Manchurian walnut: planting and best care tips. Manchurian nut, planting and care How quickly Manchurian nut grows

Manchurian walnut, another name for Dumbey, is beautiful tree with a luxurious round crown, which will complement landscape design. In addition, the leaves themselves and the green shell of the nut have many useful qualities and are widely used for medicinal purposes.

Homeland of this tree is the Far East, the Korean Peninsula and Northern China. The Doumbay nut is from the same genus as the well-known walnut. But this type of plant is more resistant to cold, frost and the negative effects of external climatic factors.

In order to grow a nut, a large area is required, since the plant has a powerful root system. It can reach a height of 27 meters. This is a real long-liver, it lives for about 200 years.

The first harvest is pleasing already 5-10 years after planting and bears fruit once every 2-3 years. The plant has wide beautiful leaves measuring about 50 cm in length. Manchurian walnut releases biologically active substances that help protect against pests. The tree blooms in late spring or early summer.

The tree has a considerable number of useful properties:

By trapping dirt, dust and acetylene from the air, it helps cleanse the atmosphere. Thanks to the release of a natural antiseptic, it helps to disinfect the environment;
has excellent antimicrobial, antifungal, antiseptic capabilities;
contains more than 55% oil. It has a very rich composition;
used in medical practice to eliminate problems with the digestive system, rickets and exudative diathesis;
has good taste qualities and nutritional characteristics.

Video “Description”

From the video you will learn a lot about the Manchurian nut.

Propagation by seeds

Manchurian walnut can be propagated by seeds, but the problem is that the new plant does not always retain the primary characteristics of the parent. For this type of propagation, 1-2 year old nut seeds are used.

Sow seeds in autumn or spring period. In order to do without stratification, it is best to resort to winter planting of fruits. In this case, the seeds germinate faster than when planted in the spring.

The site should be fertile and well drained. Regular, thorough watering and a formed bed are a must.

On acidic soils, the future tree does not take root, so you should add 2-3 cups of wood ash per 1 sq.m, and the depth is 10-15 cm. The holes are placed at a distance of 8-10 cm from each other and 6-8 cm deep. The nuts are first wiped with kerosene to protect them from rodents and placed on the edge in the hole. Then the hole is filled with earth and mulched on top with any material that will help retain moisture.

The sprouted seeds can be immediately moved to their permanent “place of residence.” In this case, the main thing is to pinch the central taproot. But it can also be transplanted to permanent place a year later, after shortening the main root in the center. This is done to make the tree grow faster.

Landing

The best time for permanent planting is April or September. The soil should be sufficiently moist and fertile. The bed should be dug up, loosened and wood ash added.

It should be remembered that when a plant grows, it takes up quite a lot of space and when choosing a planting site, it is necessary to maintain the required distance from other plants.

The plant is best planted on the north side. Manchurian walnut planting has several features:

When transplanting a nut, it requires regular and abundant watering. In dry weather it can be sprayed with a hose.

In order for the seedlings to grow well, their roots are cut.

Nut care

Manchurian walnut has several features both during planting and care:

The plant needs to be watered often, because it loves moist soil. With normal precipitation, the procedure is carried out about 5 times per season. When watering seedlings that are 2-3 years old - seven or eight times per season. If the year is dry, then use about 20 liters.

Regularly remove weeds and loosen the soil, this helps to avoid stagnation of water. The ground is mulched to protect it from rapid overgrowth by weeds.

After the growing season, watering is carried out less frequently. In this way, the nut is prepared for wintering. It is resistant to sub-zero temperatures, and if it freezes, it quickly moves away and begins to bear fruit.

If it happens that the tree is damaged by fire, then the trunk is cut off and a stump is left. The circles around the trunk are processed, loosened, and mulched. After this, new shoots appear at the base of the stump.

In order to hide the leaves from aggressive influences sun rays, pine, fir, spruce are planted nearby. And to preserve the trunk, shadberry or viburnum are placed in the south.

The seedling is covered with peat or burlap for up to three years, and at the end of summer it is fed with either ash or superphosphate.

Manchurian walnut generally does not require much help in shaping; it does it just fine on its own. The best time for pruning is when the buds have already bloomed. After which this procedure is no longer carried out until the second half of August, so as not to provoke the appearance of new buds, which will simply freeze in winter.

Diseases and pests

It was mentioned above that the plant produces active biological substances that help protect against pest attacks. But it also happens that the tree still gets sick. If blackened leaves are found, it should be treated with Fundazol or any copper-containing product. Most likely this is fungal disease, which damaged some segments of the nut. The treatment procedure is carried out 2 times with a break of 2 weeks.

