Manchurian Walnut: Planting and Best Care Tips. Manchurian walnut, planting and care How quickly the Manchurian walnut grows

Manchurian walnut, another name for dumbey, is beautiful tree with a luxurious round crown, which will advantageously complement landscape design. In addition, the leaves themselves and the green shell of the nut have many useful qualities and are widely used for medicinal purposes.

motherland given tree is the Far East, the Korean Peninsula and Northern China. The doumbey nut is of the same genus as the well-known walnut. But this type of plant is more resistant to cold, frost and the negative effects of external climatic factors.

In order to grow a walnut, a large area is required, since the plant has a powerful root system. In height it can reach 27 meters. This is a real long-liver, he lives about 200 years.

The first harvest pleases already 5-10 years after planting and bears fruit once every 2-3 years. The plant has wide beautiful leaves measuring about 50 cm in length. Manchurian walnut releases biologically active substances that help protect against pests. The tree blooms in late spring or early summer.

The tree has a considerable number of useful properties:

by trapping dirt, dust and acetylene from the air, it helps to purify the atmosphere. Thanks to the release of a natural antiseptic, it helps to disinfect the environment;
has excellent antimicrobial, antifungal, antiseptic capabilities;
contains more than 55% oil. Has a very rich composition;
applied in medical practice to eliminate problems with the work of the digestive system, rickets and exudative diathesis;
has good taste qualities and nutritional characteristics.

Video “Description”

From the video you will learn a lot about the Manchurian walnut.

Reproduction by seeds

Manchurian walnut can be propagated by seeds, but the problem is that the new plant does not always retain the primary characteristics of the parent. For this type of reproduction, walnut seeds 1-2 years old are used.

Sow seeds in autumn or spring period. In order to do without stratification, it is best to resort to winter planting of fruits. In this case, the seeds germinate faster than when planting in the spring.

The site must be fertile and well-drained. Be sure to need regular, thorough watering and a formed bed.

On acidic soils, the future tree does not take root, so you should add 2-3 cups of wood ash per 1 sq.m, and a depth of 10-15 cm. The holes are placed at a distance of 8-10 cm from each other and a depth of 6-8 cm. Previously, the nuts are wiped with kerosene to protect against rodents and placed on the edge in the hole. Then the hole is covered with earth, mulched on top with any material that will help retain moisture.

Sprouted seeds can be immediately moved to a permanent "place of residence". In this case, the main thing is to pinch the central taproot. But you can also transplant permanent place a year later, after shortening the main root in the center. This is done so that the tree grows faster.

Landing

The best time for a permanent landing is April or September. The soil must be sufficiently moist and fertile. The bed should be dug up, loosened and wood ash added.

It should be remembered that the plant, when it grows, takes up a lot of space and when choosing a planting site, it is necessary to maintain the required distance from other plants.

The plant is best planted on the north side. Manchurian walnut planting has several features:

When transplanting a nut, regular and plentiful watering is necessary. In dry weather, it can be sprayed with a hose.

In order for the seedlings to grow well, their roots are pruned.

Nut Care

The Manchurian nut, both during planting and in care, has several features:

The plant needs to be watered often, because it loves moist soil. With normal rainfall, the procedure is carried out about 5 times per season. When watering seedlings that are 2-3 years old - seven or eight times per season. If the year is dry, then about 20 liters are used.

Regularly remove the weed and loosen the ground, this helps to avoid stagnant water. The ground is mulched to protect against rapid overgrowth of weeds.

After the growing season, watering is carried out less frequently. Thus, the nut is prepared for wintering. He is resistant to sub-zero temperatures, and if it is frozen, it quickly departs and begins to bear fruit.

If it happens that the tree is damaged by fire, then the trunk is cut off and a stump is left. They process circles at the trunk, loosen, mulch. After that, new processes appear at the base of the stump.

In order to hide the leaves from aggressive influences sun rays, pine, fir, spruce are planted nearby. And to save the bole from the south, they place irga or viburnum.

A seedling up to three years old is covered with peat or burlap, and at the end of summer they are fed with either ash or superphosphate.

The Manchurian walnut basically doesn't require much help in shaping, it does just fine on its own. The best time to prune is when the buds have already opened. After that, this procedure is no longer carried out until the second half of August, so as not to provoke the appearance of new buds, which will simply freeze in winter.

Diseases and pests

It was mentioned above that the plant produces active biological substances that help protect against pest attacks. But it also happens that the tree is still sick. If blackened leaves are found, it should be treated with Fundazol or any copper-containing agent. Most likely this fungal disease, which damaged some segments of the nut. The treatment procedure is carried out 2 times with a break of 2 weeks.

