Article about how I did homemade construction vacuum cleaner with cyclone filter. The performance of this useful homemade for home can be appreciated by watching the video of his work.
To demonstrate the work, I collected a bucket of sand. In general, I am satisfied with the result of the work done (given that this is, so to speak, a working prototype layout).
I will say right away: this article is a presentation of my history of creating my first (and I think not the last) homemade cyclone vacuum cleaner , and I am in no way going to impose anything on anyone, prove and claim that the solutions described here are the only correct and infallible ones. Therefore, I ask you to treat with understanding, so to speak, "understand and forgive." I hope my little experience will be useful to “sick” people like me, to whom “a bad head does not give rest to their hands” (in the good sense of this expression).
I somehow thought about the upcoming repair and the consequences arising from this in the form of dust, construction debris, etc. And since it is necessary to ditch, saw concrete and “perforate”, the experience of the past suggested that it is necessary to look for a solution to these problems. It’s expensive to buy a ready-made construction vacuum cleaner, and most of them still include a filter (in some models even with a special “shaker”) or a paper bag + filter that clogs, worsens traction, needs to be replaced periodically and also costs a lot of money. Yes, and just this topic interested, and appeared, so to speak, "purely sporting interest." In general, it was decided to make a cyclone vacuum cleaner. A lot of information was gleaned here: forum.woodtools.ru I did not make special calculations (for example, according to Bill Pentz), I did it from what came to hand and according to my own instinct. By chance, on the ad site (for 1100 rubles) and very close to my place of residence, I came across such a vacuum cleaner. I looked at the parameters, they seem to be satisfied - it will be a donor!
The body of the cyclone itself was decided to be made of metal, because there were strong doubts about how long they would last, for example, plastic walls under the influence of “sandpaper” from a jet of sand and pieces of concrete. And also about static electricity when rubbish rubs against its walls, and I didn’t want the future homemade vacuum cleaner threw sparks at its users. And personally, I think that the buildup of dust due to static will not have a positive effect on the operation of the cyclone.
The general scheme for constructing a vacuum cleaner is as follows:
Polluted air passes through a cyclone, in which large particles settle into the lower container-garbage collector. The rest goes through the automobile air filter, engine and through the outlet pipe to the outside. It was decided to make a branch pipe for the outlet, and the dimensions of the inlet and outlet should be the same. This will allow you to use a vacuum cleaner, for example, to blow something. You can also use an additional hose to make the “exhaust” air exit to the street so as not to raise dust in the room (this suggests attaching this unit as a “built-in” stationary vacuum cleaner somewhere in the basement or on the balcony). Using two hoses at the same time, you can clean all kinds of filters without blowing dust around (blow with one hose, retract with the other).
The air filter is chosen “flat” not annular, so that when it is turned off, the debris that gets there falls into the garbage bin. If we take into account that only the dust remaining after the cyclone gets into the filter, then its replacement will not be required soon, as in a conventional construction vacuum cleaner with a filter without a cyclone. Moreover, at the price of such a filter (about 130 rubles), it is much cheaper than the “branded” ones that are used in industrial vacuum cleaners. It is also possible to partially clean such a filter with an ordinary household vacuum cleaner by attaching it to the “cyclone” inlet pipe. In this case, the garbage from the garbage bin will not be sucked in. The filter mount is made collapsible to simplify its cleaning and replacement.
For the body of the cyclone, it was very handy to find a suitable can, and the central pipe is made from a can of polyurethane foam.
The inlet pipe is made with the expectation of plastic sewer pipe 50 mm into which, with an appropriate rubber sleeve, the hose present in the vacuum cleaner is inserted quite tightly.
The second end of the pipe goes into a rectangle, so to speak, to "straighten" the flow. Its width was chosen for the smallest hose inlet diameter (32mm) to avoid clogging. Approximate calculation: L \u003d (3.14 * 50 mm - 2 * 32) / 2 \u003d 46.5 mm. Those. branch pipe section 32*46 mm.
I assembled the entire structure on soldering with acid and a 100-watt soldering iron (I worked with tin for almost the first time, except for the soldering of boats in childhood, so I apologize for the beauty of the seams)
Soldered the center pipe. The cone was made according to a pre-fitted cardboard template-scan.
The housing for the autofilter is also made according to galvanized patterns.
The upper part of the central pipe of the air duct was bent in the shape of a square and the lower opening of the body (pyramid) of the autofilter was fitted under it. Gathered everything together. On the sides of the can of the cyclone, I made three guides to increase rigidity and fastening. It turned out here is such a "gravitsapa".
For the garbage collector and the engine compartment, I used 2 barrels of engine oil (60 liters). Too big, of course, but this is what we managed to find. At the bottom of the engine compartment, I made holes for attaching the cyclone, and glued sponge rubber on the surface of the garbage bin to seal around the perimeter. After that, I cut a hole in the sidewall for the inlet pipe, taking into account the thickness of the rubber cuff.
The cyclone-“gravitap” was fastened with M10 studs and nuts with fluoroplastic to prevent loosening from vibration. Hereinafter, all the places where tightness is necessary, articulated with a rubber seal (or rubber washers) and auto-sealant.
