Fig, fig, fig tree - these are all names of the same plant, which we strongly associate with Mediterranean life. Anyone who has ever tasted fig fruits knows how delicious they are. But, in addition to their delicate sweet taste, they are also very beneficial for health. And here's an interesting detail: it turns out that figs are completely unpretentious plant. In addition, it can be successfully grown on a plot in middle lane or in the house - in a container.
Quite often, difficulties in growing tomato seedlings arise even among experienced summer residents. For some, all the seedlings turn out to be elongated and weak, for others, they suddenly begin to fall and die. The thing is that it is difficult to maintain ideal conditions for growing seedlings in an apartment. Seedlings of any plants need to be provided with plenty of light, sufficient humidity and optimal temperature. What else do you need to know and observe when growing tomato seedlings in an apartment?
Delicious vinaigrette with apple and sauerkraut - a vegetarian salad made from boiled and chilled, raw, pickled, salted, pickled vegetables and fruits. The name comes from the French vinegar sauce, olive oil and mustard (vinaigrette). Vinaigrette appeared in Russian cuisine not so long ago, around the beginning of the 19th century; perhaps the recipe was borrowed from Austrian or German cuisine, since the ingredients for Austrian herring salad are very similar.
When we dreamily sort through bright packets of seeds in our hands, we are sometimes subconsciously convinced that we have a prototype of the future plant. We mentally allocate a place for it in the flower garden and look forward to the cherished day of the appearance of the first bud. However, buying seeds does not always guarantee that you will eventually get the desired flower. I would like to draw attention to the reasons why seeds may not sprout or die at the very beginning of germination.
Spring is coming, and gardeners have more work to do, and with the onset of warmer weather, changes in the garden occur rapidly. The buds are already beginning to swell on plants that were still dormant yesterday, and everything is literally coming to life before our eyes. After a long winter, this is good news. But along with the garden, its problems come to life - insect pests and pathogens. Weevils, flower beetles, aphids, clasterosporiosis, maniliosis, scab, powdery mildew - the list could go on for a very long time.
Breakfast toast with avocado and egg salad is a great way to start the day. The egg salad in this recipe acts as a thick sauce that is seasoned with fresh vegetables and shrimp. My egg salad is quite unusual, it is a dietary version of everyone’s favorite snack - with Feta cheese, Greek yogurt and red caviar. If you have time in the morning, never deny yourself the pleasure of cooking something tasty and healthy. You need to start the day with positive emotions!
Perhaps every woman has at least once received a blooming orchid as a gift. It’s not surprising, because such a living bouquet looks amazing and blooms for a long time. Orchids cannot be called very difficult to grow indoor crops, but failure to comply with the main conditions for their maintenance often leads to the loss of the flower. If you are just getting started with indoor orchids, you should find out the correct answers to the main questions about growing these beautiful plants at home.
Lush cheesecakes with poppy seeds and raisins prepared according to this recipe are eaten in no time in my family. Moderately sweet, plump, tender, with an appetizing crust, without excess oil, in a word, exactly the same as my mother or grandmother fried in childhood. If the raisins are very sweet, then you don’t need to add granulated sugar at all; without sugar, the cheesecakes will be better fried and will never burn. Cook them in a well-heated frying pan, greased with oil, over low heat and without a lid!
Cherry tomatoes differ from their larger counterparts not only in the small size of their berries. Many cherry varieties are characterized by a unique sweet taste, which is very different from the classic tomato taste. Anyone who has never tried such cherry tomatoes with their eyes closed may well decide that they are tasting some unusual exotic fruit. In this article I will talk about five different cherry tomatoes that have the sweetest fruits with unusual colors.
I started growing annual flowers in the garden and on the balcony more than 20 years ago, but I will never forget my first petunia, which I planted in the country along the path. Only a couple of decades have passed, but you’re amazed at how different the petunias of the past are from the many-sided hybrids of today! In this article, I propose to trace the history of the transformation of this flower from a simpleton into a real queen of annuals, as well as consider modern varieties of unusual colors.
Salad with spicy chicken, mushrooms, cheese and grapes - aromatic and satisfying. This dish can be served as a main dish if you are preparing a cold dinner. Cheese, nuts, mayonnaise are high-calorie foods; in combination with spicy fried chicken and mushrooms, you get a very nutritious snack, which is refreshed by sweet and sour grapes. The chicken in this recipe is marinated in a spicy mixture of ground cinnamon, turmeric and chili powder. If you like food with fire, use hot chili.
The question is how to grow healthy seedlings, all summer residents are concerned in early spring. It seems that there are no secrets here - the main thing for fast and strong seedlings is to provide them with warmth, moisture and light. But in practice, in a city apartment or private house, this is not so easy to do. Of course, every experienced gardener has his own proven method of growing seedlings. But today we will talk about a relatively new assistant in this matter - the propagator.
