Do-it-yourself wall insulation inside the house. Insulation of walls inside the house. Warming of panel houses

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The question of warming the house from the inside causes a lot of controversy. There are people who are ardent opponents of this method of insulation, and there are those who believe that thermal insulation will help make the house cozier and warmer. In this article, we will not support either side, but simply try to understand the features internal insulation Houses.

The essence and problems of internal insulation

The concept of "insulation inside" means covering the surface of the walls with special insulating materials.

Many experts oppose indoor insulation. In their opinion, it is better to use internal insulation only as a last resort, because this method of thermal insulation causes serious problems:

Walls don't get warm. Absence internal thermal insulation allows warm air from the room to pass through the walls and heat them. After coating inside walls with insulating material warm air unable to go outside. The walls of the room do not heat up. Moreover, cracks begin to appear on them over time.
Condensate. Condensation appears under the insulating materials after a minimum period of time. His appearance will reduce thermal insulation properties and also promote the formation of fungus. Ultimately, this will lead to the gradual destruction of the wall.
"Steals" area. Unfortunately, experts have not yet come up with heat-insulating materials that would differ in small thickness. Most heaters have a thickness of 5 cm. And this significantly reduces the total area of \u200b\u200bthe room.

If you still decide on internal thermal insulation, you need to familiarize yourself with all the methods of such insulation.

There are 3 of them:

Foam insulation;
Sticking on the walls of mineral wool;
Insulation with wood fiber boards.

Styrofoam and mineral wool are also used to insulate walls from the outside. The laying of these materials outside and inside is carried out according to the same technology. The use of wood fiber boards requires special knowledge.

Experts recommend laying polystyrene and mineral wool in 2 ways:

standard. This option is no different from the insulation of the outer side of the walls. You need to pre-clean the surface, fix the material, reinforce and decorate.
Using a framework. First you should make a frame out of metal or wood. Further, the warming process is carried out in the same way as described in method 1. The use of the frame allows you to avoid the formation of condensate, because the material is not attached "tightly" to the wall.

Experts also advise thinking about creating removable panels. This will give you the opportunity to observe the appearance of condensation and take the necessary protective measures.

fibreboard

Fibreboard (MDF) is most often used for finishing the outside of walls.

The advantages of this material are obvious:

It perfectly retains heat, and also absorbs noise.
Plates are treated with poisonous agents, so insects and rodents will not settle in your home.
Fiberboard perfectly tolerates changes in moisture and temperature.
To cut the plates, you can use any tool.
Ease of installation. It will be enough for you to nail the plates with nails from 3.5 cm long. It is best to fasten the nails in a checkerboard pattern. For nailing 1 sheet, as a rule, 16-18 nails are used. On plastered walls, fiberboard can be glued using mastic or PVA.
The ability to lay wiring using special grooves for this.

The use of fiberboards does not guarantee that condensation will not appear on the walls in the future or other difficulties will not arise.

When choosing a thermal insulation material, experts advise remembering the following criteria:

Environmental friendliness. If the material contains toxins, they will begin to be released into the room, causing harm to the occupants.
fire safety. The insulation must be resistant to high temperatures.
Durability. Insulation should not quickly lose its shape and properties.
Low thermal conductivity. Good insulation keeps heat in the room, and does not let it out. The lower the thermal conductivity, the thinner the heat insulator sheets you need.
moisture resistance. Choose a material that does not absorb moisture well.

In preparation for the internal wall insulation, you will need to purchase other materials.

Except thermal insulation material, you will need:

bar. You cannot do without it if mineral wool is used for insulation. The width of the material should slightly exceed the thickness of the insulation. If you decide to use foam, then use special glue instead of timber.
Reiki. They will be needed to attach the vapor barrier.
vapor barrier. In order for the walls of the room to “breathe”, experts recommend using a special membrane that allows air to pass through.
Clean material. If you are going to create a frame for insulation, then buy drywall or lining. You will also need wallpaper and putty to bring the thermal insulation material into an aesthetic appearance.
Consumables. You will not succeed in attaching foam plastic and mineral wool without plastic dowels with a wide hat.
Antiseptics. To reduce the likelihood of mold or mildew, treat the insulation with these products.
Waterproofing. Experts advise to purchase a "breathing" membrane.

When all necessary materials acquired, it's time to start the process of warming.

