Pine bonsai is a classic of Japanese garden art. Today, more than a hundred varieties of pine are known, which are more or less suitable for the formation of bonsai, but four of them are especially popular. Today we will tell you how to properly grow a classic pine or fir bonsai.
To grow pine bonsai with your own hands, you will have to be patient. the main task is to do everything possible for the slow growth of the plant, which is achieved by frequent pruning of branches and roots, using special soil, special care methods.
In general, a home bonsai should meet the following characteristics:
- have a powerful and strong trunk, which has a pronounced base, and the roots slightly protrude above the soil surface;
- have a small number of branches, while each should be clearly visible and in harmony with common style trees;
- match one of 15 classic shapes;
- to be like a tree growing under ordinary conditions.
As already mentioned, 4 main types of pine are used to plant bonsai in the garden.
Video "How to form pine bonsai"
From this video you will learn how to form pine bonsai with your own hands.
Japanese black
This variety is used most often, as it has an attractive bark texture, is hardy and does not require nutrient soil. In Japan, growing bonsai from black pine is considered a tribute to tradition. At the same time, in the process of growing, you may encounter a number of difficulties:
- the tree forms excessively long needles (this happens due to improper watering, violation of the feeding regime, or if the location of the pot is incorrectly chosen);
- The biological feature of this plant is its extremely slow growth.
Japanese black pine tolerates the most difficult favorable conditions content, surviving even on poor stony soils.
Japanese white
Such a bonsai will have an unusual appearance: justifying its name, the white Japanese pine is covered with needles. white color. This is a conical tree, which is distinguished by a dense spreading crown.
Mountain
Home care for mountain pine bonsai also does not require a special approach: the culture is unpretentious, tolerates significant temperature changes well, without even changing the color of its needles. Provided that such a bonsai is provided right conditions content, over time it will form a lush crown with a thick needle.
In addition, this variety blooms in a soft purple color. The crown of the plant lends itself to formation in various styles depending on the grower's preference.
ordinary
Bonsai grown from Scots pine is the most affordable and easiest option in our latitudes. In cases where other species require special conditions of detention, ordinary pine will obediently "fulfill" all the requirements of the gardener, taking the desired form. The variety has paired yellow-green needles and red-brown scaly bark.
Planting and growing conditions
As for how to grow a classic pine bonsai, the secret is to limit the growth of the tree's root system as much as possible (such trees grow in small bowls). Thanks to this approach, the ground part of the tree is oppressed and the desired dwarfism of the plant is achieved.
Before planting a seedling, it is recommended to prune the root system, focusing on the main root process. Do not forget that a large stone should be laid at the bottom of the tank, which is covered with earth. After that, the plant itself is already planted.
Care rules
Whether you are growing fir bonsai or any of the pines listed, the plant needs an abundance. sunlight. If you place a container with a tree in a shaded place, you will get too long needles, which is not welcome in the art of bonsai. In addition, due to lack of lighting, the branches of the tree may begin to die off.
Another danger is drafts. Try to protect your plant from them as much as possible.
Watering and feeding
The plant needs moderate but regular watering. It is important that the growing pot contains a sufficient layer of drainage material. Try to keep the soil constantly moist. Feed bonsai with a small amount complex fertilizers and no more than once a month.
reproduction
There are two ways to grow a young bonsai from an adult plant: from seeds sown in the spring, or from cuttings that should be rooted during the summer.
Transfer
It is advisable to transplant pine trees in early spring - before the buds swell. They do this once every 2–3 years, and during the initial planting of a seedling, not earlier than after 4–5 years. When carrying out the procedure, do not try to thoroughly clean the roots of the plant from the remnants of the old soil - on the contrary, it will be better if it remains, since this earth contains a lot of compounds useful for the tree.
Trimming and shaping
Forming pine bonsai is difficult due to the fact that the principle of pruning is not similar to other crops. The point is that the period active growth the plant falls exclusively in the second half of the spring season, unlike other trees.
Another feature is separate growth zones that differ in activity. Thus, the top is the fastest growing zone, the upper side shoots are characterized by medium strength of growth, and the lower ones are weak.