Manchurian walnut can suffer from gall mites and gall moths. The first of the pests, the mite, waits out the cold season in the buds themselves, and lays eggs in them. The females get into the leaves and tubercles are visible on them. In this case, the diseased tree should be treated with colloidal sulfur (100 grams per 10 liters of water) during bud break. In mid-summer you can spray with Fufanon (0.1%) every 10-12 days. A good remedy Abamectin is considered neurotoxic for ticks. Branches that are severely damaged are cut off and destroyed by burning.

You should not treat the nut with preparations that contain pesticides; this can poison the tree and make it poisonous.

The second main pest for this tree is the gallworm. It has wings and causes damage to the bark of shoots, leaves, flowers, and creates galls in them. The most gentle method of dealing with it is simply to destroy the affected branches. When adult insects appear, the tree is sprayed with a solution of chlorophos or karbofos (90 g per 10 liters of water).

Harvesting

Under the green shell there is a hard shell and the nut is located in it. Its appearance resembles a walnut.

Nuts begin to ripen in the fall, namely in September. The shell that covers the shell begins to turn brown. This indicates readiness to harvest.

The tree brings a bountiful harvest once every two years, and actively bears fruit when it reaches 8- summer age.

One plant produces about 80 kilograms of nuts per season.

Application

Walnut juice contains magnesium and potassium and is very pleasant to the taste. Although it does not have a healing effect, it is remarkably invigorating and refreshing.

Fans of homeopathy and traditional medicine successfully use the leaves and green shell, as well as unripe fruits to improve general condition, as an antimicrobial and antibacterial agent.

The tincture has a good diuretic effect, promotes vasodilation, and has an anthelmintic effect. Actively helps eliminate spasms, mild pain and stop bleeding.

In China they claim that an extract from this nut variety helps destroy cancer cells.

Fresh leaves speed up wound healing. To do this, the leaves are kneaded to obtain juice and applied to the damaged area of the skin and bandaged.

You can make jam from milk nuts; for this, the harvest begins in July.

Thus, this type of nut does not require a lot of time and effort, but can be beneficial and decorate the garden plot.

Video “Growing”

From the video you will learn how to grow nuts in your garden.

Many trees that grow successfully in the southern territories of our country cannot be grown in regions with a cooler climate. This also applies to walnuts, known to all of us - spreading and tall trees with tasty and very healthy fruits. But a more frost-resistant Manchurian nut can be a good alternative. Let’s clarify how the Manchurian walnut is planted and what kind of care this crop needs in the Moscow region, and we’ll discuss its cultivation in a little more detail.

Manchurian walnut trees grow in the wild on Far East and in Northern China. This crop is similar in appearance to a walnut, but there are some distinctive characteristics. So the leaves of this tree look larger than those of a walnut; the entire leaf blade can reach one meter in length. The fruits of the Manchurian nut are slightly smaller in size, their shell is very dense, and their shape is oval-pointed towards one end. Having planted a seedling, you can expect the first harvest in the fourth year. And when grown from seeds - on the seventh or eighth.

Manchurian nuts are monoecious plants; accordingly, they produce separate male and female flowers. Pollination occurs with the wind.

Planting in the Moscow region, growing

Manchurian nut seedlings do not like transplanting very much. Therefore, they must be planted immediately in a permanent place. Such trees prefer to grow in well-lit areas, not shaded by other crops. It is allowed to grow Manchurian walnut in lowlands, but the soil must be sufficiently fertile. Readers of Popular Health need to remember that the Manchurian walnut has a deeply penetrating root system and a fairly large branched root. Accordingly, the landing must be carried out away from all kinds of buildings. When planting several seedlings, you need to place them at intervals of ten to twelve meters.

It is best to plant young trees in April or September. For them you need to prepare a landing hole, its optimal depth is eighty to one hundred centimeters. The volume of such a hole should be equal to the volume of the root system of the seedling. At the bottom of the pit it is necessary to lay out a layer of drainage; you can use crushed stone, broken brick and others suitable materials. Add a layer of soil to cover the drainage. Instead of poor soil, you need to use a mixture of soil taken from the planting hole, humus, turf and sand (keep to the ratio 4:2:2:1). Add to this mixture twenty to forty grams of superphosphate, as well as potassium fertilizer. Mix the resulting soil thoroughly.

