Manchurian nut - benefits and harm to the body, composition and properties. The benefits and harms of Manchurian nuts for the body of men and women

Majestic fruit tree with spreading branches and a dense succulent crown will aesthetically form any decorative corners in the areas, especially if to create garden design alternate it when planting next to conifers, against the backdrop of a trimmed thick lawn. Manchurian nuts also have a lot of health benefits:

fresh leaves, like plantain, are pressed to open wounds for disinfection
a decoction of fresh leaves helps to cure diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, inflammation of the gums and flexion of the foot (immerse your feet in the decoction for 30 minutes for several days in a row)
nut kernels contain many vitamins, 50% polyunsaturated fat (consumed raw)

Planting Manchurian walnut

It is almost impossible to transplant seedlings without loss, so for a Manchurian walnut seedling you should immediately select the final planting site. Nuts love sunny places, reaching for the sky if there is no shade. Planting in lowlands is allowed, but only on mineral-rich, oily soil. The tree's roots spread very deeply and widely, so it is better to plant the tree away from the foundation of the house and other buildings.

The seedling should be planted either in early spring(early April) or September. Dig a hole 100 cm deep and 50 cm wide. Crushed brick or crushed stone is suitable as drainage. Then comes a layer of soil for drainage and planting mixture (in case of poor soil). Fill the hole with the seedling with a mixture of earth, humus and sand. It is recommended to add phosphate and potassium fertilizers, wood ash (from 1 cup).

Usually 2-year-old seedlings are planted; after planting, they should be tied to a stake immediately. Before pouring the soil mixture into the hole, pour a bucket of water onto the root. Then add soil, crush it thoroughly and fill another bucket. Sprinkle a mixture of peat and sawdust and compost around the trunk.

Seedlings should be insulated for winter to preserve them. In young Manchurian nuts, the tips of the branches are often frozen. Wrap the trunk with netting to keep mice and rats away. The mesh must be dug into the ground and trampled down thoroughly.

It is possible to propagate the tree in another way - by seeds. To do this, choose the best tree nuts with a 1-2 year shelf life. They can be planted either in spring or autumn. You should know that Manchurian walnut does not tolerate acidic soil, so when planting, you should sprinkle the hole with wood ash. The depth of the hole is from 6 to 10 cm. Before planting, it is advisable to moisten the nut with kerosene so that it appears unpleasant to mice. In spring when favorable conditions Well-watered fruits will produce powerful sprouts.

Tree care

When transferring to permanent place The seedling should maintain the original orientation of the tree in relation to the parts of the world. This way it will take root faster and get stronger. The plant loves moisture and frequent watering. The soil of a young tree should always be watered. Regular watering is 3-4 times a month, but not until a puddle forms, without flooding. By the third year, watering should be done less frequently - up to 1-2 times a month.

After the fourth year, the plant is watered only once a month. Wet soil at the roots should be loosened. With this care, in the fourth year the Manchurian nut blooms and enters the fruiting stage of edible nuts.

In the first years of growth, regular fertilizing with phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is recommended - once a summer. It is advisable to pour under the root along the entire diameter along the shovel wood ash, this will allow the culture to develop correctly and form a beautiful crown.

Trees tolerate dry conditions and light flooding well. To prevent burns, the trunk must be whitened with lime and clay.

Another important point caring for Manchurian walnut - pruning the crown. In fact, the nut does not require artificial formation of the top. He is able to grow a rounded and very even crown himself. However, you still need to cut out dried and too crooked branches. And if the nut grows on small area, then it is impossible to do without pruning the entire crown, because it is necessary to give the neighboring crops the opportunity to grow.

The walnut has many relatives, among which it is impossible not to mention the Manchurian walnut. In some sources it is incorrectly called "Manchurian nut". Second scientific name is "Dumbey walnut". The name in Latin is Juglans mandshurica.

Family - Nuts. It is a monoecious tree or shrub.

Possesses a huge number of miraculous and beneficial properties, which is why it is used both in cooking and folk medicine.

Appearance

The nut grows on a tree whose height can reach twenty-five meters. The crown of the plant is openwork, widely spreading. The life cycle of a tree is about 250 years. Growth occurs quite quickly, the size of the branches reaches two meters.

The leaves on the tree are quite large, odd-pinnate, and can be one meter long. They grow 7-20 elongated leaves with jagged edges. Their length is no more than 20 centimeters, and their width is up to 10 centimeters.