To connect the engine compartment and the garbage collector, I used latches from the military wooden boxes(special thanks to Igor Sanych!). I had to ferment them a little in a solvent and “correct” them with a hammer. Fastened with rivets (with rubber gaskets from the chamber).
After that, for greater rigidity and noise reduction, I foamed the entire structure. mounting foam. You can, of course, fill everything to the top, but I decided to play it safe, suddenly there will be a need to disassemble it. In addition, everything turned out pretty hard and strong.
For ease of movement and carrying the garbage can attached 2 door handles and 4 wheels with brakes. Since the garbage container has a flanging at the bottom, it was necessary to make an additional “bottom” from a 10 mm thick plastic sheet to install the wheels. In addition, this made it possible to strengthen the bottom of the barrel so that it would not “squish” when the vacuum cleaner was running.
The base for attaching the filter funnel and the engine platform was made of chipboard with fastening to the barrel along the perimeter with furniture "Euro screws". To fix the engine platform, I glued 8 M10 bolts onto the epoxy (I think 4 would be enough). Painted. I glued sponge rubber around the perimeter of the filter installation site.
When assembling, I smeared the neck of the autofilter housing around the perimeter with sealant and pulled it to the base with flat-head screws.
The engine platform was made from 21 mm plywood. For a more uniform distribution of air over the filter area, I chose a recess of 7 mm in the area with a milling cutter.
To collect the outgoing air and mount the engine, the plastic engine compartment available in the vacuum cleaner was used. “Everything superfluous” was cut off from it and the outlet pipe was glued onto the epoxy reinforced with self-tapping screws. Everything is assembled together on a sealant and with the help of metal profile(thick sponge rubber is inserted into it) is attracted to the engine platform with two long M12 bolts. Their heads are recessed flush into the platform and filled with hot glue for tightness. Nuts with PTFE to prevent loosening due to vibration.
Thus, a removable motor module was obtained. For ease of access to the autofilter, it is attached with eight wing nuts. Enlarged washers are glued (Schaub did not run away).
I made a hole for the outlet pipe.
I painted the entire “pepelats” black from a spray can, after cleaning it with sandpaper and degreasing it.
The engine speed controller used the existing one (see photo), supplementing it homemade scheme to automatically start the vacuum cleaner when you turn on the power tool.
Explanations on the scheme of a homemade vacuum cleaner:
Circuit breakers (2-pole) QF1 and QF2 protect, respectively, the circuits for connecting power tools (socket XS1) and the speed control circuit of the vacuum cleaner motor. When the tool is turned on, its load current flows through the diodes VD2-VD4 and VD5. They are selected from the reference book because of the large voltage drop across them with direct current. On a chain of three diodes, when one (let's call it “positive”) half-wave of current flows, a pulsating voltage drop is created, which charges the capacitor C1 through the fuse FU1, the Schottky diode VD1 and the resistor R2. Fuse FU1 and varistor RU1 (16 volts) protect the control circuit from damage during overvoltage, which can occur, for example, during a break (burnout) in the chain of diodes VD2-VD4. The Schottky diode VD1 is selected with a low voltage drop (to “save” the already small Volts) and prevents the discharge of the capacitor C1 during the “negative” half-wave of current through the diode VD5. Resistor R2 limits the charge current of capacitor C1. The voltage received at C1 opens the DA1 optocoupler, the thyristor of which is included in the control circuit of the engine speed controller. The variable resistor R4 for controlling the motor speed is selected with the same rating as in the controller board of the vacuum cleaner (it is removed) and made remote (in the housing from the dimmer) to be placed on top cover vacuum cleaner. A resistor R removed from the board is soldered in parallel to it. The on / off switch S2 in the open circuit of the resistor R4 serves to manually turn on the vacuum cleaner. Switch S1 "automatic / manual". In manual control mode, S1 is on and the regulator current flows through the chain R4 (R) - S2 is on - S1. In automatic mode, S1 is turned off and the regulator current flows through the chain R4 (R) -pins 6-4 DA1. After turning off the power tool due to the large capacitance of the capacitor C1 and the inertia of the engine, the vacuum cleaner continues to work for about 3-5 seconds. This time is enough to draw the remaining debris from the hose into the vacuum cleaner.
The automatic start circuit is assembled on breadboard. Switches S1, S2, dimmer housing (to accommodate the variable resistor R4) and socket XS1 are selected from one not very expensive series, so to speak, for aesthetics. All elements are located on the top cover of the vacuum cleaner, made of 16 mm chipboard and glued with PVC edging. In the future, it will be necessary to make insulated cases for the boards in order to protect live parts from accidental contact.
To power the vacuum cleaner, a three-core flexible cable in rubber insulation KG 3 * 2.5 (5 meters) and a plug with a grounding contact were selected (do not forget about electrical safety and fight static electricity). Given the short-term intermittent operation of the vacuum cleaner together with a power tool, the selected cable section is sufficient so as not to heat up. A thicker cable (for example, KG 3*4) is correspondingly heavier and coarser, which would create inconvenience when using a vacuum cleaner. It was decided to abandon the device for winding the cable, which was in the donor vacuum cleaner, since the contacts existing there would not withstand the total load of the vacuum cleaner and power tools.