The Sanka tomato variety is one of the most popular in Russia. Why? The answer is simple. He is the very first to bear fruit in the garden. Tomatoes ripen when other varieties have not even bloomed yet. Of course, if you follow the growing recommendations and make an effort, even a novice grower will receive a rich harvest and joy from the process. And so that your efforts are not in vain, we advise you to plant high-quality seeds. For example, such as seeds from TM “Agrosuccess”.
Task indoor plants in the house - to decorate the home with your own appearance, to create a special atmosphere of comfort. For this reason, we are ready to take care of them regularly. Care is not only about watering on time, although this is important. It is also necessary to create other conditions: suitable lighting, humidity and air temperature, and make a correct and timely transplant. For experienced flower growers there is nothing supernatural about this. But beginners often face certain difficulties.
Tender cutlets from chicken breast It’s easy to prepare with champignons according to this recipe with step by step photos. There is an opinion that it is difficult to make juicy and tender cutlets from chicken breast, but this is not so! Chicken meat contains virtually no fat, which is why it is a bit dry. But if you add cream to the chicken fillet, White bread and mushrooms with onions, you will get amazingly delicious cutlets that both children and adults will love. During mushroom season, try adding wild mushrooms to the minced meat.
The daisy belongs to the aster family. Under natural conditions, such crops grow in Mediterranean countries. Translated into Russian, the word “daisy” means pearl. Indeed, such plants delight the eye with unusually beautiful inflorescences. In our article we will get acquainted with the nuances of growing daisies at home.
Domestic gardeners grow perennial and annual varieties daisies. It should be noted that the latter plants are used to decorate balconies and terraces. Perennial daisies are grown as a garden crop, which has given impetus to the development of new varieties.
Annual daisies (bellis annua)
Such plants begin to form inflorescences at the end of summer and bloom until the first frost. The crop in question is propagated by seeds. The southern part of Europe is considered the birthplace of this plant. This is a low plant with simple double inflorescences of various colors. Annual daisies are used as indoor potted flowers; their small, simple inflorescences are white in color.
Perennial daisy (bellis perennis)
Such plants reach 15 centimeters in height and often form turf. The crops have a short rhizome and a leafless flower stem. The rosette is lobed with hairy leaves with serrated edges. The inflorescences are made in the form of baskets and consist of jagged flowers. Their petals are white, red or pink. Inflorescences are up to 8 centimeters in diameter, rising on several peduncles. In sunny weather, the baskets open well, but during prolonged rains they droop. The perennial daisy blooms in late spring or early summer and continues to bloom until the first frost. The fruits of the flower are flattened and ripen from mid-summer to early autumn.
Reeds (v. R. Var. Ligunosa hort.)
From the specified variety, the following should be distinguished:
Variety Bellisima with pompom baskets and double inflorescences. The diameter of the flowers reaches 4.5 centimeters. The plant is small, up to 15 centimeters in height. The color of the petals can be red or pink.
Pomponetti differs from the others in its small inflorescences. The plant in question was obtained by French breeders. During flowering, up to 40 flowers are simultaneously formed on the crop.
Habanera variety has large double inflorescences, resembling asters in appearance, their diameter can reach 6 centimeters. The petals are elongated, red, white or pink. The flowering period of the crop begins in June.
Variety Speedstar- These are semi-double daisies with yellow petals. The beginning of flowering of crops is observed in the year of sowing seeds. The inflorescences are white, carmine or pink, the height of the crop is up to 13 centimeters.
Variety Rominet characterized by an early flowering period. The plants are small, up to 12 centimeters in height. The inflorescences are densely double, voluminous, carmine in color, rising on high and powerful peduncles.
Tubular (v. R. Var. Fistulosa hort.)
Popular plants of this type are:
Variety Rosabella with large double inflorescences of pink-salmon color. Flowers reach up to 5 centimeters in diameter.
Variety Robella has inflorescences of various shades from salmon pink to coral. The inflorescences are made in the form of densely double baskets and have a diameter of up to 5 centimeters. The culture reaches 15 centimeters in height.
Variety Tosso differs from the rest in beautiful large inflorescences up to 6 centimeters in diameter. The petals are red, white or pink. They are collected in baskets, tightly connected to each other.
Variety Rob Roy This is a small plant up to 10 centimeters in height. The inflorescences are small, up to 2 centimeters in diameter, red.
Bella Daisy– this is an early flowering variety with a terry basket. Tubular-type inflorescences Pink colour. Their diameter does not exceed 2.5 centimeters.
Combination of daisies with other plants
Daisies go well with other garden plants, they can be planted next to tulips, daffodils, lilies of the valley, primroses and other types of spring flowers. The plants look great together with violas, violets and forget-me-nots. They complement each other perfectly.