Formation should begin from a young age of the seedling, since an adult tree is almost impossible to bend, forcing it to grow in the direction you need. As a rule, shaping pruning is carried out in autumn to minimize the loss of juices, carefully processing the cuts.
What to do with kidneys
Pine buds grow in small groups. To make your bonsai look the way you want, you can do the following with the buds: remove them from the upper branches (which grow the fastest) and leave them on the lower branches, which are slower to form and grow.
Activities with candles
With the advent of spring, the buds you saved will begin to stretch into candles, the size of which may vary. They can also be pruned to suit the desired crown shape, following the same rule of tree growth zone activity. You should not cut all the candles at once - it is better to stretch the procedure for 2-3 weeks.
Plucking needles
This is one of the mandatory procedures, without which air and sunlight will not be able to penetrate to the inner shoots through the outer needles. In addition, by plucking, you can also control the width and height of the tree's crown.
Manipulation is carried out from the second half of July until the onset of autumn. Both old and young needles are subject to removal. We are guided simple rule: the more needles on a certain branch, the more growth activity it differs. By removing some of the needles, we can redistribute vitality plants in other areas.
Needle trimming
Sometimes it is necessary to shorten the needles to make the tree look harmonious. To do this, they proceed as follows: they allow the tree to freely grow needles during the spring and all summer, and at the end of August they cut off all the needles that have grown during this season.
Of course, the tree will try to actively grow the lost needles, and it will succeed. But the needles will be much shorter, which is what we wanted.
Remember: this method is only good for a fully formed tree, a young seedling can be significantly affected by the procedure.
Now you know how to make pine bonsai with your own hands.
A tree-like plant, 20-25 m high. There are multi-stemmed species. In cultural plantings, it grows slowly, reaching a height of two and a half meters by the age of 25. It has a smooth bark, which, as the plant grows, gradually becomes finely scaly. The crown is pyramidal, loose, expanding with the age of the plant.
Young shoots of a greenish tint, with slight pubescence. Later, the pubescence disappears, the shoot acquires grey colour. The needles are long (3-6 cm), soft and thin, dark green. The needles are collected in bunches of 5 pieces each. At the ends of the shoots, the needles are bent and twisted.
Pine cones are of medium size (3-4 cm), cylindrical shape, "sessile" and resinous. Stay on branches for 6-7 years. The tops of the scales of the cones are rounded, convex, have a slightly pronounced navel. Seeds: lionfish. The birthplace of small-flowered pine is Japan. Cultivated since 1861. The plant is sensitive to moisture deficiency. Some varieties do not tolerate low temperatures well.
Small-flowered pine varieties
There are about fifty varieties of small-flowered pine. Almost all of them grow in Japan. Some varieties are used for growing in pot culture as bonsai. Most varieties of this plant are characterized by early fruiting.
Grade Blauer Engel- differs from the wild form in its modest size and color of the needles. Its height is just over half a meter. The crown is wide and spreading. needles blue color, have a bend. The plant is grown in decorative purposes. In order to form a beautiful crown shape, young shoots are plucked annually.
The variety combines a whole group of pine forms with small and medium height, oval or wide pyramidal crowns and blue curved needles.
- a dwarf among tree forms, which is a tree or shrub, reaching a height of just over a meter by ten years of growth. It has blue needles from 4 to 5 cm long. It is distinguished by good fruiting.
- semi-dwarf. By the age of ten, it grows by two meters. Differs in a wide, up to a meter in diameter, crown. The needles are bluish-blue. Fruits well.
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3) After that, the whole seeds will need to be placed in a damp paper towel. It is also necessary to take into account the climate in the area where the pine will be planted. If, for example, winter lasts about 3 months, then it is best to put them in the refrigerator for this period.
The main disadvantage is that they grow very slowly when compared with other pines, what a mountain pine looks like can be seen below
But for a pine, such a factor as the presence of the sun is very important, since in the shade it will only grow upwards, but at the same time it will not show its beautiful fluffiness at all.
Popular bonsai that can be grown from seeds
Almost all owners of summer cottages and summer cottages plant on their plots different trees, as a rule, these are trees on which edible fruits grow - for example, apple, pear, cherry, plum.