The top cover is fixed with a stud and a wing nut.
For easy removal of the top cover, the motor is connected to the control circuit through a connector. The body of the motor and the vacuum cleaner are connected to a protective earth conductor. To cool the regulator circuit, I drilled a small hole in the outlet pipe to create an air flow inside the engine compartment housing.
In order to insert a garbage bag into the garbage bin, I pasted over the upper edge with a rubber door seal cut along.
And so that the garbage bag is not sucked into the cyclone due to air suction through leaks, it is necessary to make a small hole in it.
The completion and testing of the resulting vacuum cleaner took place already at the beginning of the repair, so to speak, in “combat” conditions. The thrust, of course, is many times more powerful than that of a household vacuum cleaner, which would not be enough for a couple of minutes of working with construction debris. Relatively heavy debris from concrete is almost completely deposited in the bin and the additional filter does not need to be cleaned for a long time, while the draft is uniform and does not depend on the degree of filling of the bin. Putty dust (in the form of flour) is very light and, accordingly, is filtered out worse by the cyclone, which makes it necessary to periodically clean the autofilter. The task of making a vacuum cleaner was not set and therefore no test was carried out for this function.
CONCLUSION and CONCLUSIONS:
The resulting apparatus eventually turned out to be functional and has already passed the test during the repair of one room. Now I consider it more like a working layout from the series “will it work or not for the sake of interest”.
The main disadvantages of this design:
- relatively large dimensions are not convenient for transportation in a car, although the vacuum cleaner moves around the room on wheels very easily. You can use barrels of liters of 30 for example. As the operation has shown, such a large garbage bin is inconvenient for cleaning, and a bag with a lot of garbage can break.
- the diameter of the hose can be increased, for example, up to 50 mm and a hose from an industrial vacuum cleaner can be used (but the question arises of a price of 2000 rubles). Although, even with the existing hose, the garbage is collected quite cheerfully, unless of course you try to draw in half of the brick.
- it is necessary to make an easily removable mount for an additional autofilter and engine, for more convenient and efficient maintenance and cleaning.
- a thermal relay can be included in the control circuit (only determine the response temperature) to protect the engine from overheating.
Poor screening of light fine dust, which can be solved by introducing a second stage of smaller cyclones.
In conclusion, I would like to thank all my friends who helped with ideas and materials in the construction of this "pepelats". And special thanks to my beloved wife Yulia for supporting me in my hobbies.
I hope my little experience will be useful to readers.
Cyclone-type plants are used in industry for the purification of gases and liquids. The principle of the filter is based on the physical laws of inertia and gravity. Air (water) is sucked out of the device through the upper part of the filter. A vortex flow is created in the filter. As a result, the contaminated product enters the filter through the nozzle located on the side of the upper part. Since the debris particles are heavier, they settle at the bottom of the filter, and the cleaned product is discharged through the top. It is such a filter, made for the workshop, that we will consider today together with the author of the homemade product.
Tools and materials:
Waste bin 76 l;
Plywood;
Polycarbonate;
plastic pipe;
Coupling;
fasteners;
Masking tape:
Manual frezer;
Electric jigsaw;
Drill;
Glue gun;
band saw machine;
Sander.
Then from the lid, using band saw machine, cut out a circle with a diameter of 40 cm.
The place of the cut is glued, polished.
In a circle with a diameter of 40 cm, which remained from cutting out the bottom cover, cut out the middle according to the diameter of the plastic pipe. This blank will be installed at the top of the device.
For the side wall, the author used transparent polycarbonate. This will allow you to control the operation of the filter and the filling of the trash can. Having rolled up a polycarbonate cylinder, inserted it into the inner hole of the bottom cover. Marked and cut along the joint. I received a cylinder with a diameter of 40 cm and a height of 15 cm.
Inserting a polycarbonate cylinder into the inner ring of the bottom cover, drill holes in 10 cm increments. Fixes the cylinder with self-tapping screws. Whatever crush the polycarbonate, the lower part of the screws must be flat.
The top cover is inserted into the other part of the cylinder. Fixes with tape. Having drilled holes, fastens the polycarbonate with self-tapping screws.
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For the inlet and outlet, the author used a plastic pipe with a diameter of 7.6 cm, as well as two couplings for it.
First, make an inlet. Cuts off a piece of 23 cm from the pipe. Cuts the coupling in half. A rectangle is cut out of plywood with sides 12.5 and 15 cm. In the middle, cuts a hole 8.9 cm (outer diameter of the coupling). Having inserted a pipe into the hole, it fixes it with a coupling on both sides. Seals the seam with hot glue.
A cut piece measuring 12.5 by 20 cm is screwed to the side wall of the rectangle (12.5 cm).
Then the author cuts the pipe and plywood in such a way that the curvature of the cut coincides with the curvature of the cylinder.
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Having attached the structure to the installation site, he makes measurements for the manufacture of a vertical support. Cut it out and attach it to the body. Fastens where the seam of the cylinder goes, thus closing it.