How to grow daisy seedlings
Preliminary cultivation of seedlings allows crops to bloom in the year of planting.
It is recommended to use separate containers for sowing flowers due to the fact that the root system of plants is fragile and does not tolerate picking. Sow several seeds in separate containers. To obtain developed seedlings at the time of transplantation into open ground seed material begins to be sown in the last ten days of February or March. Store-bought soil is used as a nutrient mixture.
Seed treatment before planting
Before sowing, small daisy seeds are treated with growth simulators. These substances contain microelements and other components that activate the development of the plant. Such treatment accelerates seed germination; in addition, the protective shell protects daisy seeds from damage by diseases and pests.
Plants need abundant watering. If there is a lack of moisture, the protective shell will not be able to completely dissolve, which will affect the time of emergence and further development of the flower.
Planting daisy seedlings
To plant daisies for seedlings, you can use regular or pelleted seeds. First, you need to disinfect the pots with a solution of potassium permanganate and pour a drainage layer into the lower part of a third of the container. These could be small pebbles or pistachio shells.
Next, the pots are filled with store-bought soil and seeds are sown, 2-3 in each container. The grains are sprinkled with a thin layer of loose soil and watered; the upper part of the container is covered with transparent glass or plastic film.
After this, the seedlings are installed in warm room With room temperature within 18-22 degrees and wait for seedlings to appear. At good care and constant watering, the first shoots will appear approximately 3-4 weeks from the moment of sowing. After this, you need to remove the cover from the containers and place them on a well-lit windowsill.
Seedling care
After the emergence of seedlings, the temperature in the room is reduced to 12-15 degrees, which will prevent stretching and promote hardening of the plants. The development of daisy seedlings occurs in short daylight hours, but the plants must receive sufficient heat and sunlight. The daylight hours of daisies should last up to 14 hours a day, so they hang them above the container fluorescent lamps. Such lamps are turned on in the morning and evening approximately two hours before sunrise and sunset.
During the development period, young plants must receive a sufficient amount of moisture. Watering of seedlings is carried out in the evening using melt or rain water, slightly heated (it is recommended to leave tap water for 24 hours).
If necessary, plants are fed with special fertilizers for flowers.
Preparing for planting in open ground
About two weeks before the expected date of transplanting daisies into open ground, the plants begin to harden off. First, the seedlings are taken out onto the balcony or outside for 15-20 minutes. Further time spent on outdoors gradually increase, which will help harden the flowers and get used to natural conditions.
The day before transplanting, the plants should remain outdoors for 24 hours.
Site selection and soil preparation
For further cultivation For daisies, you need to choose a well-lit area that is well lit by the sun. Regarding the soil, these crops are unpretentious; they grow well in any soil, but if possible, it is better to choose soil for them that is light in mechanical composition, for example, loam. Systemic herbicides are used to clear the area of weeds. Solutions chemical substances spray in the fall and wait until the weeds dry out completely.
After this, the soil must be dug up using a shovel, organic matter and complex fertilizers must be added. mineral fertilizers. With the arrival of spring, the area is leveled with a metal rake and holes are filled for planting daisies.
Transfer to a permanent location
Well-developed, hardened seedlings are planted in flower beds after the soil has warmed up. Gardeners in our country hold similar events until mid-May. During planting, you must carefully remove the plant along with a lump of earth. Daisies do not grow much during the growing season, so between neighboring bushes you need to leave a distance of 15-20 centimeters in both directions.
After moving to open ground, water the soil warm water. To prevent further evaporation of moisture, the soil is sprinkled with a thick layer of mulch made from broken straw or sawdust. For the same purpose, you can use humus or peat.
Mulching not only prevents the soil from drying out, but also prevents the growth of weeds.
Growing daisies from seeds in open ground
Sowing of prepared daisy seed material is carried out from the last ten days of May to mid-June, when the air warms up to a temperature of +20 degrees. Experienced gardeners recommend surface sowing of grains. They are scattered over the surface of the area, and then a thin layer of mulch from humus or compost is laid. When planted deeply, the seed material lacks sunlight, which increases the germination period. The first shoots usually appear two weeks after planting; they are picked already on the 20th day.
To improve grain pecking, the crops are covered with black plastic film. After two days, the cover is removed, and the seeds are sprinkled with a thin layer of loose soil.
When thinning seedlings, it is necessary to remove weak or damaged flowers. When self-sowing, some daisies lose varietal properties, such as the individual color of the petals and their doubleness. With this method of sowing, the diameter of the inflorescences also decreases.
Caring for daisies in the open ground
These unpretentious flowers do not require special care. During development in open ground, timely watering, loosening of rows and removal of weeds, as well as plant feeding are needed.
Watering and fertilizing
The roots of daisies are superficial, so the soil must be moistened regularly, especially during prolonged drought. Due to lack of moisture, the inflorescences are crushed, the petals of terry varieties become simple.