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Where to get seeds
After 2 years, the tree can begin to be pruned to shape its shape. As a result, in 4-5 years you will have a wonderful bonsai.
It consists in selecting a container, disinfecting the soil mixture and stratifying the seeds. It is best to take a clay pot, shallow, but wide, always with drainage holes. We make the soil from two parts of humus and one part of sand. It must be disinfected by holding it over the steam for several minutes. After that, dry and sift.
Store seeds or plant immediately?
After placing the seeds in peat or sandy substrate, care should be taken that the pots or containers do not heat up too much - the warmer, the more favorable the conditions for fungi. Therefore, in sunlight, do not let the landings overheat, provide constant inflow fresh air. At the same time, in no case do not shade the breaking growth, the pine tree needs a lot of light. Optimum temperature soil for active growth - 22-24 degrees, no more. That is, you need to regularly moisten the peat or sandy substrate, at least once a day.
If you have decided to ennoble your site and plant a pine grove on it, take care of the planting material first of all. To do this, you need to go to the nearest forest, where fairly strong trees of the breed you need grow, and notice some of the healthiest among them. Then, starting from mid-September, you need to visit the chosen place from time to time and watch when the cones begin to fall, with the help of which the pine forest reproduces.
In order for the seeds to be ready for planting, they must be properly germinated and treated with drugs, otherwise problems such as seed death due to certain diseases are possible. Before planting, the seeds are placed in water for several days to swell and begin the process of primary germination. It is also possible to germinate seeds in sphagnum moss or in vermiculite. In this case, it is desirable to break the hard shell of the seeds. This process provides best germination. Further, in order to avoid the occurrence of plant diseases, the seeds should be treated with a fungicide, liquid or dry, and the soil must be sterilized.
Seed germination and pretreatment
Bonsai - growing an exact copy of a tree, but only in miniature There are many plants growing in our garden, some of them were even before the formation of the garden - old, perennial trees that simply remained on the site, a young garden produced by our own efforts, as well as many flowers and plants of an industrial plan, berry bushes, root crops and so on. But, despite the abundance of beautiful and useful plants on the site, you always want something new, unusual.
4) After the end of winter, it will be necessary to stretch the cones and plant them in the soil. To do this, they are planted to a depth of about 2 cm and immediately watered.
How to grow bonsai (video)
Planting seeds, soil composition
So, in order to plant a pine tree, you need to dig a hole first, then soak this earth with water, you will need to fill the bottom of the hole with earth from the forest, after that a tree is inserted and the hole around it is completely covered with earth from the site, but it is still better to fill up the roots land from the forest.
But also very often, especially in Lately began to plant on their plots and various coniferous trees. Pine is especially popular among such trees.
Hello everyone, I am starting my new home experiment, this time I will try to germinate and further grow Japanese dwarf bonsai pine. Today I will summarize the first results of this experiment ...
seedling care
Fresh seeds should be taken for planting. To speed up their germination, you can pierce or incise the upper peel, and also place in warm water for 24 hours.
Having mentioned the temperature regime, it will be quite natural to focus your attention on lighting. As already mentioned, Scotch pine needs a lot of bright sunlight. Therefore, containers are best kept on south-facing windows. Shading of sprouts leads to inhibition of their development. However, it should be borne in mind that not just light, but the ultraviolet spectrum plays a key role in photosynthesis, therefore, on a window where natural light is not available all day, the growth of pines will be slower than on open ground.
You may have to follow until November, so take a photo of the selected trees in advance. It is desirable to collect fruits from under several pines. Before choosing trees, familiarize yourself with their species, as there are separate varieties of pine, the seeds of which ripen for about two years. After picking up the cones, make sure that they have not yet crumbled with seeds.
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How to grow a pine tree from seeds - a sequence of actions to the result
Seed preparation - collecting and peeling cones
Bonsai can become such a position in the garden - growing an exact copy of a tree, but only in miniature. Today we will look at how you can grow bonsai from seeds. The path is not easy and long, but it brings the desired result.
5) Then you will need to place the cones on the window. They will have to grow in approximately 5 to 10 days.