How to insulate a wall from the inside with your own hands: technology for performing work

You can perform internal insulation yourself. To do this, you must follow the technology of work. That is what we will consider next.

If you think that the insulation of the inside of the walls begins with the installation of the frame, then you are mistaken.

The first stage of internal insulation includes:

Drying the surface of the walls.
Sealing all chips and cracks.
Surface treatment with antiseptic agents.
Applying a primer if the insulation is attached to the adhesive.

Performing all of the above actions significantly increases the adhesive properties of the wall.

is performed in the following sequence:

Cover the walls with waterproofing.
First, the frame is assembled from wooden beam. To fasten the bars, use self-tapping screws with a wide thread.

It is best to install wooden frame elements in a vertical position. Thanks to this, moisture that will accumulate under the materials will be able to flow down unhindered. The width between the bars should be slightly less than the mineral wool slabs.

When the frame assembly is completed, you will need to:

Install mineral wool slabs between the bars so that there are no gaps.
Attach the heat insulator with dowels.
Stretch the vapor barrier film on top and fix it.
Stretch the membrane horizontally.

You can additionally seal the joints on the membrane with adhesive tape.

The last stage of mineral wool insulation is sheathing the surface with drywall, clapboard or plywood using self-tapping screws or nails. Fastening of clean material is carried out on the bars of the frame.

Ceiling insulation is performed using the same technology. If it is necessary to insulate the attic or attic from the inside, it is recommended to apply thermal insulation on top of the ceiling. For residential premises, it is better to use a vapor barrier film in 2 layers: 1 layer is under the mineral wool slabs, and 2 is above the insulation.

If you want to save time, then you can use foam. This method of insulation includes the following mandatory steps:

The surface of the walls must be leveled and primed.
Further, the walls are treated with an antiseptic.
When the surface dries, 6 holes are made on the foam board: 4 at the edges, and 2 in the middle. You also need to make a hole in the wall.
Using a roller, the surface of the sheet is smeared with glue.
The foam is applied to the wall and held for several seconds.

Gluing foam sheets should be done in a checkerboard pattern.

When all foam sheets are glued, it is necessary to seal the seams:

Narrow seams are sealed with mounting foam.
Slots from 4 cm are sealed with pieces of foam.

The technology of its installation is as follows:

Styrofoam plates are lubricated with glue.
The mesh is soaked in glue, and then applied to the foam sheets.
When the glue dries, do not forget to sand the surface.
Further walls can be plastered or wallpapered on them.

If almost everyone can handle wallpapering, then plastering can be done by a person who has the necessary knowledge.

The plastering process occurs in the following sequence:

After the adhesive has completely dried, the surface must be sanded. By the way, instead of glue for mounting the reinforcing mesh, you can use a primer.
Then the mixture is applied with a thickness of 0.4-0.5 cm.
When the layer dries in about a day, grout the walls.
After that, the surface is re-primed and covered with a finishing layer 0.2-0.3 cm thick.

It is possible to insulate the inner side of the walls according to the method described above in any room for the construction of which foam blocks were used.

This technique has been successfully used for warming the second floor. The only thing that is required of you is to select and purchase high quality materials and perform the insulation procedure according to the technology.

We hope that after reading this article, you are convinced that the procedure for insulating walls from the inside is not complicated. Even a non-professional builder can cope with this task.

If heating bills in winter cause you a panic attack, and the walls of the house constantly “sweat”, then some miscalculations were made during construction, and it's time to think about warming. This is not a simple and expensive matter, which is why it is so important to carefully approach the choice of materials.

In this article, we will tell you how to insulate the walls of the house from the inside, and compare several popular types of insulation to make it easier for you to make a choice.

Main characteristics

Before proceeding to the choice of how to insulate the walls from the inside of the house, it is necessary to clearly understand what qualities these materials should have. To one degree or another, all heaters have the same set of quality characteristics, but the difficulty of choosing lies in the fact that different materials have them in different proportions.

So, let's figure out what qualities must necessarily be present in a heater:

Degree of thermal insulation. Miscellaneous materials have varying degrees of isolation, and it often makes no sense to overpay for extra features when they are not really needed. This parameter largely affects the final cost, so it makes sense, if not to save money, then pay for other criteria.

