A stationary circular saw is a machine that should be in the workshop of every craftsman who works with wood. With its help, you can quickly and effortlessly saw a board, cut a workpiece of the required size, or cut firewood.
A home craftsman simply must acquire such a machine. You don't have to buy it homemade circular is guaranteed to cope with the volume of work in a home workshop, while costing a significantly lower amount.
Circular saw device
Being really useful tool, the circular has enough simple design. Its main components:
- bed – frame on which the main units are mounted;
- tabletop with a slot for a disk;
- engine with rotation transmission system;
- cutting tool, disc with teeth.
Optionally, the device can be supplemented with a pusher, which ensures progressive movement of the workpiece towards the disk, and various lifting mechanisms that regulate the cutting depth.
The principle of operation of a circular saw (circular saw) is that the rotation of the electric motor shaft is transmitted to the cutting tool, a disk with sharply sharpened teeth. The center of the disk is located below the level of the tabletop, only a segment of it is removed from it. The workpiece is brought to the rotating disk, the teeth bite into the wood, creating even cut.
A simple circular saw from a grinder or circular saw
An angle grinder (grinder) is one of the most popular tools home handyman, with its help it is easy to cut metal and clean welds. In addition, using instead of the standard abrasive disc a disk for wood, a grinder can be turned into a hand-held circular saw (it is also called a parquet saw), and by making a frame with a table - into a stationary circular saw.
Required accessories
To work you will need:
- multilayer plywood with a thickness of 10 mm or more;
- switch and wire;
- countersunk head bolts;
- screws;
- wooden block 40x40 mm.
You also need to prepare a drill or screwdriver, hammer, screwdriver, pliers, ruler and pencil. Using these tools you will have to make a circular saw with your own hands.
Of course, you must not forget the grinder itself or the hand-held circular saw. At the first stage, it will help to cut the material, and then it will take its place as the working body of the circular saw.
Sequencing
The first step is to make the body of the circular. Thick plywood is perfect for this; you can use any pressed wood boards. You will need to cut four rectangular sheets, size 40 x 80 cm. They are used to assemble a box with a square 80 x 80 cm at the base. For ease of assembly and reliability of the structure, four bars are installed in the corners.
The resulting box is closed on top with a tabletop. It can be made from the same plywood, but it is better to use some kind sheet material with laminated coating. This guarantees the durability of the machine and ensures ease of use of the homemade circular saw.
A cut is made in the tabletop to allow the disk to come out, and holes are drilled on the sides for attaching the tool.
The grinder must be securely fixed under the tabletop. The design of the latch can be very diverse, it all depends on the configuration of the machine itself. The main requirement for fastening is that it must securely hold the angle grinder without allowing it to move.
The simplest fastening may look like this: two metal squares, a grinder is fixed between them with a steel clamp.
Two holes are drilled in the upper shelves of the angles holding the angle grinder. The structure is secured from below to the tabletop using countersunk bolts. All that remains is to block the power button and connect the angle grinder via an external switch.
In the same way, you can make your own circular from circular saw. In this case, the work is noticeably simplified due to the fact that there is no need to invent a fastening. It is enough to make a cutout for the disk, drill holes along the holes of the plate with a hand-held circular saw.
Miniature machine made from a washing machine engine
The circular is distinguished by its extreme simplicity and availability of materials for its manufacture. Perhaps its only expensive part is the electric motor. Stationary machines are equipped with a powerful asynchronous motor, which ensures cutting of thick wood of any species, but in a home workshop you can limit yourself to less power.
Note! To cut boards of medium thickness, it is enough to make it yourself circular table motor driven washing machine.
This design has a number of advantages. An engine from an old washing machine is inexpensive; moreover, a similar unit can probably be found in a home craftsman’s household. Connecting this motor is not particularly difficult; there is no need to look for circuit diagrams or do soldering. With all this, the power of such a unit is quite sufficient for most types of work.
The machine diagram can be simplified as much as possible by eliminating the belt drive. In this embodiment, the cutting tool will be mounted directly on the motor shaft. The base of the desktop mini-machine will be a frame assembled from a block with a cross-section of 40 x 40 mm. If desired, it can be welded from a corner or profile pipe.
