How to make heating in a sauna stove. How to organize heating in the baths? Heating system with heated floors

The Russian bath has always been a special ritual, and visiting it has long ago become a centuries-old tradition. The bathhouse relaxes, heals, calms, and brings peace. Many owners want to install a bathhouse on their property, but the heating issue can be difficult to resolve. An obligatory element of the bathhouse has always been a stove. Its main purpose is to heat the air in the steam room to a certain temperature and at the same time heat the water for bathing. The best option is considered to be a stone stove, which not only copes excellently with the heating function, but is also a mandatory attribute of the Russian steam room. But a stone stove is not a cheap pleasure and it takes up a lot of space, but now you can buy ready-made metal stoves. But, if such stoves are suitable for bath procedures, then they are unlikely to maintain a constant temperature in the autumn-winter period: they can be included in the heating system, but they need to be heated constantly, so no periodic visits, but only constant presence.

Bath heating system: brief description, main advantages and disadvantages

Constant heating of the bath can be organized in several ways:

Bath heating with gas boilers

If gas is supplied to the site, then, naturally, gas heating baths are the best option and installing a gas boiler will pay off: they work flawlessly, heat rooms that are quite large in size, and gas does not cost much in our country. There is no soot, soot, or heavy odor. You can do it yourself to heat a sauna using gas, but you must have a project and carefully monitor its implementation. In general, gas heating is an economical and profitable option for the owner, but gas lines in a country house or village are the exception to the rule rather than the rule, so you have to think about how to heat a bathhouse without gas.

Electric heating

There are several options: you can install an electric boiler, since electricity is available almost everywhere. If we talk from a safety point of view, an electric boiler for heating a bathhouse is the safest option (subject to compliance with the rules and regulations). But the downside is that electricity today costs a lot, so you have to pay large electricity bills. The difficulty also lies in the fact that you will have to conduct a hotel input to connect the boiler, and often not 220V, but 380V is required, and these are completely different requirements and tariffs.

Electric boilers for water heating baths

If you use modern models electric water heaters, then the bills may not be very large: they are controlled by automation, which maintains the set temperature in the room. You can set the temperature to +5 0 C for the time you are not visiting the bathhouse. And the system will not freeze, and the bill will be small (provided that your building is well insulated). Moreover, to heat the bathhouse you can use stepped heating element boilers, etc. They are not ideal, but according to the experience of use, they are economical: bills come in 20-30% less.

Bath heating with convectors

If possible, it is most convenient to use electric convectors. Such a heating system in a bathhouse, of course, will be expensive. The equipment is not cheap, and electricity bills will also be hefty. But what modern convectors are good for: it is possible to set a certain thermal regime, which is maintained automatically. A lot of bath owners do the following: while using the bath, they heat the heater, and then set the anti-defrost mode of the convector, which maintains the temperature in the room within +1 - +3 0 C. Thus, the bath room does not freeze, does not get damp, and heating a bathhouse in winter will not cost a lot of money.

Electric heated floors

A very comfortable, but expensive type of heating. This applies to both the arrangement and the bills that will arrive. But if the bathhouse is insulated correctly and carefully, then maintain minimum temperature It may not be so burdensome.

One more point: the system is installed at the construction stage or overhaul, which is also not very convenient. Modern ones are no longer only cords that were laid out on the surface, and if damaged, part of the floor turned out to be unheated. Eat rolled materials with paralleled thermal tracks. If one or more fail, the performance of the others remains unchanged, and the floor is still as warm.

Solid fuel boilers

A special place is occupied by combined boilers using liquid or solid fuel. The option is economical, but not entirely profitable. The price of liquid fuel is constantly increasing, so installing heating in a bathhouse that works on this principle is not entirely profitable. It is more economical to use firewood or coal. But in this case, you need to understand that they will have to be delivered frequently, and the area with the bathhouse must be available at any time of the year. And still the same drawback: “autonomously” such boilers only work for a few hours. For heating baths located on suburban areas this is not an option.

Today, a combined bath heating system is becoming more and more common. For this they use . In the absence of any type of fuel, it simply switches to electricity. But these boilers are only suitable for water heating, and it is difficult to install. But having set a goal, almost every person with minimal experience, will be able to create a heating system in the bathhouse with his own hands and set it up uninterrupted.

We combine the heating of the dacha with the heating of the bathhouse

Twenty or thirty years ago, it never occurred to anyone that it was possible to create heating for a bathhouse from home. It was always believed: a bathhouse, there is a bathhouse, a house, there is a house, and they will not be connected together. However, modern technologies, the desire of the owners to save money, and some other needs, allow you to think about how to install heating from the house to the bathhouse.

Any boiler requires a separate room, which must comply with all safety regulations and standards. In fact, without creating and approving a project in the relevant authorities, nothing will happen. All this requires both time and significant financial costs.

A heating main laid by yourself will be cheaper. Many amateur bath attendants do this. But even in this situation, there are certain rules and small tricks, knowing which a non-professional will avoid many problems in the future:

When designing a heating main, consider the location groundwater: Pipes should not be in water.
The pipeline must be insulated, and a larger diameter pipe is put on top (corrugation can be used). Then it will be protected from groundwater, and heat loss will be small.

In general, the efficiency of such a bathhouse heating system will depend on the distance at which the bathhouse is located from the house. If the distance is short, then this option may be the best. But if the distance is significant, then it may turn out that by the time the water reaches the bathhouse, it will have cooled down so much that it will not be able to somehow influence its temperature.

