The layout of a house or apartment on two floors is always more attractive than one-story projects. It is more comfortable to live in such a house, since it has more space and the presence of a staircase to the second floor makes its project more interesting. Although the last point largely depends on the design of the apartment and the type of stairs chosen. After all, its design and design exactly, as well as the material of manufacture can be the most diverse.
Stairs to the second floor photo
Stairs to the second floor: what are they made of?
The chosen material and execution style will greatly influence the interior design of the premises in which it will be located. For manufacturing, it can be used as completely one raw material, and there can be various combinations. The most common options are:
- Tree
- Metal - wood
- Stone - metal
- Metal - glass
There are also models consisting of three or more materials at once.
Wooden
Wood will always be the most popular natural material for home improvement. It was she who began to be used earlier than others for this purpose. Therefore, wooden stairs can rightfully be called the very first that appeared. To this day, wood is used to produce the most different types stairs, from classic to modern styles. This material is strong and durable, and products made from it are very reliable, beautiful and even unique.
The cost of wooden models of the same type depends directly on the type of wood used, the cheapest options are usually made from pine. But not only wood affects the price, appearance, size, shape can also significantly affect the final cost of the product.
The uniqueness of wooden products is that they exude warmth, if necessary, emphasize comfort. hearth, then you should definitely use this type.
metal
In the race for the “reliability” place, metal models are certainly in the lead, ahead of wooden ones. The metal frame is able to withstand a much greater mass and load. And at correct installation and thoughtful design, it will last much longer in its original form. The probability of creaking and play of steps and other parts of metal models is reduced to zero due to rigid fixation with bolts or even welding. Metal stairs to the second floor can be both classic and indispensable in the house design, which is made in high-tech style.
It is better to entrust their installation to professionals, because this time-consuming process is often associated with welding work.
Modern such stairs for country house or apartments are most often made with a combination of another material. After all, the metal itself is cold, so it needs additional finishing. Most often, as mentioned above, metal stairs for the house are combined with wood, usually steps and railings. Such a model will be reliable and at the same time cozy in the interior of any home.
In addition to wood, they are combined with glass, stone, plastic and other materials.
Such combined models for a country house are good because the total mass of the product is much lighter.
The advantages of metal models, in addition to durability, include the possibility of manufacturing products of various shapes. It could be corner model, with strict geometric shapes, and may be rounded. Among metal models, forged stairs stand apart. Such author's works look amazingly beautiful, such models will bring beauty and a unique, noble atmosphere to the interior, because they look like a work of art.
Stone
For the manufacture of natural and fake diamond in combination with concrete and metal. The former serve as a lining, and concrete as a base, metal, respectively, as a railing. This type of product can be attributed to the fireproof category. At the same time, they are one of the most expensive, but at the same time the most durable and reliable. Stone stairs in the interior look rich and very noble. They are ideal for large country houses in classical styles. They are made using marble, onyx, travertine and other rocks. They can be made both straight and screw.
First of all, it should be said that all types of stairs can be divided into two large groups: these are marching and screw.
What is the difference between them?
Marching - they are straight, L-shaped and U-shaped. One model, depending on the form, can have from one to several marches. A march is a group of steps consisting of one rectangular fragment. The optimal number of steps in one march is considered to be 16 pieces. If there is more than one march in the structure, they are combined by an inter-march platform.
Screw or otherwise they are called spiral, do not have an inter-march platform, as they are made in the form of a continuous spiral. Here the number of steps is no longer limited, they completely depend on the height of the second floor.
Spiral stairs are perfect option for a small room, because compared to others it takes up significantly less space.
In addition, those and others are of several more types, depending on the design.
Stairs on stringers
The kosour is the supporting part of the staircase structure, it is on it that the steps are attached from above. Depending on the design, the stringers are straight, broken, screw and involute. This structure is considered one of the most reliable, since the steps are rigidly fixed in the middle part, which will protect them from bending and breaking through. Also, due to the simplicity of the design, this type is considered one of the most popular. Below you can see photos of such products on stringers.
Bolts stairs
The original name of this species comes from the word "Bolz", which means fixing fasteners in German. Fasteners are usually special bolts. Thanks to them, such models have a simplified design and look more weightless than all the others. They can be made from either metal or wood. Due to the rigid fixation, such stairs, even wooden ones, will not creak over time. Such models are assembled and disassembled like a construction set, so they are easy to assemble on site. And also in case of damage to one of the parts, it is possible to easily replace it.
Stairs on bowstrings
Bowstrings are fastener located on both sides of the steps, it is against it that the steps rest. These can be cuts or special protrusions. Ladders on bowstrings are considered classic version. They are most often found in wooden structures. They look very elegant and simple at the same time.
Stair design - stylistic differences
Interior design does not tolerate mistakes in the choice of accessories and objects, everything that is in the interior should be combined into one stylistic composition. Stairs for a private house or apartments, today can be made to order in the required style. It is worth saying that the staircase in the living room or any other room will become one of the main and noticeable elements that fill the interior, as it is one of its largest objects. Therefore, it is extremely important to choose her style in accordance with the entire interior design.
classical
Products in this style can be made both from metal and from wood and stone. The same classic beauty will unite them all. implying in wooden options, beautiful carving on the stair pillars and the graceful profile of the handrails. Metal models are certainly forged stairs, the main beauty of which lies in the elegance of the railing. It is the railings that mostly attribute the stairs of this design to one or another classical style. Forged models can be made in the style of Baroque, Renaissance, Empire. They differ from each other in the nature of the decorative ornament.