Before planting, you need to inspect the seedling and shorten the central root. The tree must be installed in the central part of the hole and immediately fixed to a peg. Experienced gardeners It is recommended to plant Manchurian walnut in the Moscow region in such a way as to maintain its original position in relation to the cardinal points; it is believed that this way it will take root much easier and faster. Sprinkle the seedling with soil mixture and carefully fill it with a bucket of water. After the liquid is absorbed, add soil and press it down, forming trunk circle. Add another five to ten liters of water, and then mulch the soil.

Caring for Manchurian walnut in the Moscow region

This tree is quite moisture-loving. So in the first year of cultivation it is necessary to ensure that the soil remains moist at all times. Moisten the soil, avoiding excess dampness. After watering, it is imperative to loosen the soil and remove weeds; it is also important to mulch the soil.

Adult Manchurian nuts can easily survive a lack of moisture or rare flooding of the roots.

Young trees in their fourth year of life need to be fertilized with phosphorus-potassium mixtures. Such compositions are applied to the soil once during the entire growing season, optimally during fruit formation. Only superphosphates can be used, but it is worth adding a glass of wood ash to the soil, because it contains many nutrients.

In the Moscow region, when caring for a tree, you must not forget to include its preparation for winter.
Young seedlings must be insulated to prevent freezing of the tips of the branches. To do this, you should wrap the trunk, as well as the lower branches, using burlap or non-woven material. In addition, it is worth using a net - as a shelter from rodents; it needs to be dug into the ground and trampled around. IN winter time(after the snow falls) it is advisable to repeat this procedure.

Another important stage Caring for Manchurian nuts involves periodically pruning the crown. In fact, such a tree does not need to form a crown artificially. It is capable of self-formation. It is enough just to perform sanitary pruning: in early spring or during the winter dormancy period. In this case, defective, dead and downward growing branches should be eliminated. However, if you are growing Manchurian walnut in a small area, it is advisable to pay attention to its formation. Such procedures can be started already in the second year after planting. Correct shaping can make the tree spreading with a short trunk, or single-stemmed with a ball-shaped crown. Sometimes a tree is formed into a bush with several main trunks growing.

If you decide to have a Manchurian walnut on your plot, then growing this tree is not so difficult, you just need to follow the above instructions.

Grows in fertile and well-drained soils that are sufficiently moist. It will feel great in gardens and parks. Suitable for both group plantings and single ones.

The homeland of this tree is the territories of Northern China and Korea, as well as the Far East. Under natural conditions, it grows in mixed and broad-leaved forests, where its neighbors are Mongolian oak and maple, Korean cedar and spruce.

Manchurian walnut prefers lowlands and river banks. It has proven itself well due to its healing, taste and nutritional properties, as well as the decorative and durable properties of wood.

To plant Manchurian walnut, you should choose a moist area with fertile soil.

Place and time of landing

The planting site should be dug 10 cm deep and then, adding wood ash, loosen the prepared soil.

You can also watch the video about growing Manchurian walnuts:

The planting depth of the Manchurian nut should be about 7-8 cm. When planting, it is recommended to lay the nuts on the edge, then cover them with straw mulch or sawdust mulch, they will help the plant retain moisture.

The seeds of this plant are sown in spring and autumn. However, as practice shows, seedlings are formed the strongest in the spring. Only after a year, the stronger seedlings are planted in a permanent place. When planting a seedling in a permanent place, it is important to trim the root. This pruning activates the growth of lateral roots, which will lie closer to the surface.

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Features of planting Manchurian walnut seedlings

Planting a Manchurian walnut seedling

Features of planting include preparation seat for seedlings.

To improve their survival rate, it is necessary to throw stones, fragments of brick or crushed stone into the planting area. They will become drainage.
Then you should lay a layer of soil, which is mixed with turf, humus and sand.
After all the work, the seedling is installed in the hole and immediately tied to a peg, watered with water and covered with earth.
The soil is slightly compacted around the root and then mulched with sawdust and peat so that the seedlings do not die from frost.

Reproduction

Manchurian nut reproduces by seeds.

For this purpose, the seeds are soaked for ten days in water, which is constantly changing.

Planting seeds and caring for them can continue throughout the growing season.

Manchurian walnut can be grown by planting a ready-made plant that will have a good root system. In this case, you need to pinch the tip of the root.

Care

Manchurian walnut is a moisture-loving plant, so in the dry season it should be watered every week with up to twenty or more liters of water.
In the same case, if there is sufficient precipitation, the frequency of watering changes downward.

If you take seedlings 2-3 years old, then in one season they should be watered from seven to nine times, and mature trees - only four to five times. In order to prevent moisture from stagnating near the trunk, it is important to loosen the soil as necessary, weeding and applying mulch that will retain moisture.