Marks on the polycarbonate the location of the inlet cutout. Cut it out with a drill.
Installs the inlet pipe into the hole, fixes it. The seam is sealed with hot glue.
Next, he makes an outlet pipe. Cuts off a piece of pipe 15 cm. Inserts it into the hole in the top cover. Fits a clutch on both sides. Treated with hot glue.
The author made the lower screen from MDF. Screen size 46 cm in diameter, thickness 3 mm. At a distance of 5 cm from the edge draws a circle. Measures an angle of 120 degrees. Trims the strip between the sides of the corner. Screws the screen to the bottom cover in such a way that the cutout starts immediately after the inlet pipe.
About filters.
The cyclone filter does not retain more than 97% of dust. Therefore, additional filters are often added to them. From English, "HEPA" translates as High Efficiency Particulate Air "- a filter for airborne particles. 
Agree that even you cannot imagine your life without such necessary equipment like a vacuum cleaner? They cope not only with dust, but also with dirt.
Of course, vacuum cleaners can be used not only at home, but they are also different: rechargeable, washing, pneumatic. As well as automotive, low-voltage industrial, knapsack, gasoline, etc.
The principle of operation of a cyclone vacuum cleaner
James Dyson was the first inventor of the cyclone vacuum cleaner. His first creation was G-Force in 1986.
A little later in the 1990s, he applied for the manufacture of cyclone apparatus and already assembled his center for the creation of vacuum cleaners. In 1993, his first vacuum cleaner, known as the "Dayson DC01", went on sale.
So after all, how does this miracle of a cyclone type work?
It looks like the creator, James Dyson, was a remarkable physicist. Thanks to centrifugal force, it is involved in dust collection.
The device is two-chamber and it is divided into two types - external and internal. The air that swirls inside the dust collector moves upward as if in a spiral. 
By law, large dust particles enter the outer chamber, and everything else remains in the inner chamber. And the purified air leaves the dust collector through filters. This is how vacuum cleaners with a cyclone filter work.
Vacuum cleaners with a cyclone filter, features
Do not opt for those models that require little power. You will definitely not like such cleaning and most likely want to throw away such a device.
Do not waste money in vain, but approach the purchase of a vacuum cleaner more seriously. One has only to contact the sales consultant and he will help you with the choice of one or another vacuum cleaner.
The device should be chosen, which is 20-30% more powerful than a bag vacuum cleaner. It is best to take the one with a power of 1800 watts. Almost all manufacturers of vacuum cleaners produce models with this filter, which is good news.
Advantages of cyclone dust collectors
1.Skazhdym, probably, it happened when you accidentally found the item you needed in the dust collector? Now this is not a problem because it is transparent! And you will always be able to notice the items that you need to get out of there as soon as possible.
This is one of the most important pluses.
2. The power of such vacuum cleaners is maximum and does not slow down the speed and power, even with a clogged container. Cleaning is much more pleasant, power does not drop, cleaning is cleaner.
Such a vacuum cleaner is capable of detaining much more than you imagine. Up to 97%!!! Not likely, right? Although some are dissatisfied with this result, as they prefer vacuum cleaners with a water filter.
3. Buying a cyclone vacuum cleaner not only makes a bargain, but also saves storage space, as its weight is quite light. You don't have to carry heavy things. 
4. No need to constantly change paper bags for vacuum cleaner.
5. Power. She is not lost from fullness.
6. It can be washed well with water and dried.
Cons of cyclone dust collectors
1. One of the disadvantages of these vacuum cleaners is not very pleasant. This is washing and cleaning the filter. Of course, you don’t have to clean the container every day with a brush, but still, this is one of the minuses. Laziness is present in every person. Yes, it is certainly unpleasant to face the fact that you need to get your hands dirty.
2. Noise. The noise from this type of vacuum cleaner is much greater than from a conventional one.
3. Power consumption. It is also much higher than from a conventional vacuum cleaner. This is a small tornado.
Buy this little miracle or not, it's up to you. In fact, all its advantages cover those not many of its shortcomings. Cleanliness in the house is much more pleasant than not fully completed tidy, agree?
Personal impressions
Compared to the old vacuum cleaner, the cyclone dust collector looks quite modest in size. It is impossible to believe that such a little one is capable of something serious. Now old vacuum cleaner can only be used for wet cleaning.
I take out accessories, at the first use, I insert a pipe that is not large in diameter, I turn on the device, and what really surprises me is that the brush cleans carpets much better than my previous assistant.
He cleans everything. Dirt, the hair of our pets. Previously, it was necessary to make no small effort to cope with such “little things now”.
I have laminate flooring in the hallway and it was just as easy to clean. The fact is that I have another brush in stock, harder than the previous one for carpets, so I just coped with this task. You know, and the sound of this vacuum cleaner is not as loud as they wrote about it on the Internet. 
I am pleased with this device because it is light and not so loud. I also liked the compartment for storing all the necessary nozzles, it is very convenient that it is built into the vacuum cleaner itself.
Once I knew what this little tornado was capable of, it was time to clean the container. Thank God, when I began to shake out the garbage from the dust collector, it fell in dense large lumps.