The Manchurian walnut begins to bloom around mid-May. During this period, male flowers receive long catkins, while female flowers are small racemes.

Fruits are formed from small staminate flowers

The fruits are located on clusters of 2-7 pieces. Single fruits are occasionally found. They are covered with a green pericarp, the thickness of which is about 5-7 mm.

When the fruit ripens, the pericarp acquires a lighter shade, becomes covered with brown spots, after which it becomes black and dries out.

The fruit can be up to 7 cm long and its diameter no more than 4 cm. The drupe has characteristic wrinkles, its length is up to 6 cm. The shell can be about 5 mm thick. The edible part usually weighs 2.5 grams. Of the entire fruit, 12% is the core, 37% is the pericarp, and 51% is the shell.

Where does it grow

This tree is common in mixed and coniferous forests in the territory Far East, China. They are also often found on the Korean Peninsula. They love proximity to trees such as pine, cedar, and larch. In general, coniferous trees have a positive effect on the growth and development of Manchurian walnut. Trees are found in the lower mountain zones and along rivers.

Peculiarities

There are several features of the use of this type of nut.

Every aspect of the tree, from the trunk to the kernels, can be useful:

The wood has not only high hardness, but also a very beautiful texture. This ensured the widespread use of Manchurian walnut in the production of furniture and all kinds of souvenirs.
The bark and shell of the nuts are used for cooking natural paints black and brown.
The tree provides excellent honey production.
The fruits and leaves are very widely used in the manufacture of cosmetics, as well as in traditional medicine recipes.
The consumption of these nuts is strictly contraindicated for pets, as they contribute to poisoning.

Nutritional value and calorie content

Approximately 55% of the ripened nut kernel is nutritious oils of increased benefit. It is also worth noting that unripe nuts contain large quantities vitamin C. From the peel you can get vitamins such as: P, A, C, B1, essential oils, sugar.

As for calorie content, per 100 g. product accounts for:

Chemical composition

The following useful components and chemical elements can be identified in the composition of Manchurian nuts:

lemon acid;
Apple acid;
tannins;
coumarins;
carotene;
phytonicides;
alkaloids, etc.

Beneficial features

In terms of the number of beneficial properties, the Manchurian nut is inferior to few others. However, they should be discussed in more detail.

The fruits, according to experts, have antifungal, wound healing and analgesic effects.
Knit and disinfect.
With the help of leaves, the air is perfectly purified.
Leaves and green fruits are used in homeopathy.
Many recipes in world medicine include components such as bark, shell, partitions, and rhizomes obtained from the Manchurian nut.
The bark helps relieve pain and inflammation.
The leaves act as an antiseptic.
Acts as a natural antibiotic.
Fresh and dried leaves heal at times.
Walnut tincture dilates blood vessels, relieves spasms, stops bleeding, acts as a diuretic, counteracts the development of worms in the body, and relieves pain.
According to Chinese folk medicine, Manchurian nut can fight tumors. To do this, use an extract from the peel.

Harm and contraindications

The nut has no contraindications or harmful effects as such. However, the properties and capabilities of the plant have not yet been fully studied, and therefore doctors recommend some caution.

Do not consume nuts, infusions, decoctions and oils from it if you have an individual intolerance.
Also, you should not use Manchurian nut if you are allergic or hypersensitive to the components that make up the nut and preparations made from it.
During pregnancy or during breastfeeding, it is better to avoid nuts, or consume them after consultation with specialists.

Juice

The juice obtained from the nut does not have pronounced medicinal properties. It is an invigorating and quite refreshing drink.

The juice is best obtained in the spring, when it has a pleasant sweetish taste. This is due to the content of more than four percent sugar. Gardeners and traditional healers do not recommend harming a tree by trying to extract sap from it.

Oil

There is a special medical drug- oil from this nut. It has a set of useful properties and can be used internally and externally.

Internal use

Due to the presence of special substances, the oil from this nut inhibits the growth of tumors, fights bacteria, microbes, inflammation, sclerosis of blood vessels and the brain. The drug can also improve metabolism, lower blood sugar levels, normalize skin condition, rejuvenate, etc.

Take 1 tsp of oil internally. twice a day, about 20 minutes before meals. The course can last 14-30 days.

External use

Has an auxiliary effect on lichen, purulent rash, lupus;
Promotes healing of wounds and boils;
Fights painful calluses;
May help with gum problems;
Eliminates foot fungus;
Helps with sore throat.

Externally the oil is used as compresses. Their duration can be no more than 30 minutes. If you are making a compress against a boil, then do not heat the oil under any circumstances.

