Victoria care in spring fertilizer. Victoria strawberries: best tips for planting and care. Requirements for the site and soil quality

It is not without reason that strawberries are considered the queen of berries that grow in our climatic conditions. And this is thanks to its exquisite taste and unique aroma, which most of us like so much. Special taste qualities strawberry's closest relative, the garden strawberry, or Victoria, as it is also called, has. Unfortunately, the ripening season for this beautiful berry is quite short - by the end of the first summer month it stops bearing fruit. However, at the same time, it also requires considerable labor effort on the part of the owner, and not only in spring and summer. Victoria also needs care in the fall. And this, in turn, is a guarantee that next summer on your personal plot There will be a wonderful berry harvest. Therefore, we will talk about what to do with Victoria in the fall.

At all autumn care for Victoria assumes, firstly, mandatory pruning bushes, and secondly, feeding it with fertilizers, and thirdly, preparing the plant for winter.

One of the most basic milestones in caring for garden strawberries is pruning. As a rule, the mustache and leaves of bushes are pruned. The need for this procedure is explained by providing the plant with rest after active growth and fruiting, which will lead to rejuvenation of Victoria and a gain of strength by next summer. In addition, such treatment of Victoria in the fall will help improve the condition of each bush. It is known that various kinds pests settle on the leaves. By trimming them, you will naturally improve the health of your strawberries.

Regarding how to prune Victoria in the fall, it is recommended to perform this procedure immediately in the fall in September. Use pruners, a sharp knife or scissors for this. It is important to cut the leaves at a level of 10 cm from the ground so as not to damage the growing point of the Victoria.

After pruning, experienced gardeners advise treating the bushes with solutions against pests and diseases. It will also be very useful for the berries to weed the rows, loosen them and add fresh soil for the exposed roots.

How to care for Victoria berries in the fall: feeding

And here autumn feeding Victoria strawberries need to accumulate organic and mineral substances and form new fruit and leaf buds. Victoria fertilizer should be applied in the fall after trimming the leaves and tendrils, that is, in September.

If we talk about what to feed Victoria in the fall, then humus, compost, chicken droppings, and a barn are excellent for these purposes. Use and mineral fertilizers(superphosphate, potassium salt). Excellent growth for the kidneys is provided by fertilizing, for the preparation of which you need to mix 2 tablespoons of potassium fertilizers and nitrophoska with a glass wood ash, dissolving the mixture in 10 liters of water. This kind of chatter needs to be poured under each bush. After applying fertilizer, it is recommended to mulch the soil.

Autumn care for Victoria: preparing for winter

In areas where winter is always snowy, the Victorian cold is not terrible. But the lack of snow for plant bushes can be disastrous. That is why strawberries should be covered for the winter.

Ordinary straw is especially suitable for mulching. It is necessary to carefully and completely cover each bush. But if you don’t have straw at your disposal, you can use other materials. Fallen leaves, peat, tree branches or corn stalks - anything that can be found in your garden - can also be used as a covering cushion. In addition, quite often, to prepare Victoria strawberries for winter, they use purchased covering material - spunbond or lutrasil.

Thanks to this care in the fall, garden victoria the plant will accumulate strength and give you a tasty and rich harvest next year.

Garden strawberries, often called Victoria, have gained wide popularity and distribution in gardens in various regions of the country. This is due to the ease of its propagation, the early maturity of the crop, the convenience of protection from harsh winter weather conditions, and the high dietary and taste qualities of the berries. Many gardeners receive high yields of Victoria every year, having mastered its agricultural technology well.

Soil and planting site for Victoria

The plant must be planted on a piece of land with a slight slope to the west. There must be a place protected from winds. After all, in winter, Victoria is protected from frost by snow, which means that under no circumstances should it be blown away by the wind. A bare berry may freeze and die. It is advisable to choose sandy loam soil rich in humus.

Others are being added to it fertilizers. It is better to apply fertilizers in the fall, scattering them evenly and digging them with a shovel. In spring, shallow loosening is necessary in order to level the surfaces and cover moisture. For one square meter soil where strawberries will be planted, you will need:

• twenty grams of potassium chloride;
• twenty grams of ammonium nitrate;
• twenty-five grams of superphosphate;
• six kilograms of humus.

It is best to alternate planting Victoria with vegetable crops . The best precursors for this berry are: green plants (dill, parsley, lettuce), legumes, garlic, onions, root vegetables. And it is not advisable to plant it after potatoes, as the plant may become infected with a nematode.

Reproduction and planting

By mid-summer, adult Victoria plants grow tendrils, on which are located nodules that will produce roots and leaves in the future. Victoria reproduces with the help of such antennae. Three sockets located near mother plant, are considered to be of higher quality. When four to six leaves appear on such a rosette, it should be separated from the mother plant for planting in a permanent prepared place. In order for the plant to take root quickly and well, it is necessary to dig out rosettes with a lump of earth.

Many gardeners plant strawberries in beds ranging from eighty to one hundred centimeters wide and up to fifteen centimeters high. The edges of such beds can be edged with boards, and the passages can be filled with sawdust.

Victoria is planted throughout the growing season from the beginning of spring until the middle of the last month of summer. Planting dates are determined by the readiness of the sockets.

For spring, rosettes are grown in seedling beds or dug in near the mother bush. In this case, Victoria will bear fruit this year, although only slightly.

Very common ribbon two-row planting pattern. In this case, the distance between the rows in the tape is approximately forty centimeters, between the tapes themselves up to eighty centimeters, and between the plants from twenty to thirty centimeters. In this case, up to ten plants are placed on one square meter.

The density of planting depends on the Victoria variety and growing conditions.

Before planting seedlings, you should dig grooves or holes up to ten centimeters deep and water them well. Then plant the seedlings in them and water them thoroughly again.

It is best to plant in cloudy weather or in the evening. This improves survival rate.

In order to properly care for young Victoria seedlings, you should not forget them on time water. During the first two weeks, watering should be especially regular. If the weather is dry, then watering should be daily, and only then once every two or three days.

How to care for mature Victoria bushes

Spring chores

1. After the snow has melted and the top layers of soil in the Victoria beds have dried, all debris and dried leaves should be removed from them. Old tendrils and leaf petioles are best trimmed with pruning shears. Victoria bushes that did not survive winter frosts should be removed along with the roots. Weeds that have managed to grow in late autumn are also removed. All these plant residues are composted with manure or burned off-site.
2. After the soil in the beds and between rows has dried, it is loosened to a depth of about four centimeters, then the surface is leveled, crushing lumps and dusted with ash.
3. Now you can apply fertilizer. First of all, when caring for Victoria in the spring, organic fertilizers are applied, for example, sawdust or straw. To do this, they are first crushed and sprinkled a little around the bushes. You can also add peat chips or humus.
4. It is advisable to treat Victoria for pests in mid-April, and if that doesn’t work out, then in May. It will be enough to water the plants with a weak solution copper sulfate. After such watering, the first buds will begin to bloom on the plant.
5. Although Victoria is a moisture-loving plant, excess moisture has a negative effect on it. When caring for a plant, it is advisable to combine its watering with pest protection and fertilizers. Some gardeners do their first spring watering hot water.
6. After harvesting, watering and sprinkling with organic fertilizers, Victoria is required nitrogen fertilizers. They are introduced only after the first leaves appear on the plant. To do this, combine cowshed and ammonium sulfate, dilute with water and water the Victoria.
7. Plants should be watered in the morning once a week in spring. warm water . Before flowering, watering can be done by sprinkling. When Victoria blooms and when there are already berries on it, watering is done carefully so that water does not get on them.
8. Already in the spring you will have to fight weeds. If the rows are mulched with sawdust, then there will be no weeds, and water and fertilizers will pass directly to the tubers.