Since the debris was tamped down by the air flow. There are no balls of dust to be seen, and it did not rise into the air! So I finished my first cleaning with my cyclone vacuum cleaner. I washed the container and that was the end of the cleaning!
Cyclone for vacuum cleaner photo
All vacuum cleaners are designed for one purpose - cleanliness. This applies to all vacuum cleaners.
Industrial and construction vacuum cleaners usually used on machines or for cleaning any premises. These vacuum cleaners are expensive, since the principle of operation of the cyclone filter vacuum cleaner must be selected carefully.
You should also know that most often industrial devices are used during repair and construction. Leave your workplace need to be clean.
DIY cyclone, made of transparent plastic video
Construction work is carried out after its preparation and surface cleaning. As you understand General cleaning impossible to do with a conventional vacuum cleaner. In other words, it is fraught with damage to the device.
Even small debris, such as: sand, oil, dry mixes, powdered abrasives and wood shavings, is designed only for an industrial vacuum cleaner.
If you suddenly go to choose a vacuum cleaner for construction works, then be sure to specify the types of pollution that it will encounter.
Have you thought about using a vacuum cleaner in repair conditions? Then consider the option of a do-it-yourself cyclone for a vacuum cleaner. There are many examples of how to make this kind of vacuum cleaner.
Do-it-yourself cyclone for a vacuum cleaner
1. In order to make such a vacuum cleaner on your own, you will need a Ural PN-600 vacuum cleaner, a plastic bucket (even out of paint), a pipe 20 cm long and 4 cm in diameter.
2. The nameplate is also unscrewed, and the holes must be sealed.
3. The pipe is quite thick and will not fit into the hole, so you need to grind off the rivets with a grinder and remove the pipe fasteners. Before that, remove the springs with clamps. Wrap electrical tape around the plug and insert onto the plug.
4. At the bottom, make a hole with a drill in the middle. Then expand it to 43 mm with a special tool.
5. Gaskets with a diameter of 4 mm are cut out to seal it.
6. Then you need to fold everything, the bucket lid, gasket, centering pipe.
7. Now we need self-tapping screws 10 mm long and 4.2 mm in diameter. Self-tapping screws will need 20 pieces.
8. From the side of the bucket, cut a hole along the suction pipe. The cutout angle should be 10-15 degrees.
9. We try on and edit the shape of the hole using special scissors that cut through metal.
10. Do not forget that you also need to try on inside. Also leave strips for self-tapping screws from the inside.
11. With a marker, mark the hole in the bucket and cut off the excess material with scissors. Fasten the pipe from the outside to the bucket.
12. To seal everything, use a 30x bandage. From an ordinary first aid kit and glue like "titanium" for foam. Wrap the bandage around the nozzle and saturate with glue. Preferably more than once!
13. While the glue dries, you can check how this vacuum cleaner will work. Turn on the vacuum cleaner and load it by blocking the nozzle with your palm. When checking the operation of the vacuum cleaner, the sealing process and connection with the nozzle are improved. It is unlikely that he will soon become obsolete.
14. Vacuum cleaner is best stored in a case.
When processing wooden blanks, everyone must have come across the fact that everything around is covered with a large amount of chips, sawdust and wood dust. In order to at least partially get rid of them, various dust collectors, chip extractors, filters and other devices are used. Many power tools and machine tools have their own dust collectors, while others have special outlets for connecting a vacuum cleaner.
In home workshops, it will be better to use special. vacuum cleaner than household. Firstly, the engine in special. the vacuum cleaner is designed for more than a long work, and secondly, as a rule, it is equipped with a hose with a length of 3 m, which greatly simplifies its use with power tools. And yet, the minus of each vacuum cleaner is a small container for garbage.
How to make a cyclone filter with your own hands
Having set out to somehow simplify the work of cleaning the vacuum cleaner and reduce the cost of bags, I began to collect information on this issue. I found a description on the Internet different types simple devices in the form of intermediate dust collectors for a vacuum cleaner. Firstly, these are dust collectors in the form of a mini-cyclone. They do a good job of collecting dust in a separate container, preventing it from getting into the vacuum cleaner, which increases the service life of the bags tenfold. The process of cleaning the dust collector from debris is also facilitated. Ready fixtures are sold through online stores, but their cost is quite high with a very simple design.
Design. I decided to make my own mini-cyclone dust collector. The author and developer of this design is Bill Pentz from California. Having earned himself a serious allergy to fine wood dust, he subsequently devoted a lot of time and effort to the fight against both the disease itself and its causes.
The dust collector is a device, the main element of which is an inverted truncated cone, inserted into the bottom of the dust collection container. A tube for connecting to a vacuum cleaner is inserted into the upper part of the dust collector, and a tube for connecting a hose from the tool is inserted tangentially on the side.
When air is drawn in by the vacuum cleaner, turbulences form inside the apparatus, and debris, moving along with the air, is thrown by centrifugal forces to the inner walls of the filter, where they continue their movement. But as the cone narrows, the particles collide more often, slow down their movement, and, under the influence of gravity, fall into the lower container. And the partially purified air changes direction and exits through a vertically installed pipe and enters the vacuum cleaner.