And of course, stone models qualitatively reflect the classical style, because they were used in palaces and castles for many centuries.
Provence style staircase
Provence is one of the fashion trends in interior design these days. In a private house in the Provence style, such a model can be wooden or metal. Both options can be made using the aging technique. The main shade of the Provence style is considered to be light, so Provence-style stairs often have patina decor. The design includes a beautiful invitation first step. Graceful and light decor accompanies along its entire length.
Since the Provence style is considered homely and cozy, the presence of carpeting on the steps is only welcome. Perfectly displays this style and designs from natural stone in combination with elegantly decorated wrought iron railings.
High-tech models
Hi-tech means using only modern version or high quality natural materials. Glass and metal are considered the most suitable. Indeed, for this style, the presence of glossy, metallic chrome parts will be its best reflection. Not only the materials, but also the construction and design of the high-tech staircase is made in an ultra-modern design. This style is characterized by the presence of well-defined angular geometric details. It contains elements of cubism and constructivism. It is the unusual design that often indicates the presence of high-tech style. In addition to all this, high-tech models can be part of another interior element, such as a built-in living room set. It is also characterized by the presence bright colors and built-in LED backlight. This option reflects the idea of a perfect and robust design.
Loft style
This style is also called industrial, as it came to the interior design of the world from American factories, attics and warehouses. A distinctive feature of the loft-style staircase is the presence of metal and wood. They can have both an aged rough look and a well-polished one. The ideal staircase to the second floor in this style would be one in which the frame is made of black metal, and the steps are made of gray concrete or worn wood. The presence of fasteners such as metal "rivets" and nuts and bolts will be very useful. Therefore, the designs on the bolts in this case will fit well into the interior in the loft style.
Since this style is characterized by spacious areas, the stairs are often large. But metal screw models are also quite appropriate here.
Chalet style
This style conveys the atmosphere of the Alpine log house. Therefore, it is characterized exclusively by wooden products, and most often natural color and not uncommon dark tree species. Character traits this style is solidity, reliability and good quality, so they have wide railings and chiseled baluster posts and pillars. Not infrequently, these stairs have a rather serious and massive design. At the same time, these are exclusively marching types, both straight and of a different form with an intermediate platform.
Country style
Country style and rustic are very similar, because in both cases, most often the main material is wood, this also applies to stairs. Products in this style are made in a somewhat rough form, but this is not due to the lack of experience of the master, this is a style that has outgrown from the features and lifestyle that has developed by itself in the conditions village life.
Backlight and lighting
A comfortable staircase is made not only by the adjusted height of the steps, width, angle of inclination and comfortable handrails, but also by lighting. Indeed, without proper lighting, especially at night or if it is in a poorly lit hall, the stairs are not only not convenient, it is dangerous to go down and up. Therefore, this area of the house must be well-lit.
There are two ways to accomplish this task, this is to make the backlight directly in the stairs or make it along it wall lighting.
Illumination built into the stairs
Such light is an innovation that is in great demand in our time in design. After all, with such a backlight, the design becomes much more attractive. Its appearance becomes more elegant, against the background of light its forms are more pronounced and aesthetic. And if for this purpose the illumination under the steps is used, then the effect of soaring steps is created. This solution in the interior looks stylish and modern. Therefore, it is perfect for apartments and houses whose design is made in modern, loft and high-tech style.
Used for lighting LED Strip Light, it is built under the steps, and sometimes into the railing. LED spotlights can also be used. They will give the design of the stairs their zest. Modern models equipped with a special sensor that automatically turns on the backlight when motion occurs.
The lighting on the stairs does not need to be made very bright, its task is to mark the boundaries of the steps and other parts and slightly illuminate the surrounding space in order to orient a person ascending or descending. Also, it should be installed in such a way that the source does not shine directly into the eyes.
Wall and non-standard lighting
In parallel with the standard illumination of stairs, and more often without it, accompanying wall lighting is used. It can be as standard Wall lights: sconces, or there can be point ones, built into niches, highlighting, for example, a picture or standing vase. Such unobtrusive lighting fits very organically into the design of the stairs. In addition, wall lamps can be used to illuminate the steps, they are usually located close to them.
Traditional wall lighting using lamps with plafonds will fit perfectly both in classic styles, and in country and Provence styles. And when using the appropriate design of fixtures, this method is suitable for any modern style. 
The design of the stairs - what can it be?
The issue of design can be dealt with, both before its manufacture, and after its installation. In the latter case, there special means and tricks.
To understand how to beautifully design a staircase, you need to know where and how it will be located. Indeed, in one case it will be more logical to arrange one part of it, and in another it is better to focus on the other. For example, if the staircase is located opposite the doors and it is clearly visible from the front, then it would be more logical to arrange its risers. For example, they may have ceramic finish tile or mosaic. To the beat modern style, they can be applied with decorative inscriptions or original stickers.