Application

In cooking

In fact, the Manchurian nut has never found widespread use in cooking or preparing certain dishes. This is largely due to the small proportion of the kernel in the nut itself and the very thick shell. In this component, the walnut is much more attractive.

But there are still several options for how you can use nuts:

The kernels can be eaten raw, roasted or dried;
They can perfectly complement cakes and pastries;
They are often added to halva;
Small unripe fruits make excellent vitamin jam, literally overflowing with vitamin C.

Manchurian walnut goes well with vegetable and fruit salads

In medicine

It is not for nothing that they say that Manchurian nut is a remedy for hundreds of diseases. For many decades and even centuries, decoctions, tinctures and other means have been made based on it to combat or prevent many problems.

Thanks to him medicinal properties Manchurian nut is used as follows:

From fresh leaves you can prepare a decoction, which can be used to heal wounds, eliminate boils, calluses, and so on.
Infusion and decoction when used internally and locally helps fight skin diseases.
The decoction can be used as a mouth rinse, which will relieve inflammation, fight bleeding gums, and help with sore throat.
A decoction made from the nut will also help you with diarrhea or gastritis, and will cure diathesis and rickets for children.
If you have rheumatism, then it is recommended to take a bath using walnut bark.
Manchurian nuts also help with bleeding from hemorrhoids, wounds and other types of bleeding.
Special recipes based on the nut allow you to cope with asthma and bronchitis, hypertension, thyroid problems, diabetes mellitus, oncology, infertility and so on.
Decoctions based on walnut leaves are excellent remedy to restore hair color and structure, as well as to combat dandruff.

Tincture

If you want to have a general strengthening effect on your body and normalize the functioning of the immune system, then prepare a nut tincture.

To do this, take about 40 nuts, grind them and add a liter of vodka or moonshine. It is also recommended to add honey to taste. By infusing the mixture for 5 weeks in a dark place, you will get a useful tincture. Strain it before using. It is necessary to take the product half an hour before meals and no more than 1 tablespoon.

Infusion

There are several ways to prepare an infusion using Manchurian nuts. All of them have a very beneficial effect on the body.

On the water. For 1 tbsp. leaves (you need to chop them first) add 200 milliliters of boiling water. You need to leave for about thirty minutes and then strain. Take a tablespoon three times a day.
In oil. Take about 60 grams of fresh leaves and add 300 ml. sunflower oil. Alternatively apply olive oil. The mixture needs to infuse for 20-25 days. Helps with calluses, skin damage, and is used as a compress.

Decoction

To prepare the decoction yourself, you need to take five nuts, break them with a hammer and add a glass of water. Place the mixture on low heat and boil for about thirty minutes. After this, the broth is infused for an hour.

Excellently helps in the fight against hypertension. You need to take 1 tbsp. l. before every meal. But such a course of treatment can be carried out for no more than 3 weeks. After 30-45 days, the course is repeated if necessary.

Growing

This nut is good because it can withstand frosts down to 30 degrees below zero without any problems. That’s why it is often planted instead of the more familiar walnut. Their tastes are similar, but Manchurian is more delicate. The calorie content is 5 times higher than chicken and 8 times higher than fish. The only drawback is the very thick shell. On this moment specialists are trying to develop varieties with thinner shells. There are already some progress.

Landing

To plant, you need to place the nuts on edge in a recess of about 100 ml. The soil must be fertilized. Over time, one must not forget to water the planting site generously.

The leaves must be mulched. In June, as a rule, shoots already appear. The mulch is removed and the area continues to be watered abundantly. As soon as two full leaves appear, it’s time to feed the seedlings.

Saplings

If the seedlings are annual, then they can be planted in a permanent place. To achieve the development of a powerful root system, it is necessary to trim the tap root (central).

The size of the planting hole is 0.5 by 0.5 meters. It is advisable to place bricks, nails or some kind of tin cans at the bottom. Cover with good, fertile soil.

Please note that fruits on the tree will appear only in the sixth year. And then, provided proper care and abundant watering.

Care

During the first years, the seedling needs to be watered generously, especially on hot days.
Periodically you need to loosen the soil to a depth of 5-9 cm.
Pull out the weeds.
You can add a layer of mulch on top.
The plant needs to be fed in August. To prepare the mixture for feeding 15 g. Dilute superphosphate in 10 liters. water.
For the winter, young Manchurian nuts must be covered. You can use dry leaves, peat and burlap.