Part of the body of an old TV, coated chipboard, is ideal as a stand (tabletop) for a circular table. As practice shows, this part is quite durable, and thanks to the varnish coating, it does not prevent the workpiece from sliding.
Using a jigsaw, two parallel cuts are made in the tabletop perpendicular to the cutout for the disk. A movable square will slide along them, playing the role of a side stop. It will help you make an even cut, if necessary, at a given angle.
Stationary machine
Those who plan to get serious about woodworking should think about making a full-fledged stationary circular saw. This must be a separate unit installed on a workbench, equipped powerful engine, with the ability to quickly replace the disk. Making such a circular with your own hands will take time, but it will definitely pay for itself.
Despite the apparent simplicity of this device, before starting work, it is worth creating a drawing of the machine. This will allow you to clearly see the future unit and choose its optimal configuration.
bed
The basis of any machine is the bed, the frame on which all the main parts are mounted. The frame of the circular saw must be stable and reliable, which is why it is made of metal. It is preferable to use profile pipe or a thick-walled square. Welding is used to connect parts. If a collapsible structure is planned, a bolted connection is suitable.
Buy suitable material It won’t be difficult; in any specialized metal store you can pick up both pipes and an angle. Those who want to save money can be advised to contact scrap metal buyers. You can buy the same thing from them, only cheaper.
Tabletop
The best material for making countertops professional circular paper is metal. Steel and aluminum-based alloys are excellent. For budget option you can limit yourself to thick multi-layer plywood covered with sheet iron. In any case, the surface of the tabletop must be smooth, resistant to friction and not bend under a weight of up to 50 kg.
A groove is made in the tabletop for the disk. It can be done in two ways. You can make a cut in a single sheet, or you can assemble a tabletop from two halves. The second method is preferable for a metal tabletop, which is difficult to cut into at home.
If desired, you can make a sawing machine for work outside the workshop; for this it is enough to provide the possibility of installation gasoline engine low power, it can be removable.
Rotation transmission
The optimal drive for a circular saw is a V-belt drive. Two pulleys are used, one on the engine and one on the drive shaft. It's convenient and safe. There is no direct connection between the motor rotor and the disk; if the tool jams, the belt will begin to slip, signaling the need to turn off the power. In addition, using pulleys with several grooves of different diameters, you can adjust the speed of the saw by choosing optimal mode for various woods.
Rotation from the motor rotor is transmitted to the shaft. This is one of the most important parts of the circular. It is unlikely that you will be able to make a shaft yourself; it is better to buy a ready-made one or order it from a turner.
The shaft is mounted on bearings. They should be closed type: a circular saw is a sawing place and open ones will not last long.
Machine with pendulum engine suspension
Those who can boast of the ability to work with metal can be advised to make a circular saw with a pendulum engine suspension. The main feature of the device is that the motor, shaft and cutting disc installed in one common frame. On one side it is hinged to the frame, the second is held in place by a screw with the ability to adjust the height. By changing the length of the screw, you can adjust the height of the disk exiting the tabletop.
This system allows you to adjust the cutting height, as well as use discs of different diameters. If, instead of an adjusting screw, you use a probe placed on the tabletop, you can get a simple copying machine. The feeler gauge will allow you to adjust the cutting depth according to a certain pattern. This fairly simple modification will turn a simple circular saw into a real woodworking machine. With this device you can not only cut the board into the necessary pieces, but also make precise cuts and make various selections.
Contents:
Circular-type machines belong to the class of specialized processing mechanisms, without which no well-equipped home workshop can do.
This example of woodworking equipment is especially relevant in conditions country house and dacha farming.
When assessing the possibilities of purchasing ready-made equipment, you will encounter a number of problems associated with the inconvenience of handling cheap stand-alone circular saws and the prohibitive cost of professional processing equipment.
The only correct approach to solving this problem is to make a circular saw with your own hands, using materials and equipment that are commercially available.
Note! In order to save money in small-sized machine models as cutting tool Most often, a stand-alone circular saw is used, which is rigidly mounted on the bed.
By using homemade machine you will be able to saw boards, plan slabs, and also make bars of the desired section.
If desired, you can significantly expand the functionality of your product by providing it with the ability to process wood using an electric planer.