If the staircase, for example, is located in the living room along the wall or in the spacious hall, then of course the emphasis should be on the railing. It can be either forged railings or carved wood.
Not infrequently, in some cases, stairs can be decorated with carpets on the steps, light fabric can be attached to the railing, etc. If the structure is adjacent to the wall, it can be accompanied by a small art gallery or a group of family photos within. Wall painting can also be an alternative.
Stairs to the second floor in a private house are often made out from below, especially if there is a lot of space there. Someone arranges there Personal Area, pantries or wardrobe, others create a recreation area with a flower garden with a fountain, the third order built-in furniture according to the form, etc.
Photo of stairs to the second floor
The construction of a two-story private house, cottage or summer house is a profitable solution that allows you to expand your living space. To save usable space in such buildings, small-sized stairs are installed. Such designs differ in the number of steps and the forms of marches. At the same time, a compact staircase to the second floor must meet the requirements of practicality and safety.
Stylish and compact staircase configurations
Small stairs are installed to save usable space. In their manufacture, they make it so that the steps are located as close to each other as possible, but it is convenient to move along them. It is necessary to carefully approach the choice of model in order to install the maximum in your home. safe design.
Even such a compact staircase can look very organic.
Of particular importance is the shape of the opening and its width. The choice of the type of construction of small dimensions depends precisely on these indicators. The dimensions of the steps and are the main data that should be considered. It is important to figure out which types of structures are best suited for small spaces.
Single-march
Single-march models are the simplest. However, when installing such stairs to the second floor, you can save space. The minimum required space for a 3-meter floor height is 80x180 cm.
For the sake of this, designers decide on various non-standard solutions. For example, these include models in which the treads are narrowed on each side. 
Stair structures with one march can also be folding and retractable.
Swivel
Models with turns of marches are installed in a corner or against a wall. The platforms in them play the role of an element necessary for a turn. Turns are performed by 90° or 180°. Double-flight stairs do not take up much space, but climbing and descending them is quite convenient. Winder steps in such cases are simply irreplaceable. The minimum occupied space at a 3-meter floor height is 160x180 cm.
A good corner solution for a small area Thanks to the installation of such a structure, the narrow passage to the second floor is more elegant. In comparison with direct marches, when moving, you have to change the direction of movement. There are other differences as well:
- Compactness. They do not take up much space, while the parameters remain optimal.
- Convenience - it is convenient to move along them even with a large object in your hands.
- Aesthetics. Corner products look interesting and neat.
- Safety. According to this indicator, rotary products are safer than screw ones.
screw
Small-sized screw models are popular today. These structures are installed both in multi-level apartments and in country houses. The ease of use of such structures lies in the observance of the rules of ergonomics - the movement up and down is comfortable, and no dead zones are created under the steps. It is more profitable to place such a staircase to the second floor of the house in a small area. The minimum plan dimensions for a floor height of 3 m are 130x130 cm.
The steps are attached to vertical rack in a spiral. One of the main advantages of screw products is the elegance of forms. They are made of metal or wood - in any case, they are able to fit into a modern interior.
However, screw products have their drawbacks. For example, if a person carries a large object in his hands, it will be uncomfortable to go down. wooden models give the home a cozy atmosphere.
folding
If you have to go upstairs infrequently, it is better to install in country house folding type structure. It is perfect for the attic. Its advantage is the ability to fold if necessary. Small-sized retractable models are attached to the hatch on the ceiling. You can easily tilt the structure, and then push it back. For maintenance of the attic, a folding design is ideal.
It is allowed to install such a model in any area of \u200b\u200bthe house. Its choice depends only on the location of large-sized furniture. In addition, the installation of a folding model does not affect the interior.
There are several varieties of such products:
- telescopic;
- retractable;
- folding;
- sectional.
The width is usually close to that of conventional side structures. As a rule, it is 60-65 cm. With a large slope, it will be possible to go down it only with your back forward.
When choosing a suitable type of construction of small dimensions, look at overall design premises. The main thing is that it is durable, ergonomic and safe. Such a small staircase for giving is mounted where the attic is rarely used. It is effective to install such structures in houses with a ceiling height of up to 3 m.
Small Solutions
If it is necessary to install a ladder that would not “hide” the space and be as convenient as possible, pay attention to small-sized structures. There are several types of such products that can meet the requirements of practicality and reliability.
Modular designs
When installing modular lifts on the second floor, you can experiment with the interior and choose various options assemblies. They can be made by hand, which is the main advantage. Modular designs are screw, spiral, L- and U-shaped. They may also be rounded. Modular system allows you to give the stairs any shape in terms of, and adding the required number of elements allows you to gain an arbitrary height.
Install them in openings of different widths and lengths. It is important to install the modular staircase correctly - the safety of the residents depends on it. At the same time, attention is paid to living in the house of persons with disabilities - children and the elderly.
Choose a modular staircase with a small opening to the second floor in accordance with the following recommendations:
- Before choosing, measure the area of \u200b\u200bthe room and find out the dimensions of the opening.
- It is better if the structure is equipped with a railing that will ensure the safety of movement.
- For ease of ascent and descent, stairs without risers are chosen - this ensures comfort when setting the foot.
- The design of the structure is created taking into account general style premises.