Pellet boilers

This type of heating is used in almost 50% of European homes, and they can count. This popularity is based on the possibility automatic feeding fuel. Fuel is loaded into the bunker (it can be of any size from an ordinary box to a large room), which is supplied to the burner using a screw controlled by the boiler. In this mode, the system operates as long as there is fuel and the ash pan is not full. If the fuel is of high quality, the ash needs to be removed once every month and a half, and, as mentioned, it can be of any volume. The only thing: to ignite and maintain the operation of the equipment, guaranteed power is required (the consumption is very small). But modern heating systems, it seems, cannot work without electricity. Here, too, if you wish, you can find a solution - diesel engines, batteries, etc. Pellets are not that expensive; the only significant drawback is the cost of the boiler itself. Not everyone will decide to invest this amount in heating a bathhouse.

Pellet boilers are reliable and promising, but the equipment is expensive

As you can see, there are many ways to heat a bathhouse, but all of them are imperfect. You will have to weigh the pros and cons more than once and calculate the options.

To maintain optimal temperature in all bath rooms, it is best to heat the bath using a heater installed in the steam room. For small-sized baths, consisting of a dressing room, a wash room and a steam room, a single stove, as a rule, is installed in such a way that the heater is located in the steam room, the furnace is located in the dressing room, and the stove is located in the washing room. storage tank for heated water.

Simplified bath heating systems

The easiest to manufacture, maintain and operate is the system in which the bath is heated from a stove in the steam room. That is, the stove-heater, which provides maximum heating of the surrounding air and the production of heated steam, is located in a steam room, and its combustion part, through which flammable material is loaded, is taken out to the dressing room. At the same time, due to the implementation of such a design, the bath is heated from the sauna stove simultaneously in both the steam room and the dressing room. In this case, the washing compartment of the bath is heated by placing a tank with hot water, and, if necessary, an additional heating battery.

The storage tank, located in the washing compartment of the bathhouse, is connected by pipes to a heat exchanger heated by a sauna stove. The water in the storage tank is heated using a circulation pump that pumps water through a heat exchanger located either directly in the fuel combustion area or on the chimney pipe of the stove.

A sauna stove with a heat exchanger for heating and obtaining the required amount of hot water is the most efficient and in a simple way maintaining optimal temperature in all rooms of the bath. This combined design is quite economical in terms of fuel consumption, generates a large number of heat and has a relatively short time to reach operating mode.

Bath stoves and their features

If necessary, with a heating circuit, it can be quite universal both in terms of the mode of operation and the fuel used in it. Such a furnace can be used either in the mode of continuous combustion of fuel, or in cyclic mode, with periodic loading of combustible material. It can be fueled by natural gas, wood, charcoal or wood pellets. In addition, electric furnaces of appropriate power can also be used to heat the bath and heat the water.

Continuous combustion furnaces are usually made from steel. Such a furnace heats up quickly and cools down quickly when the fuel supply to it is stopped. Sometimes the surface of steel furnaces is lined with a decorative non-combustible material, which increases its safety and heat capacity.

Stoves used in cyclic mode for heating a room must have a high heat capacity and the ability to retain heat for a long time after the fuel supply has stopped. They are made from refractory bricks, which have a large mass and high heat capacity. Such an oven, after heating, can maintain a high temperature sufficiently long time. The disadvantages of such furnaces include a long time to reach the operating mode, that is, a long time for heating the furnace in a cold state.

To organize the supply of hot water to the bathhouse, as well as for heating the premises, stoves equipped with systems are used forced circulation hot water and heat exchangers.

Furnaces with heat exchangers

Furnaces equipped with heat exchange devices allow you to successfully solve all the problems of heating a room, heating water, and creating steam. Heating a bathhouse from the heat exchanger of a bathhouse stove can include not only the main rooms of the bathhouse, but also auxiliary ones, for example, a shower room, a relaxation room, a swimming pool, a billiard room, etc.

When designing a stove equipped with heat exchange devices, even at the stage of building a bathhouse, the following should be taken into account:

the size of the bath and the area of heated premises;
dimensions and weight of the furnace;
specific gravity of the heating device;
the number of heat exchange devices included in the furnace kit;
total volume and composition of the circulating coolant;
diameter and length of the chimney.

Sauna stoves with a heat exchanger can be connected using heat-insulated pipes:

To a remote tank for heating water used in washing department baths
To heating radiators located in the service areas of the bathhouse - recreation room, billiard room, etc.
To a hot water supply and water heating system, which includes not only the main and service areas of the bathhouse, but also the living areas of the house.

Stoves for heating baths with wood come with an internal or external heat exchanger. The internal heat exchanger is located in the combustion chamber between the body and the casing. It uses the heat obtained directly in the process of burning fuel and heating the furnace.

The external heat exchanger is arranged around the chimney. It uses the heat given off by heated gases when they are brought out. Due to the increased volume of the external heat exchanger, its operating efficiency increases. Using the heat of the gases escaping through the chimney allows you to save fuel and increase the efficiency of the furnace by reducing the temperature of the exhaust gases.

IN cast iron stove The water in the heat exchanger is heated by exhaust flue gases and thermal radiation. The heat exchanger body is located in the upper part of the firebox in the area of the chimney.

A brick stove for a bath involves the location of a heat exchanger inside the brickwork in close proximity to the firebox. This somewhat increases the thermal inertia of the heat exchanger, and also reduces the likelihood of its overheating or oxidation of its surface under the influence of open fire.

The heat exchanger providing heating of the bath from the stove in the steam room must comply with technical parameters effective power of the water heating system, operating pressure in the system, volume and composition of the circulating coolant.