There are two mandatory requirements for this design. This is, firstly, its tightness, otherwise there will be a sharp loss of suction power and air purification quality. And, secondly, the rigidity of the container and the cyclone body itself - otherwise it strives to flatten.
There are tables on the Internet with drawings of cyclones for various particle sizes. The cyclone body can be made from galvanized or plastic, or you can choose a ready-made container of a similar shape. For example, I have seen cyclones based on a traffic cone (necessarily rigid), a plastic flower vase, a tin horn, a large copier toner tube, etc. It all depends on what size cyclone is needed. The larger the debris particles, the larger the diameter of the tubes for connecting hoses should be and the more massive the cyclone itself is.
Bill Pentz points out some of the features of his design. So, the smaller the cyclone in diameter, the greater the load on the vacuum cleaner. And if the garbage container is low and flat, then there is a possibility that garbage will be sucked out of the container and get into the vacuum cleaner. When using a container of any shape, it must not be filled to the top with garbage.
The choice of material. I decided to use as blanks plastic pipes For outdoor sewerage and fittings for them. Of course, it will not be possible to create a full-fledged cone from them, but I was not the first to try to use them for this purpose. The advantage of this choice is the rigidity of the parts and the tightness of their connections due to seals. Another plus is that there are various rubber pipe inserts that allow you to easily and tightly connect the vacuum cleaner hose. In addition, if necessary, the structure can be easily disassembled.
For your own to collect large sawdust and shavings I made a cyclone from a pipe ∅160 mm. I used ∅50 mm pipes as hose connectors. I want to draw your attention to the fact that the eccentric adapter from a pipe ∅110 mm to ∅160 mm must be funnel-shaped. I have seen flat ones, but they won't fit - nothing will work with them, and debris will get stuck.
Do-it-yourself cyclone progress of work
Operating procedure. In the plug for the ∅160 mm pipe and the body pipe, I made holes for the hose outlets. Further, using a thermal gun, I glued a piece of pipe ∅50 mm into the plug. It should be located in the middle of the cyclone body and be a couple of centimeters below the side tube, so it is better to first glue the longer pipe into the plug, and then cut it in place during assembly.
On the Internet, I found complaints that hot melt adhesive does not stick to PVC pipe, and advice to weld parts with a soldering iron and pieces of the pipe itself. I tried, but didn't do it. Firstly, the glue adhered perfectly to me, and, secondly, the smell of melted plastic discouraged any desire to weld anything in this way, although the connection may be more durable and neat.
The difficulty of working with hot melt adhesive is that it does not spread, and the seam, in the absence of skills, is not very even. I had such a sad experience - I decided to heat it with a hair dryer to even out the seam. flat surface I got a glue influx, but at the same time the plastic tube itself was deformed, and I had to throw it away.
In the next step, I glued to inner surface body spiral, which should direct the air flow down to the dust collector. This solution was recommended by Bill Pentz himself - according to him, this almost doubles the efficiency of the cyclone. The spiral with a height of about 20% of the gap should fit snugly against the body and make one turn with a pitch equal to the diameter of the inlet for the side pipe.
As a material for it, I used a plastic rod, which I heated with a hair dryer and bent in the form of a spiral (photo 1), and then glued it into the case (photo 2) using a heat gun. Then glued the side tube (photo 3), the inner end of which is directed slightly downward.
As soon as the glue had cooled and hardened, I measured and cut the vertical outlet tube so that it was 2-3 cm below the cut of the side tube, and finally assembled the whole structure.
Waste container made of rigid plastic barrel, to the bottom of which I attached wheels - it turned out to be very convenient for cleaning it (photo 4). I cut a viewing window on the side of the barrel and closed it. acrylic glass on hot melt. I reinforced the connection with a plastic ring and bolts from above. Through such a porthole it is convenient to monitor the filling of the container.
I didn’t have a barrel lid, and I made it from a piece of countertop, which had been waiting in the wings for a long time after inserting a sink in the kitchen (photo 5). On the underside of the countertop, a milling cutter selected a groove under the edges of the barrel and glued a window seal into it to seal the connection. (photo 6). The hole in the lid is supposed to be in the center, but then I would have problems placing the cyclone in the workshop, so I made an offset hole. The lid is attached to the barrel with latches from a long-broken vacuum cleaner. From him also used a hose to connect the cyclone. I want to draw your attention to the fact that it is better to take hoses from vacuum cleaners. If you take, say, a corrugated pipe for electrical wiring, when you turn on the vacuum cleaner, a whistle and a terrible noise appear.
Do-it-yourself cyclone for a vacuum cleaner
Connecting the cyclone to the instrument. Not all tools have an outlet for a vacuum cleaner. So I decided to make a simple adjustable vacuum cleaner hose holder. For him, from scraps of plywood, he made blanks for levers (photo 7). The holder was supplemented with a sewer clamp for attaching the hose (photo 8). Specially made stand large sizes so that it is possible to fix it with a clamp or hold it with a load. The holder turned out to be convenient - I use it not only for a vacuum cleaner hose, but also for a portable lamp, laser level and supporting a long workpiece in a horizontal position.