Cedar pine.
Pine, like any tree, does not require a special approach.
It is this answer and many others regarding pine that will be answered in this article. How it looks can be seen here.
Stratification - is it really necessary for pine seeds?
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Stage 2 - Landing
It should be noted that artificial lighting in no way replaces natural lighting. In particular, only bright light and heat can be obtained from incandescent lamps, but not ultraviolet. Fluorescent lamps do not even provide heat. There are special fluorescent lamps with a photosynthetic effect, but they are not powerful enough to fully provide the pine sprouts with the necessary lighting. Therefore, it is easier to make a greenhouse in the garden so that the shoots fall from morning to evening Sun rays than installing at home their inefficient imitation that consumes electricity. The fact is that peat is formed from sphagnum swamp moss, which turns under the influence of dampness and in the process of decomposition by bacteria into a kind of compost. This planting substrate, in addition to excellent oxygen saturation, is very rich in various microelements, initially replacing seed fertilizers. Moreover, top peat retains to some extent the antiseptic properties of sphagnum moss and protects pine germs from rot and fungus.
Temperature regime for seed germination
Prepared seeds are planted in spring, late summer or even autumn. Great for landing peat cups or pots pre-filled with a mixture of sand and peat in proportions of 1: 1. You can replace this composition with cactus soil purchased at the store, to which coarse-grained sand should be added. The soil mixture should not fill the container to the brim, it is required to leave about three centimeters to the top. Next, 1 centimeter of prepared, but already sifted soil. Next, the soil needs to be pressed down a little with a piece of wood and lay out the seeds. They are sprinkled with sand on top. The thickness of the last layer should be a maximum of two diameters of the seed to be planted. Press down again with a piece of wood and pour a little water.
So, to start with, you can grow a huge amount of bonsai from seeds, but this will require patience, time and some costs, because some plants can take more than five years. As we said right away, the path is not easy and long enough, and only the most patient gardener will reach the end, who will get the desired result.
What should be the lighting of containers with seedlings?
6) When this period passes, it will be necessary to plant the soil in the ground on the site.
Another pine option that can be easily planted on suburban area. But this tree will be much taller and more voluminous in size than, for example, a mountain pine. It, like the previous one, has been growing for a very long time, but the plus is that it absolutely does not need income for it. Green needles, which, by the way, grows a lot on a tree right up to its very foundation.
Watering and fertilizing the soil in containers with seedlings
The main thing to remember is that once the tree has been planted during the first week, it will need to be watered at least once a day. After the first week, this may not be done.
Pine planting.
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The most favorable periods for planting are spring and late summer. We do this:
Humidification of the substrate in which the seeds are placed should be constant, more precisely, daily. The degree of water hardness when growing pine does not play a special role. At the same time, it does not matter how the hatched seed is immersed in soil or sand, upside down or sideways, it will still develop correctly. Watering is recommended to be moderate so that the oxygen needed by the roots remains in the substrate.
Lowland peat is not suitable for sowing pine, because it is too dense soil, practically not saturated with oxygen, slowly absorbing and also slowly releasing moisture. To distinguish between the top and bottom layers of peat, you first need to pay attention to their color by comparing photos or finished samples, the first is much lighter than the second, it has some redness, while the low layer is closer to brown and dark brown. They also have different degrees of friability, as mentioned earlier, and it’s enough just to knead a lump with your fingers to understand what type of substrate is in front of you.
How to grow bonsai from seeds?
It is also very important to know how to plant a pine tree from seeds. After all, very often they land in this way.
3)
If you decide to plant not one but several pines at once, then you will need to do everything as follows. Each individual tree is planted under the same conditions as in the previous version, subject to the same rules. But the main thing is to correctly calculate the distance between the pines.
Almost every tree can be grown in this way, but you also need to know about the popularity of one or another. So, for example, among the tropical ones, boxwoods, myrtle, abutilon, leptospermum, acacia, wisteria and, of course, ficus are considered the most popular. Broad-leaved trees include beeches, hornbeams, maples, birches, elms, Japanese beeches and pomegranates. Among the conifers are fir, cypress, spruce, cedar and pine.
