Among the late varieties of sweet cherries among domestic summer residents, the following are most popular: Revna, Bryanskaya Pink and Tyutchevka. These varieties give good harvest and differ in unpretentiousness in care. Of course, many other berries and fruits ripen in the middle of summer, but still, the bright, rich taste of late cherries will not leave anyone indifferent.
Cherry Revna
This variety was bred specifically for the Central region, but is well suited for other regions. Middle lane.
Description:
- tree height up to 5 m;
- sparse crown in the form of a pyramid;
- fruit color is dark red;
- fruit weight 5 - 8 gr.
From one tree you can collect up to 30 kg of berries per season. However, inexperienced gardeners often plant this variety alone and don't understand why it doesn't bear fruit well. The fact is that a pollinator is needed for successful fruiting; without a pollinator, you can get only 5% of the possible number of berries. Tyutchevka, Raditsa, Iput are suitable as pollinators. Most high yield it turns out if the Iput cherry acts as a pollinator.
Attention! The plant tolerates temperature fluctuations and sudden frosts well, there are no frost holes on the branches.
It is practically not affected by diseases, sometimes it is affected by aphids and weevil. It happens that a cherry fly starts in the berries. This species loves intensive watering and fertile soil.
Main advantages:
- frost resistance;
- sweet taste;
- good yield;
- immunity to disease.
Of the shortcomings, it should be noted. That the tree begins to bear fruit only at 5 years.
Bryansk Pink
Bred specifically for the Central region. Initially, the variety, as the name implies, was grown in Bryansk, later spread throughout the middle lane. This late cherry also grows well in more northern regions.
Variety Bryanskaya Pink
Description:
- tree height 4.5 m;
- dense crown in the shape of a pyramid with a wide base;
- fruit weight 5.5 g;
- fruit color is pink;
From one tree, you can collect 20 - 30 kg of berries per season. A pollinator is needed for good fruiting. It is necessary to plant cherry trees that act as pollinators at a sufficient distance from each other, since cherries love space, do not tolerate crowding and limited space. Suitable varieties such as Tyutchevka, Iput, Ovstuzhenka.
Branches are not affected by frost crackers. Wood and buds also tolerate frost well.
Important! Sudden spring frosts can cause great harm tree.
The plant practically does not suffer from fungal diseases. Grows well in acidic soils. The crown needs regular pruning.
Main advantages:
- immunity to diseases;
- berries are well stored and look beautiful;
- good yield;
- unpretentiousness in care.
On a note! Of the shortcomings, it should be noted small size fruits and the fact that the ovaries often die from spring frosts. However, small berries are sometimes much sweeter than the fruits of some large-fruited varieties.
Cherry Tyutchevka
Bred for the weather conditions of the Central region, but later it was successfully adapted for cultivation in the Urals. It grows well in the middle zone of the country, easily adapts to any climate.
Cherry Tyutchevka
Description:
- tree height up to 6 m;
- sparse crown in the form of a regular ball;
- weight of berries up to 7.5 gr;
- the color of the berries is red speckled.
The variety has a high yield. The tree tolerates frost well. With proper agricultural technology, one tree can produce up to 40 kg of fruit. Cherry Tyutchevka is partially self-fertile. Of the pollinators, such varieties of cherries as Iput, Raditsa, Revna are suitable.
Often there is such a phenomenon as a double cherry: berries fused with each other. Such a mutation comes from a lack of moisture and nutritional deficiency. If such berries are often found during harvesting, it is time to think about intensifying watering and additional feeding.
Important! Unexpected frosts in the spring can cause the death of more than half of the total number of ovaries.
The tree often suffers from fungal diseases, sometimes (in wet weather) it is noted gray rot fruits. This variety prefers neutral to alkaline soils and can grow well in nutrient-poor soil.
Among the mandatory care measures are the fight against fungal diseases, pruning and spraying from pests. This variety does not like excess moisture, so watering should be moderate.
Cherry processing in spring
The following advantages should be noted:
- sweet taste of berries;
- flower buds tolerate frost well;
- the tree is not demanding for feeding;
- the plant has a good yield;
- cherries are not demanding on moisture.
Among the shortcomings, it should be noted the susceptibility to fungal diseases and the fact that cracks appear on the berries from excess moisture.
Cherry loves warmth very much, so it should be planted in the spring, when the threat of sudden frosts has finally passed.
It is best to purchase seedlings in a nursery or from experienced gardeners. You need to buy only those shoots that have not yet opened buds.
Important! If an inexperienced gardener made a mistake and bought a plant whose buds are already open, the seedling should be planted as soon as possible in open ground Otherwise, it will dry out, not take root and quickly die.
A pit for planting cherry trees should be prepared in the fall, during the autumn digging of the garden. The nutrient mixture that is laid in the pit should be stored where it is cold, for example, in the basement. The main thing is that the room was closed and did not penetrate there. sunlight. However, if the basement is damp, it is absolutely impossible to store the soil mixture there: this can lead to the spread of the fungus.
Inexperienced gardeners often encounter cases of fraud in the seedling market. The scheme is quite simple: the seller takes any seedling intended for cultivation in the south, and says that it is zoned for the Middle Strip. Therefore, before making a purchase, it is better to consult with a specialist and study specialized literature. It is also necessary to carefully read the information on the label that is attached to the seedling.
Selection of seedlings
A few interesting facts for those who want and are ready to grow cherries.
The biggest cherry
The largest cherry in the world is considered to be a variety whose name speaks for itself - "Large-fruited". This variety was bred in the Ukrainian city of Melitopol.
The size of the fruit reaches 2 cm in diameter. Released in the late 1980s. Due to the large size of the berries, this variety is often grown for sale. The largest sweet cherry has a dessert taste and rich bright red color of berries; it can be easily recognized in the photo.
According to some sources, this is the largest cherry in the world. There are other large varieties of cherries, but their berries look less impressive.
The largest cherry in the world is the variety "Large-fruited Cherry"
The sweetest cherry
It should be borne in mind that the largest berry is not always the sweetest. The sweetest variety is the Yellow Cherry.