Design requirements
Before starting work, it will be necessary to prepare a small sketch, which should indicate not only the location of all structural elements future machine, but also their main dimensions. When drawing such a sketch, you should take into account that your circular saw may consist of the following functional units:
- bed, which serves as the basis of the entire product;
- tabletops with an industrial prototype of a hand-held circular saw installed on it;
- remote control panel for turning on and off the actuator (circular saw).
Small-sized tabletop circular saw
The specified composition of the machine is typical for small-sized products on a wooden frame. For capital equipment manufactured on the basis metal profiles(corners) its diagram has a slightly different appearance. Such a product must include the following elements:
- a base made of steel frames and brackets on which a shaft with a drive pulley is mounted in bearing pairs;
- a table top with slots for the processing blade, installed on top of a metal frame and rigidly fixed to it;
- a set of special drive electrical equipment located in the lower part of the frame and providing the required functionality of the device (it includes an electric motor, a starting device and a transformer-converter).
The main requirement for any type of frame is to ensure maximum reliability and stability of the structure. As options for the machine base, we will consider both frames made of metal profiles (corners) and load-bearing structures made of wood.
When familiarizing yourself with the requirements for the electrical equipment of a homemade machine, first of all, you should determine the drive power of the cutting tool (or autonomous saw), which for living conditions should not exceed 850 watts.
Stationary circular saw
In addition, before preparing a sketch of the future product, the following should be taken into account: specifications equipment used, such as:
- The depth of cut, which specifies the permissible thickness of wood pieces to be processed on your machine. This figure for industrial samples of woodworking equipment ranges from 5 to 8 cm, which is quite enough for cutting standard boards and thick plywood.
Additional information: In the event that you need to process wood blanks of greater thickness, it is necessary to provide a special lifting mechanism, allowing you to change the position of the disk in height.
- Before manufacturing a capital machine with a separate drive, the operating speed of the electric motor rotor should be taken into account. The choice of this parameter is determined by the lumber processing modes with which you will most often have to deal. For simple cutting of wood pieces, this figure can be relatively low, but to obtain a perfectly smooth (“clean”) cut you will need a higher rotation speed.
Important! The optimal speed for homemade cutting machines is considered to be a rotation speed not exceeding 4500 rpm. At low engine speeds, the frame can be made on the basis of a reinforced wooden frame, massive enough to prevent vibrations of the mechanism.
- When drawing up a sketch, ergonomic requirements should also be taken into account, implying ease of control of the operation of the equipment, as well as safe handling. They relate to the order of the buttons on the operating panel, restricting access to the cutting blade, as well as the electrical protection of the drive or individual elements management.
After all possible requirements for the future machine have been taken into account, you can begin to assemble it directly.
Bed based on metal profiles (corners)
It is most convenient to make the upper part of the metal frame in the form of a rectangular frame 600 by 400 mm, welded from 25 mm corners. Pipe blanks 220 mm long are welded to the four corners of this structure (recommended pipe diameter is 17-20 mm).
The bed must ensure rigidity of the machine structure
Two longitudinal angles are fixed to the frame using bolts, used to secure the shaft in the bearing race.
The distance between the angles is determined based on the length of the shaft, and the bearings used for installation are secured to them with special clamps.
In order to give it greater stability, the lower part of the frame frame is made (welded) from 40 mm metal corners.
A closed type bearing is used to secure the working shaft.
Two jumpers made of the same material are welded across the frame, used to secure the electric motor. There is also a metal platform intended for mounting launch equipment.
Bearings are attached to the frame using special clamps
At the corners of the resulting structure, pipe blanks are welded with a length corresponding to the size of the pipes on the upper frame, but slightly larger diameter(23-25mm).
Closer to their edge, special clamps (wings) are made, used to clamp the lifting pipes of the upper frame, which are moved when the drive belt is tensioned.