With small platforms and compact turns, it is easy to save living space. First, pay attention to the safety of the product, and only then - to its appearance. Modular structures are installed in a house where you need to move quickly between floors. Often this design is chosen for installation in a bath.
Staircase "goose step"
Among the single-march structures, it is worth highlighting the goose step staircase. It does not take up space, but also does not restrict movement when ascending and descending. When resizing a run, it is important to maintain the optimal step width and slope range. If even when choosing extreme values, it is not possible to create an ascent to the second floor, it is not worth saving space for arranging stairs.
The design difference is the alternate narrowing of the tread on each side. This allows you to create comfort when moving, while leaving the length of the march relatively small.
This design can be the highlight of the whole interior. The goose step ladder is designed for comfortable movement in confined spaces. For such models, the optimal slope is 50 ° - 60 °. Their width is reduced to 60-80 cm. At the same time, the ratio of the height of the riser and the width of the tread in such designs is rather unusual. If you transfer it to an ordinary single-flight staircase, moving along it would be unsafe.
Important Convenience and Safety Issues
When installing stairs to the second floor small house it is important to combine the design with the background style of the interior. There are also some requirements to take into account:
- compact dimensions;
- safety;
- travel comfort.
The design should not be too steep - no more than 60 °. The slope is calculated based on the possibility of its use by children and the elderly. It is better to equip the structure with railings. The coating is chosen so as not to slip on it when moving. If the stairs are made of polished stone, you can lay a carpet on it.
Often, structures have to be made with a large slope - up to 75 ° degrees. At the same time, a rather large depth of steps is set. To increase the convenience and safety of the stairs, you can use the installation of handles that you can hold on to when going up and down.
Safety regulations:
- starting from the first meter, the stairs are equipped with a fence 90 cm high;
- gaps between railing posts should not exceed 10 cm;
- the width of the tread should be sufficient for comfortable setting of the foot - 25-30 cm;
- for the convenience of grabbing a hand, handrails are created with an optimal diameter - 32-60 mm;
- all steps must be the same height.
Optimal dimensions fences and handrails When designing a staircase to the second floor, it is important to take care not only of its ergonomics, but also of its functionality. Therefore, such structures are created according to individual drawings. You can do the calculations yourself with the help of free ones.
Compact ladder options
After reviewing the main types of compact stairs, we recommend that you see photos of such structures. This will help you choose the right model for your country house. It is important that it is combined with the interior of the room.
IN two-story house it is necessary to place a comfortable, safe and beautiful staircase. You can invite craftsmen or assemble from a ready-made kit, but we will tell you how to design and mount it yourself.
Types of stairs - classification by shape
Stairs to the second floor in a private house differ in their shape. Several designs are used: with marches and helical. The former can be straight 90°, 180° or 360° swivel. Screws are compact, but they are inconvenient to use, especially for young children and the elderly. Marches are convenient, but they take up a significant part of the usable area, especially straight ones. The space below them is often used as utility rooms. The easiest way to build a marching staircase.
It includes one or two marches with steps evenly spaced. Their number is 3–15 if there is more than one march. On average, 8-11 steps are arranged on each march, and there are platforms between them. If there are more stairs with one flight of steps, it is also recommended to arrange platforms in order to increase strength. Steps are open or closed, with risers. Open are convenient with insufficient width of the act.
Mid-flight stairs can be made with small turns, less than 90 °, and are called rotary. At the turn, winder steps are more often arranged instead of a platform.
Stairs with bolts are popular - long rods with threaded ends. They serve to fasten the steps and fencing the structure, which is mounted in the wall. They are lightweight and aerial view but are actually very strong and reliable. The design can be stretched over the entire wall, or it can be built compact. Due to the features of the attachment, it is located only against the wall. It can be collected from finished elements installation is best left to professionals.
Difficult to manufacture, but take up little space, they can be installed anywhere, even in the middle of the living room. Many do just that: the staircase is aesthetically attractive and becomes a decoration of the room. Various designs of these products are known, but for two-story buildings, a model with a rack and wedge-shaped steps is better suited. The rack is attached to the floor and ceiling, and steps spiral to it. On the side there is a handrail repeating the screw shape of the product. Balusters are attached to the handrails and steps.
Materials used - advantages and disadvantages
Except form important role plays the material of the stairs. The most affordable material with many advantages is wood. Fashion for him does not pass for centuries. Wood products are durable, beautiful, decorate the house for many years. To maintain the appearance, it is necessary to update every few years. decorative coating. You can not use paintwork, but emphasize the structure of natural wood.
Between floors they are often arranged as a basis for attaching parts from other materials. For steps use wood, marble, glass. Bare metal is allowed for the whole structure, but contact with it in a cool room is unpleasant. Metal stairs with glass railings look beautiful - light and airy. Glass and metal are well combined with wooden parts made of beech, teak, maple, cedar.
A new word in the manufacture of stairs is the use of special impact-resistant glass. It can withstand heavy loads, it is completely safe to use. The design with a glass staircase only wins with its grace and elegance. It is very effective to use neon bulbs for illumination.
We select materials in accordance with the chosen interior style. Metal is suitable for classic minimalism and baroque. Modern and scandinavian styles prefer glass. Concrete, marble are typical for the loft style, eclecticism. Concrete is exceptionally durable, specialists make amazing things of incredible beauty out of it.