Top dressing

Fertilizers for Manchurian nuts are applied in the second half of summer. For this purpose, 10-20 g of superphosphate is used, which is diluted in ten liters of water.

Manchurian nut fruits are incredibly healthy

Trimming

Dried and disease-damaged branches of the Manchurian walnut need to be regularly pruned. It is recommended to do this operation in early spring, before the nut becomes covered with leaves.

Preparing for winter

This fruit crop It tolerates moderate frosts well, but for seedlings they can be fatal if there is little snow. To prevent this, it is necessary to cover the seedlings with dry leaves, peat or branches. The trunks of young trees should also be wrapped in burlap.

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Disease and pest control

Manchurian walnut belongs to unpretentious culture, which is resistant to various diseases. However, with prolonged wet weather, black spotting may develop.

As for pests, these include the gall mite and gall mite, as well as rodents. In the fight against rodents, treating nuts with special kerosene is good.

Using Manchurian walnut in landscape design

Thanks to its crown, Manchurian walnut can fit into almost any decorative display of the site. It will perfectly landscape not only your backyard or country cottage area, but it will also look aesthetically pleasing in the green spaces of streets and courtyards, squares and parks.

Against the background of coniferous trees, this crop looks especially impressive. In addition, thanks to the phytoncides of this crop, the plant repels mosquitoes. Parks and squares planted with Manchurian walnut are great place for evening walks.

Healing properties

Stock up on unripe Manchurian nuts to avoid getting sick in winter

Manchurian nut has a number of medicinal properties. For example, fruit kernels produce high-quality oil, which is widely used in the confectionery and food industries.

Unripe kernels make delicious jam.

Due to its hard wood with a beautiful texture, it is used to make furniture, as well as plywood and souvenirs. The bark and shell of the nuts produces a natural dark brown or black color.

Fruits and leaves are widely used in cosmetology and folk medicine. A decoction of walnut leaves helps stop and cleanse the blood. It is used in the treatment of diseases such as tuberculosis and furunculosis.

How to properly plant and care for Manchurian walnut

In the fall, on the advice of my aunt, I wanted to plant a Manchurian nut in the garden, so in this article I, as a person who is interested in growing various crops, will tell you the most complete information about such a plant as the Manchurian nut.

You can find out the features correct landing such a plant, study the main requirements for caring for and growing Manchurian walnut. Find out the beneficial and harmful properties of this crop.

Get reliable information about appearance and the developmental features of this plant, and you will also be able to find out the fertilizers that the Manchurian nut needs, diseases and pests that interfere with obtaining a positive result when growing.

Manchurian walnut is a world-famous crop that can be a shrub or tree. This culture appeared in northeast China, then spread to many Asian countries, and only then ended up in European countries.

Currently, the plant is widely grown on the Korean Peninsula and the Far East, specifically in the Amur region, Primorye and Sakhalin.

The plant itself is similar in appearance to its “brother” the walnut. However, the Manchurian walnut is distinguished by a spreading spherical crown, which only becomes more beautiful over time.

The trunk of the plant is strong and powerful, often dark gray in color.

The Manchurian walnut tree can “live” up to 250 years. This is very long term, therefore, the first fruiting occurs only in the 10-12th year of the plant’s life. The leaves of the Manchurian walnut on one branch grow very close to each other; in the summer they attract attention due to their emerald hue, and in the fall - golden.

A lot has been said about the fruits of the Manchurian nut. They grow on a branch in groups of 7. Their shell is strong, so it is sometimes very difficult to get to the nucleoli themselves. Fruit formation begins in late spring, and harvesting occurs in early autumn.

Due to their healing properties, Manchurian nut kernels are widely used in cooking, pharmaceuticals, medicine and many other areas of public life.

Manchurian nut: benefits and harm for the human body

Manchurian nut is a plant that is known throughout the world for its healing properties and beneficial properties for the human body. And this is not in vain, since the leaves, bark and fruits of the Manchurian nut contain many components that are necessary for the human body. Among these components, scientists identify the following:

vitamins group A, B and C;
tannins;
potassium, magnesium, carotene;
phytoncides, alkaloids;
malic, gallic, citric acids;
coumarins and vitamins of group P, which are contained in the fruits of the plant.

The oil, which is obtained from the kernels of the Manchurian nut, contains many beneficial acids that have a unique effect on the human body.

Among such acids, science has identified the following:

linoleic;
linolenic;
oleic;
palmitic;
stearic

Manchurian nut oil is not inferior in composition to corn oil, which ranks first in the world in terms of linoleic acid content.