Manchurian walnut can be affected by gall mites and gall mites. The first of the pests, the tick, waits out the cold season in the kidneys themselves, and lays eggs in them. Females fall into the leaves and tubercles are visible on them. In this case, the diseased tree should be treated with colloidal sulfur (100 grams per 10 liters of water) during bud break. In the middle of summer, Fufanon (0.1%) can be sprayed every 10-12 days. good remedy Abamectin is considered to be neurotoxic for mites. Branches that are badly damaged are cut and destroyed by burning.

Do not treat the walnut with preparations that contain pesticides, this can poison the tree and make it poisonous.

The second main pest for this tree is the nut washer. It has wings and damages the bark of shoots, leaves, flowers, creates galls in them. The most benign method of dealing with it is simply the destruction of the affected branches. When adult insects appear, the tree is sprayed with a solution of chlorophos or karbofos (90 g per 10 liters of water).

Harvesting

Under the green shell is a hard shell and a nut is placed in it. Its appearance resembles a walnut.

Nuts begin to ripen in autumn, namely in September. The shell that covers the shell begins to turn brown. This indicates the readiness to harvest.

The tree brings an abundant harvest every two years, and actively bears fruit upon reaching 8- summer age.

One plant produces about 80 kilograms of nuts per season.

Application

Nut juice contains magnesium and potassium and is very pleasant in taste. Although it does not have a healing effect, it is remarkably invigorating and refreshing.

Lovers of homeopathy and traditional medicine successfully use the leaves and green shell, as well as unripe fruits to improve general condition as an antimicrobial and antibacterial agent.

The tincture has a good diuretic effect, promotes vasodilation, and has an anthelmintic effect. Actively helps to eliminate spasms, mild pain and stop bleeding.

In China, they claim that the extract from this nut variety helps to destroy cancer cells.

Fresh leaves speed up wound healing. To do this, the leaves are kneaded to obtain juice and applied to the damaged area of \u200b\u200bthe skin and bandaged.

You can make jam from milk nuts; for this, the harvest begins to be harvested in July.

Thus, this type of nut does not require a lot of time and effort, but is able to benefit and decorate the garden plot.

Video “Growing”

From the video you will learn how to grow a walnut in your garden.

Many trees that grow successfully in the southern territories of our country have no way to grow in regions with a cooler climate. This also applies to walnuts known to all of us - sprawling and tall trees with tasty and very healthy fruits. But a good alternative to them can be a more frost-resistant Manchurian walnut. Let us clarify how the Manchurian walnut is planted and what kind of care is needed for this crop in the Moscow region, we will discuss its cultivation in a little more detail.

Manchurian walnut trees in the wild grow on Far East and in northern China. Such a culture is similar in appearance to a walnut, but there are some distinctive characteristics. So the leaves of this tree look larger than those of a walnut, the entire leaf blade can reach one meter in length. The fruits of the Manchurian walnut are slightly smaller, their shell is very dense, and the shape is oval-pointed to one of the ends. Having planted a seedling, you can expect the first harvest in the fourth year. And when grown from seeds - on the seventh or eighth.

Manchurian nuts are monoecious plants, respectively, male and female flowers are formed on them separately. Pollination occurs with the wind.

Landing in the Moscow region, cultivation

Manchurian walnut seedlings do not like transplants very much. Therefore, they must be planted immediately in a permanent place. Such trees prefer to grow in well-lit areas that are not shaded by other crops. It is allowed to grow Manchurian walnut in the lowlands, but the soil must be sufficiently fertile. Readers of "Popular about Health" need to remember that the Manchurian walnut has a deep-penetrating root system and a fairly large branched root. Accordingly, the landing must be carried out away from all kinds of buildings. When planting several seedlings, you need to place them at intervals of ten to twelve meters.

It is best to plant young trees in April or September. For them, you need to prepare a landing hole, its optimal depth is eighty to one hundred centimeters. The volume of such a hole should be equal to the volume of the root system of the seedling. At the bottom of the pit, it is necessary to lay out a layer of drainage, you can use crushed stone, broken brick and others. suitable materials. Add a layer of soil to cover the drainage. Instead of poor soil, it is necessary to use a mixture of earth taken out of the planting hole, humus, sod and sand (keep the ratio 4:2:2:1). Add to this mixture twenty to forty grams of superphosphate, as well as potash fertilizer. Mix the resulting soil well.