Flowering occurs towards the end of May, and the fruits ripen in late August or early September. If the nut is ripe, it falls off on its own.

Manchurian walnut(Juglans manshurica Max.) is naturally widespread in Northern China, Manchuria, North Korea, in the USSR - in the Far East - in the southern part of the Khabarovsk Territory, in the Primorsky Territory, in the south of the island. Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands.

It grows mainly along the banks of rivers, in depressions, rising into the mountains up to 400 m, and is usually found on the best soils in terms of fertility. It is a companion to coniferous plantations of Korean cedar, Sayan spruce and deciduous forests with Mongolian oak, Far Eastern maple species and other species. It very rarely forms pure stands.

It grows as a tree up to 20-27 m high and 1 m in diameter. Durability up to 200 years. The bark of the trunk is smooth, gray until 20 years of age, then cracks, dark brown, very thick. Shoots up to 0.8 cm thick are light greenish, glandular-pubescent in the upper part with yellow lentils up to 0.6 cm long. The buds at the ends of the shoots are oblong-ovate, yellowish-brown, densely pubescent, up to 1 cm long and 0.7 cm wide, the lateral ones are small, up to 0.2-0.3 cm in diameter, and also densely pubescent, often 2 one above the other.

The leaves are large, up to 45-60 cm long, sometimes, especially on shoots, much larger, with 9-21 leaflets. The leaves are oblong-elliptical, with almost parallel serrated edges, rounded at the base, wedge-shaped at the apex, green or light green with stellate hairs on the upper side, pale, densely hairy on the lower side, 10-21 cm long and 4-8 cm wide The rachis is densely pubescent.

Catkins with staminate flowers 10-30 cm long and 1 cm in diameter, often growing together in 2-4 catkins. A staminate flower contains 9-14 stamens.

Pistillate flowers, 3-12 in racemes. The axis of the brush, like the pistils, is grayish-green, densely glandular-pubescent; the pistils are oblong-bottle-shaped with long narrow stigmas, red in color.

Manchurian walnut trees are sharply dichogamous and simultaneous flowering of staminate and pistillate flowers is not observed on the same individual. Its flowers bloom simultaneously with leafing out in late April - early May (Ukrainian SSR) and are usually often damaged by spring frosts in May. In Harbin conditions, flowering begins in early May and continues until June.

The fruits vary in shape, from ovoid to oval and oblong. Pericarp is 4-6 cm long and 2-4 cm thick, sticky, glandular-pubescent, indehiscent. The endocarp is pointed, dark brown, up to 5 cm long and 2-3 cm thick with 8 longitudinal sutures and a smoothly grooved surface between them. The shell is very thick and hard with numerous gaps inside. The seed kernel is oily, by weight it makes up 15-19% of the endocarp weight, the taste does not differ from the taste of walnut seeds, it is difficult to extract, the fat content is up to 70%.

Wood tall technical properties, similar to the wood of Amur velvet and cedar, but inferior to the wood of walnut and black nuts, is somewhat superior to the wood of gray walnut. Also widely used in furniture production, aircraft manufacturing, used for finishing interiors of buildings, carriages, cars, etc.

Plant researchers of the Far Eastern region V.L. Komarov and E.N. Klobukova-Alisova encountered Manchurian walnut along forest edges, ravines and river valleys. They characterize it as a tall tree with gray bark, a very straight and even trunk. According to B.A. Ivashkevich, who studied the forests of Manchuria and the Ussuri region, the Manchurian walnut in the first tier of coniferous-deciduous plantations grows as a slender tree, reaching a height of 22 m, but in the 2nd tier and in the undergrowth it takes on a bush-like appearance, developing at the same time in the words of this author, “unusually large leaves.” Thus, the nut, even in soil and climatic conditions optimal for growth, sharply changes its growth form under the influence of changes in the environmental situation, light starvation and root competition with other species.

Depending on the growing conditions in the Far East, in natural plantings of quality II at 100 years of age reaches a height of 27 m and 48 cm in diameter, and in quality III, respectively, 18.7 m and 40.2 cm (according to A. A. Tsymek) .

In European countries and on the European territory of the USSR, the culture of Manchurian walnut has been around for centuries. Its high winter hardiness has been established everywhere. The exceptional frost resistance of this species is also evidenced by the results of its cultivation in a number of places in Central Siberia - Krasnoyarsk, Minusinsk, Abakan, etc. Under these conditions, at the age of 40 it reaches a height of 12 m and 23.6 cm in diameter (according to E.N. Protopopova), and I. I. Galaktionov and A. V. By recommend Manchurian walnut for cultivation in Western Siberia and Southern Transbaikalia for group and single plantings.