Product features - what parts does the staircase consist of
The design of the stairs includes many details. Some of them are necessarily present in all products, others are specific, used only in some types. Even the simplest interfloor construction is not complete without supports and steps. The step has two parts: one of them is located horizontally, the other is vertical. The horizontal one is called the step, the vertical one is called the riser. The risers play the role of a support for the tread, but in some cases they do without them.
Marches from a number of steps are mounted on supports. Two of their types are used: bowstring and kosour - beams that differ in location. The bowstring is placed so that it fastens the steps from the end, and the stringer supports from below. Supports are made of thick material: 50–70 mm. The stringers are saw-shaped, steps are placed on the horizontal platform, and risers are placed on the vertical platform. There may be one central one, when the steps rest on the wall, or two. The grooves in the bowstrings for the deed and the risers are cut according to the pattern. Beams are pulled together with wooden or metal strands.
Stairs almost always have railings, although they are not required. But for older people, they are simply necessary. The railings are complemented by balusters - vertical supports between them and the steps. They are often not just a functional element, but play a role decorative ornament. They are made from various materials, different shapes. If there are small children in the house, balusters are required to protect them from accidental falls.
For individual structures used details that are unique to them. Spiral staircases cannot do without a rack. It is made of steel pipe or wood, serves as the basis for the entire product. On some models, bolts are used to fasten the steps to the wall - special threaded pins.
Preparation for design - the choice of type, fastening, dimensions
Starting manufacturing, they first decide which type of product is better to use, taking into account the existing conditions. For a private house, options for stairs are possible:
- 1. Straight lines - easy to calculate and install, convenient to use. Requires a lot of space.
- 2. Rotary with two or three marches and platforms between them. turns flights of stairs 90, 180 or 360 degree rotations save space.
- 3. Rotary winders - similar to the previous version. The role of the platforms is played by steps, additionally up to 2 m 2 of area is saved.
- 4. Screw - very compact, but not very convenient to use. Recommended for rooms with a small area.
We continue the construction with the choice of fastening:
- bolts - mounted on the wall, the design is elegant, but can withstand significant loads;
- rack - used in spiral structures or rotary as an additional fastening;
- bowstring - steps are installed in the internal grooves of the beam, the ends are closed;
- kosour - the upper part of the beam has a figured profile for supporting steps on it, the ends are open.
- the height of the opening between the finishing floors of the first and second floors;
- the width of the opening, which, in addition to being rectangular, can be round, oval, which is determined by the version of the product;
- height from the floor on the ground floor to the ceiling.
Calculations - building codes and formulas
We will show how to design a product using the example of a marching staircase. In order not to make mistakes, you should familiarize yourself with building codes for the construction of stairs. They have been developed over many years of practice and guarantee the safety and ease of use of the product. The main rules that should be followed when performing all calculations in the future:
- the slope of the marches is not more than 45 °;
- not less than 90 cm wide;
- the height of the steps does not exceed 20 cm, the depth is not less than 25 cm;
- the dimensions of all steps are the same;
- fence with a minimum height of 90 cm;
- the location of the balusters in a house with small children after 10–12 cm.
In rotary structures, the dimensions of the inter-march platforms are at least 75 cm, and the winder steps, if used instead of platforms, are at least 20 cm wide.
Further work on the project continues on paper. We draw a plan of the first floor with an indication of all dimensions. On it we mark various ledges, niches, windows, doors, communications. When designing, we try to ensure that they do not overlap with load-bearing structures. We indicate the place of the beginning of the march on the first floor and exit to the second. We try to make it possible more sizes, which will facilitate further installation of the product.
Then we work with the measurements that we performed earlier. We calculate the number of steps: the height of the opening (the distance between the floors of the first and second floors) is divided by the height of one supen. Example: opening 290 cm, step 18 cm. Dividing, we get 16 steps.
We find out the length of the product: we multiply the number of treads (we have 16) by their optimal depth - 25 cm. As a result, we get 4 meters. The length is such that in a small room there may not be enough space. If divided into 2 marches of 8 steps, it will be necessary, taking into account the minimum platform size of 75 cm, almost half the area.
Finally, we find out the length of the supports, it doesn’t matter whether it is for stringers or bowstrings. We apply the Pythagorean theorem: c 2 \u003d a 2 b 2. In this case, a is the length of the product (4 m), b is the opening (2.9 m). It is required to find out c - the length of the supports. We add squares a and b: 16 8.41=24.41. We extract the square root of 24.41, we get 4.94 m - this is the required length of one support. If you do 2 marches, the length will be 3.5 m.
All calculations are applied to the drawing.
A simple solution - a straight marching staircase on stringers
It is easier to mount it yourself on stringers with one straight march. True, at the base, its length will be at least 4 meters, and the span will exceed five. But if the size of the room allows, it will become a decoration of the house. The product calculations are given above, we will tell you how to make parts and assemble the structure with your own hands.
For kosour we take a dry blank from the board hard rock. Draw on cardboard or thin plywood template, taking into account the shape of the protrusion and the angle of inclination. We apply it to the beam and cut the mount. At the ends of the stringers, we cut out the grooves for fastening to the upper floor beam and the lower beam. We process grooves sandpaper to eliminate burrs. In a prepared place on the floor, we attach the support beam to the anchor bolts. For attaching stringers to ceiling beam you can install anchors on it or simply join it by cutting.