Before planting, you need to inspect the seedling and shorten the central root. The tree must be installed in the central part of the hole, and immediately fixed to the peg. Experienced gardeners it is recommended to plant a Manchurian nut in the Moscow region in such a way as to maintain its original position in relation to the cardinal points, it is believed that this way it will take root much easier and faster. Sprinkle the seedling with soil mixture, pour it carefully with a bucket of water. After the liquid has been absorbed, add soil and press it down, forming trunk circle. Add another five to ten liters of water, and then mulch the soil.

Manchurian walnut care in the Moscow region

Such a tree is quite moisture-loving. So in the first year of cultivation, it is necessary to ensure that the soil remains constantly moist. Moisten the soil, avoiding excessive dampness. After watering, it is imperative to loosen the soil and carry out the elimination of weeds, it is also important to mulch the soil.

Adult Manchurian nuts may well survive a lack of moisture or a rare flooding of the roots.

Young trees of the fourth year of life need to be fed with phosphorus-potassium mixtures. Such compounds are applied to the soil once for the entire growing season, optimally - during the formation of fruits. It is allowed to use only superphosphates, but at the same time it is worth adding a glass of wood ash to the ground, because it contains many nutrients.

In the Moscow region, tree care should not forget to include its preparation for winter.
Young seedlings must be insulated to prevent freezing of the tips of the branches. To do this, wrap the trunk, as well as the lower branches, using burlap or nonwoven fabric. In addition, it is worth using a grid - as a shelter from rodents, it needs to be dug into the ground and trampled around. IN winter time(after the snow falls) it is desirable to repeat this procedure.

Another milestone caring for Manchurian nuts is a periodic pruning of the crown. In fact, there is absolutely no need for such a tree to form a crown artificially. It is capable of self-formation. It is enough just to perform sanitary pruning: in early spring or during winter dormancy. In this case, defective, dead and growing down branches should be eliminated. However, if you are growing a Manchurian walnut in a small area, it is advisable to pay attention to its formation. Such procedures can be started already in the second year after planting. Proper shaping can make a tree sprawling with a short trunk, or single-stemmed with a crown that has the shape of a ball. Sometimes a bush is formed from a tree, in which several main trunks grow.

If you decide to start a Manchurian walnut on your site, then growing this tree is not so difficult, you just need to follow the above instructions.

It grows on fertile and drained soils that are sufficiently moist. He will feel great in gardens and parks. Suitable for both group plantings and singles.

The homeland of this tree is the territory of Northern China and Korea, as well as the Far East. Under natural conditions, it grows in mixed and broad-leaved forests, where its neighbors are Mongolian oak and maple, Korean cedar and spruce.

The Manchurian walnut prefers lowlands and river banks. It has proven itself well due to its healing, taste and nutritional properties, as well as the decorative effect and strength of wood.

For planting the Manchurian walnut, you should choose a moist area with fertile land.

Place and time of landing

The landing site should be dug 10 cm deep and then, adding wood ash, loosen the prepared soil.

For growing Manchurian walnut, also see the video:

The planting depth of the Manchurian walnut should be about 7-8 cm. When planting, it is recommended to lay the nuts on edge, then cover them with straw mulch or sawdust mulch, they will help the plant retain moisture.

The seeds of this plant are sown in spring and autumn. However, as practice shows, shoots in the spring period of time are formed the strongest. Only a year later, mature seedlings are planted in a permanent place. When planting a seedling in a permanent place, it is important to cut the root. Such pruning activates the growth of lateral roots, which will lie closer to the surface.

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Features of planting Manchurian walnut seedlings

Planting a Manchurian walnut seedling

Landing features include preparation seat under seedlings.

For their better survival, it is necessary to throw stones, fragments of brick or rubble into the landing site. They become drainage.
Then a layer of soil should be laid, which is mixed with turf, humus and sand.
After all the work, the seedling is installed in the hole and immediately tied to a peg, watered and covered with earth.
The soil is compacted a little around the root and then mulched with sawdust and peat so that the seedlings do not die from frost.

reproduction

The Manchurian walnut is propagated by seeds.

For this purpose, the seeds are soaked for ten days in water that is constantly changing.

Planting seeds and caring for them can be continued throughout the growing season.

Manchurian walnut can be grown by planting a finished plant that will have a good root system. In this case, it is necessary to pinch the tip of the root.

Care

The Manchurian walnut is a moisture-loving plant, therefore, in the dry season, it should be watered every week in an amount of up to twenty or more liters of water.
In the same case, if a sufficient norm of precipitation falls, then the frequency of irrigation changes downward.

If we take seedlings of 2-3 years of age, then in one season they should be watered from seven to nine times, and mature trees - only four to five times. In order to prevent moisture from stagnating near the trunk, it is important to loosen the soil as necessary, weeding weeds and applying mulch to retain moisture.

top dressing

Top dressing for the Manchurian walnut is introduced in the second half of summer. For this purpose, 10-20 g of superphosphate is used, which is diluted in ten liters of water.

