the roof gives the whole structure originality.
- Several look impressive different types roofs on the same building.
A gable roof is well combined with a hip roof:
- The slope is located above the pediment. In addition to the original appearance, such a constructive solution makes it possible to equip a room in the attic.
- The slope is located under the pediment. Small windows located on the gables will decorate such a roof.
- The appearance of the attic roof becomes more spectacular when the angle of inclination of the rafters changes.
- The decoration of the design of the house will be the device of a canopy over the balcony in the form of a sloping mansard roof.
To make the house extraordinary, memorable, unlike others, allow the right color combinations facade and roof finishes:
- buildings always look harmonious if they have a facade of light gray, white or lemon color, and a green roof, or a cream facade under a brown roof;
- combinations of walls of blue, green, white color under a black or gray roof;
- if the buildings around are covered with brown and gray roofs, then the red roof will effectively distinguish the house from the crowd;
- a blue facade with gray or white elements under a gray roof looks elegant and modern;
- the classic combination is a dark top and a light bottom. The most common option. Light walls of the facade and contrasting color of the roof;
- tone-on-tone combination. The roof and walls of the same shade will give the building solidity and elegance;
- dark walls under a light roof. To prevent the roof from dissolving against the general background, it is necessary to repeat its color on windows, doors, gutters.
In modern private construction, there are a great many varieties of roofs of houses, and in our material we will talk about their most popular options. Such important roof structures can be divided depending on the shape, design features and what materials were used in its construction.
Tilt angle
First, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with what the forms of the roof are. Depending on the angle of inclination, two main categories of structures can be defined:
- Flat, with an angle of inclination not exceeding 3 degrees relative to the horizon. Since their maintenance is very difficult, and precipitation stagnates in them, such options are quite rare. On the positive side, inexpensive installation and a small amount of Supplies. On this design, you can equip an open-air terrace, which can also be attributed to the advantages.
- Pitched, with an angle of inclination of 10 degrees or more. Such samples are easy to use, and therefore their popularity is very high. There is no accumulation of precipitation, and water is perfectly discharged through storm drains.
Roofs with pitched surfaces, in turn, are divided into subcategories:
- lean-to;
- gable steep;
- gable gentle;
- gable attic with a broken configuration;
- four-slope semi-hip;
- four-pitched hipped roofs;
- four-slope hip.
The most convenient in the implementation include single-pitched roof structures, the surface slope of which is from 4 to 6 degrees. It makes sense to install them on garages, sheds and other outbuildings.
What are the types of roofing If you need to build an attic, give preference to a mansard roof, which can consist of two slopes and have a broken contour configuration. Hip samples are practical, they adequately withstand the wind load, but their installation cannot be called simple.
It will require materials in large quantities, and you can not do without a professional installation team. When choosing roof types, be sure to consider all factors, and do not limit yourself solely to information about the service life and cost of the project.
In order for the design to please the eye and be a real decoration of the house, it is necessary to pay special attention to its design.
Popular types of roofs of private houses and their characteristics
Of course, the popularity of this or that type of roofing is explained by the ease of installation, saving money and time, the climatic features of the region and the personal preferences of the owners. Let's move on to detailed review presented in modern construction options.
gable
This type is the most popular and has been built in our country since ancient times. Another name for a structure with two slopes, which rest on walls of the same height, is a “gable roof”. Installation here is more complicated than that of a single-slope version, but facing materials here they can be completely different, which allows you to meet any design requirements of the developer.
Hip
In this case, we are dealing with four slopes, the shape of two of which repeats the trapezoid, and the remaining two are made in the form of triangles. The name of the design comes from the word "hips" (frontal triangular slopes).
During the installation process, beams are installed here using a double tightening and drains are necessarily mounted at an angle of 45 degrees on each slope. The construction of such structures requires additional efforts and skills, because the construction of the truss system in this case is quite complicated.