In addition, Manchurian nut oil has its own distinctive properties surpasses other oils necessary for humanity.

Based on the composition of this culture, the following beneficial properties are identified:

increasing the body's immunity;
improving the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract;
positive effect on the skin and hair of the body;
aiding wound healing and preventing various diseases after injuries;
analgesic effect;
diuretic and vasodilating effects;
anti-inflammatory effect;
antifungal property.

However, despite all the positive properties, the nut has one drawback - it causes a strong allergic reaction to its consumption, so it is necessary to first check the body's reaction.

Features of correct landing

Planting Manchurian walnut requires the following conditions:

The planting site must be chosen large so that nothing grows tens of meters from the planted plant. It should be remembered that fruit plants that will grow with Manchurian nut will experience discomfort, so you should not plant them all together. The planting site must be well lit and have moist soil for the development of the plant's root system.
It is advisable to plant Manchurian walnut in the fall, preferably in October or November, since it is at this time that the plant can receive all the necessary nutrients from the soil.
It is necessary to dig a deep hole, since the plant itself is large, which means its root system will only grow every year.
During planting, it is necessary to add various organic substances (peat, manure, humus, compost and others) or drainage, which will consist of stones, bricks and crushed stones, into the hole.
After adding drainage or organic matter, the next layer should be sand.
After all the steps taken, a support is placed on the seedling that will prevent it from dying, the soil is mulched, compacted and watered abundantly.

Main requirements for caring for and growing Manchurian walnut

Any plant requires that it be well cared for. Manchurian walnut is no exception. It requires careful care, which if not observed can ruin it. perennial. Among the basic requirements for plant care are the following:

Watering (The need for watering depends on the weather and climatic conditions in which the Manchurian nut grows. If the weather in your region is dry, then the nut needs about 20 liters of water weekly. If rain is a common occurrence in your area, then the tree should not be watered so much , it is only necessary to loosen and irrigate the soil in time so that water does not stagnate in the soil. When the time approaches winter, it is necessary to reduce the amount of water that enters the soil so that the plant begins to get used to the cold and does not continue to grow and develop rapidly.);
Pruning (the crown of the Manchurian walnut does not require special care. It is only necessary to remove dead and unnecessary parts of the plant in a timely manner. It is advisable to prune twice a year: in May before flowering and at the end of August before harvest. Experienced gardeners usually do not make any outlandish shapes from the crown of a tree; often they either form it like many shrubs, or make it in the shape of a palm tree so that other garden crops can be grown under the tree.);
Mulching and weeding (Mulching must be done in a timely manner so that the plant can feed on the necessary substances and calmly continue its development without getting any diseases or infections. Weeding and removing unnecessary weeds must be done constantly so that the plant can get more moisture and nutritional components from the soil so that the tree has more space for growth and development.);
Fertilizing (Applying fertilizers is an important procedure in the life of every plant, so you need to know exactly what useful material necessary for the plant so as not to destroy it. Manchurian walnut prefers phosphorus fertilizers, which must be applied at the root of the plant in mid-summer. It is important to observe the proportions: per 10 liters clean water it is necessary to add 15-20 grams of phosphorus fertilizer. Feeding is a stimulant for the full growth and development of the plant, which must be done annually to give the plant more important substances.);

Fertilizers, diseases and pests

Among the diseases of the Manchurian nut, various fungal diseases are widespread, which can damage the leaves of the plant or the fruits.
The main pests of the tree are gall mites, which lay their eggs on the leaves of the Manchurian walnut, and gall moths, which appear on the bark of shoots, leaves and flowers.
The most common fertilizers are various mineral fertilizers, organic fertilizers (peat, compost, humus, manure), potash and phosphorus fertilizers, drainage, which may include stones, bricks, crushed stone, sawdust.

Methods of propagation of Manchurian nut

Manchurian walnut propagation occurs in two main ways, including

Propagation by seeds is a very lengthy stage that takes a lot of effort and time. Seeds can be prepared for planting in different ways by adjusting the temperature and humidity in which they will grow. Propagation by seeds is not an effective way to obtain a good harvest, since the new tree may not retain the genetic code of the parent tree and produce a completely different harvest. In addition, fruiting from the seed begins only in the 11th year of the plant’s life.
Reproduction by seedlings - more effective method reproduction of Manchurian walnut. There is nothing complicated in this procedure, because ready-made seedlings can be purchased at flower shops or in the markets. In this process, it is important not to damage the roots of the plant when planting, otherwise all your spent energy, time and material resources were in vain.