The fruits of the Manchurian nut are incredibly useful

pruning

In the Manchurian walnut, branches that have dried up and are damaged by the disease should be regularly cut. It is recommended to do such an operation in early spring, until the nut is covered with foliage.

Preparing for winter

This fruit crop tolerates moderate frosts well, however, for seedlings, they can become fatal if there is little snow. To prevent this, it is necessary to cover the seedlings with dry leaves, peat or branches. Trunks of young trees should also be wrapped with burlap.

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You can also learn how to do it yourself.

Disease and pest control

The Manchurian walnut belongs to unpretentious culture which is resistant to various diseases. True, with prolonged wet weather, black spotting may develop.

As for pests, they should include the nutcracker and gall mites, as well as rodents. In the fight against rodents, processing the walnut with special kerosene is well suited.

The use of Manchurian walnut in landscape design

The Manchurian walnut, thanks to its crown, can fit into almost any decorative exposition of the site. It will perfectly plant trees and shrubs not only backyard or country cottage area, but it will also look aesthetically pleasing in the green spaces of streets and courtyards, squares and parks.

Against the background of coniferous trees, this culture looks especially impressive. In addition, thanks to the phytoncides of this crop, the plant repels mosquitoes. The parks and squares planted with the Manchurian walnut are great place for evening walks.

Healing properties

Stock up on unripe Manchurian walnuts so you don't get sick in the winter

Manchurian walnut has a number of medicinal properties. So, for example, high-quality oil is obtained from fruit kernels, which is widely used in the confectionery and food industries.

From immature kernels, delicious jam is obtained.

Due to solid wood with a beautiful texture, furniture is made from it, as well as plywood and souvenirs. The bark and shell of the nuts gives a natural dark brown or black color.

Fruits and leaves are widely used in cosmetology and in folk medicine. A decoction of walnut leaves helps to stop and purify the blood. It is used in the treatment of diseases such as tuberculosis and furunculosis.

How to plant and care for the Manchurian walnut

In the fall, on the advice of my aunt, I wanted to plant a Manchurian walnut in the garden, so in this article I, as a person who is interested in growing various crops, will tell you the most complete information about such a plant as the Manchurian walnut.

You can find out the features proper fit such a plant, to study the main requirements for the care and cultivation of the Manchurian walnut. Find out the beneficial and harmful properties of this culture.

Get reliable information about appearance and the features of the development of this plant, as well as you can find out the fertilizers that the Manchurian walnut needs, diseases and pests that interfere with obtaining a positive result during cultivation.

Manchurian walnut is a world-famous crop that can be a shrub or tree. This culture appeared in the northeast of China, then spread to many Asian countries, and only then ended up in European countries.

Currently, the plant is widely grown on the Korean Peninsula and the Far East, and specifically, in the Amur Region, Primorye and Sakhalin.

The plant itself is similar in appearance to its "brother" walnut. However, the Manchurian walnut is distinguished by a sprawling spherical crown, which only becomes more beautiful with time.

The trunk of the plant is strong and powerful, often dark gray in color.

The Manchurian walnut tree can "live" up to 250 years. This is very long term, therefore, the first fruiting occurs only at the 10-12th year of the plant's life. Manchurian walnut leaves on the same branch grow very close to each other, in summer they attract attention due to their emerald hue, and in autumn they are golden.

Much has been said about the fruits of the Manchurian walnut. They grow on a branch of 7 pieces. Their shell is strong, so it is sometimes very difficult to get to the nucleoli themselves. Fruit formation begins in late spring, and harvesting occurs in early autumn.

Manchurian nut kernels are widely used in cooking, pharmaceuticals, medicine and many other areas of public life due to their healing properties.

Manchurian walnut: benefits and harms to the human body

Manchurian walnut is a plant that is known throughout the world for its healing and beneficial properties for the human body. And this is not in vain, since the composition of the leaves, bark and fruits of the Manchurian walnut contains many components that are necessary for the human body. Among these components, scientists distinguish the following:

vitamins group A, B and C;
tannins;
potassium, magnesium, carotene;
phytoncides, alkaloids;
malic, gallic, citric acids;
coumarins and vitamins of group P, which are contained in the fruits of the plant.

The oil, which is obtained from the Manchurian nut kernels, contains many useful acids that have a unique effect on the human body.

Among these acids, science has identified the following

linoleic;
linolenic;
oleic;
palmitic;
stearic.