In addition to a pronounced dessert taste, its fruits are distinguished by an unusual color. Yellow cherries are beautiful and contain a large number of vitamins. However, due to the increased sweetness, the fruits of the Yellow Cherry often become a "tidbit" for thrushes and cherry flies.
In addition, the berries quickly deteriorate and do not tolerate transportation. But they are great for home preservation: making compotes, preserves and jams.
Yellow cherry is one of the sweetest
The latest cherry variety
The latest variety is Melitopol dense. The fruits reach full maturity only in the second decade of July. It is convenient that the berries ripen together, so you can harvest quickly and without hassle.
This variety has berries with hard, elastic pulp, they are well stored and perfectly tolerate transportation over long distances. This variety is often grown for sale. Melitopol dense sweet cherry is large and beautiful, it has a sweet taste with a barely noticeable sourness.
Planting late cherries is a great way to prolong the pleasure of enjoying fragrant delicious berries for a long time. In order for late varieties of sweet cherries to please the harvest, you need to choose a variety that is suitable for the climatic conditions of a particular region.
Juicy and tasty, loved by many, cherries in the garden can sometimes bring disappointment due to a small or missing crop. And the information on the selection of sweet cherry varieties is sometimes too complicated for perception. Therefore, to help beginners to lay a garden, a table has been developed with brief description varieties of sweet cherries with a photo and a list of pollinators. Recommendations for planting and caring for sweet cherries are also given.
Cherry varieties: photo with name and description
Cherry (Cerasus avium, bird cherry) is a valuable and the earliest fruit crop, exceeding the common cherry in yield. Cherry fruits ripen early, along with edible honeysuckle - in June, and due to early ripening they become a source of fresh natural vitamins for us and children already at the beginning of summer. The fruit of the plant is a single-celled drupe with a tasty juicy pericarp.
Cherry fruit buds come out of forced dormancy quite late, so the sweet cherry harvest is more stable than that of apricot and peach. The anthers and pistils of the cherry flower are better protected from spring frosts than those of the cherry.
The leaves of sweet cherries are large, oblong-oval or oblong-obovate with rounded red glands on the petioles. Trees can reach 20 meters in height favorable conditions live up to 100 years.
Most often, sweet cherries require a pollinator, as self-fertile varieties are rare. That is why sweet cherries often cause disappointment among amateur gardeners: they bought and planted a seedling, and then they wait and wait, but there is either no harvest, or it is extremely scarce. On the part of the sellers, of course, this is a big mistake and dishonesty. What, is it difficult to warn the buyer that the variety is cross-pollinated, so that later there are no questions “why does the cherry bear fruit poorly” or “why does it not bear fruit at all”? When selecting varieties, it is necessary to carefully study their description, pollinators should be given there. But, unfortunately, pollinators have not been selected and described for all even zoned varieties.
Nevertheless, there are self-fertile varieties and hybrids of sweet cherries, because selection does not stand still. Basically, these are cherries of a new generation, and they must be ordered from foreign catalogs:
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There are many classifications of cherries - according to the type of crown, fruit ripening time, pulp density, and so on. For convenience, here is a description of the varieties that deserve planting in amateur gardens. The selection is grouped by fruit color:
| Variety | Description | Pollinators |
| yellow cherry | ||
| Drogana Yellow (Bigarro Drogana, Late yellow)* | A vigorous tree with a dense pyramidal crown. The most winter-hardy tree with a wide area of growth; Large cream-colored fruits without a blush. The pulp is dense, pleasant sweet taste. The stone is poorly separated from the pulp. late deadline | Napoleon Rose, Griot of Ostheim (cherry), Bagration, Denissena Yellow, Gaucher, Cassini Early |
| Denissena Yellow (Bigarro yellow)  | A healthy, vigorous tree with a wide crown and somewhat drooping branches. Frost-resistant; The fruits of late ripening, with a light amber color, are very tender, often wrinkle when handled carelessly. The bone is separated; Transportability is low | Drogana yellow, Cassini early, South embankment, Gödelfingen |
| Leningrad yellow  | The tree is highly winter-hardy, vigorous, with a dense, wide-rounded crown; Late maturity. The fruits are golden amber in color. Transportability is average | Leningrad pink, Leningrad black, Dawn |
| Franz Joseph (Francis, Bigarro Franz Joseph)  | The tree is large with a pyramidal crown, sparse. Frost resistance is good; The fruit is amber in color with a thick skin, covered with a blush. | South embankment red, Drogana yellow, Zhabule |
| Amber  | A vigorous tree with a rounded pyramidal thickened crown; The fruits are golden yellow with dense pulp, with a pleasant slightly pronounced sourness. Mid-late maturity. The stone is semi-separable; Transportability is good | Iput, Northern, Ovstuzhenka, Gronkavaya |
 | The tree is vigorous with medium density. Winter-hardy and drought-resistant; The fruits are yellow with a light red blush. Pulp with pleasant Berries do not tolerate transportation over long distances | self fertile |
| General's  | A vigorous tree with a rounded crown. Winter-hardy; Fruits of medium ripening, yellow with carmine Fruits can be stored for about 4 days, but are of little use for | |
| black cherry | ||
| Tyutchevka  | A tree of medium size, with a rare rounded spreading crown; Fruits of medium-late ripening, dark red with dense red pulp. Dry detachment of the stalk; Transportable variety, fruits crack in rainy summer | the presence of the following varieties on the site increases the yield: Iput, Revna, Raditsa, Ovstuzhenka |
| South embankment red (Bigarro Dibera, Cypress black, South Coast)  | Pyramid-shaped tree, vigorous, hardy. It develops better in places protected from the wind; The fruit is black-brown-red in color with a pronounced longitudinal line of the ball. The flesh is dark red, tender, sweet with a thin slightly noticeable sourness. early ripening; Transportability is excellent, ripe fruits stay on the tree for a long time | Jaboulet, Franz Joseph, Napoleon rose: Early Cassini, April |
 | A tree of medium height, with a wide-pyramidal, well-leafed habit. Winter hardiness is good; Fruits of early ripening. The color of the fruit when fully ripe is almost black, the flesh is dark red, medium density. Detachment dry; transportable variety. In rainy seasons, the fruits crack | Revna, Tyutchevka, Raditsa, Bryansk pink, Ovstuzhenka |