Features of a bath stove with a heat exchanger

A bath stove equipped with a heat exchanger has certain design features.

These include, in particular:

tube supply system for coolant circulation;
thickened body walls;
increased volume of the heater;
the presence of a mandatory air distributor;
firebox door made of heat-resistant glass.

The heat exchanger functions due to the constant circulation of water through all the devices that make up the heating system in the bath. For efficient use of the heat exchanger, the length of each of the connecting pipes must be a maximum of 3 m. Especially if there is no external thermal insulation of the pipe.

Subject to, as well as in the presence of systems forced ventilation and thermoregulation with a heat exchanger can be equipped with a universal stove for baths and home heating. The stove itself can be located in the bathhouse and connected to the living quarters of the house using a heat-insulated heating pipeline and supplying the home with hot water.

To organize the circulation of water in the central heating system, as well as to supply hot water to the premises of the house and to the washing department of the bath, an automated one is used with maintaining a constant pressure in the line.

The most simple design The universal stove is an electric stove with separate electric heaters for the sections of the stove with a heat exchanger and the heater.

Such a furnace can operate in several modes, namely:

In the mode of heating the living quarters of the house and its hot water supply (DHW) while maintaining the minimum required temperature in the bathhouse during the cold season.
In the heating mode of the bath and the whole house with hot water in the cold season.
Organization of heating baths and heaters in the summer.

A similar stove for a bath and heating at the same time can be created in the form of a device continuous action on natural gas or fuel pellets. The use of charcoal or wood as a fuel in this case is difficult and has certain technical difficulties. After all, wood or coal stoves do not provide the possibility automatic adjustment temperature. This can lead to sudden temperature changes in the heating line.

If it is possible to connect to a natural gas main or an industrial voltage electric cable, a sauna stove can be made from a heating boiler that runs on gas or electricity, respectively. Such a furnace can perform the functions of a heating and water heating system. Together with the heating boiler in the bathhouse, you can also install a small steel wood-burning stove in the steam room.

If the system has central heating At home with sufficient power, the auxiliary rooms of the bathhouse can be heated using it. For this from home system heating, heat-insulated pipes are laid to the bathhouse, to which heating radiators are connected auxiliary premises baths In this case, the stove-heater can only be used to heat the steam or washing section of the bath, if necessary.

If the distance from the water heating boiler of a residential building to the bathhouse is small, then heat loss with such a heating system can be minimal. In addition, the presence of an independent external heating system will support optimal temperature in a bathhouse in winter. This is required to prevent freezing of water supply and sewerage pipes, as well as the bathhouse itself. The combination of heating systems of a residential building and a bathhouse in this case can be of an auxiliary, backup nature.

A bathhouse is a room specially equipped for washing a person, in which the main factors affecting the body are not only water, but also hot air and steam. Today everyone without exception knows about the benefits of the bath and its healing effect. There are several types of baths

Russian steam room

Finnish sauna

Turkish hammam, etc.

The most widespread in our country are the Russian steam bath and the Finnish sauna, the simplicity of their design makes it possible to build them in private homes and on summer cottages.

Baths can be located in the premises of the main house, but more often separate buildings are made for them, consisting of a steam room, a wash room or shower room and a dressing room. Depending on the area of the bathhouse (with its minimum size), the washing compartment can be combined with the steam room, and the dressing room may be absent altogether.

Another option is possible, in which a small pool with cold water, a font is installed, a shower device is mounted, etc.

Requirements for the heating system in the bathhouse

The heating system in the bathhouse must meet the needs for heat, hot water and steam, without which neither a Russian steam room, nor a sauna, nor a Turkish hammam is unthinkable. At the same time, heating in the bathhouse must be efficient, safe and economical, and the need for thermal energy arises periodically, only during the visit to the bathhouse.

In addition, the heat in the bath is not ordinary, but high-temperature. So, for example, in the steam room of a Finnish bath it is customary to maintain a temperature of at least 80C, and in a Russian steam room it is even higher: 100 degrees Celsius or more.

A conventional heating boiler with a radiator system will not cope with this task. It can only be used to heat the dressing room and organize hot water supply. In the steam room you need to install a special sauna stove.

Types of sauna stoves and their features

Most often, wood-burning stoves are used to heat the bath. They allow you to admire the view of an open flame, enjoy the crackling of logs, while feeling the aroma of real wood smoke. alternative wood stove is a gas stove, which has basically the same design, but is designed to burn gas rather than wood.

For lovers of comfort, special electric sauna stoves are produced.

It should be noted that the modern market of bath equipment is simply amazing with the variety of stoves, among which the leading devices are Finnish-made stoves Harvia, Helo and Kastor. Russian stoves are presented trademarks Termofor, Izhkomtsentr VVTs, Greyvari and many others.

However, choosing a good sauna stove is not as simple as it might seem at first glance. A traditional sauna stove must quickly heat the steam room and ensure steam generation in it. Essentially, the functions of a sauna stove can be divided into 2 components: steam generation and room heating.

Vaporization

In most cases, steam in a bathhouse is obtained in a simple way: splash a ladle of water onto the surface of a hot stove. It is clear that such sudden temperature changes, combined with the humid bath environment, have an unfavorable effect on the surface of the oven and destroy it.

Therefore, to generate steam in the bath, natural stones are used, which are heated on the surface of the stove, placing them in a special compartment called a heater. Hence the name of the sauna stove “heater”.

Pieces of hard and durable rock, usually of volcanic origin, which does not contain impurities hazardous to human health, are used as bath stones. Preference is given to jadeite, crimson quartzite and jade, which are resistant to temperature changes and have high heat capacity, and (according to experienced steamers), they make the steam especially high-quality and healing.