How to care for Victoria in the summer

1. Weekly watering of plants.
2. Weeding beds with Victoria from weeds.
3. Mandatory inspection of plants for diseases and pests.
4. When the first berries begin to set, be sure to add straw or sawdust. Then the fruits will not get dirty and rot.
5. It is necessary to remove damage to parts of the Victoria or the damaged bush itself so that other plants do not become infected from it.
6. Before flowering, fertilize with a solution of nitrophoska or potassium sulfate.
7. Berries must be picked regularly, along with the stem.
8. After harvesting Victoria, until the tenth of August, you should feed the bushes with wood ash and nitrophoska.
9. Cover the beds with film during heavy rains so that diseases do not develop and the berries do not become watery.
10. The tendrils of fruiting Victoria should be removed in a timely manner to prevent the rosettes from taking root. The tendrils are left only if seedlings are needed to resume planting. Leave them near the mother's rosettes.
11. After harvesting, the soil is loosened, and if the roots are exposed, the bush is hilled up.

Autumn work or preparing Victoria for winter

1. The soil must be mixed after flowering mulch. This is done with wood shavings, straw or dry moss. This allows you to protect the berries from gray rot. The same procedure is repeated again by mid-autumn, but using peat or grain production waste. The layer thickness should be from five to eight centimeters. Leaves should not be covered.
2. To prepare Victoria for winter, not only the mustache, but also the leaves are cut from the bushes at a distance of ten centimeters from the ground. This shouldn’t be scary, since new leaves will appear before winter and the plant will get stronger.
3. Trimmed bushes should be sprayed against diseases and pests.
4. Feed the plants with mineral fertilizers. This is necessary so that Victoria accumulates them to form new leaves and berry buds.
5. In areas where the winter is not very snowy, Victoria takes shelter. You can use ordinary straw, tree branches, and fallen leaves. Some special covering material is often used for this purpose. You can also cover it with film, but be sure to remember to remove it in the spring no later than the beginning of May.

Protection from pests and diseases

An important role in caring for Victoria is its protection from diseases and pests. The most common pests in Victoria are the strawberry mite and the nematode. And among diseases: gray rot of berries, powdery mildew and white spotting of berries. But how to care for Victoria to prevent this? To prevent such diseases and pests you should:

• Plant seedlings only when they are healthy;
• use varieties that are resistant to diseases and pests;
• prevent thickening of bushes;
• Limit watering during berry ripening;
• remove berries and leaves that are damaged;
• seedlings from healthy ones mother plants soak for fifteen minutes in hot (forty-six degrees) water to destroy the nematode and strawberry mite;
• To combat nematodes, it is recommended to plant calendula, onions, marigolds, garlic, and immortelle in the spaces between the rows of Victoria bushes.

Previously, only strawberries were grown in Russia - a fragrant and tasty berry, but small and not very productive, so today this plant is almost never found on garden plots. It was replaced by large-fruited strawberries, brought by sailors to Europe from America. One of its varieties, called “Victoria,” began to spread with particular speed, and soon all strawberries began to be called Victoria. To get a rich harvest of tasty and healthy berries, you need to know the rules for planting and growing Victoria in open ground areas.

Victoria landing time

The best time to plant strawberries is spring or autumn. In the spring, plants are planted as early as possible - immediately after warm weather sets in and the threat of return frosts disappears. In autumn, Victoria should be planted from the second half of August until September 15, and then next season the plantings will be pleased with the first berry.

Seedlings with a closed root system, purchased in cassettes or containers, can be planted as early as mid-July. The main thing is to choose a cloudy day for planting and moisten the soil well. Seedlings planted in summer will have time to take root well before winter and will produce a full harvest next spring.

Some gardeners grow planting material with their own hands, although this is a long and labor-intensive process. After all, it will take at least three years to obtain a full-fledged independent plant. Therefore, experts advise buying seedlings from well-known nurseries, and preferably in cassettes or containers. This is the most reliable and quick way growing crops.

Site selection

The area allocated for Victoria must be sunny and have flat surface with a slight slope to the southwest. To plant this crop, you should not choose steep slopes, from which the winter wind blows snow away, and spring waters carry away part of the fertile layer. Lowlands and depressions where melt water lasts for a long time are unsuitable for growing strawberries.

The soil on the site should contain a lot of organic matter. It is best to grow this berry in open ground Light loams, black soil or gray forest soil are suitable. Groundwater should lie no closer than 1 m to the ground surface.

Victoria is growing well after herbs, cereals, onions, garlic, petunias, marigolds. You should not plant berries in beds where tomatoes, eggplants, and cucumbers previously grew. After 3-4 years, the plants are transferred to a new location.

Spring planting

For spring planting of Victoria, the soil must be prepared in advance, even before the start of winter. The area must be carefully dug up, weeds must be removed and the following fertilizers must be applied to each square meter of area:

• humus - 9-10 kg;
• superphosphate - 100 g;
• potassium salt - 50g.

Seedlings for planting in spring must be selected that are strong and healthy. Before planting in the ground, it should be hardened for several days by placing it in a cool place.

Between plants located in the same row, leave 25-30 cm. To ensure ease of care, the beds are separated by passages 40-50 cm wide.

Before planting, the roots of the plant are cut to 10 cm and holes are dug to such a depth that the root system fits vertically. Special attention When planting Victoria, you should pay attention to the location of the neck of the bush.

The neck of the bush should be flush with the soil surface. If planted high, the roots may dry out, and if planted too deeply, the plant may rot.

The planted plant is watered abundantly and covered with special material to protect it from frost or sunburn.

Planting in autumn

Autumn planting of strawberry seedlings is considered optimal, since in the spring of next year a full harvest can be harvested from young bushes. Plants planted in early spring, will also begin to bear fruit next season, but you will have to take care of them all summer.

Before autumn planting, the site should be processed and prepared in early spring, adding the necessary fertilizers. If every piece of land in the garden is valuable, these beds can be temporarily occupied for onions, garlic or celery, that is, early-ripening vegetables.

Before planting seedlings in open ground, the roots should be treated with a fungicide (fungicide) and young plants should be kept in a cool place for several days.

Growing Victoria

In the first year after planting Victoria in the ground, do not try to get big harvest. On the contrary, in order for the plant to strengthen and grow its root system, it is necessary to remove the tendrils and flowers that appear.

Caring for adult plants involves a number of activities.

1. Processing the area with strawberries. In early spring, as soon as the growing season begins, it is necessary to collect old mulching material from the beds and between rows, remove dry and damaged leaves, and loosen the soil between the plants.
2. Watering. Large juicy fruits cannot be obtained without proper, balanced watering. There should be enough moisture for normal plant growth, but at the same time, severe waterlogging of the soil can cause rotting of the root system. Water Victoria once every 10 days at the rate of 10-12 liters per 1 square meter. m starting from mid-April. In summer, with the onset of heat, the frequency of watering can be increased to 4 times a week. In autumn, in August and September, the number of waterings is reduced to 2 times a week. Carry out watering work better in the morning, trying not to get water on the leaves and peduncles. During flowering, drip irrigation is used.
3. Loosening. After the next watering, the soil around the plants and between the rows must be carefully loosened, trying not to damage the adventitious roots lying near the surface of the earth. This is necessary in order to make the soil breathable and facilitate the flow of oxygen into the root system.
4. Weeding. Caring for plantings involves regularly removing weeds from beds and walkways. Weeds not only deplete the soil, taking most moisture and useful substances, but is also a breeding ground for pathogenic bacteria and a haven for pests. To stop the appearance of weeds, you can cover the planted area with mulching material: sawdust, wood chips, dry pine needles, or cover it with agrofibre.

These are the main activities that should be carried out regularly by every gardener involved in growing Victoria in open areas.

Care during flowering

The appearance of the first flower stalks occurs in mid-May. It is during this period that the future harvest, the quality and quantity of which depends on proper care. To feed the plants during this period, potassium fertilizers, humus and ash are added to the soil. You can increase the number of inflorescences using a solution of boric acid prepared at the rate of 1 tsp. onto a bucket of water, which is used to spray green bushes.