| Leningradskaya Black  | The tree is highly winter-hardy, medium-sized; Medium late variety. Skin with dark red, almost black Transportability is high | Leningrad pink, Leningradskaya Yellow, Red Dense, Fatezh |
 | The tree is medium. High winter hardiness; The fruits are dark red, almost black. Dense dark red In rainy times, the fruits do not crack, | Partially self-fertile, but at times increases the yield by the presence of the following varieties on the site: Ovstuzhenka, Iput, Tyutchevka, Raditsa |
| Ovstudenka  | The tree is medium-sized, rounded, of medium density. Winter hardiness is high; Fruits are dark red early ripening. pulp In humid summer, the fruits do not crack, it is easy | Partially self-fertile, but at times increases the yield by the presence of the following varieties on the site: Iput, Revna, Tyutchevka, Raditsa |
| large-fruited  | A vigorous tree with a rounded crown of medium density. Winter hardiness is quite high; The fruits are dark red, large with a sweet and sour taste. The stone is medium separated from the pulp. The stalk is separated with a dry separation; Transportability is good | Surprise, Francis, Dibera black, Bigarro Oratovsky |
| pink cherry | ||
| Napoleon Pink (Bigarro Napoleon, Esperena cherry)  | Medium-sized tree with a rare pyramidal crown. Low winter hardiness; Average ripening period. Fruits are yellow with cherry red With excess moisture, the fruits crack | Drogana yellow |
| Leningradskaya Pink  | Tall tree with a lush crown. It withstands winter cold well; Medium-late ripening with very sweet fruits, on the illuminated side a pronounced dark pink blush. The pulp is creamy, sweet with a slight acidity. The stone is well separated from the pulp; Transportability is high | Red Dense, Adeline |
| red cherry | ||
| Krasnodar Early  | The tree is strong or medium-sized with a rounded oval, dense crown. Frost resistance is good; Fruits of the earliest terms of maturing, dark red color with red dense pulp. The stone is easily separated from the pulp. The fruits become smaller when the tree is overloaded with a crop. Separation of the peduncle from the fruit is dry, light; | Not found in sources, might fit varieties with high-quality pollen: Ovstuzhenka, Tyutchevka, Krymskaya, Iput and the new self-fertile variety Lapinz |
 | The tree is medium tall with a rounded spreading crown of medium density. Frost resistance is good; The fruits are red, medium early ripening. The flesh is light pink with a sweet and sour taste; Good fruit transportability | Not found in sources, might fit varieties with high-quality pollen: Ovstuzhenka, Tyutchevka, Krymskaya, Iput and the new self-fertile variety Lapinz |
| Melitopol early  | The tree is medium tall, with a medium thickened oval crown. Winter-hardy; Fruits of medium early ripening, red to dark red with dense pulp, the seeds are well separated from the pulp; Transportable grade | Franz Joseph, Bigarro Oratovsky, Dibera black, Large-fruited, Resort, Surprise, |
 | A vigorous tree with a rounded spreading crown. Frost resistance is average; An early variety with dark red fruits and dense dark cherry flesh. Sweet with a pleasant slight sourness. The bone separates well; Fruits are transportable | Not found in sources, might fit varieties with high-quality pollen: Ovstuzhenka, Tyutchevka, Krymskaya, Iput and the new self-fertile variety Lapinz |
| Italian  | A tree with a pyramidal crown of medium height; Fruits of early ripening with dessert taste, large, dark red, well separated from the stone; Transportability is excellent | Not found in sources, possibly a self-fertile variety |
* In the table, the synonyms of varieties are given in brackets.
An interesting observation is given by the Donetsk Experimental Station: when joint landing cherries and sweet cherries, the best pollination of cherry trees is observed. This is due to the fact that cherry trees bloom earlier than cherry trees, and their pollen is durable and remains on insects for a long time. Therefore, they are better pollinated when cherries come into bloom.
Sweet cherry: planting and care
Cherries are demanding on soil, heat and light. It prefers air- and moisture-permeable soils rich in organic matter, does not tolerate stagnant waters. Piedmont zones are very suitable for growing sweet cherries. It is thermophilic, therefore it works well in the Crimea, the Caucasus, Moldova, southern Ukraine, and southern Kazakhstan.
Sweet cherries are suitable for the middle parts of warm slopes with a southeastern and southwestern exposure, closed from the prevailing winds. On the plains, it is severely damaged by frost and cannot be recommended for industrial cultivation. But in home gardening, it is cultivated in such conditions, warming the trunk. Cherries are not suitable for areas with close occurrence ground water and flooded areas.
When planting seedlings, the rule common to all stone fruits is observed - the root collar (not to be confused with the grafting site) is not deepened. It is best to plant during the period when the plant is resting - in spring or autumn. Before planting, it is advisable to dip the roots of a seedling with an open root system in a "talker" (a thick solution of clay with mullein) to heal the damage.
A prerequisite for a good survival rate of young sweet cherries is pruning by a third of the length of all shoots. This must be done in order to balance the growth of the seedling in the first year after planting. After all, its roots are badly damaged, and if pruning is not carried out, the plant that has begun to grow will draw nutrients from the bark, which will greatly weaken the cherry seedling.
Landing is carried out in a small mound, or level with the ground, to prevent the accumulation of flood waters. When planting, each layer of soil is abundantly shed, and after planting is completed, the upper level is abundantly mulched with plant residues, or the turf is returned (in this case, at the beginning of work, the upper turf layer is carefully laid on the litter). In traditional agricultural technology, it is recommended to keep the land around young cherry plantings under fallow, but in practice natural farming bare land is not welcome due to soil erosion and drying out.
For the natural protection of sweet cherries from coccomycosis in trunk circles it is useful to plant lilies of the valley (cherries also like this neighborhood, by the way). These ground covers are somewhat aggressive - although they do not grow immediately, but with age they can run away outside the allotted place. To curb their growth, it is better to immediately dig in a curb tape, or provide for laying paths from slabs and other limiters. Try to do this in the first years of the tree's life, so as not to disturb the roots of the cherry later.