Pieces of rock laid in the stove heater accumulate thermal energy, the stock of which ensures efficient vaporization. Hot stones prevent water from entering the furnace body, thereby protecting it from corrosion.

For more efficient and, most importantly, constant steam generation, some manufacturers (for example, Russian company Termofor) included in the design of their furnaces elements that represent simple models steam generators.

Heating the steam room

As already mentioned, the temperature in the steam room must be maintained at a level close to 100 C. For this, furnaces with enhanced heat transfer are used, transferring heat to environment convection and radiation. However, too much (burning) heat radiation is not welcome in the bathhouse. It does not contribute to comfort, although it provides the much-desired heat in the steam room.

The problem is solved simply: the casing of a “correct” sauna stove is made in the form of a convector, which provides heating for the rising air flows. This results in cooling outer surface casing, which makes the thermal radiation of the furnace softer and more comfortable.

As a result, a relatively small modern sauna stove will quickly heat the steam room and provide required amount pair.

Furnaces with a convector are often lined with natural stone. This is beautiful, and besides, it helps to increase the thermal inertia of the device.

The steam room was heated. And what to do with the antechamber?

To heat the dressing room, you can use a separate stove, or you can install a stove with an extended fuel channel in the bathhouse, designed to heat two adjacent rooms. In such a device, the body (the stove mass) is located in the steam room, and the firebox is placed in the dressing room. As a rule, the heat entering through the combustion window is quite enough to heat it.

For those who would like to enjoy the sight of an open flame, they make stoves with an enlarged combustion window, the so-called “fireplace stoves”. The oven door is made translucent.

If the steam room is heated by an electric stove, a dressing room is used to heat the electric heaters. Infrared devices mounted on the ceiling, as well as heated floors, are especially good for these purposes.

Furnaces with an extended fuel channel are considered more convenient and safer. Their use takes the process of laying firewood outside the steam room. For those who would like to see the flame of the stove both in the dressing room and in the steam room, Kastor has developed a special model with translucent back wall Incendo 20.

Problems of hot water supply in the bath

To heat water in the bathhouse, stoves with heat exchangers are used, as well as stoves with built-in tanks for heating water. The tank can be purchased separately and installed, for example, on a chimney.

Furnaces with heat exchangers are more convenient and efficient. They work in the same way as a conventional water heater. To ensure the supply of hot water, you need to install a storage tank.

Sauna stove selection

Furnaces for baths and saunas can have different power from 2 kW to 40 kW or more. They are selected depending on the area of the steam room and the tasks that are planned to be solved with their help. It is taken into account that a stove with a heat exchanger must have more power than a conventional heating unit to provide heat to the steam room, because part of the energy it generates will be used to heat the water.

Video instruction - how to choose bath heating in the example

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Heating baths with their own hands | Construction portal

The first association that each of us has with the word "bath" is warmth. This is where you can truly warm up in severe frosts and relieve fatigue from overworked muscles. Regardless of the size, design and decoration of the bathhouse, its heart is the stove-heater. It is this that provides the heat in the steam room and comfortable temperature in other rooms. In order to organize the heating of a bathhouse with your own hands, you first need to decide on the choice of stove, and then study the technology of its installation and maintenance. Proper thermal insulation of the room is also of great importance. Whatever the stove, it is important that the heat does not escape through the walls and ceiling.

Choosing a stove for a bath

When choosing a stove for a bath, you need to consider whole line criteria. Let's look at each of them separately.

Operating principle

There are continuous and intermittent stoves for heating baths (you will find drawings of some models below). In devices of the first type, it is necessary to maintain fuel combustion throughout the entire period of use of the steam room. The second ones need to be heated in advance.

Furnace material

There are a lot of materials for constructing a heater, but only two of them are the most common - brick and steel.

Most often, brick ovens are built intermittently, although there are also models that involve constant combustion. Their advantages include maintaining a high temperature in the room for a long time. But such an oven also takes a long time to warm up – more than 5 hours. So if you want to steam to your heart’s content in the evening, you need to start heating it in the afternoon. But then you can relax and have fun - the heating system of the bathhouse will no longer require your attention.

The only disadvantage of such a stove is its high cost. To install it, you will need the services of an experienced stove maker, and they are not cheap. The price will also be affected by the need to lay a sufficiently powerful foundation, which is due to the large weight of the brick heater.

Metal sauna stoves most often operate on the principle of continuous operation.

The fact is that the walls of such a device are quite thin, which means they cool quickly. Therefore, to ensure proper heating in the bathhouse, the combustion process must be maintained all the time. However, a bathhouse with a metal stove warms up much faster than with a brick one - about 2 hours in the cold season. This heater is perfect for small baths with a light foundation.

Type of fuel

Another important criterion is the choice of fuel type. Many people believe that heating a bathhouse should only be done with wood. There is, of course, some truth in this. The combustion of wood provides a unique aroma and special warmth. But, you must admit, storing firewood for heating a bathhouse is quite troublesome. It’s much easier to just press a button or open the gas supply valve.

Today you can find heaters on sale using all types of fuel: gas, electric, wood and even liquid fuel. Multi-fuel models are also available. In addition, if you have some experience and a great desire, you can make such a stove yourself.

Of course, you need to start from what is more accessible and cheaper. So:

firewood - traditional, but troublesome;
electricity is convenient and widely available, but expensive;
liquid fuel is flammable, inconvenient and quite expensive;
gas is relatively cheap, convenient, but, unfortunately, not always available.