It is distinguished by its love of moisture, demanding fertile but light loamy or sandy loam soils, fresh or wet. A peculiarity of this species in southern conditions is the early leafing out in the spring and the early leaf fall in the fall. This is associated with its susceptibility to late spring frosts in May, from which shoots suffer, growth is lost, straightness is disrupted, and forks appear. Even in the southern regions of Ukraine (Kirovograd region) it suffers greatly from late spring frosts, reduces growth, bushes, reaching a height of 13.8 m and 21.5 cm in diameter at the age of 38 (Badalov, 1971). To avoid these undesirable phenomena to some extent, Manchurian nuts should be grown in ventilated, elevated areas with no air stagnation or measures should be taken to combat late May frosts. Weak drought and heat resistance are the second undesirable for the crop biological feature Manchurian nut. It limits the possibilities of its culture in the steppe and even forest-steppe regions of Ukraine, in the North Caucasus and in Central Asia. According to V.I. Dobrovolsky, this breed in the south of Ukraine dies in forest crops from drought already at the age of 10 and grows extremely slowly in its northeastern regions. V.I. Dobrovolsky outlined the line Lutsk - Kyiv - Sumy - Voronezh - Saratov, south of which it is not recommended to grow Manchurian nuts in forest crops. In areas further north of this line it grows well, especially in places where there are no spring returns of frost.

A.E. Koenig examined forest crops in the Sumy and Poltava regions. On gray forest loams when mixed with shrubs, Norway maple and small-leaved linden, the nut grows well, reaching a height of 7.8 m and 7 cm in diameter at the age of 15. When mixed with oak, it is quickly drowned out by this species and falls out. In forest plantations it should be planted as the main species, the distance between its trees should be at least 10 m.

In the Trostyanets arboretum, Chernigov region. Manchurian walnut grows well in groups and singly and at the age of 43 years reaches a height of 16 m and 43 cm in diameter, the first flowering was noted in the 13th year, the average flowering date is May 15 (Misnik, 1976).

In Kyiv, Manchurian walnut also grows well in group plantings on the territory of the Exhibition of National Economic Achievements, in the arboretum of the lesfak of the Ukrainian Agricultural Academy (Goloseevo), in the Central Republican Garden and in other places and areas of the city and region.

Interesting studies by B.K. Grishko-Bogmenko showed that the Manchurian walnut has a pronounced antimicrobial effect and is superior in bactericidal activity to such valuable native species as oak, linden and pine. This species begins to bear fruit in Kyiv very early, from 6-7 or even 5 years of age.

In even more northern regions, in Belarus, Manchurian walnut is found in various types of plantings - forest crops, landscaping of populated areas, roads, parks and gardens. On fresh loams it develops a deep taproot and widely branched root system; at the age of 17 it reaches a height of 8.6 m and 8.1 cm in diameter (Ivanov, 1975).

In Gomel region. at the age of 14 it reaches a height of 6.2 m and 5.4 cm in diameter, at the age of 17, 9.5 m and 12 cm, respectively. At the age of 45, the height of the Manchurian walnut was 20 m and the diameter was 35 cm. In Minsk, In the Central Botanical Garden, flowering occurs on May 19, fruits ripen at the end of August, leaves fall in the first ten days of September.

In Latvia, Manchurian nut is considered valuable decorative types with high winter hardiness and promising for widespread use in forest crops. Measurements of trees in the Sapgeste forestry of the Valgaman forestry showed that at 50 years of age it reaches a height of 13 m and 35 cm in diameter. Some better height he has in Leningrad. Thus, the Manchurian walnut in the arboretum and LTA park, although it suffers from low temperatures in harsh winters, however, some of its trees grow well and bear fruit, reaching a height of 23 m at the age of 62 years, 71 cm in diameter and 17.5 m in crown diameter. In slightly more northern conditions, in the botanical garden of Petrozavodsk University, the Manchurian nut turned out to be the most resistant among other types of nuts, does not freeze, blooms and bears fruit.

In the Moscow region. Manchurian nut grows twice as fast as in its homeland. So, at the age of 8 in Moscow its height is 6 m, its diameter is 9 cm, and in the Far East it is 2.2 m and 3.7 cm, respectively; at 20 years old in Moscow 10 m and 22 cm, at home 6 m and 7.8 cm and, finally, at 50 years old its height in Moscow is 27 m, diameter 65 cm, but in natural conditions only 14 m and 2 cm.