It is especially important to weed and loosen the area, preventing the appearance and growth of weeds. To get a large berry, you need to use pruning shears to remove all the excess tendrils and leaves that absorb moisture and nutrients from the soil.

Feeding Victoria

It is impossible to imagine caring for Victoria without feeding this plant. Fertilizers should be applied at least three times per season.

• Early in the spring, after processing the area allocated for berries, nitroammophoska is added to the soil. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which are part of this fertilizer, are the most necessary substances for plant development.
• During budding, potassium is added to the soil, a large amount of which is contained in ash, infusion of chicken manure, and potassium nitrate. After picking the berries, the plants are again fed with nitroammophoska, dissolving 2 tbsp. l. in 10 liters of water.
• And the last time Victoria is fed with urea is in August. This promotes the formation of new flower buds and more abundant fruiting next year. The solution is prepared at the rate of 30 g of urea per 10 liters of water.

Available for sale complex fertilizer, developed specifically for strawberries and increases yield by 30%.

Growing Victoria is an incredibly useful and interesting activity, although it requires certain skills and knowledge. By studying the advice of experts and providing proper care for the plants, it will not be difficult to get a decent harvest of this tasty berry.

The taste and size of Victoria strawberries depend on care and feeding. This is an undemanding and large berry.

It resists diseases well, but you need to choose the right place for planting. If necessary, adjust the soil, because on heavy soils with clay admixtures, the absorption of nutrients is impaired. Fertilizer for Victoria can be selected from organic substances available on the farm or you can use purchased mixtures specifically designed for strawberries.

If additional additives are not used, not all characteristics of the variety will be manifested. The longer a plant is in the garden, the more nutrients it takes up and the worse it grows and bears fruit: sour small berries, small bushes.

You can start caring for strawberries in the fall. If the seedlings have not yet been planted, you need to prepare the beds and add a certain amount of fertilizer - preferably organic, so that the young bushes immediately begin to grow.

Preparing the landing site

How to feed Victoria for the future harvest can be found in the household:

• compost;

• chicken droppings;

• manure;

• green manure;

• mineral mixtures.

But first you need to choose the right bed:

• it should be on the sunny side;

• be protected from the winds - a good option– put a fence on both sides of the garden bed so that the bushes are covered;

• do not choose areas where water stagnates;

• it’s not very good if the bed is located near potatoes, tomatoes, peppers;

• do not plant under trees.

You can plant Victoria in holes and add fertilizer to each hole. If water stagnates in the soil, it is better to plant on a “ridge”.

Feeding Victoria in spring

Strawberries respond very well to organic fertilizers. For spring fertilizing Victoria, you can use an infusion of chicken manure. Chicken fertilizer must be used carefully, as it is the most concentrated of all animal fertilizers.

To begin with, fill a third of the bucket with droppings and fill it with water. Wait 4 - 5 days until excess ammonia disappears from the mixture. Next, each liter of infusion is diluted in 20 liters of water. Water under the root into the hole so that the fertilizer does not spread.

The best option is compost based on manure or chicken droppings. But at home it takes a long time to ripen, and it’s a little expensive to buy.

The substance is prepared as follows - placed in layers in a pile:

• priming;

• manure;

• plant residues;

• kitchen waste.

For the first time Victoria has enough food. After rooting, after about 2 - 3 weeks, you can foliar spray the strawberries with a urea solution diluted twice. This will stimulate the growth of greenery and shoots. During fruiting, strawberries cannot be sprayed.

Flowers appear in mid-May.

It's time to think about what to feed Victoria to replenish its reserves of potassium and phosphorus. It is not advisable to use nitrogen-containing fertilizers, as this causes increased shoot growth, but has a bad effect on the formation of fruits: you can get large, beautiful strawberry bushes with one peduncle.

Ash solution – unique folk remedy, which has been used since time immemorial and always works well. To do this, you need to burn the wood and save the ashes. Many people in their dacha grill barbecue using firewood.

Hardwoods are more suitable, especially oak. Oak ash contains 20% potassium and 75% calcium. Young shoots contain more potassium, and weed ash also contains it. It’s easy to prepare an ash solution:

• take 300 g of ash;

• pour a bucket of water;

• wait 3 - 4 days.

You can water at the beginning of the fruiting period to better ripen the berries and give them a sweet taste.

Video: First feeding of strawberries in spring

It is important to regularly weed out weeds and trim strawberries, because for their growth the plant consumes additional nutrients, which should go towards the formation of fruits. It is recommended to cut off the first flowers so that the rest will be larger.

In spring, the plant should be especially protected from fungal diseases that can damage the berries. Proper and regular feeding helps maintain the plant’s immunity.

Victoria's summer feeding

Potassium and phosphorus are the substances that need to be used to fertilize Victoria in the summer during the period of active fruiting. You can continue to use the ash solution. If the ash is over, then mineral fertilizers are used. It is advisable to use those mixtures that are specifically designed for berry crops.

Conventional fertilizers for flowers and vegetables are not suitable, as they have an incomplete composition of microelements. Experienced gardeners advise to use potassium nitrate - 1 teaspoon of granules, diluted in 10 liters of water. Watering boric acid helps increase the number of inflorescences – Stir 1 teaspoon in a bucket of water.

If it lasts for a long time rainy weather and little sun, then we should expect the appearance of fungus on the strawberry plantation. To avoid this, you need to mulch the soil between the rows and under the bushes. The berries will be dry and there is less chance that the fungus from the soil will reach them.

Important! During the fruiting period, you cannot use chemicals against pests. Plants need to be sprayed in advance for prevention.

In summer, watering is especially important when strawberries gain weight. Nutrients must be dissolved in water and thus delivered to the berries. If there is not enough water, then the absorption of fertilizing will be inadequate, and the berries will be tasteless, or rather sour. In the absence of rain, strawberries It is recommended to water 3–4 times a week so that the soil is moistened to a depth of 10–12 cm.

Autumn feeding of Victoria strawberries

How to fertilize Victoria so that next year’s harvest will please you? Before you start autumn activities, you need to think about how long strawberries grow in one place. If it is 3 years old, then it needs to be replanted, otherwise the berries will become smaller and the yield will decrease. And in the fall, phosphorus mixtures are usually added. Phosphorus binds to the soil and remains in it until spring.

Superphosphate – a good choice. It can be embedded in the ground dry, making furrows around the bush, or diluted with water and watered in the depressions, and then covered with earth. Superphosphate dissolves in about a day, so it is first soaked and stirred periodically, and then watered.

Potassium is needed for the bush to overwinter well. Potassium fertilizers for Victoria can also be applied in September. If you use wood ash for this purpose, you can simultaneously achieve looser soil and reduce soil acidity. This is an economical remedy, since it is applied possible once every 3 years.

Important! You cannot add nitrogen before winter, because it stimulates the growth of green mass and the plant will die from the cold.

For the winter, strawberry bushes are mulched and, depending on the winter in the region, wrapped in polyethylene or spruce branches.

conclusions

To get a good harvest of Victoria strawberries, it is enough to follow simple rules use of fertilizers, watering and replanting of plants.

Hello, dear readers! I am the creator of the Fertilizers.NET project. I am glad to see each of you on its pages. I hope the information from the article was useful. Always open to communication - comments, suggestions, what else you want to see on the site, and even criticism, you can write to me on VKontakte, Instagram or Facebook (round icons below). Peace and happiness to everyone! 🙂

Hello, dear gardeners! It's time to harvest the strawberries. In order for this berry to retain its qualities and continue to produce a bountiful harvest, it is necessary to properly care for the strawberries after harvesting. Today we will talk about this.

Features of care

After harvesting, Victoria bushes need special care if you also want to enjoy the juicy fruits in the future. At the end of the season it becomes weak and overgrown with weeds. The first question for gardeners is: what to do?

1. First, remove the mulch.
2. Then get rid of the weeds.
3. Loosen the soil between the rows.

After the initial activities, try to restore the strength of the green mass. How to care after picking berries? Immediately after fruiting, it is necessary to trim the mustaches and bushes.