After assembling the cyclone, he conducted several experiments to determine its efficiency. To do this, he sucked in a glass of fine dust, after which he measured its volume that fell into the dust collector capacity. As a result, I was convinced that about 95% of all garbage gets into the barrel, and only very fine dust, and then an insignificant amount of it, gets into the vacuum cleaner bag. This result suits me quite well - now I clean the bag 20 times less often, and only from fine dust, which is much easier. And this despite the fact that my design is far from perfect in terms of shape and proportions, which, of course, reduces efficiency.
Wiring. After checking the performance of the cyclone, I decided to make a stationary distribution of hoses around the workshop, since a three-meter hose is certainly not enough, and a vacuum cleaner with a cyclone is bulky and clumsy, it is inconvenient to move them around the workshop every time.
Due to the fact that standard pipes were used, it was possible to mount such a wiring in an hour. I pushed the vacuum cleaner and cyclone into the farthest corner, and laid pipes ∅50 mm around the workshop (photo 9).
In the workshop I use a specialized BOSCH green series vacuum cleaner. After four months of operation in tandem with a cyclone, I can say that they are generally coping with their task. But I would like to slightly increase the suction power (when working with a jigsaw, you have to move the hose almost close to the cutting zone) and reduce the noise level. Since few chips get into the vacuum cleaner itself, there is an idea to make a more powerful impeller and take it outside the workshop to the street.
I can also say that the suction power of the vacuum cleaner dropped a little when using it with a cyclone, but at work it is not very noticeable. There were doubts that static electricity could accumulate on the elements, because the whole structure is plastic, but this practically does not happen, although earlier, when collecting fine dust, the hose had to be grounded.
Of course, when using professional pipes with large outlets, pipelines of this diameter are not enough. It is better to take ∅110 mm or more, but then both the vacuum cleaner and the cyclone should be more powerful. However, for my homework, this is enough.
The hose of the vacuum cleaner was firmly fixed on a small pipe outlet ∅50 mm and inserted it in the right place of the wiring. At the same time, the remaining wiring outputs are closed with plugs, rigidly put on short taps. Relocating the hose is a matter of seconds.
During operation, I encountered one small problem. If a small pebble gets into the hose (the concrete floors have not been repaired for a long time) or another small but heavy object, it moves through the pipes to the vertical section in front of the cyclone and remains there. When such particles accumulate, other debris clings to them, and a blockage may form. Therefore, in front of the vertical section of the wiring, I embedded a chamber from a ∅110 mm pipe with an inspection window. Now all the heavy debris is collected there, and by unscrewing the lid, it is easy to get it. This is very convenient when fasteners or small detail. here it’s simple - I unscrew the lid, turn on the vacuum cleaner and mix everything that remains in the revision with my hand. Small particles immediately fly into the cyclone tank, while large particles remain and are easily removed. Their number is usually insignificant, but recently I found a missing screwdriver bit in such garbage.
Also, the inspection hole can be used for temporary connection of a ∅100 mm hose. It is enough to unscrew the cover - and we get a finished hole ∅100 mm. Naturally, in this case it is necessary to muffle all other wiring inputs. A flexible adapter can be used to simplify connection. (photo 10).
To remotely turn on the vacuum cleaner, a switch was installed next to the hose clamp (photo 11) and additional . It can be used to connect a power tool, then you will definitely not forget to turn on the vacuum cleaner before using the tool - this often happens to me.
I use all of the above devices on a regular basis. I am satisfied with the result - there is noticeably less dust in the workshop, it is easier to clean. During this time, I collected several bags of sawdust, and very little debris accumulates in the vacuum cleaner. I want to check the cyclone for collecting small garden debris and dust when cleaning the concrete floor.
I think this design very useful and affordable for making at home.
Sergey Golovkov, Rostov region, Novocherkassk
A special vacuum cleaner is different from a regular one. If the latter is applicable for a small amount of small debris, then a special model is intended for collection, for example, in home workshops. However, it is expensive. And why pay the right money if you can make a cyclone for a vacuum cleaner with your own hands? Why exactly a cyclone and what is it? This is an important element, with the help of which the capacity of the garbage vacuum cleaner is increased, which means that it brings more benefits. If you need, then we have already prepared detailed instructions.
Features and Benefits
The purchase of a vacuum cleaner should be approached with all seriousness, because low power apparatus can create a lot of problems and will not allow you to achieve the purity that you aspire to. Listen to the advice of a sales assistant, which will not only save money, but also make a rational choice.
It is best to stop at models with a cyclone filter, whose power is about 1800 watts. Fortunately, today many manufacturers produce similar models so the choice is easy to make.
The principle of operation of the cyclone filter for a vacuum cleaner
The advantages of cyclone dust collectors include:
- transparency. You can always notice if a random object gets inside;
- high power. Due to the maximum possible power, there is no need to slow down even with a fully loaded container;
- due to its low weight, such a device can significantly save storage space;
- no need to spend money on paper bags for a vacuum cleaner;
- when filling, the vacuum cleaner does not lose its power in operation;
- this vacuum cleaner is easy to clean and dry;
- it is easy to do it yourself, since everything you need can be found in your home. To make a cyclone-type vacuum cleaner, you can use any engine - from the old washing machine or a broken vacuum cleaner.