Pruning young cherries
It is not uncommon for amateur sites to see cherry trees a la pyramidal poplar, where the entire crop has fled to the periphery to the crown, and the owners are simply afraid to pick it. Therefore, when growing cherry trees, it is paramount to form a crown from a very young age, since sweet cherries are characterized by strong growth and weak shoot formation.
When pruning young sweet cherries, they try to give the tree a sparse-tiered shape on a trunk of 50 cm. It is advisable to leave 3-4 branches in each tier when laying the crown, and make the distance between tiers about 50 cm. using clippings on a weak side branch.
In the first 5 years after planting, a strong shortening of the shoots is used, the main purpose of which is to reduce growth and provoke branching. At the same time, weak branches up to 20 cm are not shortened, and extra branches and competitors of conductors (the so-called wen or tops) are removed to the ring.
Shortening of branches at the fruiting age is not used; if necessary, thinning and sanitary pruning is carried out. In an aging garden, when no growth is observed for a couple of years, gradual rejuvenating pruning is allowed: skeletal branches are cut off with a transfer to strong lateral branches of 2-3 years of age.
Well, if you missed the shaping time and the crown ran high up, pick up a hacksaw with a stepladder and study the tree reduction scheme
How to warm cherry seedlings for the winter
Separately, in the care of cherries, it is worth noting the pre-winter warming of trunks in windy and flat unprotected areas. Preparing for the winter of the sweet cherry is carried out mainly after the first snow, when the leaves stuck by frost begin to be shed. The trunk and part of the skeletal branches of the tree are wrapped with agrofiber or cardboard. So be prepared for what the first couple of years is extremely necessary on windy open areas at warm cherry seedlings for the winter.
How to protect cherries from birds
And the last thing: the fruits of the sweet cherry are willingly pecked by birds (where, in fact, the Latin name “bird cherry” came from). Therefore, the correct reduced formation of the crown will facilitate the task of protecting the crop - it will be easier to throw a protective net on the tree to protect the cherry from birds. The berries are pecked by all and sundry - starlings, titmouse, and even their chicks.
There is another popular way of protection - onion. 4-5 large onions are cut in half and fastened between the branches of a tree.
Here is a brief and all the information on how to choose a sweet cherry for planting. Although this data for "advanced" gardeners does not seem new, this is just a convenient form for beginners, shown in the table. The information will allow you to identify your favorite varieties of cherries from a photo with a name and description. We hope it will be easier for you to navigate when selecting cherry varieties for laying a new garden. Good luck with this difficult undertaking!
The materials of VNIISPK (All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Breeding) were used. fruit crops) and the sources cited on the page "
The best varieties of cherries are a relative concept, since in warm regions - in Ukraine, in the south of Russia - more heat-loving plants are common, but residents of the Leningrad Region and the Moscow Region need to select frost-resistant varieties.
In addition, someone loves sweet, and someone - with sourness; someone crispy, and someone softer; there are adherents of black varieties of cherries, pink, yellow, with a red barrel ... There are a great many varieties of cherries! How not to get lost among this variety and choose the best variety of cherries just for you - we will figure it out in this article.
Cherry varieties: classifications
Classification of cherries according to ripening
You can provide yourself with sweet juicy fruits for almost the whole summer - from the end of June to August. To do this, you need to create in your garden a collection of early-ripening varieties of cherries (ripen around the end of June), mid-ripening (ripen around mid-July) and late-ripening varieties (ripening time - early August).
Early ripe cherry varieties - Iput, Gronkavaya, Early Pink, Valery Chkalov, Skazka, Chance, Ruby Early, Elektra, Ariadna, Chermashnaya;
Mid-season cherry varieties - Tyutchevka, Leningradskaya pink, Rechitsa, Revna, Fatezh, Chernyshevsky's memory, Ovstuzhenka, Orlovskaya Pink, Veda, Adelina, Poetry, Pink Pearl, Dneprovka, Dilemma;
Late-ripening varieties of sweet cherries - Prestigious, Leningrad black, Red dense, Bryansk Pink, Orion, Romance, Turovtsev's favorite.
Classification of cherries by fruit color
Black (dark red cherry): Veda, Adelina, Tyutchevka, Bryanochka, Revna, Raditsa, Leningradskaya Chernaya, Iput, Gronkavaya, Ariadna, Ovstuzhenka, Rechitsa, Michurinka;
yellow cherry: Chermashnaya, Drogana yellow, Homestead yellow, Red dense (yellow cherry with a red barrel);
pink cherry: Leningrad pink, Early pink, Oryol pink, Bryansk pink, Fatezh;
orange cherry: Pink pearl;
Classification of cherry varieties according to taste
Sweet cherry: Michurinskaya, Raditsa, Ovstuzhenka, Tyutchevka, Rechitsa, Leningrad black, Chermashnaya, Iput, Gronkavaya, Bryansk pink, Ariadna, Revna;
Sweet cherry with sourness: Early pink, Poetry, Orlovskaya pink, Fatezh, Pink pearls.
Classification of cherries according to the structure of the pulp
Conventionally, according to the density of the pulp, the sweet cherry is divided into two groups - with tender, soft pulp (ghini) or dense, crispy (bigarro).
Gini cherry varieties: Early pink, Oryol pink, Lningrad black, Leningrad pink, Chermashnaya, Iput;
Varieties of bigarro cherries: Michurinka, Poetry, Fatezh, Rechitsa, Bryansk Rose, Ariadna.
Description of varieties of sweet cherries with a photo
Description of varieties of cherries with a photo
Cherry variety Drogana yellow
Drogan cherry yellow
Yellow Drogan Cherry yellow - mid-season frost-resistant variety bigarro groups. The variety is highly adaptive, can grow in Belarus, and in the North Caucasus, and in Central Asia. The fruits of the Drogana yellow cherry variety are heart-shaped, weight - 6-7 grams, the flesh is light yellow, the juice is almost transparent.