Half hip
This is one of the options for hip roofs, with the only difference being that a truncated triangular slope is formed here, and it is installed higher than its trapezoidal counterparts. Of the shortcomings, it is fashionable to note only additional costs for materials, because you will have to finish those sections of the planes that are adjacent to the roof ribs. Such structures are well used in regions with a windy climate.
Attic (broken lines)
Another type of gable samples, characterized by broken slopes, which allows you to significantly increase the attic space, called the attic. Pentagonal pediments leave no one indifferent, and their construction will not cause any particular difficulties for experienced craftsmen. The only thing you will have to face is to buy materials for warming the living space and install them, thereby increasing the energy efficiency of the house, which is not required in the case of an ordinary attic that is not intended for living.
On average, the cost of building a roof is about 20% of the total construction costs, but we can make the most of the usable area of \u200b\u200bthe building and get a two-story house with virtually one level.
flat
Forgotten for a while, these types of roofs of houses are gradually returning to construction thanks to unusual design solutions modern architects. Flat roofs allow you to build a flower garden, tennis court or outdoor mini pool, especially if your home is located in a region with a warm climate. They can be improved with removable canopies made of glass or other materials that will reliably protect the recreation area from precipitation and pollution. The transparent dome will provide the space with natural light, and in the evening they will help out lighting. Here you can also install solar panels and water heaters, if you need them, of course.
Of the advantages, I would especially like to note the affordable costs for materials and installation work. Do not forget about a high-quality storm system, with the help of which all precipitation will leave the roof without a trace, besides, the flat surface still has a slope, although it is invisible at first glance. As for the shortcomings, there may be problems with thermal insulation, and here we are primarily talking about heating the plane in the summer heat, but you can fight the cold in the same way as in the case of a mansard roof.
If the structure of the roof with slopes has its own heat exchanger in the form of an attic, then flat options cannot boast of such a feature, therefore, in case of urgent need, you will have to resort to its construction separately.
The main rule here is to create ventilation between the ceiling of the living space and the roof, no matter what shape it will be.
It is possible to equip both a ventilated attic and ventilation ducts that will hide the roof truss and cladding materials.
Less popular roof types
In addition to the most common roof structures, there are other options that can also be found in private construction, albeit less frequently. Their shape is somewhat different from those specimens that we considered above, but from this they can be no less beautiful. It is necessary to approach the creation of such samples seriously, because their implementation may be feasible only for professionals.
Shed
A distinctive feature of this type of construction is the rafter system, which rests on walls of different levels, due to which a slope is formed. Such structures are easy to build, and any, even the most inexpensive materials, are suitable for their cladding.
As for practicality, it is obvious, because precipitation does not linger here, so you don’t have to worry about maintaining such a building. The disadvantage is also significant - you will not be able to equip the attic or attic, and perhaps that is why today it is rare to find shed specimens on new houses.
Shatrovaya
The shape of such a roof is made in the form of four symmetrically arranged triangles along each wall of the building, which form a kind of tent. It has an unusual chic look, but it is very difficult to build it because of the overly sophisticated truss system.
Multi-forceps
It has another name - valley, and is characterized by one of the most complex truss systems. Many external and internal corners at the junctions of two slopes are not easy to install, moreover, the valleys provoke the accumulation of snow and rainwater, which can lead to leaks.
Wealthy people who build polygonal houses with a large number of outbuildings and attic rooms can afford multi-gable samples.
Dome
Such types of roofs only in rare cases cover the entire area of the building and are mainly installed above its part. To mount the frame, you will need flexible elements, and a flexible or soft lining is suitable as a decorative coating. As a rule, dome solutions are preferred by lovers of antiquity, oriental style, ancient castles and everything unusual, transferring it to your home.
spherical
Recently, spherical roofs are slowly gaining popularity among our compatriots, although this rarely applies to residential buildings. They cover gazebos, sports grounds, church buildings, so that we can observe these types of construction almost every day.