How to make heating in a bathhouse

As a rule, the only source of heat in the sauna is the heater. The exception is the large bath complexes, which include not only a steam room and dressing room, but also a relaxation room, a billiards room and a large swimming pool. In such premises, the heating system is not much different from the usual in-house, and the heater (most often electric) heats only the steam room.

If we talk about a classic bath, then the stove in it must be installed so that it warms up all the rooms to the required temperature, and the water tank is located closer to the washing room.

A “through” arrangement of the furnace can be considered ideal. In this case, it is installed so that the firebox door is in the dressing room, the heater is in the steam room, and the water tank is in the washing room. For such an installation, a metal stove with a side heater is best suited. It looks something like this:

A – hot water outlet;

B – entrance cold water;

B – connection point with the chimney;

G – firebox;

D – blower;

E – heater.

And it is located in the room like this:

a – cold water inlet;

b – hot water outlet;

c – firebox;

d – heater.

In this case, all combustible elements of the walls must be protected by refractory material.

It should be noted that a furnace of this design can also be built of brick, but it will take up much more space.

Another fairly practical option is a stove with a remote tank and an open heater. Its design provides for installation in the firebox of a register for heating water. Such a scheme for heating the bath and heating water for washing allows you to avoid premature boiling of the liquid in the tank and the appearance of raw steam in the still unheated room.

It should be noted that the lower edge of the tank must be located at least half a meter above the level of the register.

Whatever design of the oven you choose, you must strictly follow the rules for its installation.

Rules for installing a metal stove

The base for the stove must be non-flammable. It can be made from fireclay bricks, sheet metal or concrete. For beauty, such a base can be covered with tiles.
The firebox door should be directed towards the opposite corner.
The floor in front of the firebox should not be flammable. If the base is made of wood, it is necessary to cover it with a sheet of metal at least 60 cm wide.

It is better to line a metal stove with brick. This will not only protect you from burns on a hot surface, but will also serve as decoration.

It can be a good helper for someone who independently organizes the heating of a bathhouse - instructions for the heater. It usually indicates the required distance from the stove to the wall and describes the method of organizing the chimney.

Rules for installing a brick kiln

Given the fairly large weight brick oven, it is important to provide her solid foundation– reinforced concrete foundation.

An experienced stove maker can best handle the construction of such a heater, but if you have some skills in this matter and decide to tackle it yourself, take into account the following recommendations:

Some features of gas bath heating

Considering the possibility of leakage and explosiveness of gas, special requirements are imposed on stoves using this type of fuel:

The stove must be equipped with an automatic device that will stop the gas supply if the flame goes out.
To supply natural gas, you can use a common pipeline, but for butane and propane you need to arrange an individual one.
The same rules apply for gas heating of baths. fire safety, as for metal furnaces on other types of fuel.

Chimney organization

Bathhouses have not been heated “in black” for a long time, which means that the installation of a heater requires proper organization removal of combustion products. To install the chimney you will need the following elements:

ceiling-passage unit;
“flash” - passage through the roof;
"umbrella";
sandwich pipe.

The sandwich pipe is connected to the outlet of the furnace, and in the place where it passes through the ceiling a ceiling-passage assembly is installed.

Important! Despite the fact that the sandwich pipe design provides a layer of heat-insulating material, it may not be enough to prevent fire ceiling covering. When organizing gas heating in a bathhouse, you should not skimp on additional protection of the chimney outlet to the street. This can lead to irreparable consequences.

The outer edge of the pipe must be covered with an “umbrella” that will protect it from rain and snow.

All stages of installing the heater and installing the chimney are shown in the video:

That's all the basic rules. Remember, no matter what type of heating devices you choose, the main thing is to ensure the safety of their use.

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Heating in the bathhouse

There are special requirements for heating in a bathhouse. This is due to the fact that the steam room needs to be at a high temperature (more than 100°C). An ordinary heating boiler cannot cope with such a task (it is simply not designed for this); for this you need a sauna stove, which is initially designed to produce high-temperature heat. Well, if necessary, the boiler can serve as an additional source of energy for heating utility rooms and hot water supply.

Wooden sauna on two floors.

Before talking about heating options in a bathhouse, you should decide on the following questions:

Where will the bathhouse be located, namely: in the house in the form of a separate room, next to the house or at a considerable distance from it in the form of a separate structure;
Type of bath: Russian, Finnish, Turkish, etc.;
Size and layout of areas (steam room, locker room, relaxation room, shower, etc.);
Frequency of use (year-round or seasonal);
Priorities (what comes first: level of comfort or financial indicators).

Infrastructure aspects, such as the availability of a stable power supply, gas communications, and fuel resources, are of no small importance. It often happens that the type of heating becomes obvious immediately after the final decision is made, taking into account all the above factors. But it still happens more often that you have to choose from several alternatives, which are outlined below.

Brick oven

A good option for heating a bath with a spacious steam room, which allows you to solve several problems at once: to get high-quality (soft) steam, hot water and heat adjacent rooms small area. Such a furnace does not heat up quickly, but it retains heat for a long time after the end of the firebox. You can heat the stove either with wood or coal (the classic way), or with electricity or gas (main or bottled).

Brick stove for a bathhouse with water heating.

Since the main purpose of the stove is to generate steam, it is naturally placed in the steam room. However, a zealous owner will definitely take care of its fullest use and ease of use. For example, the location of the firebox opening in the dressing room, and the water tank in washing room(if any) allows heating (main or additional) utility rooms.

Unfortunately, a brick oven is not a cheap pleasure. Firstly, you need a solid foundation, secondly, a special refractory brick, and thirdly, a qualified master (stove-maker). In total, these costs will amount to a decent amount.