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Cultivation of Japanese Bonsai pine bonsai from seeds first results
To do this, you need to take a few cones.
Ordinary pine.
This primarily depends on what height the pines will be. If these are ornamental pines up to 2.5 - 3 meters high, then the distance between the pits for planting pines should be approximately 70 - 80 centimeters.
In this case, the main thing to remember is that the best period for planting are months
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Large seeds are laid out one at a time, and small ones are sown.
Such a container is placed in a pan with water, which is then absorbed from below into the soil. In the same way, you can feed plantings with soluble mineral fertilizers. Concerning organic fertilizers, they are categorically contraindicated, since a supersaturation of nitrogen can occur, and there is a risk that the roots will begin to suffocate. It is necessary to stop top dressing in the middle of summer, so that the winter dormant period begins in time. Attention - in a year the growth rises by 10-12 centimeters, which can be seen when taking a photo, you can transplant a pine tree only in the 5th year, when a sufficient amount of needles appears and a stem is formed.
Some tree species, when growing seedlings from seeds, require mandatory sharp cooling, or, in other words, they need stratification. These include linden, ash, mountain ash and even pear. This method of activating the processes of development of planting material is also applied to the seeds of Scots pine.
The soil in the container must be constantly moist, not dry out and not flooded with water.
It is best to collect these cones in the winter, because when the heat comes, the cones tend to bloom and at the same time the seeds fly out. In order to get these seeds, you must first dry the cones well - for this you can, for example, put the cones on a battery or over a gas stove - in a word, in a place where high air temperatures are constantly present.
It can be bought at any store that sells goods for the garden and vegetable garden, but it is also easy enough to grow it yourself.
If these are not ornamental pines, but ordinary loess ones whose height reaches up to 18 - 20 meters, then in this case the distance between them should be no less than 5 meters.
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Sprinkle them on top with a thin layer of soil and tamp it down, pressing it with a spatula.
Bonsai is becoming one of the most popular types indoor plants, therefore, many flower growers strive to master the art of breeding them. There are several ways to do this. We will talk about one of them in this article.
According to some statistics, stratification somewhat accelerates growth by initial stage, during the first year, which can be noted by making a comparison photo of seedlings planted with and without pre-cooling. But at home, such methods of seed preparation are undesirable, since violation temperature regime may eventually lead to decay of the planting material. However, extracted from well-dried room temperature cones, pine seeds are able to sprout even without aging in a cool, humid environment (within 0 degrees).
Bonsai seeds can be found in botanical gardens or even in public parks, where beautiful, and often even unique trees. If you do not have such an opportunity, then you can always buy seeds for growing bonsai at home. This can be done through the network or in stores of live plants on the spot or on order. But do not be too deceived by the beautiful images on the packages of seeds that are sold, because what you buy is only planting material, from which the desired bonsai will be obtained only as a result of special efforts, knowledge and work.
A few days after this, the seeds can be obtained without much difficulty. Ready seeds are best planted in a wooden box that will be filled with drainage. About a month later, the first elements of pine will be visible. The main thing to remember is that in order for the pine from seeds to successfully develop, it will be necessary to create favorable conditions for it - always maintain warmth and do not forget to water it every day.
Cones for its cultivation are best collected in the month of March. In order for the tree to grow better, it is necessary to use phytosporin for prevention during the first year of the plant's life.
How to plant a pine tree in the country so that it grows for a long time
After you know how to properly plant pines, it is also important to know which pine to plant on the site, because not all types of pines will be able to successfully grow and develop in such conditions.
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In addition, you can try to apply the method of soaking in icy melt water to a small batch of seeds, which, like stratification, according to some gardeners, activates accelerated growth and saturates planting material with energy. In general, it is enough to germinate in warm water well-dried seeds to get uniform, friendly shoots. If the stratification for Scotch pine seeds is considered by you as necessary step preparation, you can use the following advice from foresters.
Depending on the type of bonsai, its formation can be carried out at the age of several years. At the moment when the first sprouts from seeds are noticed, it is necessary to ensure the supply of fresh air to the container. This can be achieved by placing a small chip under the glass or by making polyethylene film several small holes. When the first leaves appear, the seedlings can be fully opened.