Green
The point here is not the color of the decorative coating, as it might seem at first glance. As a cladding, if you can call it that, we are dealing with natural soil, in which plants are planted that serve as a real decoration for such an exotic design. Here you can note all the positive qualities of flat samples, improved by a special ventilation system. Thanks to this laying, the roots of bushes and trees are limited in growth, they always have enough moisture for irrigation, and besides, conditions are created here for healthy aeration of the roots of green spaces.
The undoubted advantage is the uniqueness of the open greenhouse, because it is very rare to meet such green living structures, if possible. Looking at the rapid development of new technologies and the popularity of environmental projects, it is not difficult to predict that soon such plantings on the tops of houses will become much more widespread. Do you want to stand out from your neighbors and are not afraid to face the need for careful care of plants in the open air? Then a green roof will suit you and you will be able to enjoy its beauty.
Decorative cladding: what to choose?
In addition to personal preferences and financial capabilities, in this matter, you need to take into account design features that can both limit your choice and allow you to expand it. To date, the following materials are most common:
- metal tile;
- bituminous tiles;
- ceramic tiles;
- slate;
- sandwich panels.
All these roofing materials differ from each other in terms of technical characteristics, composition and design, and are also installed on the surface of the structure according to different technology, therefore, before choosing, you should carefully read their description, manufacturer's recommendations and warnings. If you carefully approach this issue and study all the subtleties and nuances of the roof device, you can create reliable protection and at the same time a decoration for your home.
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The roof of the house protects the country house from precipitation. In addition, it maintains the necessary thermal conditions.
Almost all types of roofs are also responsible for decorative functions. Architecture gives all roofs a very important meaning. Often, a non-standard roof adorns the most ordinary country house. But still, the main function of the roof is protection. Therefore, all canopies must comply with established norms and standards. Our article will tell you about all the requirements. Now I would like to talk about terminology.
The roof is the part of a building that sits on top of its base. It protects the interior from moisture penetration, wind and solar radiation. The roof is a complex architectural element. It includes load-bearing structures (truss system) responsible for the distribution of the load of the roof and precipitation. It is also an integral part of the roof, which protects the country house from winds, cold and moisture.
The roof is a multilayer "pie". It consists of:
- roofing;
- waterproofing layer;
- thermal insulation (one or more layers);
- vapor barrier material.
The roof is the part of the roof that can be seen from the outside. It is the roof that not only protects the building itself, but also determines its entire architectural and decorative appearance.
But not only roofing affects the roof of the house. Important importance is given to the type of roof - the defining element for the entire building. Today you can find a variety of classic and unusual roofs. This allows you to choose the most suitable option and make a house with a unique design.
Types of roofs of houses:
- Flat roofs are the simplest type with a slope of only 3%. They are used in the construction of apartment buildings and other massive structures. Private houses rarely contain this type of roof, as there is almost no design value. In addition, flat roofs accumulate snow masses, and this, in turn, leads to an increase in the strength requirements of the roof and load-bearing structures;
- Pitched roofs - have a slope angle of 10 degrees or more. Ideal for building a private house.
Benefits of pitched roofs:
- self-cleaning from various types of precipitation;
- allow you to equip an attic or attic room;
- the possibility of applying design and architectural ideas.
Types of roofing roofs
This is not a complete list of pitched roofs.
Caution: When designing pitched roofs, provide a major system for draining water and snow from the roof surface.
Today you can find a range of roofing materials. For example, classic slate is popular. It is used for the construction of roofs of outbuildings. Modern materials are represented by metal or composite tiles. Often you can find a plastic roof. Thanks to modern materials, it is possible to equip at the same time reliable and aesthetic plastic tiles. At the same time, the choice of colors is very large.
Various materials are used as roof waterproofing, ranging from roofing felt to liquid rubber. The roofing material is represented by bitumen for the roof, which is applied to fabric base. In this regard, roofing felt is a fairly versatile material. It is used as a material for flat roofs of warehouses, hangars and residential buildings. Note that initially the roofing felt resembled sheets of cardboard 1x1 meter. One side was free, and the other was covered with bitumen.