Vapor permeability. This indicator is very important, especially if condensation constantly forms on your walls, which, if it does not evaporate, will eventually turn into fungus or mold. The insulation must allow moisture to evaporate freely from the surface of the wall.
dimensions. With the same heat capacity, heaters can have different thicknesses. Since the topic of our article is how to insulate the walls inside the house, then how thinner sheet insulation, the better, as this will allow you not to hide the cherished centimeters from the total area of \u200b\u200bthe room.
No cold bridges. The problem with many heaters is that cold bridges always form at the junction, which can adversely affect the finish. It is better to give preference to the material that has tight joints that will not freeze through.
Ease of attachment. Wall insulation is a simple process, and in most cases it does not make sense to involve specialists, and all work can be done by hand, but there are also materials that may require not only professional skills, but also special expensive equipment for installation.

Shape saving. Some types of low-quality insulation may lose their shape over time, and as a result, their quality. It is expensive and difficult to redo repairs, so it is better to carefully select a material that will retain its original shape throughout its entire service life.

Both builders and manufacturers argue about whether it is possible to insulate houses from the inside insulation materials, but everyone agrees that in most cases, wall insulation from the inside will not best solution- if possible, it is better to do external thermal insulation of the house. However, if there is no choice, you should carefully study the features and rules for choosing and installing insulation so that the internal thermal insulation is effective, safe and durable. How to insulate the walls of the house from the inside and how to do it?

Indoors, walls can be insulated only in cases where it is impossible to change the facade of the building or to outer surface walls are not accessible. It is recommended to avoid wall insulation from the inside of the house because it has a number of significant drawbacks:

The dew point moves inward. The wall begins to freeze through its entire thickness, cold meets warm air at the junction of the wall and the insulation, and condensation forms on its surface. This has many negative consequences: wet wall a fungus may develop, the effectiveness of the heat-insulating material decreases, it lags behind the wall, collapses; in addition, the decorative finish is spoiled.
A frozen wall loses its heat storage properties. It becomes difficult to control the air temperature in the room - it starts to warm up faster due to the operation of heaters or direct sunlight out the window and cool faster when airing.

It is impossible to provide 100% thermal insulation, since it will not be possible to insulate the walls from the inside over their entire surface - cold bridges will remain at the intersection outer wall With internal partitions.
The humidity in the room increases. This, again, contributes to the formation of mold and is generally unhealthy. To ensure good air exchange, you will have to constantly ventilate the apartment, which will lead to an increase in heating costs.
The useful area of the apartment is decreasing - especially if, due to climatic conditions in the region, it is necessary to install insulation for the walls of the house in a thick layer.
If thermal insulation work is not carried out before the start of repairs in the room, it is necessary to dismantle the entire decorative trim which complicates the work and makes it more expensive.

by the most dangerous consequence internal thermal insulation becomes condensate inside the room, which leads to accelerated destruction of walls and damage finishing materials. This can be partially avoided by accurately calculating required thickness insulation layer and choosing the right material. Thus, warming the house from the inside is expensive and unsafe, but sometimes inevitable.

How to avoid condensation

If you still had to deal with internal thermal insulation, then before you figure out how to insulate the house from the inside, you need to understand whether negative consequences can be avoided. The dryness of the walls inside the house can be ensured by protecting the place where the dew point is formed from moisture.

For this you need:

Use a quality multi-layer waterproofing membrane. Polyethylene film will not work. In addition, it must be properly laid - with an overlap, with sealing of the joints.
Choose a heater with a minimum vapor permeability. If the material from which the walls of the house are made has this indicator higher, then the moisture formed between the insulation and the surface of the wall will not condense, but will come out.
Mount the heater close to the wall. To do this, glue must be applied to it in an even continuous layer, and not with beacons.

Provide forced ventilation rooms, as well as install windows with air exchange valves.
Accurately calculate the thickness of the insulation layer. It is impossible to focus on average parameters, since it is possible to properly insulate walls only by taking into account all the characteristics of a particular material, premises and climatic features of the region.
Treat the insulated wall with antifungal and antibacterial agents. You can use a special antiseptic primer. You can start work only after the surface of the wall is completely saturated and dry.

When insulating an apartment from the inside, it is very important to get rid of all possible cold bridges. They are formed at the joints of the insulation boards and in those places where the wall is connected to the ceilings and internal partitions. To improve the effectiveness of insulation, it is necessary to lay the heat-insulating material with a call to the internal walls, floor and ceiling.