Manchurian walnut oil in its composition is not inferior to corn oil, which ranks first in the world in terms of the content of linoleic acid.

In addition, Manchurian walnut oil in its distinctive properties surpasses other oils necessary for mankind.

Based on the composition of this culture, the following useful properties are distinguished

increasing the body's immunity;
improvement of the gastrointestinal tract;
positive effect on the skin and hair of the body;
aid in wound healing and prevention various diseases after injury;
analgesic effect;
diuretic and vasodilating effect;
anti-inflammatory effect;
antifungal property.

However, despite all the positive properties, the nut has one drawback - causing a strong allergic reaction to its use, so you must first check the body's reaction.

Features of the correct fit

Planting a Manchurian walnut requires the following conditions

It is necessary to choose a large place for planting so that nothing grows tens of meters from the planted plant. It should be remembered that fruit plants that will grow with Manchurian nuts will experience discomfort, so do not plant all together. The planting site should be well lit, should have moist soil for the development of the plant's root system.
It is advisable to plant a Manchurian walnut in the fall, best of all in October or November, since it is at this time that the plant will be able to get all the necessary nutrients from the soil.
It is necessary to dig a deep hole, since the plant itself is large, which means that its root system will only grow every year.
During planting, various organic substances (peat, manure, humus, compost, and others) or drainage, which will consist of stones, bricks and rubble, must be added to the pit.
After adding drainage or organic matter, the next layer should be sand.
After all the actions taken, a support is substituted for the seedling, which will not allow it to die, the soil is mulched, tamped down and watered abundantly.

The main requirements for the care and cultivation of Manchurian walnut

Every plant needs to be well cared for. The Manchurian walnut is no exception. It needs careful care, not observing which can ruin it. perennial. Among the main requirements for caring for a plant, the following are distinguished:

Watering (The need for watering depends on the weather and climatic conditions in which the Manchurian nut grows. If the weather is dry in your area, then the nut needs about 20 liters of water weekly. If rain is a common occurrence in your area, then the tree should not be watered so abundantly , it is only necessary to loosen and irrigate the earth in time so that the water does not stagnate in the soil.When the time approaches winter, it is necessary to reduce the amount of water that enters the soil so that the plant begins to get used to the cold and does not continue to grow and develop rapidly.);
Pruning (The crown of the Manchurian walnut does not require special care. It is only necessary to remove dead and unnecessary parts of the plant in time. Pruning is desirable to be done twice a year: in May before flowering and at the end of August before harvesting. Experienced gardeners usually do not make some outlandish forms from the crown of a tree, often they either form it like many shrubs, or make it in the form of a palm tree so that other garden crops can be grown under the tree.);
Mulching and weeding (Mulching must be done in a timely manner so that the plant can feed on the necessary substances and continue its development quietly without getting any diseases and infections. Weeding and removing unnecessary weeds must be done constantly so that the plant has the opportunity to get more moisture and nutrients from the soil so that the tree has more space for growth and development.);
Top dressing (Fertilization is an important procedure in the life of every plant, so you need to know exactly what useful material are necessary for the plant so as not to destroy it. Manchurian walnut prefers phosphate fertilizers, which must be applied under the root of the plant in the middle of summer. It is important to observe the proportions: per 10 liters clean water it is necessary to add 15-20 grams of phosphate fertilizer. Top dressing - a stimulator of the full growth and development of the plant, which must be produced annually in order to give the plant more important substances.);

Fertilizers, diseases and pests

Among the diseases of the Manchurian walnut, various fungal diseases are widespread, which can damage the leaves of the plant or the fruits.
The main pests of the tree are gall mites, which lay their eggs on the leaves of the Manchurian walnut, and gall wasps, which appear on the bark of the shoots, leaves and flowers.
The most common fertilizers are various mineral fertilizers, organic top dressing (peat, compost, humus, manure), potash and phosphate fertilizers, drainage, which may include stones, bricks, crushed stone, sawdust.

Manchurian walnut propagation methods

Reproduction of the Manchurian walnut occurs in two main ways, among which

Propagation by seeds is a very long stage, which takes a lot of time and effort. Seeds can be prepared for planting in different ways by adjusting the temperature and humidity in which they will grow. Propagation by seed is not an efficient way to get a good harvest, as a new tree may not retain the genetic code of the parent tree and produce a completely different crop. In addition, fruiting from the seed begins only at the 11th year of the plant's life.
Propagation by seedlings - more effective method reproduction of the Manchurian walnut. There is nothing complicated in this procedure, because the finished seedling can be purchased at flower shops or in the markets. In this process, it is important not to damage the roots of the plant when planting, otherwise all your efforts, time and material resources spent were in vain.