To simplify flower care, it is necessary to mulch the area with a layer of humus and compost. This will prevent the evaporation of soil moisture and slow down the development of weeds. Fertilizing is applied no more than twice during the growing season. For every square meter of usable area, 25-30 grams of special fertilizer for flowers are applied. To extend the flowering period and obtain dense, large flowers, it is necessary to remove faded inflorescences in a timely manner.
Perennial daisy after flowering
After the last inflorescence has withered, caring for daisies consists of collecting seeds and preparing the crop for winter.
Collection and storage of daisy seeds
Regular non-hybrid flower seeds are suitable for sowing next year. The grains are collected as the inflorescences ripen and dry out. Let's get acquainted with the rules for harvesting crop grains:
- Inflorescences are picked from wilted plants in the evening every 2-3 days.
- Baskets with seeds are laid out in a thin, uniform layer on a sheet of paper.
- The raw materials are dried under natural conditions until the grains spontaneously fall out.
- The seeds are calibrated and placed in paper bags. Each pack contains information about the plant’s belonging to a specific variety, as well as the time of collection and the color of the petals of the crop.
- Seeds are stored in a dry and cool place. If the specified conditions are met, the grains remain viable for 3 years.
Wintering and frost resistance of perennial daisies
After collecting the seed material, the plantings must be prepared for winter:
- Faded inflorescences are removed from the bushes, and fallen leaves are also collected from the area. Now it is necessary to cover the root system of the crops with additional soil, which will increase frost resistance.
- New plants obtained as a result of dividing the bushes are additionally covered with mulch (humus, sawdust, peat) or spruce branches with a layer of up to 10 centimeters.
- In snowy winters, plants tolerate severe frosts well. If no precipitation is expected, the gardener must additionally cover the plantings non-woven material, install snow retention structures.
Do not use fallen leaves to protect flowers from frost. fruit trees, because spores of fungal diseases or pests can be stored in it.
Reproduction of daisies
The most popular method of propagating daisies is the use of seed material. Besides, planting material can be obtained by cuttings or dividing the bush. Let's take a closer look at each method.
Seeds
To grow daisies, it is practiced to sow seeds into seedlings or directly into open ground. In any case, before sowing the grains, it is necessary to first compact the soil, which will prevent further deepening of the seed material. Sowing is carried out superficially over the area or in pre-cut shallow furrows. The distance between rows of crops is chosen as a multiple of 5 centimeters. Next, the crops are carefully covered with a thin layer of sand and watered with warm water.
During the germination period, the grower must constantly monitor soil moisture to prevent the grains from drying out. Shoots usually appear a week after sowing. In the phase of two true leaves, they are thinned out, leaving 20 centimeters between the crops in both directions.
Cuttings
When propagating by cuttings, a side shoot with developed leaves is separated from the mother bush with a sharp knife. Next, it is placed in a solution with a root former (kornevin). After the first roots appear, the plant is transplanted into a greenhouse with a loose, moistened substrate. When the plant takes root, it is moved to open ground. This daisy will bloom next year.
Dividing the bush
You can divide a bush of flowers into individual plants throughout the growing season, in spring, summer or autumn. A large bush is carefully removed from the soil and divided into 4...6 parts depending on its development. After this, on each of the divisions, the inflorescences are pinched, the roots are shortened, and the leaves are trimmed. The plants are transplanted to a new location, where they quickly take root and continue to bloom.
Pests and diseases of daisies
Daisies exhibit high resistance to diseases and pests, but the risk of viral infections still exists. During the growing season, the gardener must constantly monitor the plants and quickly respond to any change in their development.
One of the signs of crop damage is the elongation of pedicels and a decrease in the diameter of inflorescences; the leaves of daisies become smaller and turn pale. In this case, it is necessary to remove diseased specimens from garden plot and burn them along with the root system. To prevent further dissemination diseases, the soil is treated with a solution of potassium permanganate.
Flowers can be affected by powdery mildew. The first symptom of this disease is the appearance of a white powdery coating on the leaves. Subsequently, it spreads throughout the plant. Destroy powdery mildew will help at the site chemical drug topaz or treating crops with Bordeaux mixture or colloidal sulfur.
As we can see, growing daisies on your own personal plot will not cause any trouble even for an inexperienced gardener. Put your knowledge into practice and you will be happy with your beautiful garden.
The perennial daisy (bellis perennis) belongs to the Asteraceae family, genus Asteraceae. The homeland of the plant is considered to be Southern and Central Europe. But because of its attractive appearance and unpretentiousness, it has become widespread throughout the world. Africa, North America, Australia, Europe - this flower culture is cultivated everywhere.