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Proper pruning

Pruning is carried out at the end of August or at the very beginning of September. Before pruning, remove all dry and damaged leaves. When to cut leaves is also an important question. If your plant has been “living” for the second year, then pruning the foliage is mandatory. The first year seedlings leave for the winter unpruned.

Pruning is carried out so that it remains part of a bush 5-6 cm high. Take a sharp pruning shears and cut!

Some gardeners mow down the entire Victoria plantation. Do you need to mow? Of course not! You can mow down the first year seedlings, and this is completely unacceptable.

When to prune shoots? At the end of August, you need to start trimming the mustaches; if this is not done, they will greatly weaken the strawberry bush. Leave the strongest shoots. Don’t leave too much, otherwise they will draw all the strength from the mother seedling.

Do I need to trim my mustache at the root? Cut the shoots with pruning shears as low to the ground as possible.

How to water strawberries at the end of the growing season? During this period it is very important proper watering. You shouldn’t water often, once every 14 days is enough, but plenty!

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Pest treatment

In August or September, seedlings should be treated. Viral and fungal diseases, which stick to weakened plants. Carry out comprehensive disease prevention "Nitrafen".

Powdery mildew most often affects. What to spray with powdery mildew. Use as an additional remedy "Topaz".

As a preventive measure at the end of the season it should be treated karbofos or "Aktellikom".

If you saw it on at least one berry gray rot, then do not expect damage to the entire crop or the transfer of the disease to the next season. This is a very dangerous fungus.

When a smoky layer appears on the berries, immediate treatment for diseases is required. First, remove spoiled leaves and weeds along with the roots. Burn it all, just don’t put it in compost heap! Then spray with the drug "Alirin-B".

Treatment with the drug is carried out before and after flowering. The procedure should be repeated 2 weeks after the first spraying. Dilute 2 tablets of the drug in 1 liter of water.

To save the plantation, carry out 2 treatments per season.

The drug "Switch" plants are also treated before and after flowering with an interval of 7 days. 10 g of product per 5 liters of water is enough. After harvesting, also spray the area with one of these products.

Can be sprayed in autumn Bordeaux mixture so that next year your beds will be clean and productive.

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Folk recipes

Many gardeners are generally against the use of chemicals.

• The usual one will protect you from all diseases. iodine- 15 drops per bucket of water. The procedure is carried out 2-3 times before flowering. It is not carried out at the stage of berry formation, as there is no need.
• Milk serum-1 glass per bucket of water. Can be enhanced with 2-3 drops of iodine.
• Potassium permangantsovka- pink solution + 5-6 drops of boric acid. Treat before flowering.
• + laundry soap. Chop a few cloves of garlic and cover with water for 7 days. After a week, pour water into a bucket, cut a piece laundry soap for better adhesion.
• Helps save strawberries from gray rot solution: 50 g powder per 5 l hot water. Let it brew for 48 hours, then add 5 liters of water. Use before or after flowering, and also when the berries begin to fill with juice.

Preventive measures against diseases

• The first thing to do is choose correct area for landing. Choose a well-lit, ventilated area. The best place– the middle of the territory with nutritious, loose soil.
• During the formation of berries, mulch the rows with a thin layer straw, sawdust or pine needles so that the fruits do not lie on the ground.
• Dust the soil between the plants tree resin.
• Plant it nearby.

These simple techniques will also help protect the harvest.

Fertilizing is an important stage in strawberry care.

https://youtu.be/fLAJeJuuor4

What to feed after picking berries? Severely weakened Victoria especially needs feeding. It is customary to feed this crop with organic matter in August – September. This could be chicken droppings, mullein or horse manure.

Horse and cow manure You can simply lay it out between the rows and under each bush. Autumn rains will soak pieces of manure, delivering nutrients to the roots. But chicken manure will have to be diluted with water in a ratio of 1:20. Water this way: a bucket for 8-10 seedlings.

Many gardeners choose mineral fertilizer. They simply scatter it over the planting area, then go over it with a hoe and water it generously. To prevent crust formation, plantings are covered peat or pine needles. Instead of organic matter, they often add ammophoska.

Important! In autumn, strawberries are fertilized only once, on any day after harvest.

Remontant strawberries - the love of gardeners

The remontant strawberry is attractive because it produces 2-3 harvests per season. The only depressing thing is that she is too vulnerable to disease. No matter what, everyone grows it larger number gardeners.

The first harvest can be harvested in July, and the second at the end of August. But between these periods, you can also enjoy ripe berries.

Remontant varieties NSD are most often grown. And if you want to make preparations for the winter, then choose DSD varieties. The disadvantage of this type of Victoria is its short life span due to severe exhaustion. But proper care will help you enjoy the fruits for 3 or more years.

If you decide to grow this crop, then you will need to start planting in early September to allow it to take root. It can be propagated by bushes and mustaches.

The famous agricultural technician Ganichkina helps to grow excellent harvest many cultures, so let's listen to her advice.

After fruiting, strawberries need to be prepared for the next harvest year. Oktyabrina offers to produce removal of foliage and shoots. When the bushes are free of fruit, it’s time to trim the mustache. To do this, you should cut them off at the very base of the bush, and repeat several times. This is done so as not to reduce next year's harvest.

Leaf trimming too important point care This manipulation should be carried out after fruiting, during the formation of fruit buds. Infected leaves of the crop should also be trimmed. This is done 2-2.5 months after harvesting the fruits, when the leaves turn red.

Watering the plantings should also be plentiful - once a week. Feeding is carried out in the same way as with a regular Victoria.

It is not without reason that strawberries are considered the queen of berries that grow in our climatic conditions. And this is thanks to its exquisite taste and unique aroma, which most of us like so much. Strawberry's closest relative, garden strawberry, or Victoria, as it is also called, has special taste qualities. Unfortunately, the ripening season for this beautiful berry is quite short - by the end of the first summer month it stops bearing fruit. However, at the same time, it also requires considerable labor effort on the part of the owner, and not only in spring and summer. Victoria also needs care in the fall. And this, in turn, is a guarantee that next summer there will be a wonderful berry harvest on your plot. Therefore, we will talk about what to do with Victoria in the fall.

In general, autumn care for Victoria involves, firstly, mandatory pruning of bushes, and secondly, feeding it with fertilizers, and thirdly, preparing the plant for winter.

How to care for Victoria in the fall: pruning bushes

One of the most basic milestones in caring for garden strawberries is pruning. As a rule, the mustache and leaves of bushes are pruned. The need for this procedure is explained by providing the plant with rest after active growth and fruiting, which will lead to rejuvenation of Victoria and a gain of strength by next summer. In addition, such treatment of Victoria in the fall will help improve the condition of each bush. It is known that various types of pests settle on the leaves. By trimming them, you will naturally improve the health of your strawberries.

Regarding how to prune Victoria in the fall, it is recommended to perform this procedure immediately in the fall in September. Use pruners, a sharp knife or scissors for this. It is important to cut the leaves at a level of 10 cm from the ground so as not to damage the growing point of the Victoria.

After pruning, experienced gardeners advise treating the bushes with solutions against pests and diseases. It will also be very useful for the berries to weed the rows, loosen them and add fresh soil for the exposed roots.

How to care for Victoria berries in the fall: feeding

But Victoria strawberries need autumn feeding to accumulate organic and mineral substances and form new fruit and leaf buds. Victoria fertilizer should be applied in the fall after trimming the leaves and tendrils, that is, in September.

If we talk about what to feed Victoria in the fall, then humus, chicken droppings, and a barn are excellent for these purposes. Mineral fertilizers (potassium salt) are also used. Excellent growth for the kidneys is provided by fertilizing, for the preparation of which you need to mix 2 tablespoons of potassium fertilizers and nitrophoska with a glass of wood ash, dissolving the mixture in 10 liters of water. This kind of chatter needs to be poured under each bush. After applying fertilizer, it is recommended to mulch the soil.