The choice of heat-insulating material and the technology of installation of insulation

Mineral wool

It is not recommended to choose this material, since it will not work effectively enough to insulate the wall in the apartment from the inside. However, cotton wool is the easiest to use and cheaper than other options, so it is often resorted to.

Vata exists in two versions:

rolls;
basalt slabs.

If there is no other choice, it is better to use wool in the form of plates - this insulation is denser, has better thermal resistance, and does not settle over time. The rolled type of cotton wool has a too high rate of vapor permeability, absorbs moisture well, so that the walls insulated with it will probably get wet. However, there is also a possibility of moisture penetration under the insulation when using plates with a density of 75 kg / m3 or more. You can reduce the risk of condensation by using good vapor barrier material and properly installing thermal insulation.

Insulation from the inside with mineral wool is carried out as follows:

At a distance from the wall surface, a frame is constructed from wooden slats or aluminum profile.
The first layer of mineral wool is laid under the frame. It is necessary to glue it to the wall as tightly as possible.
The second layer of basalt wool slabs is laid between the frame laths with the joints offset relative to the first layer.
A layer of vapor barrier membrane is laid.
Drywall is mounted on the frame.

Due to the characteristics of mineral wool, vapor barriers must be given Special attention when the internal insulation of the walls of the house is carried out. Can not use polyethylene film, a more efficient vapor barrier multilayer membrane is needed. TO wooden frame it can be attached with a stapler, be sure to overlap; it is glued to the profile with double-sided tape.

The overlap when laying the membrane should be at least 100 mm, the joints should fall on the frame elements and be glued securely. The vapor barrier must extend to the surfaces adjacent to the wall. Places of contact of the membrane with the surfaces should be additionally sealed. liquid sealant applied to a wall, pipe or other structure, then the membrane is pressed to the junction; after the sealant dries, the membrane is fixed with adhesive tape.

High-quality installation will reduce, but not completely eliminate the risk of condensation when using mineral wool. It is better to consider other, polymeric, types of insulation for walls from the inside.

Styrofoam and XPS

Expanded polystyrene, or polystyrene, is much better suited for insulating a wall in an apartment from the inside. This is facilitated by its following characteristics:

low thermal conductivity due to the presence of air in the cells of the material;
low vapor permeability and almost no hygroscopicity;
high strength, including compressive and tensile strength;
small mass;
ease of processing with your own hands - you can cut the material with an ordinary knife.

Ordinary or extruded polystyrene foam of sufficient density, even with a relatively small thickness, will provide enough effective thermal insulation premises. It is recommended to choose it not only because of the ease of installation, but also because it can be most effectively insulated from the inside of the apartment: it does not allow moisture to pass through, so condensation will not appear. The main thing is to correctly glue the foam plates, sealing the joints and ensuring a snug fit to the wall.

When using expanded polystyrene for thermal insulation of residential premises, it is important to take into account some of its disadvantages. So, it practically does not protect against noise. In addition, when burned, it releases toxic compounds into the air. Another disadvantage is the high cost of EPPS, but it is compensated by the fact that it is not necessary to lay a vapor barrier membrane, and it is definitely not necessary to redo the thermal insulation due to the destruction of the insulation, as is the case with improper installation of stone wool.

Polystyrene insulation for walls inside the apartment should have a high density - 25–30 kg / m3. You can determine the density by marking, which looks like "PSB-S-25", where 25 means the desired parameter.

Installation of expanded polystyrene plates on the inner wall is carried out as follows:

The surface of the wall is cleaned, primed and dried.
Insulation plates are glued in rows with offset joints. It is advisable to use polyurethane adhesive, which is applied to the entire surface of the expanded polystyrene board.
Additionally, the plates are fixed with special plastic dowels.
Joints are sealed silicone sealant, large gaps are filled with mounting foam.
Reinforcing fiberglass fabric is overlapped over the insulation. On top of it, you can lay the plaster under the decorative finish. Another option is to immediately glue drywall instead of reinforcement.

There is another installation method. At the long ends of the PPS plates, grooves in the form of corners are selected. Two plates are joined, the seam is sealed. Then it is inserted into the groove wooden plank. The resulting structure is fixed on the wall with self-tapping screws. This method is more convenient, since in this case it is possible to insulate the room faster and more economically. In addition, the boards can be used as a frame for attaching drywall.