And a wild form of the flower, the annual daisy (bellis annua), affectionately called the “pearl,” can be found in the wild. She prefers to grow in forest clearings, along roadsides. Small flower with small flowers white or pinkish.
Daisy accordingly perennial crop, grown as a biennial, with a compact rosette of oval, elongated leaves. The height of the bush is 15-30 cm. The shoots end in inflorescences with a diameter of 4-8 cm of white, soft pink or dark red color. The structure of the flowers can be reed or tubular in the form of daisies, buttons, buboes. The flower is used in landscape design for group plantings and as a greenhouse or balcony plant.
Planting daisies in open ground
Since the daisy is a biennial plant, if it is grown using seeds or cuttings, lush flowering You can wait only for the second year. To flower this year, gardeners use methods: seedlings or division.
It is more correct to grow daisies as a biennial crop. But growing a flower by dividing the bush rejuvenates the plant, while maintaining varietal characteristics and decorativeness. So, let us once again list the methods of plant propagation: using seedlings, cuttings, dividing and sowing seeds in open ground. And now more details about each method.
Growing daisies from seeds When to plant seedlings
When to sow daisy seedlings? If you want the flower to bloom earlier, you need to sow the seeds in February-March. It is better to plant seeds in separate containers. Pots made of paper, plastic or peat are suitable. In this case, if one or two plants have sprouted in a pot, you don’t have to pick them. If you use a large container for planting seeds, the grown plants will dive.
It grows well and does not get sick if the soil does not dry out and daylight hours last up to 14 hours. That is, it is necessary to ensure that the “young animals” are illuminated. Two weeks after the sprouts appear, reduce the temperature at the location of the plants to +15ºC. And the middle or end of May (7 days before planting seedlings in the ground) is the time to harden the plant.
- You need to sow in a common container on top of moistened soil as little as possible, lightly sprinkle sand or earth on top. Be sure to make drainage holes in the bottom to prevent the plants from getting sick.
- The container is covered with a transparent lid or plastic bag to create a greenhouse effect, and ventilated daily.
- After the shoots appear, the cover is removed.
- Continue care with moderate watering and provide good lighting.
- Seedlings are planted when a pair of true leaves appear in separate cups.
- They begin to harden off a week before planting, leaving the seedlings outside for a short time at first, then more, up to a full day in the last days.
You can plant daisies in April-May, when there are no night frosts.
The video will tell you how to sow daisies for seedlings:
Propagation of daisies by cuttings
Daisies from cuttings will bloom only next year. Reproduction in this way is carried out in the middle and end of May. A young shoot with an axillary bud is separated from the mother specimen with a sharp knife.
Shoots treated with Kornevin are planted in the ground to a depth of 1 cm. The place for planting is a cold greenhouse. After half a month, the young plants take root. But they can be planted in a permanent place of growth only in early autumn, when the temperature is cool.
You can plant the cuttings on the windowsill, in separate cups, and simply monitor the moisture content of the substrate. It is best to plant in special soil for flowering plants so that the soil is nutritious and breathable. Rooted plants are planted in a permanent place in early September, not forgetting to cover them for the winter.
Reproduction of daisies by dividing the bush
This procedure is carried out in early spring or after flowering. For division, take healthy two- or three-year-old bushes. They are carefully dug up, trying not to damage the root system, and divided into 5-10 parts. Of course, each part must have a root. Flowers and buds on new plants are removed, the roots are shortened to 10 cm.
Dividing a daisy flower bush makes it possible to rejuvenate plants, obtain new specimens, while maintaining varietal characteristics and decorativeness.
Sowing daisy seeds in open ground
When sown in a garden bed, daisies will not appear until next year. Seeds are sown in open ground when the soil is ripe, at the end of March - April and until the end of summer.. They use the method of sowing on the soil surface, i.e. the seeds are not buried in the soil, but scattered over the area and mulched on top with humus or prepared sifted soil. If you do not immediately cover the seeds with soil, but first cover them with dark film and leave them for two days, their germination will speed up.
The soil with the planted seeds is regularly and carefully watered, avoiding drying out. To create greenhouse conditions, you can cover the area with the seeds with agrofibre. It will protect tender shoots from bright spring sun and protects against nighttime drops in temperature.
Sprouts appear in two weeks, and after another two weeks they are planted in a garden bed or nursery. Daisies are planted densely. The distance between them should be no more than 5 cm.
Grown plants are planted in a prepared area at the end of summer. And next year in early spring they will delight us with abundant flowering.
Young plants that have sprouted as a result of the so-called “self-seeding” are weeded, removing weak and damaged ones. Plants grown in this way lose their decorative properties and characteristics of the variety: brightness of color, flower size, doubleness.
Planting daisy seedlings in open ground
In order for the flower to grow and not get sick, it is necessary to choose the right site and soil composition. Daisy loves bright lighting. An area near the trunk of a tree, in partial shade, is also suitable for her. Only the Cape daisy prefers bright sunlight, but in the shade it fades and loses its colors.