Stove-heater

The stove got its name because vaporization occurs by splashing water on hot natural stones, laid in a compartment specially designated for this. Furnaces of this type are very diverse both in design, and in the material used, and in the type of fuel.

Heating of the bath from the stove in the steam room.

In terms of layout, the stove can be of open or closed type. In the first case, the container for storing stones has open access, in the second case it is closed with a lid. An open heater warms up the steam room quickly enough and gives high temperature dry steam (over 100°C). A closed heater spends more time and fuel to warm up the room, and the steam is more humid and less hot. But such a furnace cools down much more slowly, retaining heat for a long time. From the foregoing, it follows that an open heater is better suited for a sauna, and a closed one is better for a Russian bath.

As for the material, here the choice is limited to either brick or heat-resistant steel. A steel oven will be cheaper and easier to operate, but it will also cool down faster. To balance the pros and cons of both options, they often resort to combined design, which contains both brickwork, and metal elements. In particular, you can enclose a brick heater in metal carcass, you can install a metal firebox or vice versa, line the firebox of a steel furnace with bricks from the inside.

Modern stoves are produced for almost any type of energy resource: wood, gas, electricity. The main thing is that they maximum efficiency provided heating to a high temperature of the stone material, which serves both to generate steam and to store heat.

Special requirements are imposed on the properties of stones: when heated, they should not emit substances harmful to human health and at the same time have a high calorific value. To such natural stones include jadeite, gabbro-diabase, basalt, white quartz, etc.

Ariston ABS PRO ECO 80V - hot water boiler for heating the relaxation room of a bathhouse.

Heating of additional rooms

The heat capacity of the sauna stove may not be enough to heat adjacent rooms of the bath, such as a dressing room, a rest room, etc. For a bath inside the house, this problem is not worth it: these areas are simply connected to the general heating system. If we are talking about a free-standing bath, then here this issue is usually solved by installing additional heating devices, such as radiators, convectors, infrared heaters, etc. small sizes adjacent rooms, it is advisable to use a chimney-convector that uses the heat of the exhaust gases and does not require auxiliary energy sources.

Heating the rest room in the bathhouse.

For a free-standing bath, in addition to installing auxiliary heaters, a promising option may be to supply heat from a house in which a heating system is already operating. However, there are two things to consider here important points: is the boiler power supply sufficient to “pull” the heating in the bath, and is it possible to stretch the heating main from the house to the bath. If the answer to both questions is yes, such a heating scheme deserves attention: it may turn out to be more economical than other options due to the lack of the need to purchase or build additional energy sources. But it should be borne in mind that if the heating main is too long and, moreover, not well insulated, large heat losses will negate the resulting savings.

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Do-it-yourself high-quality sauna heating

Some useful tips for installing a sauna stove
Heating systems for permanent baths
Water and infrared floor installation

The benefits of a bath are well known, so a bath in a house or on a site has become a common occurrence. When choosing heating for a waiting room and a steam room, one should take into account the expected number of people who want to take a steam bath and the possibility of using one or another type of fuel.

Water heating scheme.

Heater for heating and steam - an option for small baths

If bath room is small and is used only for its intended purpose, then the sauna stove is enough for both a steam room and a dressing room. It is not difficult to make heating in such a bathhouse even with your own hands.

It is very important not to make a mistake when choosing a heater. A variety of ready-made bath heating devices allows you to choose exactly the device you need.

The power of the sauna stove is selected according to the area; for each m² there should be at least 1 kW, moreover, it is necessary to have a reserve of 50%, which will make it possible to use the sauna in severe frosts. If the room is designed to maintain positive temperatures, then there is no need for a reserve.

Sauna stoves can operate on different types fuel and, although it is traditionally believed that the bathhouse should be heated with wood, this is not always justified. Often, preparing firewood, especially if you do it yourself, takes a lot of effort and time. It is most convenient to use electricity, but this is the most expensive heating option. Natural gas is a minimum of labor costs and is relatively cheap, but it is not always possible to connect to the main line. Liquefied gas will cost more. Liquid fuel is expensive, inconvenient to use and dangerous. Having selected a stove based on power and type of fuel, or purchased a multi-fuel model, you can begin installing it yourself.

Heating system installation diagram.

Since a bathhouse usually has three rooms: a dressing room, a steam room and a wash room, the best option when installing a stove with your own hands is the option in which the firebox is in the dressing room, the heater is in the steam room, and a container with heated water is in the wash room. Existing models with a side-mounted heater will provide just such a configuration heating elements ovens.

When building walls in a bathhouse, flammable materials (wood, insulation) are very often used, so when installing a sauna stove with your own hands, one should not forget about fire safety. Fireproof material is laid between the walls and the stove. The stove is installed on a steel sheet with non-flammable thermal insulation, and if it is heated with wood, then combustion door the same heat-insulated sheet is required. The pipe is discharged through a ceiling device made of sheet steel and having a hole of the appropriate diameter. The installation of the furnace is carried out before Finishing work.

A steel heater warms up the room very quickly, but requires constant burning, since it has practically no ability to accumulate heat. The heat from this type of heater is intense; ventilation will be needed to create more comfortable conditions.

A sauna stove made of brick has a number of advantages. Thick brick walls accumulate heat, gradually releasing it to the room. The process of heating the bath takes a long time, but the heat lasts a long time and there is no need for continuous burning. Making a brick heater with your own hands is difficult even if you have some construction skills. It is better to entrust the masonry to a qualified stove builder, but you can make a foundation of reinforced concrete for the stove on your own.