Should other options be considered?

There are also more modern insulation for walls from the inside - polyurethane foam, heat-insulating plaster, polyethylene foam and even ceramic-based thermal paint. Among them, only the first material is worthy of attention; other options are actually of little use for insulating an apartment from the inside. Polyurethane foam is a regular foam, similar to mounting, which is applied to the surface to be insulated using a special sprayer.

The material is good in that it reliably adheres to any surface, penetrates into all cracks, is monolithic and vapor-tight. It hardens quickly and does not form any cold bridges. However, polyurethane foam is quite expensive, and working with it on your own will not work.

Thus, if it is necessary to insulate the walls from the inside, it is best to use polystyrene foam. This heat insulator has the most suitable characteristics, and it is not difficult to install it yourself. Subject to the insulation technology, it will effectively protect the house from the cold.

Today, many experts are of the opinion that from the inside it harms it more than it benefits. But there are ways to insulate a home that can really make it much more comfortable and cozy. But before choosing this type of insulation, it is better to understand what it is and why experts do not recommend it.

The essence and problems of internal insulation

When insulating a house from the inside, you need to take into account some features.

Most experts really believe that inside is only in extreme cases, advising insulation outside. What is meant in this case by the word "within"? This refers to the direct coating of the walls of rooms with any materials. And if floors, ceilings and some other areas can be easily insulated, it is with the insulation of walls that a lot of problems arise.

The main difficulty is the transition of the wall surface to the cold zone. Usually, if there is no thermal insulation, the warm air from the room passes through the walls, heating them. If insulation is laid from the inside, air masses will collide with them, not being able to go outside. All walls in this case remain cold, and there is a risk of cracks.

For this reason alone, it is worth considering whether it is necessary to insulate a private house from the inside instead of insulation from the outside. It is logical: why waste money and your strength, if as a result you can get only cracked walls and cold room? But this is only part of the difficulty. In addition to damage to the insulated surfaces, there is condensate and other troubles that will appear after a minimum time if at least a small mistake is made during the insulation work.

About building materials

Mineral wool as a heater is well suited for insulation wooden house.

However, even despite all the shortcomings, it is increasingly being decided to insulate a wooden or brick private house from the inside. For the sake of warm winters and their comfort, the owners are ready to take risks. To reduce the likelihood of an unpleasant outcome, you need to carefully study the isolation technology, all its nuances.

Today, in all the variety of heaters, three can be especially distinguished:

extruded polystyrene foam (foam or polystyrene);
mineral wool;
wood fiber boards.

Wall covering with mineral wool and foam

Mineral wool and polystyrene are also suitable for insulation. brick house from within.

There are two options for laying these materials. One of them, the standard one, repeats all the steps from the outside: laying slabs on a pre-cleaned surface, mechanical fixing, reinforcement and subsequent decoration. It is this method of insulation that leads to the problems described above. More condensation accumulates on the walls, cracks appear faster, plus the house loses footage that can be used more successfully.

The second option for warming with mineral wool or polystyrene foam is the most successful. At the first stage, a special wooden or metal carcass. It is in it that the heater is laid. Perhaps this design is similar to the previous one, but there are differences that allow you to control what is happening inside, avoiding difficulties, because insulating materials are not “tightly” mounted to the wall.

Advice! You can create removable panels with which it is easy to observe the occurrence of condensate and protect foam or mineral wool from it.

fibreboard

Before starting insulation work panel house learn the technology from the inside.

Fiberboard is a fairly common material that is used for various purposes, including for finishing houses outside. It is for them that it is better to insulate buildings because of their excellent insulating characteristics and the ability to absorb noise. Often, owners of private houses want not only to make a wooden or brick house warm, but also protect it from extraneous sounds. Wood fiber boards are great for this, combining both properties and providing an opportunity to save money.

You can cut and process the edges of the plates with any available tools, which makes the finishing options very diverse. Their installation is also very simple: it can be done correctly and simply by nailing with long (more than 35 mm) nails.

Advice! It is better to use 16-18 fasteners per plate.

Dural plates are placed under the nail heads. Driving should be done correctly in a checkerboard pattern.

Advice! It is better to drown the fastener heads a little in the insulation so that they do not stick out.