The plant prefers soil that is light, drained, and moisture-permeable. Loam with neutral acidity is best suited. If the soil on the site is sandy, then it is mixed with manure, leaf soil, humus, ash, and peat.
Daisies are perennial, planted in a prepared area 30 days after picking. Transplantation is performed with a clod of earth to preserve the root system of the seedling. The distance between young daisy bushes is up to 20 cm.
It is not worth planting less often, as the effect of group planting will be disrupted. Also, flowers planted strictly in a line will not look interesting. After planting, you need to water the plants with plenty of water.
Interesting fact. Perennial daisy loves transplants. They activate the growth and development of the plant even at the stage of flowering and bud formation.
Caring for daisies in the open ground
Daisies planted densely do not need to be weeded. But regular watering is a must: in hot weather - every day, at other times up to three times a week. Excess moisture is detrimental to the flower. Its roots may rot. To reduce the frequency and volume of watering, mulch the soil between plants.
In spring, during the period of snowmelt and after heavy rains, the soil is loosened to improve aeration.
Interesting fact. During growth, the perennial daisy choke out almost all weeds. This property of the plant is highly valued by gardeners. After all, there are almost no weed seeds in the soil after daisies.
The flower responds well to feeding. There are several of them per season:
- 1 time in spring (complex flower fertilizer);
- in summer 3-4 times with an interval of at least 10 days (potassium chloride, Amofoska).
To add decorative value to the flower and lengthen the flowering time, faded inflorescences are cut off.
Diseases and pests of daisies
The daisy is unpretentious and many diseases are not scary for it. But she is susceptible to diseases such as: gray mold, rust, powdery mildew. The plant can also be damaged by rodents and insects.
1. Gray rot
The cause of the disease is raw cold weather.
Appearance bush - watery leaves with a gray coating.
Prevention - reducing humidity.
Preparations for treatment - “Skor”, “Chistotsvet”.
2. Rust
The cause of the disease is fungal infection.
The appearance of the bush is leaves with rusty red or brown spots.
Disinfection is the removal of the infected part of the plant.
Preparations for treatment - 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture.
3. Powdery mildew
The cause of the disease is oversaturation of the soil with nitrogen fertilizers and lack of moisture.
Appearance of the bush - the leaves darken, appearing above and below white coating.
Prevention - destruction of plant residues, thinning.
Preparations for treatment - “Chistotsvet”, “Fitosporin”, “Trichodermin”.
4. Brown spot
The cause of the disease is damage to the plant by bacteria.
Appearance of the bush - the leaves are covered with light spots with a border.
Disinfection - removal of the infected part of the plant or destruction of the entire bush.
Prevention - destruction of plant residues, loosening.
Preparations for treating plants - “Kuprotox”, “Hom”
Preparations for soil treatment - solution of iron sulfate, 3% solution of Bordeaux mixture.
To protect flowers from animals- rodents: mice, shrews, moles - poisoned bait is left on the site. Make sure that pets are not poisoned by it.
Insects that can harm daisy plantings (spider mite and thrips) are destroyed by repeated spraying of the plant and soil. Solutions are used for spraying laundry soap, celandine, “Aktary”, “Iskra”.
How to collect daisy seeds
Since when proper storage The germination of daisy seeds lasts up to three years, so it makes sense to collect and save the seed material. One condition is that the seeds are collected from non-hybrid plant varieties.
The rules for collecting seeds are as follows:
- seeds are collected only from faded inflorescences;
- the flowers, laid out in 1 layer, are dried on a paper mat;
- dried until the seeds fall out easily from the inflorescences;
- They store the seeds in paper or fabric bags, which indicate the year of collection, the name and variety of the flower.
Preparing daisies for winter
This important stage which should not be neglected. Failure to comply with wintering conditions can lead to partial rotting of the roots or to the complete death of the plant.
In order for the plant to grow well, remove dried leaves and flowers around the bush, cover the roots that are on the surface of the soil with soil.
Then mulch the ground around the bush. Suitable mulch is: humus, rotted sawdust, pine needles, peat. The mulch layer should be at least 5-10 cm. It is not advisable to use fallen leaves as mulch and covering material.
They can serve as a breeding ground for fungal spores or shelter for insect pests. That being said, fallen leaves placed in a compost heap are an excellent component for compost.
Plants overwinter best under a snow “blanket,” but if your winters are not snowy, you should cover your daisy bushes with spruce branches or other covering material.
Daisies in landscape design What to combine with
The perennial daisy is a crop in demand by gardeners, designers and florists.
This is facilitated by such perennial qualities as:
- unpretentiousness;
- long flowering period;
- variety of flower shapes and a wide range of colors;
- good compatibility with other plants.