Manchurian walnut, also known as Dumbey walnut, is a close relative of the well-known walnut. It looks almost the same and also has edible nuts - seed kernels, but can withstand much lower temperatures, so it replaces walnuts in the northern regions.

The homeland of this tree, as you might guess from the name, is China, but it can also be found in the wild nature of Korea and the entire Far Eastern region. There it grows in mixed forests with oaks, maples and a variety of conifers.

This is a large, fast-growing tree that reaches 10 – 30 m in height and 10 – 25 m in crown diameter! Not every gardener can afford to grow such a giant on his property, so before you rush to purchase a seedling, read the description of the tree and decide whether you need it.

Description

The trunk of this nut is usually smooth by nature and can reach 1 m in diameter or even more; the crown is not very dense, tent-shaped, raised above the ground; the leaves secrete phytoncides and juglone, which purify, disinfect the air and repel mosquitoes. All this makes the extensive shade under the walnut tree an ideal place to relax in summer heat. In the northernmost regions, this plant forms a bush, but at the same time bears fruit no worse than a tree.

A young nut grows very quickly: the seed turns into a full-fledged seedling in just 1 season, and by the age of 20–30 it gains 50–200 cm in height annually. Then the growth rate decreases. In total, this nut lives 250 - 400 years.

The frost resistance of an adult tree is very high: it tolerates long-term frosts down to -30 0 C and short-term frosts up to -50 0 C. However, in the spring, when the buds have already swelled, they can be damaged by frost, and the foliage can burn in the bright sun if it blooms earlier than the soil will warm up completely. For the first 2–3 years of life, it is advisable to provide shelter for the winter - mulching the tree trunk circle, protecting the trunk and lower branches with burlap and netting from rodents. Such protection is especially important if the winter is cold but snowless.

Externally, Manchurian walnut can be distinguished from walnut by its leaves - although they have the same structure, they are much larger, can reach 60 - 100 cm in length. Moreover, each sheet consists of 7 – 21 smaller ones, 15 ± 5 cm each. The foliage has a rich green color, turns yellow and falls off in the fall.

The bark on young trees and branches is light gray and smooth, darkens with age, in some places to black, and cracks.

The roots of the Manchurian walnut go deep; in trees up to 3 years old, the depth of the root exceeds the height of the trunk several times - which is why it should be transplanted to a permanent place as early as possible, no later than 2 years of age. In mature trees, the root branches strongly, grows not only in depth, but also in breadth, occupying the entire ground under the crown. Therefore, even when planting a one-year-old tree, you should leave enough space from other trees and buildings so that the nut does not interfere or harm anyone or anything. There should be no apple, pear, or bird cherry trees within a radius of 10 m from the nut. Other fruit neighbors are also undesirable - they will not harm the nut, but out of competition with it for sunlight and the living space will come out as losers - fruiting will become minimal or stop altogether, and the tree will begin to wither.

Manchurian walnut blooms in the second half of spring, from mid-April and sometimes until early June. On one tree, both male inflorescences—catkins—and female inflorescences—tassels of 2–10 pistils with bright pink stigmas—are formed. Pollination occurs with the help of wind, after which drupes are formed on the female inflorescences.

The fruits ripen by autumn, and mass harvesting usually occurs between September 10 and September 30. Nuts are characterized by an extremely thick shell (the edible kernel occupies only about 12% of the fleshy fruit) and relatively small size about 3cm wide and 6cm long; the core weighs about 2.5 grams. The good news is that there is no lignified partition in this nut. The kernels are very nutritious, consisting of 50% fat, and jam is made from unripe nuts.

The Manchurian nut bears fruit less abundantly than the walnut - the maximum yield from 1 adult tree is about 80 kg. The tree bears fruit unevenly, bringing good harvest once every 2 - 3 years and the minimum - in other years.

Trees grown from walnut give the first harvest for 7-8 years of life; from a seedling purchased in a nursery - for 4 - 5 years, and some cultivated forms can begin to bear fruit only from 13 - 15 years.

And one more argument in favor of the Manchurian walnut is its healing properties. Its leaves, their juice and infusion are used to heal wounds and as an antiseptic, against foot and nail fungus, against worms, against inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, diathesis, for diarrhea and thyroid diseases. In addition, according to Chinese healers, an extract from the soft part of its fruit can defeat oncological diseases and cancer.