For the manufacture of a deed, we use a dry board with a thickness after processing of 35 mm or more, 20 mm is enough for risers. The risers can be installed not along the edge of the step, but deepening a little, then you should not cut more wide board. Alternatively, it is possible not to use risers, the design will be easier. We select the length of the parts taking into account the width of the march plus the railing. We cut off the edges on deeds, grind the workpieces. First, a riser is attached to the stringers, then an act. We use wood glue and self-tapping screws. Glue is needed so that the stairs do not creak when walking.
Let's start making railings. They consist of handrails and balusters. For balusters we use square bars, if possible, we grind them on lathe or buy beautiful carved ones. They are mounted on steps, usually one baluster each. We fasten with self-tapping screws, the caps of which are closed with decorative plugs.
The assembly is over, it began to apply paints and varnishes that will simultaneously protect the tree from moisture and perform decorative functions. First, we grind the assembled product again, removing the smallest burrs and burrs. For painting, we use paint, varnish or a protective colorless composition, tinting agent. Paint, varnish, we choose those that do not have the properties to create smooth surface. It is easy to get injured on slippery steps.
Spiral staircase - a turnkey solution with drawings
Spiral staircase for self-manufacturing should be different simple installation and be safe. The width of the steps plays a decisive role in the prevention of injuries. They are at spiral structures cross-country, there are no intermediate sites. There are several ways of fastening: on the walls, on the stringers, on the bolts. They are quite complex for calculations and installation. The best and most reliable way for a home is to mount it on a rack.
The structure is made of wood or metal. wooden product, varnished, looks very nice, gives comfort. Any solid wood species can be used. For handrails, it is better to use a combination of wood and metal. For steps, they also use, in addition to wood, metal, artificial marble, glass. Perfect for a stand metal pipe. Steps are attached to it by couplings, bolts or welding, depending on the material of the steps. Brick, concrete, wood are also used for the central rack. The main thing is that it can withstand the load.
It should be observed so that it is comfortable and safe. One of the most important is the distance between the step on which the person stands and the one above his head. In order not to touch the head, it should be 2 meters. The width of the staircase is selected not less than 90 cm, with dimensions of more than 1.5 m along the edge, the installation of a stringer will be required. The stairway should be 10 cm wider than the diameter of the stairs at each end so as not to scratch your hands when using the railing when exiting to the second floor. Below are the drawings for calculating the spiral staircase
The best type of spiral staircase is with a metal central support made of a pipe with a diameter of 50 mm. Your attention step-by-step instruction for its manufacture:
- 1. We install the support vertically, checking with a plumb line and level. TO wooden floor fasten with bolts, using fasteners, pour in concrete. Fastening in a similar way ensure the reliability of the entire product.
- 2. We take one more pipe a few larger diameter to cut shells out of it. We cut them perpendicularly with a height of 23–26 cm. The sleeves should be tightly placed on the rack. If it was not possible to select a pipe of the required diameter for the sleeve, rings for sealing can be welded.
- 3. Then we proceed to the manufacture of steps. They must be the same. To achieve this, we make a conductor from chipboard and a pipe equal in diameter to the sleeve.
- 4. Stacking profile pipe into the conductor and connect by welding - the base for the site came out. Then we connect all bases with sleeves by welding at the same distance from their edge. To withstand the distance, we use a conductor.
- 5. We weld a bracket to the lower part of the base from the front side, equal in height to the distance between adjacent steps. You can make and weld risers, which is somewhat more difficult.
- 6. We string the sleeves with metal platforms on the rack, unfold them like a fan. We weld the bracket going from the top step to the bottom.
- 7. We weld sleeves together, install railings with balusters. The method of fastening depends on the material from which they are made. It is possible to use metal, wood, plastic or a combination of them.
- 8. Having collected all the elements, we clean the welding seams, cover the entire structure with nitro enamel. We cover the wooden parts with paint, if the texture is rich - with a colorless varnish or tinting agent.
It is not difficult to create interfloor stairs for a person with elementary construction experience, and the pleasure from the result will be great.
Interfloor staircase necessary to connect the premises of a house that has several levels. It should be durable, safe and comfortable. In addition, the staircase is the most important element of interior design, it cannot be hidden or disguised.
You should think about the location, configuration and design of the stairs in scrap at the very beginning of the design, because the layout of the building often depends on this. Taking into account the features of this element, the halls of the floors and the entrances to the rooms are located. Free zone in front of the stairs and around it, convenient location of the “start” of the stairs and its “finish”, lighting of the rise - essential conditions comfort and harmony of the interior. In addition, the safety of the stairs is directly related to its convenience.
Rules for the construction of stairs in the house
When designing a house, take into account the required size of the opening for the stairs in the ceiling between floors and the way it is supported. Concrete, marble or glass structures can weigh up to 2 tons, so you need to take into account the additional load on the ceiling.
concrete stairs- a constructive component of the house, and they are erected at the construction stage. In a small building, they are usually built in between the main walls that limit the staircase space.