When planted alone, daisies are not very interesting, so they are best used as a companion crop for lining taller plants, such as spring flowering bulbs: daffodil tulips. Or in combination with primroses, lilies of the valley, hyacinths.
There are a number of garden compositions that will be greatly inferior without daisies.
Daisies are planted:
- Near natural ponds and streams, artificial reservoirs, thanks to the love of moist soil.
- On lawns that are not cut (urban, Moorish, meadow) as a ground cover crop.
- In group plantings (up to 10 bushes at a time). Here you can show your imagination and use both plants of the same color and variety, or completely different ones.
- Daisies with small flowers are suitable for borders and on alpine hills.
Here you should pay attention to the regularity of watering. - Cape daisies, which reach a meter in height, are used for the “back wall” of ferns, hostas, brungers, and bodans.
Perennial daisy is also used in group plantings in flower beds, ridges, balconies, in separate containers, as well as for cutting and forcing.
Florists love this versatile culture. Low compact bushes of the plant look beautiful in ceramic vases, pots and containers. Such flower arrangements can decorate your favorite corner of the garden, greenhouse, terrace, balcony, patio, garden gazebo.
A small round bouquet of white or soft pink daisies can even be used as a wedding bouquet. A pot with bright button flowers against a background of green leaves will be a pleasant gift.
Types and varieties of perennial daisies with descriptions and photos
There are about a hundred species perennial daisies. They differ in the following ways:
- according to the height of the crop. Height varies from 2 to 30 cm;
- according to the structure of the flower. It can be reed or tubular;
- according to the shape of a flower. It comes in the form of a ball, daisy, pompom, rose;
- by the type of petal color. There are single-colored ones, with varying degrees of color on the upper and lower sides, with stripes, with spots. The color varies from snow-white to bright red;
- by the appearance of terry. There are plants with simple, double and semi-double flowers;
- according to the size of the inflorescence. Flowers are small from 1.5 cm in diameter, medium from 4 cm in diameter and large from 6 cm.
In addition, varietal daisies differ in the time they begin to bloom: early and late flowering.
Among the abundance of varieties and types of flower crops, we can still identify the most popular among gardeners. Thus, double and semi-double varieties and hybrids of perennials are mainly cultivated.
The most beautiful varieties of daisies with names and photos:
“White ball” - plant height 15 cm, double flowers, pure white.
“Pink ball” - plant height 15-20 cm, double flowers, carmine pink.
“Red carpet” - plant height up to 20 cm, double dark red flowers.
“Etna” - color of flower petals: orange middle and dark purple edges.
“Robella” - color of flower petals: coral combined with red.
Balcony varieties with abundant and long flowering are also in demand. "Early Etna", "Dresden China", "The Pearl" are compact plants suitable for forcing in winter and early spring.
African daisy or Cape daisy Osteospermum ecklonis
The so-called Cape daisies or African daisies (osteospermum) also belong to the Astrov genus. These are evergreens perennial shrubs or subshrubs. They grow up to a meter in height and have flowers similar in appearance to daisies or daisies.
In some countries, daisies are considered the flowers of love. On their petals, young beauties wonder whether their future betrothed loves them. The daisy is considered the plant of love, purity and innocence.
In cooking, daisies are used to prepare vitamin salads, along with nettles and spinach. This is useful for normalizing or speeding up metabolism. Marinated daisy buds with tarragon are added to soups and main courses. The petals can be used to decorate snacks and salads, and will also be very beneficial for the body.
In pharmacology, daisy inflorescences and leaves are prepared for many drugs.
The collection of plant parts occurs at the peak of flowering, closer to August. It is necessary to store only in bags for up to a year. Open or gas drying is unacceptable, as the positive properties of the daisy are lost. Drying is carried out in ventilated rooms: balconies, attics or attics. Optimal temperature 35 degrees.
More information can be found in the video.
Daisy flower – small annual or biennial ornamental plant. It has beautiful ordinary, double, semi-double flowers. Inflorescences can be from small to large in size and multi-colored. The bright green leaves are connected near the roots into a rosette. Plant height up to 20 centimeters. The fruits look like elongated, flattened achenes.
Spreading
In nature, daisy flowers grow in Europe, as well as Asia Minor. Many gardeners love and dream of seeing it on their site. Wild flowers scattered across the fields resemble small pearls. WITH ancient Greek language"daisy" is translated as pearl.
There are many interesting legends about this flower. One of which tells how one old man fell in love beautiful girl, and decided to make her his wife. But the girl did not want this, and asked the forces of the Earth to save her. So, the earth turned the girl into beautiful flower daisy.