Autumn care for Victoria: preparing for winter

In areas where winter is always snowy, the Victorian cold is not terrible. But the lack of snow for plant bushes can be disastrous. That is why strawberries should be covered for the winter.

Ordinary straw is especially suitable for mulching. It is necessary to carefully and completely cover each bush. But if you don’t have straw at your disposal, you can use other materials. Fallen leaves, peat, tree branches or corn stalks - anything that can be found in your garden - can also be used as a covering cushion. In addition, quite often, to prepare Victoria strawberries for winter, they use purchased covering material - spunbond or lutrasil.

Thanks to this autumn care for your garden Victoria, the plant will accumulate strength and give you a tasty and rich harvest next year.

The taste and size of Victoria strawberries depend on care and feeding. This is an undemanding and large berry.

It resists diseases well, but you need to choose the right place for planting. If necessary, adjust the soil, because on heavy soils with clay admixtures, the absorption of nutrients is impaired. Fertilizer for Victoria can be selected from organic substances available on the farm or you can use purchased mixtures specifically designed for strawberries.

If additional additives are not used, not all characteristics of the variety will be manifested. The longer a plant is in the garden, the more nutrients it takes up and the worse it grows and bears fruit: sour small berries, small bushes.

You can start caring for strawberries in the fall. If the seedlings have not yet been planted, you need to prepare the beds and add a certain amount of fertilizer - preferably organic, so that the young bushes immediately begin to grow.

Preparing the landing site

How to feed Victoria for the future harvest can be found in the household:

• compost;

• chicken droppings;

• manure;

• green manure;

• mineral mixtures.

But first you need to choose the right bed:

• it should be on the sunny side;

• to be protected from the winds - a good option is to put a fence on both sides of the garden bed so that the bushes are covered;

• do not choose areas where water stagnates;

• it’s not very good if the bed is located near potatoes, tomatoes, peppers;

• do not plant under trees.

You can plant Victoria in holes and add fertilizer to each hole. If water stagnates in the soil, it is better to plant on a “ridge”.

Feeding Victoria in spring

Strawberries respond very well to organic fertilizers. For spring feeding of Victoria, you can use an infusion of chicken manure. Chicken fertilizer must be used carefully, as it is the most concentrated of all animal fertilizers.

To start A third of the bucket is filled with droppings and filled with water. Wait 4 - 5 days until excess ammonia disappears from the mixture. Next, each liter of infusion is diluted in 20 liters of water. Water under the root into the hole so that the fertilizer does not spread.

The best option is compost based on manure or chicken droppings. But at home it takes a long time to ripen, and it’s a little expensive to buy.

The substance is prepared as follows - placed in layers in a pile:

• priming;

• manure;

• plant residues;

• kitchen waste.

For the first time Victoria has enough food. After rooting, after about 2 - 3 weeks, you can foliar spray the strawberries with a urea solution diluted twice. This will stimulate the growth of greenery and shoots. During fruiting, strawberries cannot be sprayed.

Flowers appear in mid-May.

It's time to think about what to feed Victoria to replenish its reserves of potassium and phosphorus. It is not advisable to use nitrogen-containing fertilizers, as this causes increased shoot growth, but has a bad effect on the formation of fruits: you can get large, beautiful strawberry bushes with one peduncle.

Ash solution is a unique folk remedy that has been used since time immemorial and always works well. To do this, you need to burn the wood and save the ashes. Many people in their dacha grill barbecue using firewood.

Hardwoods are more suitable, especially oak. Oak ash contains 20% potassium and 75% calcium. Young shoots contain more potassium, and weed ash also contains it. It’s easy to prepare an ash solution:

• take 300 g of ash;

• pour a bucket of water;

• wait 3 – 4 days.

You can water at the beginning of the fruiting period to better ripen the berries and give them a sweet taste.

Video: First feeding of strawberries in spring

It is important to regularly weed out weeds and trim strawberries, because for their growth the plant consumes additional nutrients, which should go towards the formation of fruits. It is recommended to cut off the first flowers so that the rest will be larger.

In spring, the plant should be especially protected from fungal diseases that can damage the berries. Proper and regular feeding helps maintain the plant’s immunity.

Victoria's summer feeding

Potassium and phosphorus are the substances that need to be used to fertilize Victoria in the summer during the period of active fruiting. You can continue to use the ash solution. If the ash is over, then mineral fertilizers are used. It is advisable to use those mixtures that are specifically designed for berry crops.

Conventional fertilizers for flowers and vegetables are not suitable, as they have an incomplete composition of microelements. Experienced gardeners advise using potassium nitrate - 1 teaspoon of granules, diluted in 10 liters of water. Watering boric acid helps increase the number of inflorescences – Stir 1 teaspoon in a bucket of water.

If rainy weather lasts for a long time and there is little sun, then you should expect the appearance of fungus on the strawberry plantation. To avoid this, you need to mulch the soil between the rows and under the bushes. The berries will be dry and there is less chance that the fungus from the soil will reach them.

Important! During the fruiting period, you cannot use chemicals against pests. Plants need to be sprayed in advance for prevention.

In summer, watering is especially important when strawberries gain weight. Nutrients must be dissolved in water and thus delivered to the berries. If there is not enough water, then the absorption of fertilizing will be inadequate, and the berries will be tasteless, or rather sour. In the absence of rain, strawberries It is recommended to water 3 – 4 times a week so that the soil is moistened to a depth of 10–12 cm.

Autumn feeding of Victoria strawberries

How to fertilize Victoria so that next year’s harvest will please you? Before you start autumn activities, you need to think about how long strawberries grow in one place. If it is 3 years old, then it needs to be replanted, otherwise the berries will become smaller and the yield will decrease. And in the fall, phosphorus mixtures are usually added. Phosphorus binds to the soil and remains in it until spring.

Superphosphate is a good choice. It can be embedded in the ground dry, making furrows around the bush, or diluted with water and watered in the depressions, and then covered with earth. Superphosphate dissolves in about a day, so it is first soaked and stirred periodically, and then watered.

How to care for Victoria in the spring, caring for strawberries. Everyone has a Victoria at their dacha; in the spring, when everything starts to grow, many people have questions caring for Victoria, what should you do? Victoria leaves live 50-60 days a year. The top layer of soil up to 3 cm can be removed, this way you will protect the plantings from pests that overwintered in the litter. In the spring, when the weather permits, you can begin to cleanse the Victoria from last year’s foliage and debris. You can cut off all the foliage, leaving only the growth point. The entire Victoria plantation can be sprinkled with wood ash, (read all about fertilizing with wood ash at the link). Caring for Victoria (strawberry) in spring includes fertilization and mulching. Sprinkling with ash, also sprinkling with sawdust or ordinary humus. But that's it spring care for Victoria (strawberries) does not end. At the beginning of May, Victoria needs to be fed with complex mineral fertilizer. Before the buds open, spray the bushes with a solution of copper sulfate, this way you will prevent diseases of young foliage. When green leaves appear on Victoria bushes, then you need a solution of mullein with ammonium sulfate for each bush. If you trust You can only use natural fertilizers other than wood ash, Fertilize with potassium (sodium) humate. Water the strawberries once a week with warm, settled water. You can water before flowering by sprinkling, but as soon as the flowers appear, you need to water under the bush, excluding getting on the leaves themselves.

Growing and caring for Victoria

Have you decided to plant this wonderful berry on your plot? To do this you need:

• Select a location Prepare the soil Purchase planting material

We choose a sunny place for planting this wonderful berry. Then we prepare the soil for planting. Victoria prefers fertile soil and for this we add humus at the rate of two buckets per square meter, and as mineral fertilizers - ash at the rate of two liters per square meter. The berries are planted in spring, summer and autumn. good time planting is the month of April.

At this time, the seedlings are well accepted, suffer less, and in June they can already harvest. For planting, you need to take rosettes with a well-developed root system. Plant on a flat area, making small depressions and spilling them with water.

The distance between the rows is 50-60 centimeters, between the rosettes - 30. In order for the rosette to be well accepted, we dip its roots in a mixture of mullein and clay.