Which place is suitable

As we mentioned above, it is spacious. Very soon your little seedling will turn into large tree, which will suppress all plants nearby with its extensive crown. In addition, if there is a building within the radius of root growth, the nut can damage its foundation.
well lit, in as a last resort- partial shade. While the nut is still small, your concern is to make sure that nothing obscures it. Later he himself will grow taller than most of the trees on the site, but for this he needs a lot of light from the first months.
A lowland location (but not an acidic swampy one), a windy area, or urban conditions with polluted air are suitable - the nut is not picky. Exceptions: lowlands and hilltops in the far north (too cold). The nut grows best next to a body of water, ideally one that does not freeze in winter (a fast-flowing river).
We do not mention the southern regions that are too hot for this nut because there is no reason to plant the Manchurian walnut there, because the walnut is superior to it in all respects except frost resistance.
The soil must be fertile and deep, with a neutral or alkaline reaction. Otherwise, liming is necessary. A mixture of humus, turf soil and sand in equal parts is suitable.
If there are several nuts on the site, the distance between them should be at least 10 - 12 m, otherwise the struggle for survival cannot be avoided.

How to plant a Manchurian walnut?

Planting can be done in September or April.
Buy a seedling. He should be 1 - 2 years old, he should have a smooth trunk and a height of up to 1m. It is better to buy in a reliable nursery, in a container, with a clod of earth.
Prepare a hole about 1 m deep or slightly less (for one-year-old plants) and 1.5 times wider than the seedling’s earthen ball.
At the bottom, organize a drainage of about 20 cm from pebbles, broken bricks, ceramic shards, crushed stone or other improvised material.
Cover the drainage with a small, 7–10 cm layer of fertile soil. Well-ripened compost, turf soil and clean river sand can be added to ordinary garden soil. To provide nutrition for the first 1–2 years, 30–40 g of dry phosphate and potassium fertilizers are mixed into the soil. Lime or wood ash should be added to acidic soil.
Remove the seedling from the container along with a lump of soil. Pay attention to the tip of the central root: shorten it if this has not already been done before. It stimulates active growth nut
Place the seedling in the center of the hole so that its root collar is at ground level. Drive a peg nearby and tie a tree to it.
Fill half of the remaining space with the soil from step 5.
Pour 10 liters of water into the hole with the seedling
Add soil and lightly compact it with your hands.
Pour out another 5 - 10 liters of water (depending on the initial state of soil moisture and the size of the seedling).
Mulch the tree trunk with peat, fallen leaves (only healthy ones) or sawdust. In this case, it is better not to use bark, sawdust and needles of coniferous trees.

How to care

Although in general this tree is unpretentious, in the first years it also needs care. An adult tree practically does not need a person, but without proper pruning it can grow larger than you would like, or simply lose its decorative appearance due to dry branches. But first things first:

For the first, and better - and for the second wintering, a young nut needs shelter. Wrap the trunk and branches (only the lower ones are possible) with burlap or non-woven covering material and secure it with twine, but not too tightly. Mulch the trunk circle with a layer of about 10 cm. At the base of the trunk, place poison for rodents and wrap the trunk with a metal mesh to keep them away. In the spring, as soon as the temperature rises above zero, remove coverings (including an extra layer of mulch) to prevent the tree from rotting.
In the first season after planting, the nut is watered every 1.5 - 2 weeks, unless it rains and the soil dries out. Starting from the second year of life in a permanent place, watering is reduced to 5 - 7 times a season, and from 4 years old, the nut is watered 3 times a year - 1 time in each summer month. An adult Manchurian nut needs watering only when there has been no rainfall for 3-4 weeks and the soil has dried out deeply.
After each watering, it is necessary to loosen the tree trunk circle so that the soil in it does not form a crust and block the access of oxygen to the roots. At the same time, weeds should be removed. To make caring for a tree easier, you can mulch its tree trunk, for example, with wood chips hardwood trees. It will not only keep the soil loose and prevent weeds from appearing, but will also increase the nutritional value of the soil when it begins to rot.
Fertilizing can be done in June, when the fruits are formed, with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. They are bred in water to water the nut.
It is advisable to dig a circle around the tree once a year, approximately coinciding with the edges of its crown - this will improve oxygen access to the roots. The entire area of soil under the crown should not be trampled and excessively compacted - keep this in mind if you decide to arrange a recreation area under a walnut tree.
Sanitary crown trimming is a mandatory procedure and can be carried out from April to June. At the same time, all dry, broken, strongly curved or directed towards the middle of the crown branches are removed. Otherwise, they create unnecessary stress on the tree and prevent it from fully developing and bearing fruit.
The nut does not need formative pruning - it itself grows a beautiful spreading openwork crown. However, you may need this kind of nut trimming to make it convenient to harvest, or to ensure that the nut takes up minimal space on the site, or to save an old tree with a diseased crown. It should begin when the nut is 2 years old, and then carried out every spring, when the air warms up to +10 0 C and buds appear on the tree. Depending on your purpose (and climate), you can shape your nut like this:
A spreading tree on a low trunk - it’s convenient to pick nuts from this, it’s easier to care for the crown, it’s good to rest under, and it will also be convenient and interesting for children to climb. To form it, all buds are removed from a trunk below a given height (usually 0.5 - 1 m) to prevent the growth of side branches directly above the ground, and the top of the trunk is cut off above the side bud. As a result, the leading shoot (top of the trunk) is redirected horizontally, the tree practically stops growing upward, and even the lowest branches have enough light. A very wide crown is formed, in some places the branches descend to the ground.
Walnut - “palm”: a tree with a compact crown on a high trunk is your option if you want to plant a nut, but there is not much space on the plot, and you are not ready to sacrifice the rest of the trees. To form it, a trunk 1.5–2 m high is formed, all side branches and buds are removed from it (leaving a bare, even trunk), and the top is pinched. As a result, the tree branches more strongly, and the crown can be formed over time into a relatively small dense ball, shortening the branches by no more than 50% at a time. The branches of the middle tier, which should be the longest, are also slightly shortened to stimulate branching.
Bush is the natural form of Manchurian walnut in the northern regions. In addition, this form is convenient for planting along the perimeter of the site if you do not have space for a large walnut tree, and can also be a way to save a tree with a badly damaged crown. To form it, the top of the nut is pinched or cut down onto a stump to stimulate the appearance of root shoots. From it, 5–7 of the strongest shoots are selected, which will become skeletal branches. In the future, the shape is maintained by regular thinning and shaping haircuts.