Manchurian walnut, also known as dumbei, is a close relative of the well-known walnut. It looks almost the same and also has edible nuts - the kernels of the stones, but it can withstand much lower temperatures, therefore it replaces walnuts in the northern regions.

The birthplace of this tree, as you might guess from the name, is China, but it can also be found in the wild nature of Korea and the entire Far East region. There it grows in mixed forests with oaks, maples and a variety of conifers.

This is a large fast growing tree that reaches 10-30m in height and 10-25m in crown diameter! Not every gardener can afford to grow such a giant on the site, so before rushing to purchase a seedling, read the description of the tree and decide if you need it.

Description

The trunk of this nut is usually even by nature, it can reach 1 m in diameter and even more; the crown is not very dense, in the form of a tent, raised above the ground; the leaves secrete phytoncides and juglone, which purify, disinfect the air and repel mosquitoes. All this makes the extensive shade under the walnut an ideal place to relax in summer heat. In the northernmost regions, this plant forms a bush, but at the same time bears fruit no worse than a tree.

A young walnut grows very quickly: the seed turns into a full-fledged seedling in just 1 season, and up to 20-30 years old it gains 50-200 cm in height annually. Then the growth rate slows down. In total, this nut lives 250 - 400 years.

The frost resistance of an adult tree is very high: it tolerates long frosts down to -30 0 С and short-term frosts down to -50 0 С. However, in spring, when the buds are already swollen, frosts can damage them, and the foliage can burn in the bright sun if it blooms earlier than the soil is fully warmed up. The first 2 - 3 years of life, shelter for the winter is desirable - mulching the near-trunk circle, protecting the trunk and lower branches with burlap and a net from rodents. Such protection is especially important if the winter is cold, but without snow.

Outwardly, the Manchurian walnut can be distinguished from the walnut by the leaves - although they have the same structure, they are much larger, they can reach 60 - 100 cm in length. Moreover, each sheet consists of 7 - 21 smaller ones, 15 ± 5 cm each. The foliage has a rich green color, turns yellow in autumn and falls off.

The bark on young trees and branches is light gray and smooth, darkens with age, in some places to black, and cracks.

The roots of the Manchurian walnut go deep, in trees up to 3 years old, the root depth exceeds the height of the trunk several times - that is why it should be transplanted to a permanent place as early as possible, no later than 2 years of age. In adult trees, the root branches strongly, grows not only deep into, but also in breadth, occupying all the land under the crown. Therefore, already when planting a one-year-old tree, enough space should be retreated from other trees and buildings so that later the nut does not interfere and does not harm anyone or anything. Within a radius of 10 m from the nut there should not be apple trees, pears, bird cherry. Other fruit neighbors are also undesirable - they will not harm the nut, but from competition with it for sunlight and living space will come out as losers - fruiting will become minimal or stop altogether, and the tree will begin to wither.

Manchurian walnut blooms in the second half of spring, from mid-April and sometimes until early June. On one tree, both male inflorescences are formed - catkins, and female - brushes of 2 - 10 pistils with bright pink stigmas. Pollination occurs with the help of the wind, after which drupe fruits are tied on the female inflorescences.

The fruits ripen by autumn, the mass harvest usually falls on September 10 - 30. Nuts are distinguished by an extremely thick shell (the edible kernel occupies only about 12% of the fleshy fruit) and is relatively small size about 3cm wide and 6cm long; the core weighs about 2.5 grams. The good news is that there is no lignified partition in this nut. The kernels are very nutritious, 50% fat, and jam is made from unripe nuts.

The Manchurian walnut bears fruit less abundantly than the walnut - the maximum yield from 1 adult tree is about 80 kg. The tree bears fruit unevenly, bringing good harvest once every 2 - 3 years and the minimum - in other years.

Trees grown from walnut give the first harvest for 7-8 years of life; from a seedling purchased in a nursery - for 4-5 years, and some cultivated forms can begin to bear fruit only from 13-15 years.

And one more argument in favor of the Manchurian walnut is its healing properties. Its leaves, their juice and infusion are used to heal wounds and as an antiseptic, against foot and nail fungus, against worms, against inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, diathesis, diarrhea and thyroid diseases. In addition, according to Chinese healers, an extract from the soft part of its fruits can defeat oncological diseases and cancer.