Important! If the walls of the house are plastered, fiberboard can not be nailed, but glued to PVA or special mastic.

The method of insulating the walls of a private house with wood fiber boards is quite good, but also does not guarantee that there will be no problems in the future. That is why experts advise. But this method also has its merits. One of them is the possibility of laying electrical cables inside the surface.

Important! For cables, special grooves must be installed in advance.

Ceiling surface insulation

Ceilings are almost always included in the set of home insulation works, since it is through the roof that a wooden or brick house loses a greater percentage of heat. It is quite difficult to insulate it correctly using the same fiberboard, since the material must be lifted and an aluminum support made for it.

About floors

If the ceiling of the lower floor is well insulated, the floors of the second and subsequent floors will always remain warm. On the first floor, the floor must be properly insulated so that the house, especially if it is panel, does not receive cold from the basement.

All floor insulation options are also based on fibreboard, which in this case are used with other materials in combination. For example, before laying fiberboard you can close the floor with roofing material, after dismantling the existing coating. If the owners do not want to bother with this, the option is used with insulation from the outside with special carpets. They are coated with a special substance that retains dust and at the same time simplifies cleaning.

Important! When using carpeting, fiberboard is still necessary. They are nailed to the floor, after which they are processed with an adhesive mass.

At the same time, it is correct to apply the glue not over the entire area, but in strips a few centimeters wide.

Advice! For better adhesion of surfaces, carpets can be pressed with boards for a day.

There are many negative opinions about whether it is possible to insulate walls from the inside. On the other hand, it is not always possible to sheathe the walls of a private house or apartment with insulation due to different reasons. Therefore, the internal thermal insulation of the premises also has the right to life, the main thing is to correctly perform this insulation with your own hands, which will be discussed in the material presented below.

When you can and can not do insulation from the inside

All the problems that internal wall insulation can create are largely contrived and often exaggerated by supporters. external thermal insulation. The most common statement is about the dew point that occurs in the wall, which, after the wall is insulated from the inside, moves to its inner surface, as a result of which condensate appears at the insulation / wall boundary, followed by various fungi. Since the process is hidden from view by a heat-insulating layer, the problem is already detected at an advanced stage.

This is not entirely true. In fact, the dew point in the thickness of the wall is constantly moving, because the temperature outside and inside changes even during the day. Therefore, specialists in building thermal physics operate with such a concept as a zone of possible condensation, and not just one point. Within this zone, moisture necessarily condenses, regardless of the method of insulation, the only question is its quantity.

If there is no significant intake of vapor from the outside, then moisture falls out only from the air inside the wall, and this is a meager amount. And since condensation is accompanied by the release of heat, this moisture can quickly evaporate. When a large number of steam penetrates the walls from the street or from rooms, then dampness can form, which often affects cold concrete walls.

Important. If concrete or walls made of other materials are wet, then it is not allowed to insulate the house from the inside until the causes of dampness are clarified and eliminated. Often such reasons are high indoor humidity and lack of supply and exhaust ventilation.

In contrast to negative judgments, we will give a couple of typical examples from practice. The first one is insulation. pitched roof private house, because it is carried out only from the inside. If the heat-insulating "pie" is made correctly, then all the resulting moisture is safely removed from the insulation. The same applies to frame house, where it acts as thermal insulation mineral wool, which is part of the outer wall.

The reasons why homeowners are forced to insulate the house from the inside are quite good:

it is technically very difficult to sheathe a wall with insulation from the outside, but it is generally impossible to do it with your own hands. This includes the facades of houses in the city center and apartments of high-rise buildings;
some enclosing structures border on technical premises, for example, on an elevator shaft;
since insulation from the inside is much cheaper than the outside, for many this is also an important argument. People do not always have the financial means, but they want to save on heating.

The conclusion from the foregoing is as follows: internal insulation of a residential or country house has the right to life, but with some reservations. The wall to be insulated must be dry and without fungus initially, and it is necessary to prepare the surface according to the technology.

materials

The choice of materials used to insulate private houses and apartments from the inside is not very wide and consists of the following items:

mineral wool in slabs with a density of at least 100 kg/m3;
slab foam plastic with a density of 25 kg/m3;
extruded polystyrene foam in slabs, also known as polystyrene foam;
thin insulators with foil based on foamed polyethylene are used as an additional insulation.