Owners of private houses, and sometimes owners of summer cottages, build on their land plots baths The most popular are Russian baths and Finnish saunas with a swimming pool. To heat the premises of these buildings, heating is required, since bath procedures are closely related to water. Water freezes at low temperatures and can subsequently damage pipelines, mixers and other equipment (defrost). Creation autonomous source heating for a bath entails large financial costs, besides, installing a boiler for a bath (which, as a rule, has a small area) is irrelevant. The best option is considered to be the heating of the bath from the boiler in the house located on the site.

Stove heating in the bath

In relation to the bathhouse, there are three types of heating:

Water;
Electrical;
Pechnoye.

Stove heating is used in baths without permanent plumbing and having a small area. This is due to the fact that the furnace is designed for local rapid heating of the room, has an unstable (episodic) mode of operation. With this heating method, the water will freeze in the communications and defrost them.

Water heating is the most popular space heating configuration. Water has suitable thermophysical properties and acts as an excellent heat carrier. Water heating is realized from centralized system or an autonomous heat generator. The following types of devices act as heat generators:

A gas boiler;
Solid fuel boiler;
Liquid fuel boiler;
Electric boiler.

Electric heating is divided into two heating schemes:

Water heating using an electric boiler;
Heating with separate appliances.

A heating gas boiler for a bath requires a permit and a gas project. Heating a bath (sauna) with an electric boiler does not require approval, but is implemented by the construction of a water heating system.

Water heating of the bath implies a constant mode of operation to prevent freezing of communications. The purchase of a boiler (gas, electric, solid fuel), coupled with the cost of fuel to ensure a constant mode of operation, results in serious financial costs.

Using separate electrical heating appliances will make things a bit easier - you don't have to worry about freezing water - but the cost of electrical energy will be of considerable size. In addition, electric heating has another significant drawback - it is possible to turn off the power supply and downtime of heating equipment.

Bath heating from home

In private houses and summer cottages, for the purposes of heating and hot water supply, they construct autonomous systems heating with its own heat generator. The most popular option is to use a heating gas boiler (if it is possible to connect to main gas pipelines). Natural gas is considered the cheapest type of fuel and the operation of systems based on gas boilers is famous for its economy.

Having your own boiler allows you to use it thermal power for heating a bathhouse, even if it is remote from the boiler location. The advantages of this solution are the following factors:

No need to purchase major equipment (new boiler);
Constantly maintaining the set temperature in the bathhouse (without visiting it, remotely);
There is no need for storing firewood and manually servicing the stove;

The main disadvantage that follows from the constant operating mode is fuel costs. This value can be significantly reduced by maintaining a standard temperature in the bathhouse of 10 - 15 degrees. Water will not freeze at this temperature; heating of the bathhouse for bath procedures from this temperature will occur in the shortest possible time.

TO existing system The heating system is connected to a separate line (supply and return), designed to supply the home bath with coolant. The line is connected to the main heating distribution manifold located near the boiler. Boilers come in two types - with a built-in and with a separate pump. In any case, it is advisable to install a separate one on the heating line of the bathhouse. circulation pump low power. This will ensure that the circuit operates independently from the hydraulic circuit of the home heating system.

In the bathhouse premises, heating devices are installed at the owner’s choice - convectors, radiators, underfloor heating. Depending on the thermal power of the selected devices, the diameter is calculated main pipelines baths (supply and return).

In the case of constructing a heated floor, it is necessary to install a control unit for the underfloor heating circuits with a thermostatic mixer. Due to the small heated area, when installing a heating system, you can choose a single-pipe piping scheme for radiators (convectors).

When installing the system, it is imperative to install shut-off valves (general and on devices). Equipment and pipelines should be installed with a slope to allow the coolant to drain when the heating (or gas, electricity, etc.) is turned off.

Laying pipelines from the house to the bathhouse

Laying heating lines to the bathhouse is carried out in two ways:

Outdoor (open);
Underground (hidden).

External laying is used when the distance to the bathhouse is small - in this case, the construction of numerous supports, which are unnecessary elements on the site, is not required. When laying externally, pipelines are insulated and laid with a slope to free them from water.

The main method of laying heating pipelines is underground. The choice of material is carried out with the condition special conditions operation – inaccessibility and absence of connections (hidden). The best choice– polymer pipelines. Pipes made of polyethylene (cross-linked), metal-plastic, polypropylene are laid on a sand cushion in an open trench, then buried.

The depth of the trench—the point where the pipes will be laid—must be below the freezing point of the soil for a particular region.

The freezing depth is determined from the reference book. Pipelines need not be insulated by using protective material– fiberglass and other types of material with similar characteristics.

Connection to heating mains

Connecting not only bathhouses, but also private houses to centralized heating mains is very problematic. This is due to the hydraulic structure of the central heating system. Connecting an insignificant low-power facility, without the possibility of constant access for repair and maintenance, can negatively affect the operation of the entire centralized system as a whole.

As a rule, heat supply organizations do not accept applications and do not issue technical specifications for such events.

The popularity of bath procedures is growing every year, and many owners of private houses want to set up a bathhouse right in their yard. A trip to your own steam room will provide a boost of energy, excellent mood and relaxation. The “heart” of any sauna is the stove. It determines how functional and comfortable the bathhouse will be. You can do high-quality heating in a bathhouse yourself.

To build a heater with your own hands, you need to choose the type of stove, find out how it is built and what maintenance it requires. In addition to heating, you should take care of reliable thermal insulation.