We make the mixture at the rate of 1 bucket of clay per 0.5 bucket of mullein, dilute with water to a creamy consistency. After planting, water generously. Then water as it dries.

Before flowering begins, watering can be done with a sprinkler, and then with a hose along the grooves. Victoria loves organic fertilizers and uses mullein for feeding. I dilute it 1:10. I feed the plants twice a season.

First time in early spring and then during the beginning of flowering. I feed it after watering on damp soil. After which I loosen the soil and then mulch with straw or small grass cut with a grass cutter. Thanks to mulching, moisture is retained longer, the soil does not become crusty, the berries remain clean and this protects the berries from damp rot and weeds. In order to get a larger and larger harvest of berries, during flowering and fruiting, we remove the whiskers. And if you want to propagate the berry, then after harvesting, leave 1-2 whiskers closer to the mother plant. Then caring for Victoria comes down to watering, not allowing the plants to dry out, weeding and removing dried leaves. For In order for the berry to overwinter well, it needs late autumn pour well. And before frost, cover with leaves, straw or other material.

Proper care of Victoria - a rich harvest

Correct caring for victoria will allow you to get a rich harvest, from planting and watering to harvesting. It's no secret that Victoria has many beneficial properties, not to mention its excellent taste.

A rich harvest is the result proper care behind Victoria. Garden strawberries, which are usually called “Victoria,” are a very tasty and aromatic berry. In fact, Victoria is just a variety of strawberry. Caring for strawberries and Victoria has some features and differences.

Victoria landing

Victoria needs to be planted on a flat area with a slight slope to the west. It is necessary that the planting area be well protected from the wind, which winter time, blowing snow off plants, can cause their death from frost. Victoria grows best on sandy loam soils containing large amounts of humus. Victoria reproduces by mustaches that grow by mid-summer. From the nodes located on the tendrils, new shoots grow - rosettes of leaves and roots.

The first 2 - 3 rosettes from the main plant are considered the most suitable for propagation. The most suitable are the mustaches from two-year-old bushes. When 4 - 6 leaves form on a rosette, it should be cut off from the tendril and, together with a lump of earth, planted in a prepared hole in a permanent place. Victoria is usually planted in spring or autumn, with preliminary preparation soil.

If it is expected spring planting, then the soil should be prepared in the fall, if it is autumn, then the site is prepared in June. 6 kg of humus and mineral fertilizers are added to the dug up soil per square meter: potassium salt and ammonium nitrate, 20 grams each, plus 25 grams of superphosphate. In order to make it convenient to care for the plants, they are planted in rows like ridges, up to 10 cm high. 20 - 30 cm should be left between the bushes, with a row spacing of 60 - 70 cm.

Victoria care and watering

Victoria is very picky about care and watering. If you regularly carry out work to conserve moisture by loosening the soil, mulching, snow retention, and removing weeds, you can do without watering.

But when watering it up to 10 times per season, it is possible to obtain a more generous harvest. After flowering has ended, the soil in the garden bed is mulched with wood shavings, straw or dry moss. This protects the berries from damp rot. In mid-autumn, you need to do a second mulching with peat or grain waste.

The mulch thickness should be 5 - 8 cm. After harvesting, the soil around the bushes should be loosened. When the roots are exposed, the plant must be earthed up.

An important role for obtaining good harvest strawberries and its weeding. Good and timely caring for victoria will delight you with the resulting harvest of berries, which are indispensable in the treatment of kidney and liver diseases, and diabetes. Victoria berries promote blood formation, increase productivity, strengthen the immune system. Read also about remontant varieties of Victoria, as we often call it, or simply strawberries.

Victoria - delicious victory with little secrets

Greetings, dear readers! One of the first varieties of well-known garden strawberries is the Victoria berry. Victoria fruits have an extraordinary aroma and look beautiful and appetizing on a plate.

Victoria is a berry that has many valuable properties and contains nutrients. It contains vitamin C. The name Victoria is very suitable for this berry. To feel Victoria - victory - you need to see a well-groomed bed of beautiful berries.

And for this you need to properly care for the plant. Let's talk about that in the garden plot. Victoria reproduces with a mustache. They usually appear by mid-summer. For further cultivation plants use rosettes located next to the mother bush.

Whiskers from two-year-old plants work best. You need to plant a rosette with four leaves on the ridge, separating it from the general plant. Victoria bushes are planted in spring or autumn. But at the same time, the area for planting is prepared in advance.

For spring planting, the beds are prepared in the fall, and for autumn planting - in June, not forgetting to fertilize the soil. It is advisable to plant Victoria on level ground with a slope in a westerly direction.

In winter, snow should accumulate on the site so that the Victoria bushes do not die. In this regard, the bed must be positioned so that it is not strongly blown by the wind. In order to plant bushes, it is necessary to make holes in the prepared bed into which the mustaches, dug out along with a lump of soil, are placed.

This must be done immediately, without leaving the rosette for the next days. The Victoria berry is susceptible to infection with gray rot. To prevent this disease, the soil on the ridge is mulched with wood shavings or straws, 10 cm thick. At the same time, the leaves of the plant are not covered.

When the harvest is harvested, the soil around the berry bushes must be loosened. When the roots are exposed, the berries are hilled up; regular weeding of Victoria is the key to obtaining a good harvest. Before flowering, in order to prevent gray rot disease, it is necessary to spray with an iodine solution. Special requirements are imposed on watering the bushes.

Moderate watering of the plant will allow you to preserve a large amount of vitamin products. Without additional moisture, Victoria will grow if you cover it with snow in winter, carry out high-quality weeding, and do timely and regular loosening of the soil. For today, that’s all about the area. Don’t miss the opportunity to enjoy Victoria berries.

Its taste is gone, but its benefits are immeasurable. When consuming, carefully rinse the fruit under running water. running water. You can use garden strawberries for fasting days due to its low calorie content.

Drinking a decoction of berries and leaves will help you lose extra pounds. Any gardener will sooner or later want to plant strawberries on his plot. But how to care for Victoria to get a good harvest?

This question worries many gardeners who planted this berry crop on their plot for the first time. Is this plant difficult to care for? At first glance it may seem so.

However, if you consider some basic recommendations for caring for Victoria, it turns out that this task is not so difficult. Of course, it may be difficult at first, but with a little practice, you will become a guru in growing strawberries. And in this article you will receive comprehensive answers to important questions about the agricultural technology of this berry crop.

How to plant Victoria

So, let's consider the first question - how to plant Victoria? The answer to this is important, since it is the planting of strawberries that affects the quality of the future harvest. To understand how to plant strawberries, you must first briefly consider the structure of its bushes.

Take a look at the photo attached just below. As you can see, there is a main, uterine bush. Thanks to him, the propagation of berry crops is possible. Whiskers extend from the main strawberry bush.

Rosettes appear on these shoots - future fruit-bearing bushes. Over time, this rosette will also turn into a uterine bush. Important! For propagation, choose those shoots that have no more than three rosettes.

This will ensure stable growth of each bush, which will also affect the quality of the fruit. As soon as the rosette begins to form, immediately carefully stick its roots into the soil. This way you will provide the plant with constant nutrition of important vital elements.

After some time, when the bushes have formed, they can be planted. It is worth noting that each mother bush can produce up to 15 good sockets. This means that you don’t have to constantly buy seedlings, and you will always have your own. Memo.

Victoria should be planted in mid-summer (July). Many gardeners advise choosing the evening time of day for this: in this case, the plant will undergo night acclimatization. What bushes can be planted in the ground? Will all sockets fit?

No, you only need to plant those seedlings that have formed a root system, have several leaves and a developed heart. Therefore, if you are buying sockets, then pay attention to all these factors, so as not to be upset later because your plant is not accepted.

In the same case, when you have your own uterine bush, then before you carefully tear off the rosette from the mustache, make sure that it matches this description. Before planting the plant, carefully straighten its roots. The location chosen for planting Victoria is also important.