Features of the Drogana yellow cherry variety:
- Drogana yellow cherry tree is tall, with a spreading crown. Keep this in mind if the area is small;
- very thin skin of the fruit. On the one hand, it is much more pleasant to eat berries with delicate skin, on the other hand, such cherries are poorly suited for transportation or freezing, and the fruits can crack on the tree. The stone is not separated from the pulp;
- high productivity. Moreover, all the fruits reach at the same time, they do not fall off on their own;
- high drought resistance and frost resistance;
- Drogana Yellow is not a self-pollinated variety, so other varieties of cherries will need to be planted in the garden;
- Susceptible to cherry fly damage.
Cherry variety Homestead Yellow
Cherry homestead yellow
Homestead Cherry Yellow belongs to early ripe varieties bigaro groups. The average weight of one berry is 5-6 grams, the pulp and skin are yellow, the pulp is sweet with sourness. This variety is perfect for the conditions of central Russia. Likes black soil.
Features of sweet cherry varieties "Homestead yellow"
- self-pollinated variety, that is, it can do without pollinating neighbors;
- begins to bear fruit quite late - in the 6th year (ordinary sweet cherries - in the 4-5th year);
- extremely productive variety;
- despite the fact that Homestead yellow is an early ripe variety, it is not afraid of frost;
- not susceptible to fungal diseases or cherry fly damage;
- it reproduces very actively, therefore it will cause a lot of trouble with pruning and removal of shoots. In addition, the crown of the tree is very lush.
Cherry variety Rechitsa
Cherry Rechitsa
Cherry Rechitsa belongs to the mid-season varieties of the bigarro group, sweet in taste, frost-resistant. The weight of the berries reaches 6 grams, the pulp is dark red, the stone is easily separated from the pulp. The tree itself is of medium height. Cherry Rechitsa is relatively unpretentious to the soil, great for central Russia.
Features of the variety Rechitsa
- frost-resistant variety, not susceptible to diseases;
- trees-pollinators are needed (Adelina, Ovstuzhenka, Pink pearls);
- not very prolific variety - one tree will give no more than 15 kg of sweet cherry.
Sweet cherry variety Leningradskaya Black
Sweet cherry Leningradskaya black
Leningradskaya black belongs to the mid-season varieties of the gini group. The berry tastes sweet, but not large - 3-4 grams, the bone does not separate from the pulp. The height of the tree is up to 3.5 meters.
Features of black cherries Leningradskaya:
- low winter hardiness;
- not capable of self-pollination (best planted in tandem with varieties Revna, Veda, Tyutchevka, Bryanochka, Iput);
- medium prolific varieties - up to 20 kg of sweet cherries are harvested from one tree.
Cherry variety Ovstuzhenka
Cherry Ovstuzhenka
Cherry Ovstuzhenka belongs to mid-season varieties, the berries weigh 6-7 grams, very juicy and sweet. The variety is suitable for growing in the south of the Non-Black Earth Region.
Features of Ovstuzhenka sweet cherry:
- berries are not prone to cracking;
- the variety is quite frost-resistant, not susceptible to diseases;
- relatively low yield - from one tree no more than 15 kg;
- not capable of self-pollination (recommended to plant in a pair with Tyutchevka, Revna, Raditsa, Iput).
Sweet cherry variety Leningrad pink
Cherry Leningradskaya pink is a mid-season variety of the Gini group. The berries are quite small, about 3.5 grams, the pulp is very tender, yellowish, the skin is yellow with a ruddy side. Leningrad pink is suitable for growing in the northwestern and central Non-Black Earth Region.
Features of the variety Leningrad pink:
- the tree is quite tall with a lush crown;
- not capable of self-pollination (it is recommended to plant in tandem with Chernyshevsky's memory varieties, Pink Pearls, Rechitsa, Adelina);
- medium yield - from one tree no more than 15 kg.
Cherry variety Tyutchevka
Cherry Tyutchevka
Cherry Tyutchevka belongs to mid-season varieties. Berries weighing about 5 grams, the stone is poorly separated from the pulp. Tree of medium height, extremely resistant to disease and cold. Cherries of the Tyutchevka variety are recommended to be grown in the south of the Non-Black Earth Region.
Features of Tyutchevka sweet cherry:
- average yield - up to 15 kg per tree;
- well suited for transportation or freezing;
- not capable of self-pollination (planted in tandem with Ovstuzhenka, Iput, Raditsa).
Cherry varieties Revna
Cherry Revna
Cherry Revna belongs to mid-season varieties. The berry is dark red, almost black in color, weighs 4.5-5 grams, the stone separates well from the pulp, the pulp is quite dense. The height of the tree is medium. Cherry Revna feels good in the south and in the center of the Non-Black Earth Region of the Russian Federation.
Features of cherry Revna
- partially self-fertile variety, but for abundant fruiting it is necessary to plant in a pair with Tyutchevka, Iput, Raditsa, Ovstuzhenka;
- winter-hardy variety, not susceptible to diseases;
- excellent for transportation and freezing;
- magnificent, plentiful fruiting - up to 30 kg of fruits from one tree.
Sweet cherry varieties Iput
Cherry Iput
Cherry Iput belongs to the early ripe varieties of the Gini group. The fruit weighs 5-5.4 grams, the sweet pulp is poorly separated from the stone. Tree of medium height with a wide crown. Sweet cherry Iput is recommended for cultivation in the south and in the center of the Non-Black Earth Region.
Features of cherry variety Iput:
- fantastic yield - up to 30 kg of fruit per tree;
- extreme frost resistance - can withstand up to -32 degrees below zero;
- resistant to fungal diseases;
- partially capable of self-pollination. For a regular and good harvest, you need to plant next to the cherries varieties Ovstuzhenka, Raditsa, Revna, Bryansk pink.
Fatezh cherries
Cherry Fatezh
Cherry Fatezh belongs to the mid-season varieties of the Bigaro group. Berries weigh about 4.3 grams, sweet and sour. Tree of medium height with a spherical crown and beautiful drooping branches. Cherries of the Fatezh variety are best grown in the south in the center of the Non-Black Earth Region.
Features of Fatezh cherries
- buds are not very frost-resistant, unlike the trunk and branches;
- productivity can reach 30 kg from one tree;
- not susceptible to diseases, in particular - rot;
- a self-fertile variety, you should choose Ovstuzhenka, Iput, Raditsa as neighbors.