Criterias of choice

The main indicators that must be taken into account when choosing a stove are the following:

mechanism of action;
manufacturing materials;
fuel.

Baths can be heated using permanent or temporary (periodic) stoves. The first ones need to be kept burning the entire time the steam room is in use. For the second, preliminary high-quality heating is enough.

The range of materials from which a heater can be made now includes a large number of traditional and new technological elements.

The best stoves are made of steel and brick.

Brick structures

The leaders in demand are heaters made of periodic bricks. Kamenki with continuous burning also used to provide heating baths, but much less frequently.

Brick kilns of intermittent operation have both an advantage - they maintain a high temperature in the room for a long time, and a disadvantage - they need to be warmed up for at least 5 hours. In winter, it takes even more time. Therefore, if bathing procedures are planned for the evening, then you need to start heating in the afternoon. After this, you can steam and not be distracted by other things, the heating will work without outside interference.

There is another drawback of such models - high cost. It is quite difficult to make such a heater yourself. To get a truly functional stove, you need an experienced stove maker. And his work is highly paid. Expensive heating structure can also be explained by the fact that it is necessary to lay a powerful foundation that will support a heavy brick heater.

Metal heat sources

Metal furnaces are characterized by the principle of continuous operation. A stove with thin steel walls does not retain heat for long, which can be attributed to its disadvantages. And the advantage of a metal sauna stove is that it will take much less time to warm up the room.

In winter, this will take no more than 2 hours. It is better to organize heating using a steel heater in a small bathhouse. The installation of the furnace can be done by hand.

Fuel selection

Theoretically, a bath building can be heated by any energy carrier. Depending on the fuel, the furnaces can be of the following types:

gas;
electric;
wood;
liquid fuel;
multi-fuel.

It is very important to choose the right fuel so that heating a bathhouse in winter is cost-effective and easy. There is an opinion that only firewood is best suited for these purposes. It's hard to argue with that.

During the combustion of timber, the room is filled with an indescribable aroma and special warmth. Such an atmosphere cannot be achieved if the bathhouse is heated with electricity.

If such an environmentally friendly fuel is chosen, then you need to think about how to heat the bathhouse in winter? Storing firewood is much more difficult than unscrewing a valve on a gas pipe.

The choice is made taking into account the availability and efficiency of fuel. Heating with wood is expensive. Using electricity is easy. This is a convenient and generally accessible, however, unprofitable method.

A liquid fuel stove is a high risk of fire, inconvenient to maintain and high material costs. You can use gas, with which heating in the bathhouse will be somewhat cheaper and more convenient. But not all private houses are connected to the central gas supply.

Heater location

Usually the bathhouse is heated using one heat source. For a house next to which a unique bath complex is built (with a dressing room, steam room, swimming pool, relaxation room, room for playing billiards), a generally accepted heating system is required.

If heating is designed for a classic bath, then the stove is positioned so that it can be used to warm up each room. A tank of water is allocated a place near the washing room.

The ideal is a “through” arrangement of the furnace. The firebox door can be opened while in the dressing room. The stove itself will be located in the steam room, and the water tank will be located in the wash room.

It is important that each of the combustible elements of the furnace structure is protected from fire-resistant material. To comply with this, you can build a heater from brick, but it will have large dimensions and take up a lot of space.

A practical option is to build a stove, the design of which includes a tank and an open heater. The firebox for heating water is equipped with a register, which will prevent premature boiling of water, during which the unheated bath is filled with damp steam. in this way requires compliance important nuance– the bottom edge of the tank should be 50 cm above the register.

Algorithm for constructing a metal furnace

The foundation for the stove should be made of non-combustible material. Suitable fireclay brick, sheet metal or concrete. To make the base aesthetically pleasing, it can be tiled. The firebox door is directed to the opposite corner. The floors are made of fireproof material. If wood is used, it is covered metal sheet 60 cm wide.

To create classic design interior design in a bathhouse, a metal stove can be lined with brick. In addition to being beautiful, this move will prevent burns. To properly build a chimney and determine at what distance from the walls the heater should be placed, be sure to study the instructions.

The main problem that arises when installing a brick heater is the massiveness of the structure. This requires the construction of a reinforced concrete foundation. For those who do not have experience in building sauna stoves with their own hands, the following tips may be useful.

If a thick layer of mortar is placed between the brick seams, then under the influence high temperatures it will begin to collapse and the heater will become leaky. On the contrary, a thin layer of mortar between the brick joints will negatively affect the life of the structure.

Each vertical layer of masonry must be covered with a top brick. It is advisable to make the ceilings in half a brick.

There are other nuances. So, if cut bricks are used, then the whole side should be turned inside the furnace. To ensure uniform linear expansion, cast iron elements are installed with a gap. To secure the upper part of the stove door, it is better to use a metal clamp.

Gas is an explosive fuel. If you plan to use gas, then the stove must be equipped with an automatic system that will shut off the fuel supply in the event of no flame.

When the house is connected to a central gas main, natural gas can serve as fuel for the heater. If the heating is individual, propane or butane will do.

Gas heating in the bathhouse at any time of the year is carried out in accordance with the fire safety rules established for dangerous species fuel.

Construction of a smoke exhaust system

Combustion products must be removed correctly and promptly. Violation of chimney construction technology is fraught with huge troubles.

The chimney includes the following elements:

ceiling-passage unit;
passage through the roof;
"umbrella".

The sandwich pipe is connected to the furnace outlet and led through the ceiling using a ceiling-passage assembly. The place where the chimney exits to the outside should be protected with heat-insulating material. An “umbrella” is installed on top of the pipe to protect it from precipitation.