Enough interest Ask, since the pines are intended primarily for planting in the summer. Pine planting in autumn. So, in order to plant a pine in the fall, you must first prepare a place for planting so that the earth has time to settle.
Of course, besides the fact that you can buy a tree, you can also grow a pine tree yourself - this is of course more difficult, but nevertheless interesting and exciting. How to plant a pine cone - will be described below. Planting a pine cone.
Most the best views pines for planting on the site are as follows:
Pine care
In order to plant a pine tree, you do not need to choose a very large tree, because the smaller your tree is, the more likely it is that it will land well and grow well.
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How to plant pine trees in the country if there is not one pine tree, but several of them
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For this purpose, you can use the same planting material as for conventional breeding. It is recommended to create bonsai from maple or pine seeds, but you can also take juniper, birch, apple trees and others. The main condition for selection is compatibility with the local climate. For indoor bonsai, ficuses, wisteria, and albizia are most often used.
When the cones are fully opened, the seeds are soaked in gauze for 3 days. To hatch them, you need to keep the planting material in a humid environment for about 10 days, so a shortened period will simply reduce the dormant period.
At the age of one to three months, it is necessary to carry out the formation of seedlings. The taproot is cut off (when picking), by about 2/3. There is a possibility that the seedling will have to be re-rooted. In this case, you will need to use a drug that stimulates root formation, such as a special hormone.
Seeds for growing bonsai can be found in botanical gardens or even in public parks. Seeds of various plants can differ from each other not only in appearance and weight, but also by the type of seed box. In addition, for each individual variety, there is a specific sowing method that will allow the seeds to germinate correctly. A hole will need to be dug approximately 2 times larger than the size of the seedling itself. Drainage will need to be installed at the bottom of the pit. The pit will need to be well watered. Planting a pine from a cone occurs in several of the following steps:
Then it will be necessary to dig around the tree - put your hand under it and feel for the root. This is done in order not to cut it. As soon as the amount necessary for the purchase is collected, I will order interesting gadgets from China and share them with you. As soon as it is recruited on the channel, every 500 subscribers I will hold a contest with small (if possible) gifts. (Be sure to include your real name or YouTube nickname so I can thank you) Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/alexeyprizrak
For the Japanese, growing bonsai is a whole philosophy that combines the spiritual and physical side of the process. To an ordinary person to achieve success, it is necessary to treat this matter with love and patience. You need to have some knowledge about how to make pine bonsai. It takes a lot of time and effort to grow bonsai on your own. As a result amazing plant will give joy and beauty for many years.
Traditional bonsai must meet the following characteristics:
- Trunk. It should be powerful and strong, with a pronounced base and protruding roots.
- Branches. There are few branches, their lines should be harmonious and clearly visible. The trunk and branches of bonsai give the tree that very unique bizarre image.
- Form. The Japanese bonsai pine must meet one of 15 classifications. To help a novice or experienced gardener, drawings, diagrams, photographs or your own fantasies and wishes.
- Pine in miniature should look like a tree growing in natural conditions.
The main task when creating a bonsai is to achieve a slow growth of the plant. This is achieved in several ways: frequent pruning of tree roots and shoots, artificial restraint of growth, the use of special types of soil, in special ways caring for and watering trees.
How to grow pine bonsai outdoors
IN landscape design bonsai pine takes pride of place. Its obvious advantages are original form, unpretentiousness to growing conditions, resistance to low temperatures, high level adaptation.
Observing certain conditions, you can grow this miracle tree right in the ground:
A real bonsai is a visually old tree. The effect of aging is achieved by artificially bending and landing branches with the help of weights and wire. For the impression of a long-growing pine tree, the bark is specially cut in several places with a knife edge.
Formation of bonsai from Scots pine
Scotch pine can be an excellent basis for self-growing bonsai. Conifers differ from deciduous trees in two stages of growth per year, which should be considered when creating pine as a bonsai. The first wave of growth occurs in late spring and is expressed in the lengthening of the branches. The second wave occurs at the end of August and is characterized by thickening of the branches.