Sweet cherry varieties Bryansk pink
Sweet cherry Bryansk pink
Sweet cherry Bryansk pink belongs to the late-ripening varieties of the bigarro group. The berry weighs about 5 grams, the pulp is sweet, Pink colour, a small bone is not separated from the pulp. Sweet cherry Bryansk pink feels good in the central part of the Non-Black Earth Region.
Features of the variety Bryansk pink:
- kidneys are not resistant to frost, and the trunk and skeletal branches are resistant;
- due to the peculiarities of the crown, the tree practically does not need pruning;
- high yield - up to 30 kg per tree4
- berries are not prone to cracking.
- not able to self-pollinate, Ovstuzhenka, Revna, Tyutchevka, Iput should be planted in the neighborhood.
Of course, this is far from full list, but we examined the most popular varieties of cherries.
For many lovers, size is not the main thing in fruits, as they are valued, first of all, taste qualities. Over the past 15 years, more than 80 varieties have been bred with a sugar content above 5%, which is a very good indicator for such fruits. They immediately gained great popularity among summer residents and began to spread not only throughout Russia, but also to other countries. To your attention the brightest representatives of this class.
- Cherries Julia. It is a very tasty fruit that should grow in every summer resident who loves to eat sweets. 5.9% sugar, over 2% ascorbic acid make it extremely tasty, useful. The pulp is firm, slightly crunchy. For many years of cultivation in Russia, it has established itself as a reliable, proven, constantly fruiting option. Unfortunately, it will not work out with a large number of berries, but you can count on 15-20 kg from one adult tree, and both in a fruitful year and not very much. The crown is not sprawling, the branches are directed upwards, do not hang down, which greatly complicates the harvest in the middle of summer. Cherry late (medium late), has excellent resistance to pests, as well as diseases, only 1 treatment with pesticides from caterpillars is required throughout the season.
- Cherries Yaroslavna. If you want to grow a really tasty fruit at home or in the country - Yaroslavna best suited for this. The average sugar content is up to 14.2%, which is a record for domestic breeding options. It competes with European trees, because, among other things, it gives up to 60 kg from one tree. That is why it has become the choice of many gardeners, farmers who are seriously engaged in growing products for sale and export. The keeping quality is very good, it does not crack when ripe, it tolerates prolonged rains very well, it can be on the tree after technical maturation for another couple of weeks. All late varieties of cherries cannot be compared with it in this category, for which it has earned such popularity in Russia.
- Cherries Ostozhenka is another representative of the "delicious" category. It contains up to 13% sugars, at the stage of technical ripeness it has an unsurpassed taste, it is perfect for preserving, preparing desserts, dishes, selling on the market (it has excellent keeping quality) or simply for eating raw. On this, its advantages, perhaps, end. The disadvantages include low yield (collection of 25 kg from one tree can already be considered a record), its poor resistance to frost (up to -20C), as well as poor biological protection against pests. It requires careful care, otherwise it will bear little fruit.
The above options are not in vain so popular. They not only give delicious berries, but have excellent resistance to pests, tolerate cold winters and temperature extremes, which cannot be said about large-fruited varieties. The load on the branches is small, it is easy to form a crown, they grow with minimal care, they constantly give average yields.
The most large-fruited trees, their characteristics
If you want to grow fruits with an excellent presentation and sell them more expensive, then you need to pay attention to the following description of sweet cherries. They do not have any supernatural taste, their yield is average or slightly above average, but the mass of fruits is much greater than ordinary berries. To your attention a few descriptions of the "heavyweights" in alphabetical order.
- Cherries bull heart. One of the most large-fruited, the weight of one berry can reach 8 grams, which is an unprecedented result for 90% of all results of domestic selection, foreign selection. The crown has a pyramidal appearance, and the natural neglect is small. The only negative is that the fruits crack when ripe, especially if wet weather alternates with dry, hot wind outside. Great taste, slight acidity. It has dark color, excellent trade dress. Poorly transported, low keeping quality, high winter hardiness, easily tolerates frosts down to -25 degrees.
- Cherries Dibera black. It bears fruit only for the 5th year of growth, but immediately gives 7-9 kg per plant. For the 11th year, it bears fruit in full and it is possible to harvest up to 60 kg from one tree, due to this, the yield per hectare reaches 90 centners. One of the biggest advantages of this tree is the size of the fruit - the average weight reaches 6.6 grams, which is a lot for this type of fruit. Sweet, up to 12% sugar, at the stage of technical ripeness it has a black color, as well as a characteristic smell, which is much stronger than usual. It is in great demand in the market, as it has an excellent presentation, is well transported and lies for several weeks. It does not crack in normal weather, but some fruits may crack during rain if the fruit is ripe. Dibera surpasses the best varieties cherries of European selection, especially in terms of fruit weight. This " must have” of every summer resident!
- Italian. It is difficult to imagine early varieties of sweet cherries without this bright representative, whose fruit weight is 6.8 grams, with some fruits having 8 grams. A worthy competitor to the best Dutch options, which is very popular in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Iran. It is grown in the temperate climate zone and hotter regions, does not require large amounts of water and fertilizers, and gives stable, albeit small, yields. Up to 80 c/ha can be harvested even in drought and lean years. That is why it is recommended for industrial cultivation. Resistance to pests is excellent, although the keeping quality of fruits leaves much to be desired - in a few weeks they rot and are poorly transported at the stage of technical ripeness.
Large-fruited varieties have, as a rule, low resistance to insect pests and do not tolerate sudden changes in temperature. They are noticeably weaker and difficult to take root, so if you are going to breed them and want to surprise your neighbors with huge fruits, you will have to work hard. All specimens begin to bear fruit in the 4th year, sometimes you can get a few berries “per tooth” earlier.
record harvests are harvested in Iran (55 t/ha). The following varieties give up to 50-60 kg per tree, due to which they are the best options for the subsequent sale of products to the market or wholesale points.