Of course, such a cardboard roofing material served for a rather limited period. However, it was indispensable if it was necessary to cover the roof in a short time. Today, roofing materials include fiberglass. This allows the material to be used for 20 years without loss of quality. Before laying roofing felt, you need to prepare the surface. It is important to make the surface of the roof as flat as possible.
Typical roof units and rafter fastening
The rafter frame is the basis for the roofing pie.
The pitched roof has a relatively large area. It is even compared to a sail. And this is not accidental - after all, a strong wind can easily rip it off or move it some distance.
In both cases, the roof will be damaged. And this is redundant headache for the owner of a country house. Under these conditions, reliable fastening of the roof to the walls will make it stable and durable.
- rafter legs mounted on a bar (Mauerlat). It, in turn, is attached to the walls of the structure. To create a Mauerlat, you will need a 15x15 cm timber or a 15x10 cm board.
- Mauerlat is attached to the walls. For this, anchor bolts or bolts pre-screwed into the walls are used. For greater reliability, you can tie the beam with burnt fittings. Also, the Mauerlat beam is usually associated with adjacent beams.
The result is a solid foundation for roof frame and roofs. The task of strapping includes the competent redistribution of the load on the walls of the building.
Gable roof - device, detailed video:
Thunderstorm protection
When designing and building a roof, remember that the ridge is the highest point of the building. Under these conditions, you cannot do without lightning protection. Especially if it's a metal roof.
As practice shows, even a small lightning strike on the roof of a building leads to a fire. Moreover, if there are people in the attic or in the attic, they can also be injured. An important process will help prevent accidents - grounding the roof.
Tip: Steel pins act as protection against thunderstorms. Their diameter must exceed 8 mm. The pins are attached along all edges of the roof horse and on the pipes. In height, the pins must be at least 1 meter above the roof level. In this case, the distance between them ideally should not exceed 12 meters.
- The bottom ends of the pins usually contain a wire that should be welded to them. The diameter of the wire must match the diameter of the down conductor. Special clamps are used to fasten the down conductor. The element is attached to the roof and walls of the building. It is recommended to fix it on the basis of the downpipe.
- After fixing and lowering the down conductor to the ground, it is necessary to fix it on flat surface. To do this, a distance of 1 meter is measured from each wall of the building.
- Further, a hole is dug half a meter deep, into which three steel pipe. It is recommended to connect them with a pre-welded steel strip.
Pipes act as ground conductors. But they will not perform their functions without a down conductor. Bolts are required to fasten the element. The process of welding the down conductor to the surface of the pipes will not be superfluous. Such a grounding scheme will create high-quality protection against thunderstorms. The types of roofing do not play a role here, such protection should be on every roof of a country house.
Thus, building a house implies compliance with all the rules and regulations for tying the roof. Also important is the competent installation of the truss frame and roofing pie. By creating reliable roof- you are contributing to the future of your building (read: ""). After all, if you conduct a competent process, you can save on possible repair roof or its elements. Various types roofs differ from each other in their design and type of roofing material. However, all of them should be chosen based on practical significance. In other words, it is important to choose not only an aesthetic, but also a reliable roof.
For a private house, as well as for any building, the roof is considered one of the most important architectural elements that affect not only the durability of operation, but also the quality of living, decorative look And specifications. These are very complex complex tasks, their implementation can only be ensured by well-thought-out and perfect designs from an engineering point of view.
Modern roofing materials and innovative construction technologies allow architects to realize even the most daring ideas. A large number of roof types puts inexperienced developers in a difficult position, they may like several options at the same time and make the final choice very difficult. This article is designed specifically for such readers, here will be a brief description of the main types of roofs for a private house. At the same time, an objective characterization of both strong and weaknesses. Not only architectural advantages or disadvantages will be taken into account, but also the possibility of erecting such roofs in various climatic regions of our country.
The choice of roof is mainly influenced by three factors: the reliability of the structure, the comfort of living and the design look. Ideally, it is very difficult to achieve an optimal combination of all three at the same time; architects during the design process try to take special engineering solutions in each case to minimize the negative aspects. Existing Options roofs are conditionally classified according to several criteria.