In a few years, you can grow a bonsai from Scotch pine with your own hands in a pot:
Scotch pine bonsai should have a strong and developed surface root structure (nebari). Root growth is achieved by several growing seasons, as a result, the tree should firmly and confidently hold on to the ground.
If you plant young trees from pots in open ground, then you can get garden bonsai from Scotch pine. This is done in the fifth or sixth year of the plant's life. The advantages of growing in the garden are the rapid growth of the power of the trunk and the sufficient height of the tree. Before transplanting, the crown and trunk of the bonsai must be fully formed, that is, its proportions by this moment already fully correspond to the desired ones.
The formation of pine bonsai is a balance between the creation of nature and man. In order not to disturb the harmony, several bonsai can be planted in the garden from different types trees, surrounding them with objects and plants similar in style and mood. The transformation of an ordinary tree into a beautiful dwarf counterpart is a fascinating and interesting activity. Bonsai pine will become a real decoration of the garden with individual outlines and lines inherent only to it.
Video about planting pine bonsai
or Cedar elfin- Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel
Distributed throughout Eastern Siberia and Far East, in Northeast China, Korea, Japan. It grows on dune sands, mountain slopes, in swamps in the moss tundra. It grows in the south at an altitude of 1600-2000 m, forming a strip of Siberian dwarf pine at the upper forest boundary (on Sakhalin 700-1000 m), to the north the distribution height decreases. In Kamchatka, it occurs almost from sea level. Forms large, impenetrable thickets on mountain slopes, scree, sands. The branches lie under the snow for the winter, straighten out in the spring. Grows on rocky and poor soils. Protected in nature reserves.
Pinus pumila "Glauca"
Photo Vinyarsky Dmitry
Plant of wide ecological amplitude. For your original look received many names: “lying forest”, “northern cedar”, “northern jungle”, etc. The conditions of its growth contributed to the emergence of creeping forests from dwarf pine.
These are small trees (no more than 5 m tall) intertwined with crowns, pressed to the ground (creeping and creeping along it) and form impenetrable thickets. Palmate branches, covered with bunches of needles, only tops stretch upwards. Young shoots are greenish, in the second year of life they are gray-brown, short, with reddish pubescence. The needles are 5 pieces in a bunch, up to 10 cm long, bluish-green, thin, curved, functioning for 2-3 years. Male spikelets are intense red, decorative. Cones are red-violet, turning brown as they mature, 3-6 cm long, ovoid or rounded, collected at the ends of branches, fall off without opening, along with seeds. Cones ripen in the second year. Seeds are oval, up to 0.9 cm, dark brown, with a thin skin.
It was introduced into culture around 1807, it has been known in St. Petersburg since 1833. According to V. I. Lipsky and K. K. Meissner (1915), it was introduced into culture by the VIN Botanical Garden, where it is currently grown. There is also in the collections of the Arboretum of the Forestry Academy and the scientific experimental station "Otradnoye".
In GBS since 1952, 2 samples (26 copies) were obtained from Primorye and the Lipetsk LSOS. Tree, at 36 years old, height 4.4 m, crown diameter 260 cm. Vegetation from 18.IV ±11. It grows slowly, annual growth is 3-5 cm. Winter hardiness is high. In the landscaping of Moscow is absent.
 Pinus pumila Photo by Vyacheslav Radyushkin |
 Pinus pumila Photo by Konstantin Korzhavin |
 Pinus pumila Photo by Vyacheslav Radyushkin |
Winter-hardy. Grows slowly. Photophilous, does not tolerate dry air. Cedar elfin is undemanding to soils, grows well even on the poorest, stony, sandy ones. Does not require special care, not subject to serious diseases and pests. It is extremely rare in culture, although it is valuable ornamental plant especially for northern regions.
Propagated by seeds and grafting onto other types of pines. The survival rate of grafting forms and varieties is very low. Species plants can be grown from seeds. But, unfortunately, even on a natural specimen, they ripen once every 20-30 years, and only if it grows on open space. Before sowing, the seeds need artificial stratification for six months at 2-5 °C. Sowing before winter is also possible, but mice can eat nuts. The photo on the right is a 3-month-old seedling. Dwarf often forms adventitious roots on branches in contact with the ground - layering. Ask if your friends have an adult elfin in the garden.