The procedure for assembling the mechanical part of such a machine includes the following operations:
- first, bearings No. 202 are taken and driven forcefully onto the working shaft;
- after this, a pulley, previously machined to lathe and having an internal diameter of the stream of 50 mm;
- then at the end of the shaft a thread is cut for the bolt used to clamp the cutting tool (for more reliable fixation, paronite and metal washers can be placed under the bolt);
- upon completion of this part of the work, we proceed to installing a drive manufactured on the basis of a three-phase asynchronous motor power 1.5 kW, (1500 rpm). A pulley having inner size stream approximately 80mm;
- at the next stage of assembling the frame, the two finished halves of the frame are connected together (in this case, pipes of a smaller diameter are inserted into larger ones);
- At the end of the work, the belt is tensioned on the shaft, and then the structure is fixed in this position using special “wing” clamps.
Machine on a wooden frame
The simplest and affordable way manufacturing a bed for a machine involves using it for these purposes regular boards or thick plywood. IN this option design, the executive unit is placed directly under the table (tabletop), in which a slot of appropriate dimensions is made for the cutting blade.
The wooden frame is reliable and easy to manufacture
As an example, we will consider the option of manufacturing a frame with a height of approximately 110 - 120 cm, intended for attaching a hand-held circular saw to it. The length of a tabletop of this design can be changed within small limits at your discretion.
Note! The height of the structure can be adjusted if desired, taking into account the height of the person working on the machine. And if it is necessary to process very long boards on it, the dimensions of the tabletop can be increased to the required size. In this case, you will have to worry about installing additional support legs.
The most convenient material for making countertops is multilayer plywood thickness of at least 50 mm. However, other materials can be selected for these purposes (plexiglass or fiberglass slabs, for example). As for such a common material as chipboard, its use in this case is undesirable, as it does not provide sufficient surface strength.
To make a machine on a wooden base, you will need the following materials:
- sheet metal preparation;
- standard sheet of thick plywood;
- a pair of beams with a cross section of 50×50 mm;
- thick boards with a standard size of 50 x 100 mm;
- steel corner required to increase the rigidity of the guides;
- a circular saw;
- two clamps.
In addition, you will have to stock up on the following set of tools, without which assembly of the machine is simply impossible:
- classic screwdriver and electric drill;
- a simple wood hacksaw or jigsaw;
- measuring instruments (square, tape measure, ruler);
- portable milling cutter for wood processing.
If you don’t have such a milling machine, you can use the help of friends or neighbors who have a milling machine on their farm.
Additional Information: Some home craftsmen prefer to make countertops from used kitchen tables. However, such a design will not be durable, since the source material was used for a long time in a damp room. That's why it would be wiser to manufacture all structural elements from new blanks, which at the same time will allow you to take into account your personal tastes and preferences.
Making a countertop
Work on the manufacture of this part of the equipment is carried out in the following sequence:
We start by marking a piece of plywood so that its edges are flush with the edges of the prepared sheet of iron. After marking, using a hacksaw or electric jigsaw, you can cut the plywood blank to the required size. If desired, you can process its edges using a cutter, although this is not at all necessary (the main requirement for this element is its reliability, not attractiveness).
Upon completion of these operations, the surface of the tabletop is carefully processed (rubbed) emery cloth medium grit.
Then, on its lower part, the location of the slot for the saw blade is preliminarily marked. To do this, it is necessary to determine the dimensions of the sole of the circular saw prepared for installation. To make measurements easier, the blade is simply removed from the saw, after which you can easily determine the dimensions of the seat.
For ease of marking the tabletop, the saw blade is removed
Upon completion of its preparation, you should take a circular saw and try it on at the installation site. If necessary, the position of its attachment points is adjusted (at the same time, the contours of the slot for the saw blade are specified).
The finished plywood table top is covered with a steel sheet attached to it using self-tapping screws. Subsequently, it will be possible to apply special markings to the working surface, allowing the position of the wood piece to be adjusted during its processing.
Frame assembly
Both transverse and longitudinal frame beams, used as stiffening ribs, are also mounted on the lower plane of the tabletop. A total of four such strips will be required:
Two transverse lintels that do not reach the edge of the tabletop by 7-9 cm on each side.
Two longitudinal bars, the size of which corresponds to the same condition (they should not reach the edges of the tabletop by about 7-9 cm).
Taking into account these restrictions, it is necessary to mark the fixation points of the longitudinal bars and crossbars, at which the latter will be attached to the tabletop using self-tapping screws of a suitable size.