During the calculations, the individual characteristics of each building are taken into account, the requirements of the developers and the technical capabilities of the applied construction technologies and materials to ensure tightness, durability and safety of operation.
flat roofs
In private houses, such options are quite rare, they are used only during the creation of exclusive projects of prestigious buildings. Overlapping is most often made of reinforced concrete slabs, can be used as finished items factory production, and concrete pouring of prepared sites directly during the construction of the house. At the cost of manufacturing, such roofs are very cheap if they are ordinary non-insulated. But there are also quite expensive options for the designs of operated inversion structures. Such roofs are not only effective insulation and very reliable expensive waterproofing: they house winter gardens, outdoor recreation areas, swimming pools and even car parks.
The slope of flat roofs is not more than 10°, the roof is only soft rolled from the most modern materials using modified bitumen. Synthetic materials of various strengths are used as the base, which are not afraid of moisture and can withstand significant mechanical loads. A common disadvantage of flat roofs is the lack of attic space.
pitched roofs
A very large group of truss systems with several slopes. The specific type of structure depends on their number, size and shape. The slope of the slopes is more than 10°; any types of modern roofing materials can be used on them.
Table. Types of pitched roofs
| pitched roof type | Brief description of technical parameters and performance characteristics |
|---|---|
| The simplest and until recently the most used version of the roof, universal application, which can be installed in all climatic zones of our country without exception. Attic spaces are mostly non-residential, but there are options for their reconstruction for use. | |
| Already a more complex design, reminiscent of gable. The difference from the first is that each slope consists of two parts connected at different angles. Due to the original engineering solution, it is possible to significantly increase the height of attic spaces, and it becomes possible to convert them into residential ones. It is these roofs that most houses with attics have. Hence the second name of broken roofs - attic. The rafter system is more complicated than the gable system, and there are specific requirements for the technology of laying roofing materials. Due to the fact that the slopes have an obtuse angle of inclination, there are no valleys on the roofs - the most difficult elements for sealing. It is here that leaks most often occur, and there are several reasons for this phenomenon, and most of them do not depend on the skill and conscientiousness of the builders. | |
| Designs can be considered a kind of gable ordinary or broken. The difference is that on half-hipped roofs there are small slopes above the gables. Such types of roofs do not have pronounced operational advantages over broken ones, but in some regions they are considered traditional and are found everywhere. Half-hip roofs have a more complex truss system, the length of the ridge decreases. Size calculations are made taking into account the angle of inclination of each slope. | |
| Such roofs can be seen for the most part in mountainous areas. Reason - hip structures do not depend on the direction of the prevailing winds, they are equally resistant to wind and snow loads. They can have a rather large height of the attic space, which makes it possible to adapt them to the attic. The rafter system is expensive, and a large amount of very high quality lumber is required. | |
| The most complex of all types of pitched options. Only experienced craftsmen can install, designs are used only on prestigious houses with exclusive projects. They have many valleys and junctions at various angles. All these elements are classified as complex, their sealing is carried out according to a special algorithm and requires special additional elements for roofing materials. |
Warm and cold roofs
Choice of warm or cold roof depends on how you plan to use the attic space.
cold roofs
Previously, in our country there were only such types, this is the simplest and cheapest design. The rafter system does not provide for the presence of counter-battens, the attic space is ventilated through natural cracks. There are no restrictions on the use of coating materials.
When erecting a "cold" roof, the roofing is attached directly to the boards of the crate
Important. Some builders, due to insufficient qualifications or a desire to earn more money, install vapor protection on ordinary cold roofs. Their actions not only do not give any positive effect, but also have a very negative impact.