Pinus pumila "Chlorocarpa"
Photo Vinyarsky Dmitry
It is used in single and group planting in parks and forest parks, for decorating rock gardens. This plant will fit into a variety of compositions and parts of the garden: undergrowth under pines, larches, oaks, an element of tree groups or, for example, a tapeworm planted among large gray stones on dumps. Cedar dwarf reinforce slopes and slopes. And they even grow it in containers (most of the rest of the conifers in this case will simply freeze). So, it is perfect for decorating rooftop gardens.
Most Popular garden form with bluish needles.
"Glauka", Sizaya ("Glauca"). selective form. Shrub 1-1.5 m high, rarely up to 3 m. Crown diameter about 3 m. Shoots are powerful, curved and ascending. The needles are gray-blue, more intensely colored than the type. It grows slowly, with an annual growth of 3 cm. The main charm of this form is in the dense pubescence of the branches with five-coniferous bunches of long (up to 8 cm) sharp, curved silver-blue needles that do not fall off for three to four years. Young red-violet cones are an additional decoration of this luxurious pine; by the ripening period, ovoid, up to 5 cm long, the cones become shiny, light brown. Winter-hardy. Photophilous. Does not tolerate stagnant water. Introduced into culture in 1943 in Boskop. Propagated by seeds, cuttings (14%). Suitable for group plantings in gardens. for growing in containers. Used for landscaping parterre lawns, rock gardens. In the BIN Botanical Garden since 1998, obtained from nature, from the slopes of the Golovnin volcano on Kunashir Island. Should be grown in lime-free soil.
It is impossible to describe in detail all the varieties of Siberian dwarf pine used in Europe, we will briefly report on some of the unusually colored needles:
"Chlorocarpa" The size is close to normal, the needles are gray-green, and the young cones are yellow-green. Not particularly attractive, but conifer collectors will be interested.
Pinus pumila "Draijer's Dwarf"
Photograph by Kirill Tkachenko
"Draijers Dwarf"- a compact wide plant with a funnel-shaped crown and a slow growth rate (5-6 cm per year). Needles 3 cm long loosely arranged, especially blue. Until 1950, it was selected by G. Hesse and distributed by den Ouden and son in Boskop as R. pumila var. nana, since 1954 received the last name.
"Dwarf Blue"- wide pine with shoots, fluffy due to pointed, radially arranged bunches of white-bluish needles 3-4 cm long;
Globe- Fast-growing shape compared to the species, rounded, up to 2 m high and wide, very dense. Needles 5-7 cm long, thin, beautiful, bluish-green (= R. cembra "Globe"; den Ouden and Boom). The old tree was selected in the arboretum of Gimborn, Doorn; introduced into culture in 1965 by Dreyer, Heemstede.
"Jeddeloh". The form is flat, wide, wide-spreading with a nest-visibly deepened middle; branches from the outside rise obliquely; annual growth is 7-10 cm; shoots densely covered with needles. The needles are pressed against the shoot, straight, arcuately bent inward at the end, 3-5 cm long, fresh green, the inner sides are bluish-white. Apical cones cylindrical, 10-12 mm long, grey-brown, without resin; scales are pressed. Selection Yeddeloh, very tenacious and healthy specimens.
"Jermyns". The dwarf form, especially slow growing, very compressed and pin-shaped, differs in appearance from other forms. Introduced into culture in 1965 by Hillier and Son, Winchester.
"Nana"- a shrub with a denser crown than the main species. Male flowers of a shade of red wine. The needles are twisted, bright gray-green. Previously it was considered a form of European cedar pine (Pinus cembra), now it is assigned to Siberian cedar pine, and the name of the form "Nana", despite the absence of dwarfism, has remained.
"Saentis"- the shape of the crown of this cultivar resembles a miniature pine tree, standing out from other representatives of the species with its vertical structure (the most vertical of the dwarf trees).
"Saphir". The form is weakly and unevenly growing. The needles are short, beautiful blue. Dryer selection, 1970