Note. There is an opinion that to insulate building construction maybe drywall. The latter is indeed able to retain heat, but cannot serve as the main heat-insulating layer. GKL is a finishing material, used in conjunction with heaters.

Non-combustible mineral wool is well suited for internal thermal insulation of any wooden house, both timber and log. Its only serious drawback is the ability to absorb moisture and quite freely pass water vapor through itself. Therefore, mineral wool should be carefully protected from the space of rooms so that moisture from inside the house does not seep into the insulation. At the same time, it is better to take cotton wool in high-density slabs, it does not settle from moisture and is able to give off moisture well.

Advice. It is impossible to purchase mineral wool based on fiberglass (glass wool) for internal thermal insulation, it is harmful to human health.

Whatever they say, the foam plastic also allows a small fraction of the vapor to pass through, so it also needs a vapor barrier. In addition, the material is combustible, so it is better to hide it behind a drywall finish or plaster it. Styrofoam is very popular due to its low cost, therefore it is suitable for budget option insulation of both wood and brick walls from within.

An excellent insulation in all respects is extruded polystyrene foam, which has the highest thermal insulation performance. Another thing is that it is the most expensive of all materials used for internal insulation, but also the thinnest. And penoplex does not let water vapor through, and therefore does not require any vapor barrier. Better than it is only polyurethane foam, which is sprayed by machine.

Well, foamed foil polyethylene (penofol, isolon) can also be successfully used instead of a vapor barrier film and as additional insulation to the main layer of mineral wool. Only it must be properly laid with gluing the joints, which will be discussed later.

Wall insulation technology from the inside

The first step is to prepare the surface. If we are talking about a brick wall, then it must be plastered and leveled from the inside, after which the surface is treated with a deeply penetrating antifungal primer.

The bottom line is that an air gap does not form between the wall and the insulation layer, from which condensation can fall out at a certain temperature difference. Another thing is a house made of timber or rounded logs, you can’t do without air pockets. If the walls of the timber have only small horizontal slots, then make it even inner surface rubbish is unrealistic.

It remains only to carefully caulk all the joints and cracks, and then impregnate the wood with an antiseptic composition. The best option for insulating brick walls is still polystyrene foam or foam plastic with a thickness of 20 to 50 mm, depending on the climate in the region of residence. An adhesive mixture or polyurethane adhesive is first applied to the foam slab, and in a continuous layer, and not just around the perimeter.

Remember what we said earlier about excess air. Then the plate is well glued to the wall, followed by the next one, and so on. It is necessary to ensure that the joints between the plates are minimal, fitting them tightly to each other. After the glue has hardened, the insulation should be fixed with dowels in the form of fungi at the rate of 2-3 pcs. on the styrofoam board, no longer needed.

On this, the warming of a house or cottage from the inside, made by oneself, is completed, you can proceed to finishing work. Plaster on a reinforcing mesh fits well on penoplex or tiles are glued.

To insulate a wooden house, you will need to install a frame made of timber, whose width is equal to the thickness of the insulation. Thermal insulation technology looks like this:

the surface of the wall is covered with a diffusion membrane that allows vapor to pass through. A ventilation gap is left under the membrane, as shown in the diagram below;
the battens of the crate are installed and fixed in such a way that the insulation plates fit between them at a distance;
mineral wool is laid between the uprights without additional fasteners;
a vapor barrier film is being installed. Her canvases are laid with overlap and gluing, pressing the counter-lattices with slats;
drywall sheets and other interior trim are attached to the rails.

Note. Here, the ventilation gap serves to remove vapors that penetrate through the log or timber wall and form in the insulation. For this, special holes are made in the wall.

Particular attention should be paid to sealing the vapor barrier layer. The joints must be well glued with adhesive tape so that moisture from the room cannot penetrate into the insulation. Here, instead of a film, foil foam can be laid, only without overlaps. Aluminum adhesive tape is used for gluing the joints. How to put such heaters correctly is shown in the video:

Conclusion

If the insulation of the walls of the house from the inside is done correctly, then no moisture and fungi with mold will appear under the insulation. Important when installing the "pie" in wooden house make as few holes as possible in the vapor barrier, for which it is pressed against the ends of the bars with even slats. By the way, any of the listed materials is suitable for insulating houses from a bar, since according to the technology for weathering moisture, a ventilation air is provided.