In Lesnaya experienced dacha TSHA grows well under the canopy of a pine plantation and bears fruit. Its second generation has been grown, which does not suffer from frosts and... frost.

In Bashkiria, Manchurian walnut grows more successfully in pure crops established by sowing seeds than in mixed crops created by planting seedlings. Thus, at the age of 10, the height of trees in cultivated crops reached an average of 475 cm and 6.1 cm in diameter, and in mixed crops created by planting, respectively, 196 cm and 3.9 cm (according to D. A. Ilyichev).

Grows well in the Middle Urals and in many areas of Siberia. In the south of the European territory of the RSFSR, as well as in the republics of Transcaucasia and Central Asia, it suffers from heat and dryness and is grown only as decorative tree in favorable humidity conditions.

In Transcaucasia, near Borjomi, it grows well in forest nursery conditions and at the age of 20 reaches a height of 12 m and 15 cm in diameter. The beginning of fruiting was noted at the age of 14. In the Batumi Botanical Garden at the age of 52, its height is 22 m and diameter is 26 cm (according to A. A. Dmitrieva).

It is unsuitable for cultivation in Central Asia due to weak drought and heat resistance, but individual trees in group plantings grow well, reaching a height of 13.5 m and 16 cm in diameter at the age of 18.

In Tajikistan, Manchurian nut is used in landscaping populated areas in mountainous areas with moderate summer temperatures and high humidity, reaching a height of 10 m and 2 cm in diameter.

An interesting decorative form Manchurian walnut - dissected leaflet (J. m. var. Laciniata B. Kozo-Poliansky). A tree of this form grows rapidly, reaching a height of 5 m and 8.5 cm in diameter at the age of 10, and has huge original form leaves. Their length is up to 75 cm, width 35 cm, the number of pinnately dissected leaflets in a leaf is from 17 to 23, their dimensions are 20 cm in length and 10 cm in width. The tree bears fruit, the fruits ripen at the end of August.

This form also grows in the Voronezh Botanical Garden of Voronezh State University; at the age of 12 it reaches a height of 2.5 m, blooms and bears fruit.

After ripening and harvesting, the fruits of the Manchurian walnut are cleared of the pericarp and sown in the same autumn or stratified during autumn and winter before sowing in the spring. The sowing depth is 8-9 cm in autumn, 6-7 cm in spring. For sowing, seeds should be used from the best (elite) trees of local origin or from neighboring areas.

An interesting experiment in accelerated stratification was carried out by P. I. Mzhelsky. The seeds received by the Kuibyshev forestry enterprise at the beginning of March 1939 were immersed for a day in hot water, after which they are stratified in sand in 2-3 layers and left in a heated room. Within a month, at the beginning of April, the seeds of the top layer began to germinate, and at the end of April all of them sprouted.

Manchurian walnut is a very beautiful and useful plant originally from the Far East. By appearance this tree is very similar to a walnut: the same tent-shaped and spreading crown, dark gray trunk bark and light gray branches. However, the distinctive features are clearly expressed - the leaves of the Manchurian walnut are long, can reach one meter, and the leaf blade is larger and has jagged edges, as well as a pointed tip. In the warm season - spring and summer - the foliage has a bright emerald color, and by autumn it turns golden.

The fruits of the Manchurian nut are significantly smaller in size compared to walnut- only 3 cm in diameter. They have a very thick green shell, which, when ripe in August-September, becomes Brown color. One branch can contain from 2 to 7 nuts at once. Its most important difference between Manchurian walnut and walnut, and its most important advantage is frost resistance. The plant can withstand temperatures of -45°. That is why many gardeners and vegetable gardeners want to plant this crop on their plots. But for the Manchurian nut to take root and bring good harvest, you need to have the appropriate knowledge.

Botanical description of Manchurian walnut

Manchurian walnut belongs to the Walnut family; it grows as a shrub in sunny places, monoeciously for up to 200 years, both in mixed and coniferous forests. It actively develops up to 90 years of age: up to 20 years of age, the annual growth is 2 m, and in subsequent years - 50 cm in length and width. The Manchurian nut bears its first fruits 5-8 years after planting, and bears full fruit in 12-15 years. It blooms with the onset of warm weather, mainly in April - May. It is interesting that on one shrub both female clusters of few flowers and male flowers in the form of yellow-green earrings. Pollination of the plant occurs due to the wind. The Manchurian walnut loves moisture very much, so it most often settles near rivers or in the lower belt of mountains.