Light stairs- wooden, metal - mounted at the final stage finishing works. They can be turned into a spectacular element of the interior, placed anywhere in the house, made completely open.
When designing a staircase, the owner often has to choose between its convenience and the useful area of the house. Only a specialist can create a convenient, economical and safe design. The size of the opening in the ceiling of the second floor depends on the shape of the stairs and the height of the floor. For the most economical, single-march structures, an opening of at least 100 x 250 cm is required, for screw structures, the minimum opening diameter is 120 cm.
Spacious hall - the best place for stairs
But you should always remember about the convenience and safety of the stairs. They will be provided:
- the correct ratio of parameters: the angle of ascent and descent, the width of the passage on the stairs, turning sections;
- sufficient free space above the head of a climbing person - at least 2 m;
- reliable fencing of stairs and landing;
- sufficient lighting is better, natural, and if this is not possible, it is desirable to provide bright staircase halls.
Staircase at the door provides maximum autonomy of the second floor
The location of the stairs in the house
It is better to place the stairs closer to the geometric center of the house in order to save on the length of communications. It is necessary to provide a convenient approach to it, and around - free space so that two people can pass each other. Most often, the stairs are located in the hall or hallway - this ensures the autonomy of the premises and allows you to climb to the second floor directly from the entrance to the house. Sometimes a staircase is placed in the living room and this multi-level design serves as a decoration for the room. The hall of the second floor can be made in the form of a gallery, open to the living room or hallway.
The staircase is located in the living room so that it does not disturb the comfort
Spiral staircase with gallery
This type of staircase is often located in the living room. It is less convenient for climbing than marching, and involves limited use, for example, leads to a mezzanine.
Spiral staircase with gallery
Staircase in the hall
The staircase in the hall is convenient because it connects special communication rooms and ensures the autonomy of all rooms. Under it, you can arrange utility rooms.
Staircase in the hall
Staircase in the living room
The staircase located in the living room always attracts attention. It must have an expressive design. But for her, you will have to sacrifice free space and peace in the common room.
Staircase in the living room
Stair elements
The staircase consists of a supporting structure, steps and railings. The design must be strong, and it can rely on walls or ceilings. The convenience of the stairs depends on the angle of ascent and is related to the ratio of the height and width of the steps (they are calculated based on the average step of a person). The fence consists of railings and filling between them and the steps. First of all, the strength and height of the fence are important, and secondly, its decorative effect.
Wide first steps invite you to start climbing and provide turn
Stair terminology
Flight of stairs- rise with a certain number of steps (preferably no more than 17) between landings or from the floor of one floor to the floor of another. The optimal slope of the march is 30-40 °, but not more than 45 °, and its optimal width for a private house is 80-90 cm.
Landing- a horizontal platform between marches, the width and length of which is not less than that of the march. Usually used to turn the stairs 90-180°.
tread- the width of the step, commensurate with the human foot. Usually 25-30 cm, but not less than 22 cm.
riser- step height. Optimal Height- 15-18 cm, but not more than 20 cm. The height of all steps must be the same.
winder steps- steps narrowing towards the inside and widening towards the outer edge of the stairs. Used to turn it around. The width of the winder step in the center must be at least 22 cm. Stairs consisting only of winder steps are called spiral.
Balusters- staircase fencing elements: vertical columns located between the steps and the railing and limiting the staircase, platform, gallery. They provide security and decorate the stairs. The distance between the balusters should not exceed 10 cm, and the height of the fence with railings should be 96-98 cm, but not less than 90 cm.
Boltsy- elements of the supporting structure of the stairs: bolts mounted in the wall, on which the stair step is attached.
Kosour- an element of the supporting structure of the stairs: an inclined beam (or a pair of beams) to which the steps are attached. It is made of wood, metal, concrete and rests on the floors of the floors.
From the landing, as from a balcony, it's nice to glance at the living room
Types and configurations of stairs
The configuration of the stairs depends on the floor plan, the area allotted for this element, the style of the interior, the design and the material. With the correct calculation of the parameters, any configuration of the stairs will be convenient. At the same time, the greater the number of marches and the slope of the structure, the more space it will take, but it will be safer, more presentable and easier to lift.
Staircase with winder steps shorter than two-march. A screw takes up less space than others, but it is difficult to walk on it, so it is better not to use it as the main one.
Ladder unusual shape does not require additional decorations
Configuration and area of the 0.9 m wide staircase with a floor height of 2.75 m (17 steps)
1. Single-flight straight (3.78 m²) 2. Double-flight straight with an intermediate platform (4.59 m²) 3. Double-flight L-shaped (4.59 m²) 4. Double-flight U-shaped with an intermediate platform (5.61 m²) 5. Three-flight with two platforms (5.51 m²)
6. Single flight with winder steps and turn by 90° (4.23 m²) 7. Single flight with winder steps and turn by 180° (4.32 m²) 8. Single flight with winder steps and turn by 180° (3.75 m²) ) 9. Single flight only with winders and 180° turn (3.54 m²)
10. Spiral staircases (3.14 m²) and (2.54 m²)
Convenient staircase: the ratio of the sizes of the steps
About the safety of stairs
The staircase must be designed by a specialist. Should be given Special attention its safety and do not neglect the following rules:
- starting from a height of 1 m, flights of stairs, landings and galleries must have a fence with a height of at least 90 cm;
- gaps between the elements of the fence should not be more than 10 cm in width or diameter;
- railings should be shaped to fit comfortably in the hand;
- all steps must be the same height;
- steps should not slip;
- on the upper platform to the stairs it is necessary to provide free access from all rooms.