Flaws
There are a number of disadvantages to keep in mind when choosing a cyclonic vacuum cleaner. These include:
- the centrifuge of this model does not retain the smallest dust, so it is better for allergy sufferers to refuse to work with such a device;
- during operation, the vacuum cleaner makes a loud, shrill sound;
- an uncomfortable hose, which, due to frequent entanglement, can break at any time;
- due to the frequent clogging of the filter, the suction capacity of the vacuum cleaner is sharply reduced.
Cyclone vacuum cleaner
Characteristics
Cyclone vacuum cleaners have a number of important characteristics, depending on which models differ from each other:
- container volume. It makes no sense to buy a vacuum cleaner with a flask volume of less than one and a half liters, given the garbage that this device has to collect. In addition, it should be checked that it is as easy as possible to clean the vacuum cleaner after work;
- suction power. The quality of cleaning depends on it, but this indicator should not be confused with the power consumption;
- filtration system. It depends on it how clean the outgoing air will be, which is especially important for allergy sufferers. Most modern models HEPA filters are installed at the outlet, which can stop the exit of even the smallest dust particles. Remember, not all filters are washable;
- convenience of a hose design. When buying a vacuum cleaner, check the maximum length of the telescopic tube to see if it is long enough. For high-quality units, all joints are tightly fixed, but at the same time they are easily disconnected if necessary;
- placement of control buttons. They can be on the body or handle;
- the length of the cord to connect to the network. The optimal length, which is sufficient for the full use of the vacuum cleaner, can be from 8 to 10 meters;
- equipment. A good vacuum cleaner should come with maximum amount nozzles.
Industrial vacuum cleaners of the cyclone system
In the woodworking industry, production, places where there is a large accumulation of dust, a cyclone vacuum cleaner is indispensable. Thanks to constant strength garbage suction, increased efficiency Such a device guarantees fast and most importantly high-quality cleaning of a room of any area. Taking into account the characteristics, industrial models of cyclone vacuum cleaners are divided into:
- vacuum cleaners that collect low-hazard garbage and dust;
- for garbage of medium and high danger, which includes concrete dust, asbestos, carcinogens;
- for explosive dust. Often used in elevators.
Industrial cyclone vacuum cleaner
Principle of operation
Before you start making such an important mechanism, you should understand its principle of operation. So, a cyclone is a filter, in other words - cyclonic filter to the workshop. In fact, this is a miracle, as it significantly simplifies the work of the masters, more precisely, their cleaning for the fruits of their creativity.
How does a cyclone vacuum cleaner work?
The work is based on the fact that any dust and sawdust do not get to the vacuum cleaner itself, the power does not decrease, unnecessary debris that clogs them does not get into ordinary filters. The tube draws air into itself, its flow twists in a spiral. Weighty dust, such as sawdust, enters the narrow passage of the cone, and the air flow or suspension is sent to the vacuum cleaner.
It is not difficult to make such a cyclone, you just need to have necessary materials and know how to use them. There are several options for how to do this.
First option
| Necessary materials | Stages of work | Add-ons |
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If you can’t put the filter on the pipe, you need to make an adapter. They can be a rubber hose. All connections should be coated with sealant. When the inlet closes, the bucket may crack. In this regard, it is necessary to strengthen its walls or install a valve, the main thing is to make the right measurements. |
Oil filter
Exit from the cyclone
Entry assembly
Second option
Another option is based on the use of a cone for the road, the height of which is 520 millimeters. It is made of non-rigid plastic. So, in the design you need:
- conical shape;
- twenty-liter container and a well-closing lid;
- a pair of plumbing pipes with a diameter of forty millimeters;
- corner adapter;
- 16mm wood plywood.
In essence, the creation is similar to the above example. Just a few additions - a pair of identical circular shapes should be cut out onto the flask cover and glued together. This will keep the cone firmly in place. Connections need to be put on thermal glue, guns can be used. The last part of the vertical pipe must be lowered below the horizontal one, which will allow creating the movement of the vortex nature of the garbage particles exactly along the cone, after which they will fall into the flask.
Do-it-yourself manufacturing nuances
Although it will not be difficult to make a cyclone-type vacuum cleaner on your own, some nuances that can affect the quality of the device in the future should be taken into account. Here are some tips:
- refuse to install a HEPA filter, because due to the failure of the smallest particles to reach the surface, the suction power will constantly decrease, and the cleaning quality will deteriorate. Immediately be prepared that without such a filter, an unpleasant odor will occur during the operation of the vacuum cleaner;
- to optimize the operation of the vacuum cleaner will allow the connection of two hoses - for suction and for blowing;
- choose a motor with more than 6 thousand revolutions. As a motor, you can use a part from an old vacuum cleaner or a refrigerator compressor;
- in order to avoid malfunctions, be sure to install a fan on the vacuum cleaner and monitor the tightness of the container;
- if necessary, the device can be equipped with a water tank.
It's so easy to make a cyclone, the main thing is to keep the proportions, and also tune in to the fact that everything will definitely work out!
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