When marking points, the outermost one is selected at a distance of approximately 40-50 mm from the edge of the block (in this case, the step between them should be about 23-25 cm).
Before final assembly frame in all component parts(bars and table top) are drilled through holes under self-tapping screws. WITH front side fastening elements are installed in such a way that their caps are completely hidden in the material.
To increase the strength of the future frame base, the bars adjacent to the tabletop are pre-coated with wood glue.
After assembly, the structure is temporarily fixed using clamps, which can be removed after the glue has dried.
Attaching the support legs
The table legs are made from bars of a suitable cross-section (most often the same 50x50 mm blanks are used for these purposes). The height of the supports is selected for a specific person, i.e. individually.
This should take into account the fact that it is more convenient to work on a circular saw when the tabletop is at hip level. Before their final installation, the shape of the legs is modified so that they taper towards the supporting part (the area of contact with the frame base must exceed the area of support on the floor).
To increase the rigidity and stability of the structure, steel corners can be used, which are pressed in such a way as to provide additional “strut” for the base. To secure them, special bolts with washers are used, installed with their heads facing outward.
Electrical diagram
In the capital version of the circular saw design, an autonomous drive is used, which includes an asynchronous electric motor, the windings of which are connected to the electrical network according to a triangle diagram.
Wiring diagram for an asynchronous motor of a circular machine
To control the operation and ensure automatic starting of the electric motor, the circuit provides a magnetic starter built on the basis of an electronic switch (triac) and a current transformer.
To build a machine control circuit using wooden frame(an option involving the use of a hand-held circular saw) it will be enough to duplicate the on and off buttons of the mechanism, bringing them out and securing them to one of the legs of the tabletop
You will learn more about connecting the electric motor of the machine from the video.
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For any home craftsman, having your own stationary sawing machine is time saving and work safety.
You can buy a ready-made stationary circular saw. The cost of small machines starts from 9,000 rubles; more or less decent stationary saws are sold in the price range from 30 to 100 thousand.
Despite the apparent complexity of the design, any craftsman with basic plumbing skills can make a homemade circular saw. Moreover, during the design process it is possible to add functions not provided by the manufacturer.
What is a circular saw for?
Before starting work, it is necessary to determine the main tasks of the sawing machine. If you just need to cut firewood for the winter, or do basic carpentry work like making a fence, it’s enough strong table with a slot for a saw blade. These options are popular in rural areas.
Circular for working with logs
Of course, there can be no question of any safety or functionality when using such a device.
Some of these “models” have a shaft for securing the knives of a plane or jointer. As a rule, a frame is welded from a corner or channel, an electric motor from discarded factory ventilation is mounted on it, and with the help of a pulley the torque is transmitted to the disk. It makes no sense to describe in detail the manufacturing technology of such a machine.
It's another matter if you want to do carpentry work. In this case it is necessary coordinate table with guides that are fixed at different angles.
Because on such stationary saw You can work with small workpieces - you need to take care of the safety of the operator. It is advisable to provide adjustment of the rotation speed and the ability to easily change disks with different diameters.
Be sure to install above the disk protective cover, and close the rotating parts of the drive with covers. The starting device is equipped with an emergency switch, and the “stop” button is located in an accessible place and is large in size.
You won't miss in an accident
How to make a circular, maintaining a balance between economy, functionality and safety
Let's look at the main components that make up a home circular saw. You can make them yourself, but only if you have certain skills and tools.
The frame can be made from a metal angle (channel) purchased from scrap metal collectors. If you have the means, contact a metal warehouse. Legs can be made from old ones water pipes, connecting them with corners.
A good option homemade bed from rolled metal
IMPORTANT! The use of bolted connections is prohibited, as vibration will cause the fastening to come loose.
Electric welding must be used. Be sure to strengthen corner connections mowing. The upper part of the frame (on which the table will rest) and the podium for the electric motor are made from a corner with a side of at least 50 mm.
If the machine is equipped with wheels for movement, they must have steel rims and have locks. The higher the weight of the frame, the more stable the machine will be, and the safer the work will be.
What to make a table for a circular saw from?