- Cherries Russian girl. An unusual fruit from the point of view of many gardeners is a black cherry, and its shape is cone-shaped. One of its main advantages is high yield - up to 115 centners average and 250 maximum. At good care and abundant watering, it can easily produce up to 50 kg from one tree, and this is far from the limit. The sugar content is 11%, which also makes it one of the sweetest, tastiest in the territory. Russian Federation and other neighboring countries. The crown is sprawling, wide, the branches bend down under the weight of fruits, in some cases supports are required, since they break off in high winds - this is perhaps the only disadvantage of this variety. Frost resistance is average - it can withstand up to -25 degrees throughout the winter.
- Cherry variety Revna. Very recognizable in Russia, it has a light skin and dense flesh. Due to its yield up to 30 t/ha, it has become one of the most the best options for local farmers. Cherries Revna,
Sweet cherry is an ancient form of cherry, which is grown in the southern regions, including Russia. The culture is valued for fruits that have a table purpose, a rich vitamin composition and are suitable for canning.
Cherry features
According to the botanical description, the sweet cherry is a tree that grows rapidly. The crown has a rounded ovoid shape. Trunk diameter from 60 cm, shoots of brown or brown color.
Types of cherries: photo
All varieties of this crop are divided into 2 types: bigarro and gini.
Bigarros are distinguished by dense pulp and colorless juice. They have a dessert purpose, however, they are also suitable for processing. Due to the dense pulp, the berries do not boil soft, they are used to make compotes and jams. This includes varieties of medium and late ripening.
Photo of red cherry bigarro:
Gini is a variety with a delicate sweet pulp. They are poorly stored and do not tolerate long transportation. Therefore, it is recommended to find applications for them immediately after removal from the tree. These include early hybrids with pink, cream or yellow flesh. Gini have a dessert purpose, they make delicious juice.
Gini fruits in the photo:
How cherry blossoms
Sweet cherry produces bisexual flowers white color that appear before the leaves. Buds bloom from early to late May, depending on the variety and weather conditions. The flowering period takes from 14 to 25 days. The flowers are collected in umbellate inflorescences of 2-3 pcs. They consist of 5 petals, located freely, one pistil and many stamens.
What are the leaves of the cherry
The tree has green leaves, elliptical or obovate, pointed and serrated. Petioles with glands located at the base of the plate. The width of the sheet plate is from 8 cm, length - from 15 cm.
When the cherry gives the first harvest
The start of fruiting falls on 5-6 years after planting. Early-growing seedlings give a crop for 3-4 years. The first harvests are low, however, over time, the tree produces more fruits. Peak fruiting occurs at 10 years.
Cherry ripening time
The fruiting of the tree occurs in June-July. Harvest times may vary due to weather conditions.
According to the ripening time, there are 3 main groups of cherries:
- early;
- mid-season;
- late.
Pollinators
Most varieties are self-fertile. For the formation of the crop, the presence of pollinators with the same flowering period is required. They are located at a distance of 3-4 m from each other. If it is not possible to place several trees on the site, use one strong stock. 2-3 necessary hybrids are grafted to it. Pollination occurs with the participation of bees and other insects. Planting honey plants helps to attract them.
For the formation of ovaries, other conditions must be met:
- stable temperature around 15 °C;
- dry weather;
- lack of heat.
Where do cherries grow
Sweet cherry prefers warm sunny regions and is found in Southern Europe, Turkey, Iran, Crimea, Asia Minor. The culture is planted in America and Australia.
In Russia, culture is grown in many regions:
- Central;
- Central Black Earth;
- North Caucasian;
- Volga region.
Getting new winter-hardy varieties allowed to expand the area of distribution of cherries. Therefore, it began to be planted in the North-West region, in the Urals and in Siberia. A tree needs to grow good lighting, fertile loose soil, moderate watering and no moisture stagnation. Under these conditions, the culture actively grows and brings a high yield.
All varieties are classified according to a number of characteristics: fruit color, ripening period, tree height, fruit size and taste, self-fertility.
yellow cherry
Yellow fruits have a good taste, however, they are not suitable for long-term storage. The color of the berries is uniform yellow, without blush.
The best yellow varieties:
- Chermashnaya. winter hardy early hybrid with immunity to disease. The fruits are round, weighing 4.5 g. The taste is sweet, however, there is a slight sourness.
- Summer resident. A vigorous tree with a spreading crown. The berries are one-dimensional, enlarged, reach 8-9 g. The skin is thin and shiny. Taste was rated 4.6 points. The crop is well transported and little susceptible to the attack of the cherry fly.
- Drogana is yellow. The variety was bred in Germany, it is distinguished by high quality fruits and yields. Berries weighing 6.5-8 g, yellow in color. The pulp is dense, light yellow, taste qualities are estimated at 4.3 points.
- Homestead yellow. Tall fast growing tree. The berries are 2x2 cm in size, rounded, the flesh is juicy and cartilaginous. Productive and winter-hardy variety.
pink cherry
Pink varieties have yellow or cream-colored berries with a bright blush. Such fruits are used fresh or for making juices.
Common pink hybrids:
- Bryansk pink. Late-ripening variety with fruits weighing 4-5.5 g. The berries are round, the skin is pink, the flesh is yellow.
- Fatezh. The tree bears one-dimensional rounded fruits of yellow-pink color. The taste is dessert, sourness is felt.
- Pink pearl. A hybrid of medium winter hardiness and moderate vigor. Fruits weighing up to 6.5 g are rounded, orange-pink in color with a bright tan. The flesh is pink, juicy and sweet.
- Julia. A tree with heart-shaped fruits, weighing 6-8 g. The pulp is dense, juicy, the taste is simple, sweet and sour. The main color is cream, however, there is a bright pink blush.
- Oryol pink. Srednerosly variety of sweet cherries with fruits measuring 17x17x18 mm. The flesh and skin are pink. Evaluation of taste qualities - 4.4 points.
red cherry
Most varieties have red fruits. In a separate group, varieties with berries of rich red, almost black color can be distinguished.
Characteristics of cherry varieties:
- Ipath. A tree with large berries weighing 5-9 g. The color is burgundy, becomes almost black as it ripens, contains a lot of juice.