How to grow Manchurian walnut at home

Planting Manchurian walnut is a painstaking job that requires adherence to clear rules, patience and time. First you need to grow Manchurian walnut seedlings. How to do it:

It is more advisable to sow seeds in the fall so that the first shoots appear in early spring.
Select land plot, where the soil is most fertile and there are no barriers to sunlight. It is also important that no other hazel trees grow near the site, and that there are no grapes that will simply disappear when the Manchurian nut takes root.
Dig the chosen place 10 cm deep, fertilize it with ash and thoroughly loosen the soil.
Mark the holes so that no more than 10 seeds are placed per 1 m2. Manchurian walnut is a large tree with a powerful taproot and two lateral roots, so it requires space for normal growth and development.
As seeds, you need to use nuts that are two years old; young ones and those that have been lying around for more than 3 years are not suitable for sowing.
Treat each seed with kerosene so that neither mice nor any other rodents destroy the nuts.
Place the nuts in the holes on the edge, keeping a distance of 10 cm between each one.
Fill the holes well with soil and mulch them thoroughly to keep the soil moist.

When the seedlings sprout, they need to be transplanted to a permanent place with fertile soil away from buildings. Doing so better in autumn. It is important to shorten the central root of each seedling so that the crop grows better. The area where the Manchurian walnut will grow, need to prepare:

Dig holes for seedlings so that there is a distance of 10-12 m between them.
The volume of each pit should be 80-100 cm.
Any drainage must be laid in each hole. It is better if it is crushed stone or broken brick.
Cover the drainage with a layer of fertilizer to provide nutrients to the soil.
Be sure to mix the top layer of soil with humus in a ratio of 4:2. You can also add turf and sand 2:1 here.
It is important to fill all holes well with water before planting.
Each seedling should be immediately tied to a peg and the soil around them should be mulched with peat, sawdust or leaves.
For the winter, each seedling needs to be insulated with burlap and wrapped with a special mesh to protect it from rodents.

Features of caring for Manchurian nuts

After the seedling has been transplanted, it is important to maintain constant humidity in the place where it grows. To do this, every week, especially in the dry season, you need to water the plant.
To prevent moisture from stagnating near the trunks, the soil must be periodically loosened, weeded and mulched.
In the second half of summer, Manchurian walnut needs feeding. The best option The fertilizer for this tree is superphosphate. It is enough to take 20 g of the substance, dilute it in 10 liters of water, and water the plant with the resulting liquid.
At the beginning of spring, the Manchurian walnut tree needs to be “treated” - cut off its dried or damaged branches.

From the second year of a plant’s life, a crown can be artificially formed by making it into:

spreading tree with a short trunk;
single-trunk tree with a spherical crown shape;
bush with several main trunks. A photo of a Manchurian walnut with such a crown is presented below.

conclusions

Growing Manchurian nuts at home is very simple and also useful. After all, this tree has antimicrobial and healing properties. It is an excellent honey plant. From its fruits you can create a medicine, cosmetic product or delicious jam. The bark of the Manchurian walnut can be used to make rich dark brown paint, and the wood can be used to make luxurious pieces of furniture. In the end, this plant can be a wonderful decoration for your garden.

Video " Growing Manchurian nut»

This video is a plot from the TV show “Top Grade”. In it experienced gardener Nikolai Baluev talks about the Manchurian walnut, its planting methods and care features.

Basil is a wonderful universal seasoning for meat, fish, soups and fresh salads- well known to all lovers of Caucasian and Italian cuisine. However, upon closer inspection, basil turns out to be a surprisingly versatile plant. For several seasons now, our family has been happily drinking aromatic basil tea. In a flowerbed with perennials and in flowerpots with annual flowers, bright spice plant a worthy place was also found.

Thuja or juniper - which is better? This question can sometimes be heard in garden centers and markets where these plants are sold. It is, of course, not entirely correct and correct. Well, it’s the same as asking what is better - night or day? Coffee or tea? Woman or man? Surely, everyone will have their own answer and opinion. And yet... What if you approach with an open mind and try to compare juniper and thuja according to certain objective parameters? Let's try.

Brown Cream of Cauliflower Soup with Crispy Smoked Bacon is a delicious, smooth and creamy soup that both adults and children will love. If you are preparing a dish for the whole family, including kids, then do not add a lot of spices, although many modern children are not at all against spicy flavors. Bacon for serving can be prepared in different ways - fry in a frying pan, as in this recipe, or bake in the oven on parchment for about 20 minutes at 180 degrees.