Which place is suitable

As we mentioned above, spacious. Very soon your little sapling will turn into large tree, which will suppress all nearby plants with its extensive crown. In addition, if a building is within the root growth radius, the nut can damage its foundation.
well lit, in last resort- penumbra. While the nut is still small, your concern is to ensure that nothing obscures it. Later, he himself will grow taller than most trees on the site, but for this he needs a lot of light from the first months.
A place in a lowland (but not soured swampy), and a windy area, and urban conditions with polluted air are also suitable - the nut is not picky. Exceptions: lowlands and hilltops in the far north (too cold). Best of all, the nut grows next to a reservoir, ideally in non-freezing winter (a fast-flowing river).
We do not mention the southern regions that are too hot for this nut because there is no reason to plant the Manchurian nut there, because the walnut is superior to it in all respects, except for frost resistance.
The soil should be fertile and deep, with a neutral or alkaline reaction. Otherwise, liming is necessary. A mixture of humus, soddy soil and sand in equal parts is well suited.
If there are several nuts on the site, the distance between them should be at least 10 - 12 m, otherwise the struggle for survival cannot be avoided.

How to plant a Manchurian walnut?

You can land in September or April.
Buy a seedling. He should be 1 - 2 years old, he should have a smooth trunk and a height of up to 1m. It is better to buy in a reliable nursery, in a container, with a clod of earth.
Prepare a hole with a depth of about 1 m or a little less (for one-year-old plants) and a width of 1.5 times the seedling's earthen coma.
At the bottom, organize a drainage of about 20 cm from pebbles, broken brick, ceramic shards, crushed stone or other improvised material.
Cover the drainage with a small, 7 - 10 cm layer of fertile soil. Well-ripened compost, soddy soil, and clean river sand can be added to ordinary garden soil. To provide nutrition for the first 1 - 2 years, 30 - 40 g of dry phosphate and potash fertilizers are mixed into the ground. Lime or wood ash must be added to acidic soil.
Pull the seedling out of the container along with a clod of earth. Pay attention to the tip of the central root: shorten it if it has not already been done before you. It stimulates active growth walnut.
Place the seedling in the center of the hole so that its root collar is at ground level. Drive in a peg nearby and tie a tree to it.
Fill half of the remaining space with the primer from step 5.
Pour 10 liters of water into the hole with the seedling
Add earth and lightly compact it with your hands.
Pour another 5 - 10 liters of water (depending on the initial state of soil moisture and the size of the seedling).
Mulch the trunk circle with peat, fallen leaves (only healthy) or sawdust. In this case, it is better not to use bark, sawdust and needles of coniferous trees.

How to care

Although in general this tree is unpretentious, in the first years it also needs care. An adult tree practically does not need a person, but without a proper haircut it can grow more than you would like, or simply lose its decorative effect due to dry branches. But first things first:

For the first, and better - and for the second wintering, a young nut needs shelter. Wrap the trunk and branches (only the lower ones are possible) with burlap or non-woven covering material and fix it with twine, but not too tightly. Mulch the trunk circle with a layer of about 10 cm. At the base of the trunk, put poison for rodents and wrap the trunk with a metal mesh from them. In the spring, as soon as the temperature rises above zero, remove covers (including an extra layer of mulch) so that the tree does not rot.
In the first season after planting, the nut is watered every 1.5 - 2 weeks, unless it rains and the soil dries up. Starting from the second year of life in a permanent place, watering is reduced to 5 - 7 times a season, and from 4 years old, the walnut is watered 3 times a year - 1 time in each summer month. An adult Manchurian walnut needs watering only when there has been no precipitation for 3-4 weeks, and the ground has dried out deeply.
After each watering, it is necessary to loosen the near-trunk circle so that the earth in it does not seize with a crust and does not block the access of oxygen to the roots. Along the way, weeds should be removed. To make it easier to care for a tree, you can mulch its trunk circle - for example, wood chips hardwood trees. It will not only keep the soil loose and prevent weeds from appearing, but it will also increase the nutritional value of the soil when it starts to rot.
Top dressing can be carried out in June, when the fruits are formed, with phosphate and potash fertilizers. They are bred in water for watering the nut.
It is advisable to dig a circle around the tree once a year, approximately coinciding with the edges of its crown - this will improve the access of oxygen to the roots. The entire area of \u200b\u200bthe soil under the crown should not be trampled and allowed to be over-compacted - keep this in mind if you decide to equip a recreation area under a nut.
Sanitary cutting of the crown is a mandatory procedure and can be carried out from April to June. At the same time, all dry, broken, strongly twisted or branches directed towards the middle of the crown are removed. Otherwise, they create an extra load on the tree and prevent it from fully developing and bearing fruit.
The walnut does not need forming pruning - it itself builds up a beautiful sprawling openwork crown. However, you may need such a pruning of a walnut to make it convenient to harvest, or so that the walnut takes up a minimum of space on the site, or to save an old tree with a diseased crown. It should be started when the nut is 2 years old, and carried out further every spring, when the air warms up to +10 0 C and buds appear on the tree. Depending on the purpose (and climate) you can shape your nut like this:
A sprawling tree on a low trunk - it is convenient to pick nuts from this, it is more convenient to take care of the crown, it is good to relax under it, and it will also be convenient and interesting for children to climb on it. To form it, all buds are removed from the trunk below a given height (usually 0.5 - 1 m) to prevent the growth of lateral branches directly above the ground, and the top of the trunk is cut off above the lateral bud. As a result, the leading shoot (top of the trunk) is redirected horizontally, the tree practically stops growing upwards, and even the lowest branches have enough light. A very wide crown is formed, in some places the branches descend to the ground.
Walnut - “palm tree”: a tree with a compact crown on a high trunk is your option if you want to plant a nut, but there is not much space on the site, and you are not ready to sacrifice the rest of the trees. For its formation, a trunk is formed 1.5 - 2 m high, removing all side branches and buds from it (leaving a bare, even trunk), and pinching the top. As a result, the tree branches more strongly, and the crown can eventually be formed into a relatively small dense ball, shortening the branches by no more than 50% at a time. The branches of the middle tier, which should be the longest, are also slightly shortened to stimulate branching.
The bush is the natural form of the Manchurian walnut in the northern regions. In addition, this form is convenient for planting around the perimeter of the site if you do not have room for a large walnut tree, and can also be a way to save a tree with a badly damaged crown. To form it, pinch the top of the nut or cut it into a stump to stimulate the appearance of basal shoots. From it, 5 - 7 of the strongest shoots are selected, which will become skeletal branches. In the future, the shape is maintained by regular thinning and shaping haircuts.