- Poetry. Srednerosly hybrid with fruits weighing 5.5-6 g. The pulp is creamy, cartilaginous, compacted.
- Revna. The plant produces dark red berries with dense juicy pulp. The taste is sweet, rated at 4.9 points.
- Russian girl. The variety has dark red, almost black berries, weighing from 4 to 7 g. The taste is high.
- Tyutchevka. Productive tree, bearing fruits weighing up to 7.5 g. The shape of the berries is wide-round, the color is dark red.
white cherry
White cherries produce a creamy or yellowish color with a slight blush. Berries are consumed fresh, they are not suitable for freezing and long-term storage. Such fruits have a delicate taste and are rich in ascorbic acid.
The best varieties of sweet cherries with white fruits:
- Bordeaux white. Winter-hardy hybrid, late fruiting. Berries do not tolerate transportation. The tree is treated against gray rot and cherry fly.
- Winkler white. A tall variety that bears early. Fruits with a thin translucent skin of a pale yellow color, a blush appears in the sun.
- Zaslonovskaya. A medium sized tree that yields early dates. The pulp is tender cream color, has a sweet refreshing taste.
early cherry varieties
The best early ripe varieties:
- Yellow super early. Fruiting begins in the first half of June. The berries are one-dimensional, lemon-colored, the pulp has a dessert taste, without bitterness.
- April is very early variety sweet cherry fruiting at the end of May. The winter hardiness of the tree and the taste of the berries are average.
- Raditsa. A low growing tree resistant to disease and frost. The yield is stable and high.
- Valery Chkalov. Black-fruited early sweet cherry with large fruits. The tree is vigorous, has increased winter hardiness.
- Bigarro Burlat. An industrial early hybrid with decent taste and commercial qualities.
Early ripe cherries bloom in early May, and give a harvest at the end of June. It is grown in warm regions, as the flowers can be seriously affected by return frosts. At the same time, early varieties are less likely to suffer from the attack of the cherry fly and other insects. Among these varieties, the red-fruited Iput and Ovstuzhenka are also popular.
Mid-season varieties of cherries
Mid-season cherry blossoms in the second decade of May. Fruiting begins in mid-July. Such varieties have a universal application and good taste, they are stored and transported without problems.
Popular representatives of this group:
- Adeline. Medium-sized tree with quality fruits. Differs in the increased productivity and precocity.
- Rechitsa. Winter-hardy and fruitful hybrid, resistant to fungal diseases.
- Teremoshka. The tree brings a stable high yield. The berries are large and do not crack and have a good taste.
- French black. An old industrial variety, stands out for its high quality and presentation of fruits.
- Rechitsa. Brings high and regular yields. It has a high immunity to fungal infections.
Late cherry varieties
Late varieties bloom from the second half of May. The crop is harvested in late July-August. Due to the dense skin, they are well transported, have an excellent taste and universal purpose.
The best late-ripening hybrids:
- Veda. Weak winter-hardy tree with dark fruits.
- Brianochka. Winter-hardy and productive hybrid, resistant to coccomycosis.
- Leningrad black. The latest cherry, after ripening, the berries hang on the branches for a long time, until September.
- Michurinka. Differs in productivity and resistance to frosts. With preventive treatments, the tree is little susceptible to disease.
- Astakhov's favorite. Disease and frost resistant. Berries are sweet large good taste.
large cherry
Popular varieties with large fruits:
- Vasilisa. The tree is vigorous with berries weighing 12-14 g. The harvest is distinguished by bright red color, dense and fleshy pulp, good dessert taste.
- Annushka. A hybrid with berries weighing 9-10 g, burgundy in color and dense pulp.
- Large-fruited. Sweet cherries of medium ripening with fruits weighing 10-11 g. Burgundy color, wide-round shape, juicy pulp.
- Italian. Medium-sized tree with burgundy berries. The pulp is dense, has a dessert taste.
- Aelita. It bears fruits weighing 8-10 g with a yellow skin and a pronounced blush. The pulp is sweet, yellow, with honey aroma.
The most fruitful varieties of cherries are described in the video:
dwarf cherry
Dwarf varieties of cherries reach a height of 2 m. They are easy to care for: spray, cut shoots, cover for the winter and harvest. It is also practiced to grow a crop on a dwarf rootstock. Such plants are formed in the form of a multi-stemmed bush. A grafted tree begins to bear fruit earlier - usually 3-4 years after grafting. The life of the scion is about 10 years, after which it outgrows and requires replacement.
Sweet cherry varieties
The taste of the pulp is affected by the content of sugar and organic acids. Each variety is given a tasting score on a 5-point scale. The sweetest hybrids received 4.8-5 points.
Popular varieties of cherries with a sweet taste:
- Brianochka;
- Napoleon black;
- Ariadne;
- Bychina;
- Donetsk beauty;
- Tyutchevka;
- Revna;
- Poetry.
Self-fertile cherries
In self-fertile cherries, the formation of berries occurs without the participation of pollinators. In such varieties, up to 40% of fruits are tied. Hybrids have partial self-fertility, in which this indicator is 5-10%. To increase the yield, it is recommended to plant at least one pollinator on the site.
Popular self-fertile varieties:
- Big Star. The tree bears fruit in mid-late periods. Berries are large dark red with fragrant sweet pulp.
- Celeste. Canadian vigorous hybrid with large fruits. The pulp is dense red sweet and sour. Ripening occurs in the second decade of June.
- Ox heart. Partially self-fertile variety, productive and frost-resistant. Berries are sweet, however? susceptible to cracking in high humidity.
- Bereket. The variety is partially self-fertile. The tree is resistant to drought and winter frosts. Fruits weighing about 6 g with tender sweet and sour pulp.
- Goryanka. Partially self-fertile hybrid, productive and resistant to frost. Berries have a trade dress and good taste.
- Pridonskaya. Early ripe sweet cherry, giving a stable harvest. Universal fruits.
Conclusion
Sweet cherries are valued by gardeners for their sweet, versatile fruit. There are many varieties of this crop: with yellow and red fruits, early, medium and late fruiting. The choice of sweet cherries for planting depends on the climatic conditions of the region, the presence of a pollinator and free space on the site.