Varieties and types
Nowadays, there are more than 30,000 plant species. Varieties are divided according to the size of the flower and petals. The most common types:
- Snowball is a white fluffy flower with about 30 inflorescences up to 5 cm in diameter. Early flowering;
- Garden daisy – perennial, white or red with a terry texture. Grow in flower beds or on balconies;
- Dwarf pompom daisy - has small feather-like flowers, about 40 inflorescences in a bush with a diameter of up to 2.5 cm. Blooms from April to July;
- Rosa gigantea - has very large pink flowers, blooms for two months from May to June;
- Perennial daisy - flowers are white to red with a yellow center, about 30 centimeters high. It grows in single baskets with elongated leaves forming a rosette near the roots. It blooms all summer, for several years. Well suited for seedlings, as it produces abundant self-seeding.
Features of cultivation
Although daisies are unpretentious flowers, resistant to frost, they need to be covered in winter.
They can grow in shady areas, but are best planted where there is more sunlight. So, flowering will be most abundant.
The soil should be loose, loamy, with a small addition of humus.
Planting seeds
Daisies, like daisies, reproduce well by seeds. Sowing begins in early summer.
Before planting, the soil must be loosened and cleared of weeds. If the soil is not very good, then add a little humus, earth and peat to it. The soil for planting seeds must be moist. In order for them to germinate, they need sun and heat, so the seeds are covered with a little sand, as well as a small amount of humus. If all conditions are met correctly, the first shoots will appear within a week. You can cover the crops with film for several days.
Most gardeners choose to plant daisies in seedlings. This method ensures flowering already in the year of planting:
- At the end of February, beginning of March, plain or pelleted seeds begin to be planted. They are sown in special sectional containers of 3-4 pieces. Soil for sowing can be purchased at any flower shop;
- The soil must be kept moist at all times and the temperature maintained at 20 degrees. Seeds germinate in 21 days. With the appearance of the first shoots, reduce soil moisture by watering only in the morning. Fertilize with a low concentration of nitrogen-potassium solution. As the sprouts increase, the volume of fertilizer increases;
- The seedlings are planted in pots after 1.5 months; the room temperature should be slightly lower than it was before. In order for plants to develop normally, it is necessary to create additional light, and also do not forget to feed with iron chelate;
- At the beginning of summer, seedlings are planted in open ground, with a distance between plantings of up to 20 centimeters. To avoid damaging the roots, the plant is removed from the container along with the soil and placed in prepared holes. The soil around the bushes is thoroughly compacted and watered. Daisies love structured loam the most of all soils, but garden soil is also suitable for them.
Care
The plant should be watered regularly during hot summer days, otherwise the inflorescences will become smaller or disappear altogether. The soil around daisies must be constantly loosened and weeded.
- To prevent the roots from sticking out, you can mulch the soil. Thus, weeds will grow less frequently, and moisture in the soil will evaporate more slowly;
- It is necessary to fertilize the plant several times a season. Withered flowers are removed, and those that remain will bloom longer and more luxuriantly;
- To avoid the appearance of a fungus similar to powdery mildew on the leaves and flowers, the plant is treated with Topaz solution, and diseased flowers are removed. Sometimes in the summer the flower begins to hurt, this is manifested by a decrease in the number of inflorescences, and the leaves become pale. The daisy needs to be dug up along with the root and burned, and the place in which it grew should be treated with a solution of potassium permanganate.
Reproduction
Daisy flowers are propagated in three ways: by seeds, by dividing bushes and by cuttings. Cuttings are the most common method that allows you to preserve the most good varieties. Flowers are self-seeding, which causes the quality of varietal seeds to deteriorate. To avoid this, unsightly inflorescences are removed and the flowers themselves are replanted.
- Collection of seeds. Seeds are collected from flowering plants or are bought. So as not to waste cash for purchase, seeds are collected from fading inflorescences. The inflorescences are laid out in a thin layer, thoroughly dried in the sun, and then stored in a cool place. Seeds are sown in spring and summer, but in this case flowering will occur within a year;
- Division by bush. In autumn, all the leaves are cut off from the bush, the roots are trimmed, leaving a petiole of up to 8 centimeters. The bush is divided into 3-6 parts and planted in the soil. . If the petiole has no roots, then it’s okay, new roots will grow;
- Cuttings. In May or June, shoots growing on the sides are cut off with a knife and planted in moist, loose soil. The plant is covered with a special covering material Lutrasil. After a few weeks, the shoots will take root, but flowering will appear only after a year.
Landscape use
Due to its flowering and decorative nature, the daisy flower is very popular among landscape designers. The flower will look great in a flowerbed among small blue forget-me-nots and pansies purple color.
All the flowers are bright in color and highlight the beauty of the daisies. A suitable combination of daisies with white daffodils, as well as tulips.
The original plant - cape daisies. This magnificent flower unusual shape petals and sparse coloring, it is designed to grow separately in a small flowerbed. It will look great next to growing ferns, bergenia, and hosta.