Why is this happening? Everything is simple. It is even theoretically impossible to make any vapor barrier completely airtight, steam is always put on cracks, condensate will form. The installed vapor barrier critically violates natural ventilation, condensate is very poorly removed. It means that wooden elements truss system long time operated when wet. It's not worth talking about the consequences. It turns out that for their own money, developers worsen the performance of the house and shorten its life. It must be remembered that premature roof repair is a difficult and expensive task. Vapor barrier and wind protection are necessary only when the roof is insulated and mineral wool is used as a material. Only this material reacts very negatively to an increase in relative humidity and requires protection.
Prices for corrugated board
Decking
Warm roofs
Currently, they are very widespread among home owners. Such roofs allow the use of attic spaces as residential, these are the so-called. The emergence of new technologies and materials on the construction market has made it possible to significantly improve the performance of structures and increase the duration of their operation.
Warm roofs are quite complex structures from an engineering point of view and consist of several layers.
- Roof. All materials that exist today can be used.
- Crate. A roof is attached to it, a specific type is selected taking into account the characteristics of the material.
- Control grid. Provides effective ventilation roof space. The minimum distance between the counter-lattice and the roofing is at least five centimeters. This is a prerequisite, the only way to ensure the normal movement of air flows.
- Wind and waterproofing. Passes steam and protects a heater from removal of heat by air currents. You need to buy an expensive most modern membrane. It allows water vapor to escape, but does not allow drops of condensate falling from the coating to pass back. In addition, the membranes are not blown by the wind.
Waterproofing and windproof membrane - an important element of the roofing pie
- Insulation. Styrofoam or mineral wool can be used. Polyfoam is used less frequently due to poor performance. But its modern types are allowed by regulatory organizations for roof insulation (mainly from the inside), you just need to purchase the appropriate brands of insulation. Mineral wool can be rolled or pressed. All other heaters are not recommended for use due to low efficiency and high technological complexity.
- Steam protection. Reduces the amount of steam penetrating into the insulation. The vapor barrier must be installed as carefully as possible. The less moisture in mineral wool, the lower its thermal conductivity, and this main parameter all heaters.
If the technology for creating a pie is violated, then big problems during the operation of attic rooms.
Prices for thermal insulation materials
Thermal insulation materials
Original roof construction solutions for private houses
Modern technologies and a wide selection of building materials make it possible to embody a wide variety of ideas in the construction of roofs, therefore, along with non-standard, rather original designs, there are everywhere.
- Tent. According to the classification, these types of roofs can be attributed to the hip. The difference is that if simple hips have four completely identical slopes, then tented ones have three, five or more slopes. All slopes have one point of upper contact and are completely symmetrical. They are used very rarely for several reasons: it is difficult to set, the number of slopes must correspond to the number facade walls. Residential buildings with three or five walls are rare, they are inconvenient for living, difficulties arise during the planning of interior spaces. Only individual exclusive projects take into account this type of roof and, accordingly, the section of the house plan. Two more problems - a large percentage of unproductive waste of expensive roofing materials, the complexity of installation. An important advantage is resistance to strong multidirectional wind loads.
Hipped roof - view from the outside and from the inside
- Dome. They are very rare, have a rounded shape. Not all modern materials are suitable as a coating; most often, piece tiles or copper sheets are used. It is recommended that such a roof is not installed on the entire structure, but only on individual decorative architectural elements.
- Spire-shaped. They have a large number of slopes located at a large angle. Often perform decorative tasks, can be found on historical and religious buildings. Disadvantages - very difficult to design and build, labor-intensive design. Masters with climbing equipment are allowed to work. Specially trained personnel can repair.
- vaulted. Structures have a parabolic or rounded shape. They are rare and only on individual projects, they can cover houses with a large area. Architects recommend using such roofs when building cottage complexes.
The design of the roof should take into account not only the wishes of developers, but also the requirements of building codes and regulations. In all cases, the safety and reliability of the roof comes first, only after solving these problems is attention paid to the design appearance.
Prices for various types of timber
Video - Roof options for a private house
You have read a short list of possible typical options for the roofs of a private house. Big variety architectural solutions allows developers to choose the most suitable option for themselves. We would like to draw your attention to another very original solution- a roof made of reeds. How to do it can be read on.