The berry crop develops well on sandy, slightly acidic and loamy soil. Don't forget to saturate the soil with humus and important nutrients.

You cannot plant the plant in clay soil (it will die) and sandy soil is not recommended (the harvest will be small). Reminder! Do not plant strawberries in beds adjacent to peppers, tomatoes and potatoes.

Also, you should not plant seedlings near trees: their root system will interfere with the development of Victoria. But the proximity to corn and sunflowers will be very useful - they will protect the berry crop from the winds. The plant does not like high humidity, low temperatures and cold winds.

Such weather conditions adversely affect the productivity of the variety: the harvest will be small, and the fruits themselves will become small and diseased. But warm and sunny places will ensure that Victoria will bear fruit abundantly with large and beautiful berries.

How to water Victoria

Strawberries are considered a moisture-loving plant. Therefore, are there any special recommendations on how to water Victoria? It turned out that yes. In the first month after planting, the plant needs to be watered in the holes. After 30 days, the bushes are irrigated by filling the beds with water.

It turns out that it is from this period that Victoria begins to receive moisture abundantly. In this case, many gardeners do not reinvent the wheel, but simply bring the end of the hose to the garden bed and fill it to the top. Yes, you shouldn't be greedy with water.

For such generosity, Victoria will give you her large, pleasant-tasting fruits. But you can find out what to do with this bountiful harvest here.

How often to water Victoria

It is clear that strawberries need plenty of watering. But still, how often to water Victoria so as not to harm the plant? In spring, strawberries begin to grow rapidly.

If you do not give it the necessary moisture during this period, then you should not be surprised that the berries are small and dry when ripe. Watering continues almost until mid-autumn. In the spring and autumn seasons, strawberry bushes should be irrigated once a week.

This should be done in the morning and preferably with warm water. In the summer season, Victoria needs to be watered at least twice a week, and if the days are hot, then it can be done every other day. At the same time, we must not forget to fertilize the plants with liquid subcortex.

How to care for Victoria in spring

The spring season is the most labor-intensive. It is at this time that strawberries need special care. Therefore, how to care for Victoria in the spring? You have just finished eating frozen strawberries when spring comes to your yard, and with it it’s time for you to go out to your plot.

Where to begin? First, carefully inspect your beds. Remove all frozen plants without regret: there is no place for them to take up space in the beds.

Dead leaves must be removed from living bushes. After carefully examining the bushes and removing the dead ones, proceed to the next step: remove upper layer the land with which you mulched Victoria last year. Why is this being done?

Firstly, various pests live in this layer and have taken refuge here from the cold, and secondly, the root system will begin to receive additional heat from the rays of the sun. When you have completed all these procedures, it is advisable to feed the strawberries with nitrogen fertilizer. As soon as your bushes are pleased with new leaves, then immediately “feed” your plants with a solution of mullein with the addition of ammonium sulfate. And when May comes, Victoria should receive a portion of complex mineral fertilizer.

How to grow a large Victoria

So, all the main work has been completed. The gardener is waiting for his fruits. But how to grow a large Victoria, because every gardener wants to get a special trophy? In fact, a lot depends on the gardener himself, or rather on whether he will help the Victoria in its fruiting. What is it about?

Again about fertilizer. And it doesn’t matter what you are doing - trying to grow cherries from seeds or wanting to get a large Victoria fruit - correct and timely fertilization will play a key role in these matters. Make it a rule to fertilize plants not only in the spring (as discussed above), but and before flowering and ripening.

In the first case, it is advisable to feed the strawberries bird droppings. The solution is prepared as follows: one bucket of litter is filled with three buckets of water. The liquid should stand for three to five days.

The resulting solution is diluted 1 to 20 and the grooves between the beds are watered with it. And before ripening, Victoria should be fertilized twice: with boric acid and zinc sulfate. Thanks to all these actions, you can expect a bountiful and large-fruited harvest.

Growing wild strawberries, strawberries, Victoria Among berry crops, wild strawberries (strawberries) are most widespread.

It is characterized by precociousness and high ability for vegetative propagation. Its berries contain from 5.5 to 9.2% sugar, 0.56-1.37% acids, vitamin C (on average from 50 to 70 mg).

Reactive compounds (catechins, anthocyanins, flavones and others), trace elements (manganese, cobalt, iodine) and other valuable substances. Strawberries can grow in different soil and climatic conditions.

This is a perennial herbaceous plant whose leaves gradually die and renew themselves. The above-ground system has three types of shoots. The first type is shortened shoots (horns).

They have an apical bud, a rosette of three to five leaves with lateral axillary buds and adventitious roots. New horns develop from the buds of the lower part of the horn. The second type of shoots is mustaches. They are formed from the vegetative buds of the horn.

Rosettes are formed on them, daughter plants that are used for vegetative propagation strawberries The third type of shoots is peduncles. They develop from the apical buds of the upper part of the horn.

The strawberry bush does not have a central stem or apical growth. New growths are formed from lateral, axillary buds located below the apical ones, in the lateral part of the stem. Two new stems may arise from the axillary buds on the side, less often - three.

The resulting stems - horns, in turn, also branch, form a set of shortened stems and make up the “crown” of the strawberry bush. The number of horns reaches 30 or more and depends on the age of the bush, variety, agricultural conditions and other reasons.

Horns appear in limited quantities in the spring, but their mass formation occurs in the second half of summer, i.e., at the end of the harvest. Cord-like stems, or tendrils, are formed early in the spring and long time are in their infancy.

Whiskers appear already in the first year of a plant’s life and deplete it if they are not removed in a timely manner. The string-like tendril-like stems first grow upward and then bend towards the ground. When the tendril bends towards the ground and comes into contact with it, roots and leaf buds appear at the nodes.

The roots remain in the air for some time until, together with the stem node, they touch the ground. At favorable conditions developed roots and a small number of leaves form a rosette.

In strawberries, each new stem is formed from a lateral dormant bud at the base of the previous year's growth. Since with the age of the bush, lateral branches (horns) appear higher and higher in relation to the soil surface, the young roots move away from the ground and are on the soil, as if in the air.

In order for young roots to grow and develop, strawberry bushes need to be hilled. The root system of strawberries is concentrated mainly in surface layer soil - up to 25-30 cm. Under favorable conditions, new-planted strawberries have roots reaching 70-80 cm in depth.

Some varieties (Rannyaya Makheraukha, Leningradskaya Rannyaya) are characterized by a more superficial placement of roots. The maximum depth of their placement does not exceed 60-70 cm. In all cultivation areas, strawberries suffer from severe frosts if there is no snow cover.

In snowless winters, strawberry bushes die at a temperature of minus 15-18°C, but a slight snow cover is enough for the frost resistance of strawberries to sharply increase. Winter hardiness in strawberries is reduced as a result of leaves being infected with strawberry mites or being damaged by white spot.

The winter hardiness of plants also decreases sharply in a dry year, especially if the drought continues after harvest. The effect of drought is that after picking berries, plants form a small amount of new leaves, while old leaves, damaged by pests and diseases, sharply reduce photosynthetic activity.

The frost resistance of plants also decreases if the root system is not provided with sufficient air access. If the autumn is dry, the plants lack nutrition, they are weakened by weeds, pests and diseases, and depleted by the formation of large quantity mustache, the next year the berry harvest decreases sharply.

It is advisable to limit the cultivation of strawberries in one place to four years, that is, to obtain a harvest within two to three years. Planting strawberries and Victoria is carried out with healthy planting material.

In the Central Non-Chernozem Zone top scores gives spring planting (third ten days of April - first ten days of May inclusive). You can use planting material obtained from the uterine plots of fruit nurseries, as well as material stored in the refrigerator or in cold rooms during the winter.

Early summer planting(July-August) using well-formed seedlings can also give a high yield the next year. Autumn planting strawberry planting must be completed before September 10, because at later dates the plants do not take root and do not overwinter well.