Classic straight staircase with comfortable handrail along the wall
Stair materials
The load-bearing structures of the stairs are made of wood, metal, glass and concrete. Ceramics, stone and mosaics are used as finishing materials. When finishing steps, take into account that they must resist abrasion. If the steps are lined with slippery material, rough strips are applied to the plane of the treads or a carpet is laid. The railing and cladding of the stairs will be coordinated with the interior design. Wooden stairs are the most popular: they are suitable for interiors of any style, while steel and glass are attributes of a modern setting.
wooden stairs especially in demand in private homes, they are diverse, durable, environmentally friendly and beautiful. For the construction use solid wood or glued wood
Wooden stairs are traditionally decorated with carved balusters and railings, as well as wooden sculptures. The design of any material is made spectacular by forged railings and railings, as well as glass elements. For staircase design, an entrance platform with several initial steps is important. It can be oval, with unusually designed railings.
Glass stairs are made of triplex (several layers of tempered glass), metal is used for a non-existent structure. Glass stairs can have a complex spatial configuration and are spectacular. Fences are made of triplex, steel, brass
Metal stairs are made from metal profiles, pipes, reinforcing steel and steel sheets. They allow you to give the structure any configuration.
Concrete stairs can be prefabricated or monolithic. Concrete allows you to create representative staircases of complex, plastic, curved shapes. The surface of the stairs is faced with stone, mosaic, ceramics. The fences are made of stone forged metal, steel, less often - from wood
Stair lighting
If the ladder is dark or improperly lit, it is dangerous to use it. The more complex the shape of the structure and the longer it is, the more carefully you need to pay attention to the lighting of flights of stairs and approaches to them.
Light finish stairs - a guarantee of safety
If the ladder is near outer wall, windows are needed. And using skylights, natural light can also be provided for a structure located in the depths of the house.
Artificial light, first of all, should illuminate the steps well. Their night illumination is both convenient and effective. The light finish of the walls surrounding the stairs will also make the space lighter and more comfortable.
Step lighting is one of the practical solutions to the problem of safety.
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WITH The modern development of the construction of private houses is increasingly resorting to the construction of two or three-story houses. Therefore, the construction in a private house is an important point. Of course, you can turn to specialists in its construction, but we recommend building it yourself.
Staircase to the second floor in a private house
The staircase, as a complex building element, has its own characteristics and mandatory constituent elements. Consider the composition of the stairs to the second floor of a private house:
- The balustrade is the railing of the stairs.
- Balusters - fence posts in the form of small columns, the child's head should not pass between them, so the maximum distance does not exceed 15 cm.
- Railings - railings.
- Pillars - supports for beams and ceilings.
- Bolts - metal bolts that are needed as fastening steps to the walls.
- March - rise from the steps. For him, the slope is important, since the safety of the stairs depends on it.
- Bowstring - supporting column to hold the ladder in a given position and adjust its load. Depending on the use of the bowstring, a bowstring ladder or a stringer ladder is distinguished. The bowstring uses grooves, and the stringer uses a special form for laying steps.
- Riser - the vertical part of the step for support.
- Transitional platform between marches.
- The step itself, consisting of a tread and a riser.
Stairs to the second floor in a private house are most often made of wood, as it is an environmentally friendly material that looks stylish and attractive.
Video: beautiful stairs to the second floor
Features of different types of stairs
Wooden stairs to the second floor of a private house can be of two main types. Let's explore each of them below.
Spiral stairs
This type is usually chosen when the space for its installation is limited or small. The minimum size of the site for it may be limited to one and a half meters. There are limitations for this option - several people cannot use it at the same time - only one, and it also makes it difficult to lift bulky and voluminous objects along it.
- A comfortable and safe staircase is paramount, so check out optimal parameters tilt, turn and step size.
- Steps should not be less than 20 cm wide - such minimum dimensions ensure the convenience of walking along it.
- The angle of elevation is a maximum of 45 degrees, otherwise it will be inconvenient.
- Consider the degree of load and choose suitable material. For a residential building, a non-slip coating with a load of up to 350 kg per square meter is suitable.
- If there are children in the house, make the stairs as secure as possible - watch the distance between the beams and increase the level of the fence.
- The optimal span width is 1 meter plus or minus 12 cm.
- To calculate, use the method of substituting the stairs of a right-angled triangle with the parameters you are interested in. The leg of the floor will need to be divided by 20 cm ( minimum width steps) and thus, you get the number of steps. The height of the step is calculated by the formula for the height of the rise divided by 10-12 cm. You can determine the width yourself.
For the manufacture of stairs, you will need some useful tips:
- It is not necessary to draw a drawing yourself, you can find ready-made ones on the Internet and adapt them for yourself or take a ready-made one.
- If you make the details yourself, then use only quality wood, dry. Parts must be perfectly polished and exactly match the parameters of the drawing or finished patterns.