How to grow a seedling from a walnut yourself?

In fact, this process is not so complicated, and in the case of a walnut, it is also quite fast compared to other trees.

Self-sowing walnut reproduces very rarely - usually the seeds do not have enough moisture in the soil for germination.

The first stage of sowing a nut is the collection and stratification of its fruits. They remain viable for no longer than 2-3 years. Mature nuts that have fallen from a tree on their own should be quite long time lead in the cold. There are several options for this:

Podzimny (autumn) sowing in open ground- the most natural way
Store nuts all winter in the refrigerator, and 10 days before sowing, place them in warm water that needs to be changed every day.
After collection, soak in cool water, and then place in a refrigerator or cellar (not warmer than +7 0 C) for 2 months.
In autumn, store for 1 month at room temperature and then buried in the snow for the whole winter
Extreme fast way: at the beginning of March, pour for a day hot water, and then plant in the sand and wait for seedlings in a month.

The nut is usually sown in open ground. To do this, they dig it up, rush with lime or ash and water it. Holes for nuts should be 6 - 8 cm deep, located at a distance of at least 10 cm from each other. So that rodents do not eat nuts in winter, they should be dipped in kerosene, and then placed in the hole, on the edge. Seeds are covered with soil or wet sand or sawdust and mulched.

In the spring, those seeds that were sown in the fall and were stratified in the ground are the first to sprout.

The sooner you transplant the nut to a permanent place, the better. You can do this as soon as the seedlings appear. When transplanting, it is advisable to mark one branch or leaf, directed, for example, to the north, and in a new place to place the tree with the same side to the north. This will make it easier for him to adapt.

In any case, when transplanting, the root should be very carefully dug up (remember, it is much longer than the stem of the seedling) and shortened a little to stimulate the growth of the nut. Even for very small seedlings, it is better to use a full-fledged landing pit up to 1m deep to provide the tree with a good drainage layer for life. However, if the soil in your area is light and nutritious, and ground water lie deep, you can ignore this advice and plant a nut in a small hole proportional to the size of the seedling.

Diseases and pests

In general, this plant protects itself, because its leaves secrete substances that disinfect the air and repel insects. However, occasionally the Manchurian walnut can be attacked by gall mites or gall wasps. In the fight against the first, treatment with colloidal sulfur in early spring or preparations such as Fufanon, Abamectin in the summer helps. The use of acaricidal preparations, as well as pesticides, is highly undesirable (although they cope with mites much easier), because they linger in fruits, making them dangerous to human health.

It is better to cut down branches of a nut affected by a nutworm in early spring and burn it outside the garden, and if you notice this insect on a nut in the summer, treat the tree with karbofos or chlorophos.

If cool but humid weather lingers outside, walnut leaves may be affected by black spotting. This is a fungal disease, which the solution will help get rid of. blue vitriol or Bordeaux liquid.