Strawberries are planted according to a single-row pattern with row spacing of 80 or 90 cm and distances between plants in a row from 15 to 20 cm. With sufficient quantity planting material and using varieties with a compact above-ground part (Krasavitsa Zagorya, Early Maheraukha, etc.), it is possible to carry out thickened plantings according to a two-line pattern, the distance between lines is from 15 to 20 cm.

Such plantings give a berry yield higher by 25-27% compared to a one-line scheme. Before planting, the roots of strawberry seedlings are dipped in soil mash. Plants should not be planted too deep and not too shallow, so that the “heart” of the seedlings is on the surface of the soil.

Before planting, the area can be pre-mulched with light-proof materials. This technique helps to effectively suppress weeds, increase soil moisture and create conditions for good plant development.

This leads to an increase in strawberry yields by more than 30%, the ripening of berries is accelerated by several days, and the degree of damage to them by gray rot is reduced. Polymer film or thermohydrophobic paper is used as mulching materials.

The edges and ends of the mulching materials are sprinkled with soil and the seedlings are planted in the prepared holes in the mulch. Strawberry varieties recommended for cultivation differ high yield, winter hardiness and resistance to pests and diseases.

Caring for plantings of strawberries, Victoria In the spring, it is necessary to remove dry leaves from a plot of fruiting strawberries with a rake and, after the first loosening of the soil, treat the seedlings against diseases and pests. In table

12 some are listed chemicals, used for these purposes. When preparing the soil for planting strawberries, it is advisable to add from 80 to 100 kg to a 10 m2 plot organic fertilizers(rotted manure, compost), 450 g of simple superphosphate and 180 g of potassium chloride.

In this case, one third of the fertilizer should be incorporated into the soil to a depth of 20-25 cm, and two thirds - to a depth of 10-12 cm. It is not recommended to apply nitrogen fertilizers to strawberries in the first year due to the risk of gray rot affecting the berries.

In addition, nitrogen fertilizers cause vigorous leaf growth. Therefore, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are used during this period. In early spring, they are applied evenly throughout the entire area and covered with a hoe.

In the spring, strawberries of the second year are fed with ammonium nitrate (100 g per 1 m2). This fertilizing can be omitted if a sufficient amount of organic fertilizer is applied before planting.

For third-year strawberries, add 100 g of superphosphate, 100 g of potassium chloride and 150 g of ammonium nitrate per 10 m2. Typically, half of nitrogen fertilizers are applied in the spring, the rest after harvesting.

Starting from the second year after planting, Moyasho strawberries should be fed in early spring and after harvesting with a combined liquid fertilizer(1 part mullein to 5 parts water with the addition of 60 g of simple superphosphate and 100-150 g of wood ash per 1 bucket of solution). They feed as follows: make grooves 4-5 cm deep on both sides of the strawberry rows and add a solution of fertilizer into them at the rate of 1 bucket per 3-4 m. After applying the fertilizer, the grooves are covered with earth and watered with water.

A special combined mixture for fruit and berry crops is applied at the rate of 400-500 g per 10 m2, evenly distributed over the area. Additional measures combating diseases and pests at the beginning of the growing season - cleaning of dry and diseased leaves, at the beginning of flowering - laying out straw in the rows, putting rotten berries in a separate container during harvest and destroying them outside the plantation, applying full mineral fertilizing and watering.

Chemicals used to control diseases and pests. In most regions of the Central Non-Black Earth Region, after harvesting the berries, the leaves are immediately mowed down. This is necessary to reduce the incidence of plant diseases and pests.

The cutting height should be at least 1-2 cm above the level of the horns; leaves are collected and destroyed off-site. In the second half of summer, the tendrils from the rows are moved into rows with a rake, this helps to thicken and expand the rows of young strawberries with the formation of a strip of plants up to 40 cm wide.

In a plot of fruiting strawberries, the mustaches must be removed as they appear up to three times in the summer-autumn period, since the destruction of the mustaches promotes better formation of fruit buds and the development of mother plants. When using film shelters (tunnels), the harvest of one-year and two-year-old strawberries ripens 10-12 days earlier and is 70-80% larger than usual.

The simplest types of shelters are tunnels. To equip the tunnel, a wire frame is made over the rows of strawberries. To do this, a wire 4-6 mm thick and 2-2.5 m long is bent into arcs and installed over the rows of strawberries at a distance of about 1 m from one another.

Twine is pulled along the top of the arcs so that the film does not sag. Then the frame is covered with rolled film. It is reinforced from above with the same arches. For more reliable protection plants from adverse weather conditions, the tunnel can be covered with two layers of film.

This is done when the air temperature is minus 5°C. It is advisable to keep the plants under film until the first harvest. However, in case of severe drought, it is necessary to leave the film for the entire harvest period.

During flowering, the film cover must be opened so that the plants are pollinated by bees. In tunnels, plant care is made easier if you use perforated (perforated) film (up to 40 holes per 1 linear meter, 26 mm in diameter).

This film does not need to be removed during flowering, since the bees have access to flowering plants using holes. Cultivation of remontant varieties (Sakhalinskaya, Inexhaustible, Ada, Druzhba, Arpagoy, etc.) allows for continuous or repeated fruiting in the season.

In the conditions of the Moscow region, for example, the first harvest of berries of these varieties is harvested at the same time as conventional varieties, and the second - from the end of July until the autumn frosts. To obtain a strawberry harvest in the fall, semi-remontant varieties are also used (Talisman, Redgauntlet, Zenga Zengana, Surprise Gallya, Krasavitsa Zagorya, etc.), in which differentiation of fruit buds can take place in the spring-summer period during flowering.

The second harvest will be better if bud differentiation takes place under short day conditions of 10-12 hours for 20 days (plants are covered with light-proof materials) and the air temperature does not exceed 14-16°C. To stimulate re-blooming, you can mow the leaves after the first fruiting.

Film greenhouses allow you to get not one, but two crops per season from the same plants. In the first year, the greenhouse can be used to grow seedlings and then leave the seedlings for permanent place, and therefore there is no need to dig, store and plant it.

Semi-remontant strawberry varieties (Talisman, Redgauntlet, Zenga Zengana and others) are planted in greenhouses, which, under appropriate conditions, produce a second harvest in 2-2.5 months. after the first, In other crop rotations, plants stored in the refrigerator are used.

They are planted 5-10 days after covering the greenhouse with film when the soil warms up to 7-10°C. The best plants strawberries for forcing in greenhouses are those that have a well-developed bush, with three to five horns, with flower buds that have undergone differentiation (at a 10-12-hour day and a temperature not higher than 12 ° C).

In addition, plants must undergo a dormant period at temperatures from 0 to +5 ° C for 30 days or more. Plants are planted in multi-line ribbons on ridges 90 cm wide; for a single forcing they can be placed from 22 to 28 pcs/m2.

If plants are used during two growing seasons, the planting pattern should be two- or three-row with a placement density of 9 to 17 pcs/m2. Due to the growth of bushes in three-line tapes, plantings can be thinned out by removing the middle line after harvesting the first harvest.

This creates Better conditions for the remaining plants and it becomes possible to grow seal crops. In combined plantings of strawberries and tomatoes, when growing the first crop, the tomato plants are removed after fruiting for two seasons.

During the growing season, plants are regularly watered with water heated to 35-40°C, maintaining optimal humidity soil 80% of the total field moisture capacity (FMC) during the period of the beginning of forcing and leaf growth, 70% of the FMC - during the period of bud protrusion, 60% of the FMC - during the period of flowering and fruit formation). On poor soils, plants are fed weekly with complex soluble fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium (in the ratio 10:5:20:6); they are added in a concentration of 50 g/l, consuming 10 liters of solution per 1 m2.

To prevent the formation of underdeveloped berries, it is necessary to create normal conditions for pollination of flowers, avoiding supercooling of the air or its strong heating, up to 35-40 ° C. Greenhouses need to be ventilated regularly. Artificial pollination is carried out mechanically or with the involvement of bees.