How to grow a walnut seedling yourself?

In fact, this process is not that complicated, and in the case of walnuts, it is also quite fast compared to other trees.

Self-sown nuts reproduce very rarely - usually the seeds do not have enough moisture in the soil to germinate.

The first stage of sowing a nut is the collection and stratification of its fruits. They remain viable for no longer than 2-3 years. Mature nuts that have fallen from a tree on their own should be quite long time lead in the cold. There are several options for this:

Podzimny (autumn) sowing in open ground- the most natural way
Store nuts all winter in the refrigerator, and 10 days before sowing, place them in warm water that needs to be changed every day.
After collection, soak in cool water and then place in a refrigerator or basement (no warmer than +7 0 C) for 2 months.
In autumn, store for 1 month at room temperature, and then bury it in the snow for the whole winter
Extreme fast way: in early March, pour for a day hot water, and then plant in the sand and wait for germination in a month.

The nut is usually sown in open ground. To do this, they dig it up, add lime or ash and water it. The holes for nuts should be 6–8 cm deep, located at a distance of at least 10 cm from each other. To prevent rodents from eating nuts in winter, they should be dipped in kerosene and then placed in a hole, on the edge. The seeds are covered with soil or wet sand or sawdust and mulched.

In the spring, the first to germinate are those seeds that were sown in the fall and underwent stratification in the soil.

The sooner you transplant the nut to a permanent place, the better. You can do this as soon as the shoots appear. When replanting, it is advisable to mark one branch or leaf, directed, for example, to the north, and in a new place place the tree with the same side to the north. This will make it easier for him to adapt.

In any case, when transplanting, the root should be very carefully dug up (remember, it is much longer than the stem of the seedling) and shortened slightly to stimulate the growth of the nut. Even for very small seedlings it is better to use a full-fledged landing hole up to 1m deep to provide the tree with a good drainage layer for life. However, if the soil on your site is light and nutritious, and groundwater lie deep, you can ignore this advice and plant the nut in a small hole proportional to the size of the seedling.

Diseases and pests

In general, this plant protects itself, because its leaves secrete substances that disinfect the air and repel insects. However, occasionally the Manchurian nut may be attacked by a gall mite or gall moth. In the fight against the former, treatment with colloidal sulfur in early spring or drugs such as Fufanon and Abamectin in summer helps. The use of acaricides and pesticides is extremely undesirable (although they are much easier to deal with mites), because they linger in the fruits, making them dangerous to human health.

It is better to cut down branches of a nut affected by the gallworm in early spring and burn it outside the garden, and if you notice this insect on a nut in the summer, treat the tree with karbofos or chlorophos.

If there is cool but humid weather outside, walnut leaves may become affected by black spot. This is a fungal disease that a solution will help get rid of. copper sulfate or Bordeaux mixture.