For some, the time of sowing seeds for seedlings is a long-awaited and pleasant chore, for others it is a difficult necessity, while others wonder whether it would be easier to buy ready seedlings at the market or with friends? Be that as it may, even if you gave up growing vegetable crops, for sure, you will still have to sow something. These are flowers and perennials, conifers and much more. A seedling is still a seedling, no matter what you sow.

A lover of moist air and one of the most compact and rare orchids, pafinia is a real star for most orchid growers. Its flowering rarely lasts longer than a week, but it can be an unforgettable sight. You want to look at the unusual striped patterns on the huge flowers of the modest orchid endlessly. In indoor culture, pafinia is rightly ranked among the difficult-to-grow species. It became fashionable only with the spread of interior terrariums.

Pumpkin ginger marmalade is a warming sweet that can be prepared almost all year round. Pumpkin keeps for a long time - sometimes I manage to save a few vegetables until summer, fresh ginger and lemons are always available these days. Lemon can be replaced with lime or orange to get different tastes- variety in sweets is always nice. The finished marmalade is placed in dry jars; it can be stored at room temperature, but it’s always healthier to cook fresh food.

In 2014, the Japanese company Takii seed introduced petunia with a striking petal color - salmon-orange. By association with bright colors southern sunset sky, the unique hybrid is called African Sunset. Needless to say, this petunia instantly won the hearts of gardeners and was in great demand. But in the last two years, the curiosity has suddenly disappeared from store windows. Where did the orange petunia go?

In our family Bell pepper they love it, that’s why we plant it every year. Most of the varieties that I grow have been tested by me for more than one season; I cultivate them constantly. I also try to try something new every year. Pepper is a heat-loving plant and quite whimsical. Varietal and hybrid varieties of tasty and productive sweet peppers, which grow well for me, will be discussed further. I live in middle lane Russia.

Meat cutlets with broccoli in béchamel sauce - great idea for a quick lunch or dinner. Start by preparing the mince and at the same time heat 2 liters of water to a boil to blanch the broccoli. By the time the cutlets are fried, the cabbage will be ready. All that remains is to collect the ingredients in a frying pan, season with sauce and bring to readiness. Broccoli needs to be cooked quickly to retain its vibrant color. green color, which, when cooked for a long time, either fades or the cabbage turns brown.

Home floriculture - not only exciting process, but also a very troublesome hobby. And, as a rule, the more experience a grower has, the healthier his plants look. What should those who have no experience but want to have a home do? houseplants- not elongated, stunted specimens, but beautiful and healthy ones, not causing a feeling of guilt with their fading? For beginners and flower growers who do not have much experience, I will tell you about the main mistakes that are easy to avoid.

Lush cheesecakes in a frying pan with banana-apple confiture - another recipe for everyone’s favorite dish. To prevent cheesecakes from falling off after cooking, remember a few simple rules. Firstly, only fresh and dry cottage cheese, secondly, no baking powder or soda, thirdly, the thickness of the dough - you can sculpt from it, it is not tight, but pliable. A good dough with a small amount of flour can only be obtained from good cottage cheese, and here again see the “firstly” point.

It is no secret that many drugs from pharmacies have migrated to summer cottages. Their use, at first glance, seems so exotic that some summer residents are perceived with hostility. At the same time, potassium permanganate is a long-known antiseptic that is used in both medicine and veterinary medicine. In plant growing, a solution of potassium permanganate is used both as an antiseptic and as a fertilizer. In this article we will tell you how to properly use potassium permanganate in the garden.

Pork meat salad with mushrooms is a rural dish that can often be found on festive table in the village. This recipe is with champignons, but if you have the opportunity to use wild mushrooms, be sure to cook it this way, it will be even tastier. You don’t need to spend a lot of time preparing this salad - put the meat in a pan for 5 minutes and another 5 minutes for slicing. Everything else happens practically without the participation of the cook - the meat and mushrooms are boiled, cooled, and marinated.

Cucumbers grow well not only in a greenhouse or conservatory, but also in open ground. Typically, cucumbers are sown from mid-April to mid-May. Harvesting in this case is possible from mid-July to the end of summer. Cucumbers cannot tolerate frost. That's why we don't sow them too early. However, there is a way to bring their harvest closer and taste the juicy beauties from your garden at the beginning of summer or even in May. It is only necessary to take into account some of the features of this plant.