Working surface made of steel, duralumin or silumin sheet. It is permissible to use textolite, plexiglass or moisture-resistant plywood. Galvanized sheet metal is placed on top of the plywood.
The main condition is that the material should not crack from vibrations., have smooth surface and avoid bending under a weight of at least 50 kg. If the tabletop cracks or warps, the circular disk will jam.
Universal homemade table for a circular saw and router. I recommend watching this video
This will lead to injury and damage to the workpiece. The use of popular materials OSB and chipboard is undesirable. These materials are unstable to vibrations and can collapse at the most crucial moment.
There are two options for making a working groove for a circular disk:
- You can cut a groove.
- or place two halves of the tabletop at a distance from each other.
The main component of a home carpentry workshop is the circular saw. It is intended for primary processing of materials manually or automatically. Due to the high cost of factory equipment, craftsmen most often come to the conclusion that it is best to make this machine with their own hands.
Requirements for household circular machines
Structurally, it should not differ from the factory models. They consist of a support table, in the center of which there is a slot for saw blade. In addition, the design contains measuring components, elements for fixing the workpiece and ensuring operational safety.
Before manufacturing, you must familiarize yourself with the basic requirements for its components. It is important that they fit each other not only structurally, but also in technical parameters. To do this, you can take a diagram of a typical design of a factory woodworking machine.
Complete set of woodworking sawing equipment:
- table. Should have sufficient stability, the surface of the tabletop should be perfectly flat;
- power point. The main parameters of the electric motor for rotating the disk are power and number of revolutions;
- additional components. These include stops for fixing a wooden workpiece and rulers for measuring.
Advantage homemade models is the ability to choose its dimensions, performance and other technical parameters. In the process of drawing up a manufacturing scheme, you can select optimal height table, tabletop dimensions, electric motor characteristics. Doesn't have this hand tool for woodworking.
The requirements for woodworking discs directly depend on the parameters of the workpiece, the type of wood and the required productivity speed. This is calculated on an individual basis.
Materials for making a circular saw
After drawing up the optimal drawing for the manufacture of stationary equipment with your own hands, you need to select Consumables. To do this, you can purchase rolled metal or use existing components.
The main problem is the choice of power unit. Some recommend installing factory model hand circular saw. However, they often do not have the necessary power to process large volumes of wood. In addition, the limitation on disk diameter will reduce the functionality of the equipment. Therefore, it is best to choose drawings in which there are two separate blocks - an electric motor and a shaft for attaching the disk.
Compound load-bearing elements desktop is done using DIY welding. Mechanical components will not provide adequate reliability, since backlash will form due to constant vibration.
- table. For the legs you can use steel corners 30*30 or 40*40 mm;
- tabletop. It is made of dense chipboard, although experts believe the best option use of steel sheet. In this case, a lattice structure is made at the top of the table;
- electric motor You can use any household model asynchronous power plant 220 V, the power of which does not exceed 1.5 kW, and maximum amount speed is 2400 rpm;
- a system of pulleys for transmitting torque on a shaft with a disk. It is best to use factory pulleys. A tension system must be provided.
To fix the workpiece along its length, it is necessary to provide a support bar. It should move relative to the plane of the disk, thereby adjusting the width of the board being processed with your own hands.
Before welding, all steel workpieces must be free of rust. Painting is carried out only after the final production of the saw machine with your own hands.
Assembling a homemade circular saw
After preparing the components, you can begin assembling the wood structure. Drawings are drawn up in advance, which indicate all the parameters of the elements: dimensions, welding locations, areas of mandatory processing.
First, you assemble the frame of the saw machine with your own hands. It is necessary to provide places for mounting the shaft with the disk and the electric motor. The pulleys should be located on the outer part. This is necessary for periodic tensioning of transmission belts and prompt repairs.
According to the diagram, a slot is made in the center of the tabletop through which the disk will pass. The edges of the material must be processed, but the tabletop must be smooth. The plane of the disk must be strictly perpendicular to the surface of the table. Recommended slot sizes: width - up to 5 cm; length - up to 400 mm.
The electric motor control unit is located in front of the cutting area. This will help prevent chips from getting into electrical components.
To view a manufacturing example circular saw It is recommended to watch the video material with your own hands:
