The basement freezes. A guide to the internal thermal insulation of the cellar from freezing. Underground cellar insulation

The cellar is designed for food storage: vegetables, conservation. Therefore, it is important to create such a temperature and humidity in the underground room so that the products can be kept in good condition.

At sub-zero temperatures, potatoes will freeze. Too much heat will make the vegetables sluggish. If moisture accumulates in the basement, rotting cannot be avoided.

We will describe how and with what materials it is better to insulate the cellar from the inside.

We set the task

The cellar is very important room in the house for the needs of the economy.

Any room is best insulated during construction. But practice shows that most often ready-made buildings are insulated. Therefore, suppose that we have a cellar.

Its walls are made of bricks, the role of the ceiling is reinforced concrete slab. There is no floor as such, more precisely the floor is unpaved.

The structure is solid and reliable, however, in winter frost appears on the inner walls, and with the advent of the first spring months, moisture condenses on all structures.

How to insulate such a structure correctly? Can an underground room be insulated from the outside?

In most cases, builders advise sewing up the cellar from the inside with foam boards.

This material is inexpensive and easily mounted on any wall. Let's try to find satisfactory answers to all the questions posed.

Determine the source of the problem

There may be several reasons for the presence of water in the room. Click on the photo to enlarge.

There is a lot of moisture in the cellar we have described. In winter, it freezes, frost forms, and in spring it condenses on the walls and ceiling. The source of moisture should be identified.

Perhaps the spring meltwater penetrates into the cellar. Then you have to triple the waterproofing protection of the room.

Sometimes groundwater rises close to the surface. In such cases, it is impossible to do without the construction of drainage structures.

It may turn out that water penetrates after the rains through the flaws in the roof. The insulating structure will not help then.

First you need to install pipes for draining rainwater, then plaster and cover the floor slab with penetrating type waterproofing.

Before starting work on insulation, it is also imperative to find out the level to which the soil freezes in this area. Based on the information collected, it will be possible to determine the thickness and type of material for insulation and waterproofing.

The best option for insulation

It is best to insulate the cellar from the outside. I'm sure a lot of people will smile when they read this.

The scheme of thermal insulation of the basement. Click to enlarge.

It is difficult to dig out the walls of the cellar. We'll have to turn the mountains of soil. But only walls insulated from the outside will effectively retain cold and moisture.

If the insulation is glued from the inside, Brick wall stay in the freezing zone. Water will gradually undermine the structure and will soon seep into the cellar.

Walls in such conditions will quickly become unusable.

Walls insulated from the outside will not freeze through. If we lay the insulation cake with several sheets of roofing material, then we will save both the insulation plate and the wall itself from getting wet.

If the cellar has already been built, you will have to discard the soil from the walls, then wait until the brick dries. It is better to start work in warm and dry weather.

Sequence of work:

remove the soil;
we take a break in work until the wall dries;
we glue foam plates, additionally fasten them with dowels;
we lay the structure with roofing felt to protect it from moisture;
you can put the soil back in.

Warming of the internal structures of the cellar

It is clear that any building is best insulated from the outside. But in the case of the cellar, this is not easy, so more often the underground room is insulated inside. How to insulate the walls of the cellar from the inside? First of all, let's define the material.

This is how the foam sheets are attached. Click on the photo to enlarge.

Styrofoam is the number one insulation. It has been used for insulation for more than forty years, everyone is well aware of its positive characteristics and flaws. It is quite possible to insulate the cellar from the inside with foam plastic plates.

The insulation is strong enough, does not crumble. Styrofoam is not damaged by moisture. It will not rot if condensation appears on the insulation structure. Styrofoam does not have to be isolated from water with film structures.

Insulation boards are easy to install. They are glued with a special compound or screwed with dowels with wide heads (mushrooms). The slabs can be easily cut with a knife to fit in a corner or on a ledge.

The disadvantages of polystyrene are also known to everyone. The material is held in high esteem by rodents. Sometimes they prefer to gnaw on insulation even when beets and potatoes are stored in the basement. Styrofoam burns, so it should be mounted carefully next to electrical wiring.

How to insulate the walls of the cellar with foam:

all cracks on the inner surface of the walls should be sealed with sealant or blown out with foam;
if there are irregularities, it is better to smooth them out; it will be difficult to evenly attach a foam plate to uneven walls;
the wall should be covered with a moisture-proof material, for example liquid rubber;
when the moisture insulation dries, we begin to glue the foam plates;
gluing starts from below, the plates are placed end-to-end, all the cracks are blown with foam;
for reliability, we fasten the insulation with dowels, one fastener in the middle of the plate, the rest in the corners;
a mounting mesh is glued over the insulation pie, plaster can be applied on the floor.

Ceiling and floor

Ceiling structures also need insulation. If the building stands separately, it is from above that water can penetrate into the cellar. How to insulate the ceiling in the cellar?

Concrete slabs are often used for building foundations and for floors. Concrete is not able to isolate the premises from the cold. Concrete slab gets very hot in summer and freezes in winter. Water can seep through the concrete into the cellar.

Inside the concrete base are the smallest capillaries through which moisture can move. To establish a warm and dry atmosphere in the cellar, the floor slab will have to be insulated and treated with moisture-proof materials.

Sequence of work:

it is better to impregnate a concrete slab with a penetrating waterproofing compound; the substance fills capillaries and cracks in concrete and blocks the path of moisture;
when the plate dries, we glue foam plates on its surface, then additionally fix them with dowels;
mounting grid and a layer of plaster.

If it is important for you to insulate the cellar from the inside with mineral wool, you will have to build another structure. Attached to walls or ceiling wooden blocks. Mats of mineral or basalt wool are laid inside the crate. The insulation is also laid with vapor-tight films so that the cotton wool does not get wet.

For the floor can be offered various options. Sawdust, expanded clay, and other insulating materials are often used.

How to reduce humidity

We told you how to properly insulate the cellar. Walls insulated from the inside will retain heat. But through the insulation and films, moisture will not be able to go outside. Water droplets will condense on the walls and ceiling. Rot and mold will appear. Fungal organisms can multiply.

How to deal with excess moisture? Be sure to provide a hole for ventilation. The circulating air will capture the steam and carry it outside.

To achieve an optimal microclimate in the cellar, it is necessary to perform its insulation.

I have an aunt - Anzhela Olegovna - who prepares the best pickled apples in the world, pickling them in barrels. But this year, she and her husband built a new, more spacious cellar and fruit in it did not work out, as it froze in winter. As soon as I found out about this, I immediately realized that the wrong insulation of the cellar was to blame for everything (as it turned out later, it was not insulated at all).

If the thermal conductivity of the walls of an underground structure is too high (especially when paired with poor ventilation), then in summer ideal conditions are created in the cellar for the reproduction of various microorganisms, and in winter all homemade blanks simply freeze.

Features of the microclimate of the cellar

Regardless of whether the cellar was under a private house or built separately (like Angela Olegovna), in my opinion, it requires good insulation. This operation affects not only the formation of an acceptable microclimate inside, but also the service life of the building.

Walls in an improperly insulated cellar will mold.

If certain measures are not taken, the walls will quickly become unusable and collapse from the destructive effects of external factors: high humidity and significant temperature fluctuations.

But the most important thing is the optimal temperature for storing food. Auntie told me that soaked apples are obtained only if the air does not warm up above 4 degrees Celsius and does not cool below 2. This can only be achieved if the cellar is thermally insulated both from the inside and outside.

If the temperature in the cellar is too low or too high, the blanks will deteriorate.

In this case, the walls of the cellar will not let warm air inside in summer and cold in winter.

Another important point that many rarely pay attention to. I have come across situations many times when moisture condenses on the walls and ceiling inside the cellar. This is one of the consequences of improper insulation (or its complete absence).

Insulation measures are not enough to reduce the level of humidity. It is necessary to design and ventilation, which will regulate the content of water vapor in the room.

And, of course, I advise you to immediately think about waterproofing, without which the heat-insulating material will get wet and work worse, and the walls themselves will quickly collapse.

However, back to our sheep. Before describing the process of cellar insulation, I want to devote a few lines to the problem of choosing the right material.

Choosing the Right Material

Of course, if you have any idea about construction works oh, you can name a dozen materials that are suitable for insulation. But I decided to choose ordinary polystyrene for insulation of Angela Olegovna's cellar.

Styrofoam - the best insulation for the cellar.

His specifications and operational properties are fully consistent with the tasks, and the price is quite affordable. After acquiring thermal insulation, there will still be a lot of money left to buy in the market and pickle two or three barrels of apples.

For especially meticulous readers who are not accustomed to taking a word, and also in order to justify their choice to my aunt, I will give a comparative table of the pros and cons of polystyrene.

pros	Minuses
The material has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, therefore it maintains the desired temperature in the food cellar well.	Styrofoam is not suitable for use on the outer surface of the walls of the cellar, as the outside will be subjected to significant mechanical stress from the surrounding soil and may collapse.
The foam plastic weighs very little, so it does not require a massive crate for installation. In addition, it does not exert a large load on building construction, so you can not be afraid of shrinkage of the walls after completion of work.	Under the influence of an open fire, the foam plastic ignites and, during combustion, releases chemical compounds dangerous to humans into the air. However, no one fries kebabs in the cellar, so this drawback can be neglected.
The heat insulator tolerates moisture well. Its thermal performance does not deteriorate when wet, and it does not collapse.	The foam is not very durable, so even when installed inside, measures must be taken to protect the insulation from damage.
When compared with other suitable heat insulators, the foam is the cheapest among them. This factor is important if you are insulating your cellar and want to save as much as possible.	The material can be damaged by rodents, but Angela Olegovna did not have any. Moreover, the cat Vaska is always on guard, who, although he does not like apples, is not averse to feasting on lard, which is stored in the same cellar.

Another point that attracts me personally is the simplicity of cellar insulation operations. I can do all the work without a partner, so I don’t have to share the reward, that is, pickled apples.

All work on the insulation of the cellar with foam can be done by yourself.

So I immediately decided what kind of insulation to insulate the damp cellar from freezing and save the apples from spoilage. And I advise you to do the same.

And now I will tell you how to insulate the cellar from the inside.

Internal insulation technology

First, let's deal with the internal insulation. And all because they think about thermal insulation often after the appearance of problems and perform outside work difficult. Although I strongly advise you to take a comprehensive approach to the issue and insulate the cellar both on the street and in the room itself.

Preparatory stage

Even if the insulation is carried out after the completion of construction, some preparation is indispensable. I advise doing following works:

Before installing the thermal insulation material, make sure that the surfaces (ceiling and walls) are level and free from defects. If, when examining the walls, you find cracks, potholes or bumps, you need to get rid of them.

Before insulation, the ceiling must be repaired.

After leveling and repairing the walls, I advise you to treat them with antiseptic compounds that will destroy the existing fungus and mold, as well as prevent the development of various harmful microorganisms in the future.

Antiseptic treatment will prevent the appearance of mold.

If for some reason there is no ventilation in the cellar or it works inefficiently, it is necessary to install ventilation pipes or repair the ventilation system. The fact is that after installing the heat-insulating layer, the humidity in the room will increase sharply and from excess moisture will need to be disposed of quickly.

The cellar must be ventilated.

Having finished with the preparation, you can proceed to the warming. And I recommend starting from the ceiling.

Ceiling

So, the ceiling of Angela Olegovna, more precisely, the ceiling of my aunt's cellar, I insulated with foam plastic according to the following scheme:

First, I examined the surface. Found there a few minor cracks in the seams between the concrete floor slabs. I sealed them with putty with antiseptic additives. If you are going to fix the thermal insulation with dowels, you need to take special, thermally insulated ones. Although heat loss in winter will be insignificant, the optimum temperature may not be reached.
After repairing the surface, I attached a vapor barrier membrane to the ceiling so that during subsequent operation moisture would normally be removed from the cellar without condensing on the walls.

The vapor barrier of the ceiling in the cellar can be made with penofol.

The membrane is a polymer film with a special perforation, which does not prevent the infiltration of moist air to the outside, but does not allow the penetration of moisture from the outside.

As a ceiling vapor barrier, I used penofol, which consists of a layer of polyethylene foam protected aluminum foil. It is good because it serves as an additional heat insulator. Aluminum acts as a screen that reflects heat energy into the room.

Then I installed hangers for the crate. I used a galvanized profile, which is better suited for a wet room. Therefore, he attached it to special suspensions.

The crate can be made from a galvanized profile or wood.

Instead, wooden blocks of suitable height (a few centimeters higher than the thickness of the foam) can be used. However, it is desirable to pre-treat them with antiseptics and special hydrophobic compounds. Accordingly, they will have to be fixed on screws with dowels.

The distance between adjacent elements of the crate should be the same as the width of the foam boards. If there is less, you will have to cut it, if more - the cracks will become an excellent conductor of cold.

Then I installed the insulation boards. In my case, foam, but something else can be used in a similar way. The only thing is, do not put glass wool, which, when wet, does not fulfill the tasks assigned to it. Yes, and it is harmful, apples will be in glass dust.

Styrofoam slabs installed in the crate.

It is necessary to mount the foam sheets so that the gaps between adjacent parts are as small as possible. I personally add them mounting foam to exclude even the slightest chance of the formation of cold bridges.

On top I put another layer of penofol. As they say, the stock does not pull the pocket. However, this must be done in such a way that there is a gap of 5 cm between the foam and the vapor barrier, which will provide ventilation. If the height of the bars is not enough or you did not think about it in advance, you can make a low counter-lattice from above.
I mount decorative material. I chose plastic panels. They are inexpensive, perfectly tolerate exposure to humid air and look good. Although for the cellar, maybe it doesn’t matter.

As decorative material fit plastic panels.

This technology leads to the fact that the height of the room is somewhat reduced.

Floor

Now about the floor. It can be insulated using a similar technology with a few exceptions:

the bottom layer must be laid waterproofing material (such as roofing material);
supporting logs (crate) must be made of durable bars that can withstand increased loads;
from above, the entire structure will have to be covered with a board or plywood.

The design with lags is not the best solution for the cellar.

This technology is simple and not very laborious, but the bottleneck is the use of wood. It is not suitable for use in the cellar, as it quickly becomes unusable. Therefore, if I did so, I would have to do everything again in a few years.

I decided to use extruded polystyrene, which has all the properties of Styrofoam but is strong enough to withstand the increased stress that is placed on the floor.

So, the workflow is as follows:

Inspect the floor surface for defects and cracks. If the floor has large differences in height, I advise you to first perform a screed on the beacons (if the differences are small, you can pour a self-leveling mixture) and wait for it to dry.

Cracks in the floor need to be repaired.

After the repair is completed, the surface must be cleaned. Then waterproof it. You can lay gluing materials or treat the floor with mastic based on bituminous resins. I prefer the second option, although it takes longer to dry the individual layers.

Before installing thermal insulation, the floor in the cellar must be waterproofed.

As soon as the waterproofing dries, sheets of expanded polystyrene are laid on top. They need to be positioned so that the seams go apart.

The installation of expanded polystyrene sheets is carried out after the waterproofing has dried.

Then a metal mesh is mounted, which will strengthen the concrete screed. After all, the floor will have to withstand significant loads from standing barrels of apples. And this is a serious matter.

From above, before the screed, you need to lay a reinforcing mesh.

Then the solution is poured onto the reinforcing mesh and carefully leveled.
Final stage- decorative flooring. I made a gift to Angela Olegovna and built her a polymer self-leveling floor. It turned out that you can not only store fruits and vegetables there, but also live in general.

Polymer floor after completion of work.

However, it was still too early to live, as the walls were still without insulation. It is about them that will be discussed further.

Walls

For the walls, I also decided to use polystyrene, which I have already mentioned, but I did not fasten it under the crate, but with the help of special dowels with wide caps and glue.

I tell you top-secret technology so that you, too, are aware of:

I check the walls and fix the cracks. Of course, I have already repeated this twice, but believe me, many people neglect this stage of work, and then angrily write in the comments why they continue to freeze vegetables in the cellar.
Installing waterproofing material. Gluing roll materials are excellent. Just choose not built-up, but on an adhesive basis. They are easier to install and do not emit hazardous chemical compounds into the air.

You can use penetrating waterproofing.

I glue foam. For this, special solutions are used, which can be bought at hardware stores.

Styrofoam is glued to the walls with a special compound.

I install plastic dowels. These are such brackets with very wide caps that will firmly hold the foam in place.

And secured with dowels.

Installing reinforcing mesh. It is made from fiberglass. Some, again, skip this step, and then the plaster falls off.

A reinforcing mesh must be fixed on the surface of the foam.

Stucco foam. This will protect the fragile heat-insulating material from mechanical stress and will allow you to install a decorative crate in the future.

The plaster is applied to the pre-fixed mesh.

By the way, about decorative finishes. Here you can do everything on your own, but be aware of the high humidity. Angela Olegovna decided to take a swing at tile, which will make her cellar simply exemplary. But since she had no money to buy material, I postponed this stage of work for the time being.

And he took up external insulation, since it is in this case that the greatest efficiency is achieved from the conducted thermal insulation materials.

External insulation technology

For me, the answer to the question of whether it is necessary to insulate the cellar on the street is obvious. If you still doubt this, read the next section, where I tried to justify my own opinion and tell you how to perform external insulation.

Advantages of the method

Personally, I think that it is not necessary to insulate the cellar inside if it is possible to do it from the outside. The fact is that the outer layer of insulation protects the structure itself and the waterproofing layer not only from low temperatures, but also from mechanical influences.

It is better to carry out the thermal insulation of the cellar from the outside.

Besides:

an ideal microclimate for storing vegetables and fruits is formed in the cellar;
the very surface of the walls in the room will be warm, that is, the potatoes near them will not freeze;
moisture will not condense on the walls;
the size of the cellar will not change (although my aunt’s is already so spacious that you can stock up on food and survive a considerable cataclysm);
proper external insulation eliminates the formation of cold bridges.

Therefore, if it is possible to put a heater outside, do just that. But before that, perform a thorough waterproofing of the surfaces. Now I'll tell you how and what.

Surface waterproofing

The peculiarity of the work here is that the surfaces to be treated after the end of the waterproofing measures will be underground, therefore they will be exposed to significant moisture.

Wall waterproofing can be done with gluing and coating materials.

For waterproofing in this case, I used guided liner materials. This is a modern roofing material, the adhesive layer of which is activated under the influence of high temperature. I used gas burner.

If you do not know how to work with heated materials, use membranes with an adhesive layer. Or even take bituminous mastic and paint over the walls of the cellar from the outside.

Installation of thermal insulation

As thermal insulation, I used special heat-insulating plates made of extruded polystyrene. They have a low coefficient of thermal conductivity and sufficient strength to withstand the mechanical impact that the soil exerts when backfilling the cellar.

Plates are placed starting from the bottom of the wall.

The plates are installed on the waterproofing layer with the help of mastic. It is applied to the surface of the slab, after which the material is pressed against the surface until the adhesive sets (usually takes about 40 seconds, but it all depends on the air temperature).

Penoplex is glued directly to the waterproofing.

You need to lay out the plates starting from the bottom of the cellar walls (from the ground) and gradually move up. The last row should be located so that after backfilling it rises 30-40 cm above the ground.

After backfilling, the thermal insulation should rise above the ground level.

It is very important to ensure that the thermal insulation plates fit snugly against each other. Cracks and gaps need to be filled construction foam.

Also carefully backfill the soil. Make sure the ground is free of stones and dense clods of earth that could damage the insulation. After installation, the plates do not require any finishing. That's why I decided to use them.

The reward for the work done (pictured) is worth the effort.

Naturally, it is better to do all the activities described above during construction in order to reduce the amount of effort, but if you did not attend to this in time, then proceed according to the scheme proposed above.

Conclusion

Now you know how to protect the cellar from freezing in winter. But in order to enjoy pickled apples, since you do not have Angela Olegovna, you will have to make them yourself. If suitable prescription you do not know, you can watch the video in this article, where there is detailed instructions.

And personally, I would like to ask you about this: how did you perform or are going to perform the insulation of the cellar in the garage. Tell me about your practical experience or your thoughts on it. I would be grateful for detailed messages in the comments below.

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obustroeno.com

How to insulate the cellar from freezing from the inside: floor, ceiling, walls

The cellar, like the basement, is designed to store canned food and other food. In order for it to perform its functions well, it is necessary to constantly maintain the optimal temperature and humidity in the room.

If we allow minus temperature, then all products will freeze, with excess heat they will become sluggish. Be sure to monitor the level of humidity, otherwise rotting cannot be avoided. Therefore, warming the cellar from the inside is a very important process.

It is important to know! Reducing the level of humidity cannot be achieved only by insulating the cellar, it is necessary to equip it with ventilation, which will regulate the content of water vapor in the room.

Determine the source of the problem

The main factors contributing to the freezing of the cellar are melt water. In some cases, groundwater that rises close to the surface becomes a problem. Therefore, before insulating the cellar from freezing from the inside, it is necessary to determine the source of the problem. Having found out the causes of moisture, it is necessary to determine to what depth the soil freezes during the frost period. And already starting from the information received, you can decide on the thickness and choice of heat-insulating materials.

The illustration clearly demonstrates critical areas for frost protection of cellar structures.

Today's market offers a large number of heat-insulating materials for warming any surfaces, but you need to understand that not everyone is suitable for cellar insulation. Cellar insulation must be able to maintain its geometry, have good insulating properties, it must be resistant to water and soil pressure. What are heaters?

expanded clay;
glass wool;
mineral wool;
expanded clay concrete;
red ceramic brick;
Styrofoam;
cellulose insulation;

Regarding cellulose insulation and mineral wool: they are not suitable for cellar insulation, as they do not meet the necessary properties. If we compare heaters for the cellar, then in terms of efficiency they will be arranged in the following order:

What exactly needs to be insulated in the cellar to prevent freezing

Let us consider in detail the basics of insulation of all enclosing structures of the cellar: ceiling, walls, floor.

Ceiling insulation

Ceiling insulation plays an important role in the formation of optimal temperature and humidity, because when cold air enters the room, it threatens to form condensation on the ceiling and walls. So, how to insulate the ceiling in the cellar with your own hands.

Surface inspection. It is necessary to inspect the ceiling covering for cracks in the seams between the concrete slabs. Then you need to cover them with putty with antiseptic additives. Regarding dowels for fixing thermal insulation, they must also be thermally insulated.
A vapor barrier membrane is attached to the putty surface to the ceiling. It is necessary so that during each subsequent operation moisture is normally removed from the cellar, without forming condensation on the ceiling and walls. The membrane does not prevent the infiltration of moist air to the outside, and prevents the penetration of moisture from the outside. The material is a conventional polymer film, but with a special perforation.

The photo clearly shows the membrane for insulating the ceiling and aluminum suspensions.

For the construction of a ceiling vapor barrier, penofol should be used, the main composition of which is polyethylene foam protected by aluminum foil. Its peculiarity is that it serves as an excellent heat insulator, and aluminum acts as a screen that reflects heat energy into the room.

Installation of hangers for crates. It is necessary to choose a material that will be more loyal to a wet room, such a material includes a galvanized profile. It must be fixed on special suspensions. Wooden bars can also be used as suspensions, but this will add additional trouble. The bars must be treated with an antiseptic and other hydrophobic compounds. Fastening will be carried out on screws with dowels.

It is important to know! When working with suspensions, it is necessary to set the distance corresponding to the width of the foam. Otherwise, gaps will remain.

How to insulate the floor

Floor insulation follows a similar pattern, with the exception of several technologies. The bottom layer will be roofing material or any other waterproofing material. The bars for the construction of the supporting logs should be chosen more durable, as they will experience a greater load. The top layer will be plywood or boards.

This technology floor insulation is quite easy to install and not so high in price, but the tree has a big minus, it quickly becomes unusable in moisture conditions. Therefore, it is better to use extruded polystyrene. The material in its properties is very similar to the foam.

As floor insulation effective solution will be using expanded clay base.

The base of the floor is expanded clay (insulation), then light reinforcing mesh and concrete screed

Sequence of work

Inspect the surface of the floor for cracks, if they are found, cover it up cement-sand mortar composition 1:2 (sand and cement). Upon detection uneven surfaces, you should perform a screed on the beacons. After completing the repair, you need to clean the surface of debris and make waterproofing. The best choice would be to treat the floor with bituminous resin.

It is important to know! It is possible to install polystyrene sheets only after the bituminous resin has completely dried.

Once the resin has dried, the polystyrene sheets can be laid. Sheets must be mounted so that the seams go in a run. Having finished laying the sheets, a metal reinforcing mesh. Reinforcing the floor screed will avoid the appearance of cracks on the surface. The mesh is light, made of smooth-rolled reinforcement ∅3-4mm. Then concrete is poured onto the mesh and carefully leveled. Regarding floor covering, then you can leave bare concrete or build a modern polymer self-leveling floor.

How to insulate walls

As a heat-insulating material for wall insulation, foam is the most suitable. It is attached with special dowels and glue. Foam fixing technology:

Video: another effective method - warming the cellar with penoizol

In conclusion, we can say that an insulated cellar is a guarantee of the complete safety of all conservation and other winter preparations, despite severe frosts and heat. Walls insulated from the inside will keep the whole body in the room and create optimal temperature and moisture.

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uteplenieplus.ru

How to insulate a cellar: external thermal insulation, floor, wall, ceiling and door insulation

As you know, building a cellar does not mean getting a good place to store your crops. Poor waterproofing can lead to penetration ground water into the room, and poor-quality thermal insulation - unfavorable temperature conditions and the formation of condensate. That is why we will consider how to insulate the cellar in the garage or under the house, this will create an optimal microclimate in which all products will be kept fresh for a very long time.

It is worth remembering that only an integrated approach: good waterproofing, high-quality insulation and competent ventilation ensure that the cellar will not be damp.

Styrofoam is a very popular option for cellar insulation among developers.

Insulation serves two main tasks:

In winter, freezing of the structure is prevented.
In summer, high-quality thermal insulation allows you to keep a low temperature in the cellar even on the hottest days.

Features of insulation of various parts of the cellar

First, you should decide which insulation for the cellar to choose. It depends on the heat-insulated surface and the characteristics of the material used. We will consider the most popular options, and the final choice will have to be made by you.

External thermal insulation

Insulation outside the building is relevant in cases where the cellar is located under the garage, in the barn or at the outer walls of the house, and also if it is located separately. In cases where the cellar is located under the house a few meters from its outer walls, this operation may not be carried out.

At this stage, the following features can be distinguished:

It is best to carry out work at the construction stage, when there is space. Otherwise, you will have to free the entire foundation, and in some cases this is almost impossible to do.
Walls must be waterproofed. The best option is modern roll materials and liquid rubber. These coatings serve for decades, unlike bitumen and roofing material.
If there are large gaps, it is best to seal them with mounting foam, it reliably insulates heat and does not collapse during long term.
Next, foam or other sheet heat-insulating material is attached. The easiest way to glue it is with mounting foam or a special compound. You can also use bituminous mastic - it also, drying, provides high fastening strength.

In the photo - heat-insulating material with external insulation is attached to a previously waterproofed surface

Advice! If high quality work is important to you, it is better to use extruded polystyrene foam.

This material is much stronger than conventional foam, it has higher thermal insulation properties, and thanks to the grooves in the ends, the joints are very reliable.

To provide maximum efficiency of the thermal insulation layer on the street, it is necessary to make a blind area along the wall in order to protect the basement walls from moisture.

The blind area will reliably protect the layer of external insulation and significantly extend its service life.

Floor insulation

This is also an important point in the arrangement of the cellar. Many people think that the floor does not require special attention, but this is not so. In order for your floor to be reliable, it should be thermally and waterproofed. This can be done in several ways.

Warming with expanded clay:

The base is leveled, which must be covered with roofing material or poured with bitumen, and a waterproofing agent is glued to it.
Next, expanded clay fractions from 5 to 20 mm are poured. The layer of material should be from 10 to 25 cm. A concrete screed with reinforcement is poured on top of the material, the thickness of which depends on the expected load on the floor. After it hardens, additional waterproofing of the surface can be carried out.

Expanded clay - an excellent material for thermal insulation of the floor

It is worth noting that expanded clay is a very light material, which simplifies the process of working with it. In addition, the price of this material is quite democratic.

You can insulate the floor with sand and gravel:

The site is being prepared and leveled, after which 15-20 cm of fine gravel is poured onto it. Then a layer of sand 5-10 cm thick is poured.
The pillow is rammed and waterproofed, this can be done using roofing material or construction film.
Next, a reinforcing belt is arranged and concrete is poured. If groundwater is located close to the surface, you can waterproof the flooded surface and make a 5 cm thick screed on top. This will provide additional protection.

A reinforcement structure is installed on the gravel-sand cushion and concrete is poured

The third way is foam insulation:

A sand or gravel cushion is arranged, which is closed with a waterproofing barrier.
Styrofoam grade 35 is laid on top.
Next, a screed is poured, which, if necessary, can be reinforced to increase strength.

But this method is less common, since the floor can be perfectly insulated in simpler ways.

Wall insulation

We examined how to carry out work outside, now we will analyze how to insulate the cellar from the inside.

The best option is polystyrene due to ease of installation and low price. With it, you can easily carry out the insulation with your own hands, you do not need the help of specialists and instructions - everything is very simple.

The walls should first be prepared - they should be even, all flaws should be repaired cement mortar. If there is a danger of flooding, it is better to treat the walls with a penetrating solution, on this moment This best protection premises from moisture.

Insulation sheets are easiest to glue, after which the surface is covered with a reinforcing mesh and plastered.

Styrofoam provides excellent thermal insulation

It should be noted that when insulating the outer walls with foam plastic 10 cm thick or more, internal insulation can be omitted.

Another option is to stuff guide bars along the walls, after which the foam is inserted between the bars, and the surface is sewn up with wood or moisture-resistant sheets.

Many developers prefer to use mineral wool; the process of its installation does not differ from polystyrene foam. If the insulation will be carried out under the plaster, a solid insulation is used, if under the bars - soft mats or rolled material.

Another option is insulation with sprayed polyurethane foam. At the moment it is the most reliable and durable insulation. It has no seams, it is resistant to moisture and has high thermal insulation properties. But the price of this solution is much higher than others.

Spraying is carried out between the bars, after which the surface is sewn up - everything is very simple

Ceiling insulation

As a rule, the main problems with the microclimate in the basement are associated precisely with poor-quality insulation of the upper partition. Therefore, it must be done.

There are several basic options for insulating the cellar from above. Let's consider each of them.

You can use polystyrene foam: fill the slats, insert insulation between them and seal all seams with mounting foam.

Styrofoam can be used on both walls and ceilings

You can fill the crate at a distance of 30 cm from the ceiling with cells of 40 cm, you can weld it from metal. Sealed polyethylene bags with moss, straw and other natural materials are stuffed into the formed space.

You can use polyurethane foam spraying, but it will cost a significant amount.

door insulation

Many, when insulating the cellar, forget that a significant part of the coolness leaves through a poor-quality door. It is best to make a vestibule with two doors. But still, it is better to insulate the inner fabric additionally. The easiest way is to paste over it with foam - this is a simple and effective way of warming.

Styrofoam can be simply glued to the door

Conclusion

We considered how to insulate a cellar in a garage, barn, house or standing separately. Having completed the full range of work, you can be sure that your cellar will become a reliable storage for products. The video in this article will help you better understand some issues.

Page 2

Building a house is a complex and responsible process, and it does not end after the walls and roof are made. Works related to the thermal insulation of load-bearing structures at least milestone than the construction itself. If you want to be comfortable and warm house, and you don’t want to spend extra money on heating in the future, then you need to think not only about insulating the roof, walls and floor, but also to insulate the foundation and basement of the building.

The process of manufacturing a heat-insulating belt

Many novice builders do not pay due attention to this aspect and absolutely in vain, because up to a quarter of the total heat losses can be lost through the basement and foundation.

In this article we will talk about how you can insulate this structure with your own hands, as well as what materials it is best to do and how.

Why insulate the foundation

If you do not know or are still thinking about whether it is necessary to insulate the basement of the foundation, then we will now try to explain to you in detail why it is still worth doing. The fact is that seventy percent of cold air enters the building through the foundation, therefore, in almost all building projects, the floor coverings are raised above the level of the formed soil (see also the article “Quality and colorful lining of the basement pile foundation– what materials to use and how to install them”).

Important. Please note that cold air has a density higher than hot, so the latter rises. Therefore, if you poorly insulate the roof, it will go into the atmosphere through it, and cold air will come in place of hot air.

This phenomenon is clearly visible during snow, because it does not accumulate on the roof. Therefore, the insulation of the basement of the foundation is as important an event as the thermal insulation of walls or roofs.

Basement on a residential building

Basement insulation methods

To date, many different insulators can be used to perform insulation work. Some of them have been known to us for a long time, and some are modern materials created thanks to advanced technologies (learn also how and how to close the basement of a pile-screw foundation).

Builders with extensive experience are advised to insulate the basement during its manufacture (filling). But even if you already have a finished house, then nothing bad will happen. It must be said that most houses have a concrete base, and this material has a high thermal conductivity.

That is, it heats up quickly and cools just as quickly, and if you make high-quality thermal insulation, you can minimize heat loss. One of the main tasks of these works is to separate the foundation from the damp earth, therefore waterproofing is performed as insulation work.

If the soil has a high percentage of moisture content, then it may be necessary to install a special pipe to drain excess fluid. It is laid on a special cushion of gravel and has a slope relative to the horizon of no more than five percent. Excess moisture accumulates up to a certain limit, and then, getting into the pipe, will be removed into the sewer or drainage pit.

Types of heat insulators

Styrofoam. It has a porous cellular structure and has a white color, it is produced at factories in sheets of 100 * 100 mm or more, with a thickness of 2 cm or more. Production is carried out by foaming polymers, therefore it is 95% gas.

Styrofoam photo

It has good thermal insulation ability, but is afraid of direct sunlight and precipitation. When cutting, it begins to crumble, so it is recommended to use it entirely;

Styrofoam. It is a derivative of foam plastic, and is obtained by polymerization of styrene and pentane. Depending on the production process, there can be three types: autoclave, extradited and press. It is usually released from standard thickness five centimeters, but there are other options.

For construction work in the private sector, pressed with a high density is well suited, this is exactly what you need to buy if you decide to insulate any load-bearing structures in your house.

Styrofoam

Buying a polystyrene board, you get additional convenience when working with it, since such plates are tightly joined and form an additional layer of overlap. Interpanel connections overlap during their installation, but compared to conventional foam, it has a lower thermal conductivity.

It is convenient to saw it, and unlike polystyrene, it does not crumble, but forms even cut, besides, it is not afraid of a humid environment, therefore it can be used for external wall insulation;

Penoplex. It is derived from expanded polystyrene and has a greater porosity, and, consequently, a greater breathable structure. Due to this characteristic, it is widely used for both internal thermal insulation works as well as for external ones. Therefore, if you have not yet decided what is the best way to insulate the basement of the foundation, then you should pay special attention to this material.

Appearance of foam

Warming process

In the process of plinth insulation, work can be carried out using two technologies: glue or frameless and frame (in this way, the plinth of the pile screw foundation is insulated).

In the latter case, due to the fact that the pile foundation is a point support, there is a need to create a frame around the entire perimeter of the house. It is also commonly called a false base. This design can be thermally insulated with foam or polystyrene foam.

In the first case, the insulator will need to be placed in the frame itself, because it is afraid of precipitation, and in the second case, the insulation is glued with a special adhesive directly to the frame. Due to the fact that the price of expanded polystyrene is affordable for everyone, all construction companies and developers began to use it.

The process of gluing the heat insulator

Instructions for carrying out insulation work:

If the foundation is piled, then you must first create a frame, but if it is ordinary, for example, tape, then it is necessary to perform hydraulic isolation. Bituminous mastic is well suited as a waterproofing;
A small groove is made near the blind area, it serves to ensure that the sheets of thermal insulation go into it. If there are any leaks, they can be blown out with mounting foam;
Each sheet of material is glued to a special glue, and you need to start the work itself from the bottom of the corners;
At the next stage, the heat insulator plates are puttyed, and after the putty has dried, grouting;
On final stage the whole structure is painted.

Important. The process of creating an insulating layer for ordinary foundations, similar to a strip foundation, differs from the method for a pile foundation in that the frame is made for the latter. All other items are identical.

Bituminous composition applied to the surface of the wall

If you use the services of specialists, you will get a solid amount, since for one square meter area they take 400-550 rubles, and if you have big house, then you can already roughly estimate the considerable cost for everything.

It must be said that such works seem complicated only at first glance, but even a novice master can handle them with a detailed acquaintance, so if you want to save money, then carefully read the information provided again.

Conclusion

In this article, we looked at why you need to insulate the basement of the foundation and how to do it. In addition, materials that can be used for these works were considered, and it was also agreed which insulation for the basement of the foundation is better to take. We repeat once again, experts advise using universal materials, such as polystyrene foam or expanded polystyrene (see also the article “Waterproofing the basement of the foundation - we will protect your home”).

The video in this article will help you understand this issue in more detail.

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Insulation of the basement from the inside should be used when it is impossible to perform external thermal insulation or as an addition to it. Insulation of the basement from the inside allows you to extend the life of the building. Proper insulation and insulation help to reduce heat loss, protect against dampness, and prevent cracking if the soil swells. Insulation will allow not to heat the basement and maintain a stable temperature regime inside it. The cost of materials for insulation is not high, so all work can be done without significant costs. Equipped basement can be used as free space.

Each house has basement, which is the area located between the ground and the first floor. Usually the height and width of the basement allows it to be used for a wide variety of purposes. Many people use the basement as a cellar for storing vegetables and canning.

If there are irregularities on the surface of the cellar walls, then it is recommended to eliminate them, because they will interfere with fastening insulation material

For successful and long-term storage of products, the temperature in the cellar must be stable and optimal.

Proper insulation can make the room temperature normal and suitable for year-round use of the room. Basement insulation can reduce heat loss up to 20%. Basement insulation has a positive effect on the condition of the walls of the cellar, protects them from dampness and moisture. Insulation of the floor with polystyrene foam will protect the surface from hypothermia.

Basement Strengthening Tips:

The most effective way to strengthen is the external insulation of the basement. This technology of thermal insulation is mounted outside the building. This prevents basement walls from freezing during cold periods.
If you insulate the basement from the inside, condensation may form on the walls. Where the junction of the insulation and the wall passes.
Do not forget that waterproofing basement walls is necessary. Thermal insulation must be resistant to moisture.
An excellent option for wall insulation is foam. Styrofoam should be used at the initial stage of building construction.

Air insulation should be done in such a way that cold air does not penetrate into the room. Styrofoam insulation will provide a stable microclimate in the cellar both in summer and in winter. You should also take care of high-quality waterproofing, as protection from the cold will not be enough.

Cellar insulation: preparatory work

You can insulate the cellar with your own hands, but for this you must first decide what material will be used for this. At the initial stage of construction, the cellar can also be insulated from the outside. Floors, walls and ceilings must be insulated.

Walls must be treated with waterproofing material (all kinds of mastics or liquid rubber can be used)

If all the work on the construction of the cellar is completed, then the basement can only be insulated from the inside.

It is important to remember that when performing insulation from the inside, condensation occurs between the joints of the two materials. Condensation usually results in Construction Materials start to deteriorate. To prevent this, it is necessary to perform high-quality waterproofing, which will protect the basement from the penetration of underwater water.

Preparatory work:

Before laying the insulation on the surface, it is important to make sure that they are perfectly even.
When the surface of the walls and ceiling is even, it should be treated with a special antiseptic solution.
When the thermal insulation layer is laid, the level of humidity will increase in the cellar. To fix this, you need to take care of installing a high-quality ventilation system.

In order for the surface to be insulated reliably and efficiently, all cracks and crevices must first be removed. If the material is attached to the surface with dowels, it is important to make sure that they are also insulated, because cold will also penetrate through the cracks around them. You should not forget that you need to install a vapor barrier material.

How to insulate the cellar from freezing from the inside

Usually a lot of moisture forms in the cellar, which negatively affects the condition of all surfaces: the floor, walls and ceiling. In winter, the surfaces freeze, and in the spring they are covered with condensate. The cellar must be protected from freezing, condensation, penetration of melt and groundwater.

As soon as the waterproofing layer is completely dry, foam can be glued to the wall

The best option for insulation is considered to be insulation with extruded polystyrene foam. However, here many may disagree.

Many masters advise to insulate surfaces that are on the street, since warming from the inside often leads to the formation of a freezing zone. A good option external insulation - the use of roofing material. To insulate the surface from the outside, you first need to remove the soil that got on the walls and let the brick dry.

Step by step warming

Remove soil.
It is important to take a break so that the walls have time to dry.
Stick foam boards. For reliability, it is better to fix them with dowels.
Cover all surfaces with roofing felt to protect them from moisture.

In order for the insulation to be reliable, it should be done not only from the outside, but also from the inside. best material for this - foam. The foam is very strong and reliable, it does not crumble and is not afraid of moisture. Installation of plates can be easily done by yourself.

Step-by-step actions: how to insulate the basement from the inside

Today, the most common way to insulate walls, ceilings and floors in a basement, garage or barn is with foam boards. The plates can be easily glued to the surface on their own, after cleaning it and leveling it. For reliability, the foam is attached with dowels.

A significant drawback of insulation as foam plastic is its instability to the attack of rodents - they love it very much and quickly damage it.

It is also important to pay attention to the fact that the foam burns well, so you should not mount it close to sockets and electrical wiring. At the initial stage of insulation, do not neglect the thorough preparation of surfaces. The foam boards will attach securely if the surfaces are level.

The most common floor and ceiling material is concrete. Concrete contributes to the penetration of cold into the room. But in summer it heats up. Concrete also cannot withstand moisture.

How to insulate the floor and ceiling:

Concrete slabs must be treated with a special waterproofing compound that penetrates deep into the concrete, filling the capillaries and concrete cracks.
After complete drying concrete surface it is necessary to proceed with the fixing of concrete slabs.
Plates must be additionally fixed with dowels.

After the plates are securely fixed, it is necessary to cover them with a mounting grid and fix them with plaster. Surfaces can also be reinforced with mineral wool. In order to fix the cotton wool, it is necessary to first mount wooden bars on the surface.

How to insulate a cellar in a garage (video)

The basement is very important to securely strengthen, as moisture and cold will penetrate into an unprotected room. Before warming, all surfaces must be carefully prepared beforehand - they must be as smooth and dry as possible. It is also important to insulate the places where the insulation material is fastened with dowels, as well as the cellar lid and hatch. It is important to reliably insulate a concrete or sandy floor, as they pass groundwater very well.

The garage is considered a good place to park a car. Equipping such a room with a cellar can become great idea for those who wish to store crops and various preparations in it. Meanwhile, such underground storages are characterized by cold and high humidity, which contribute to the deterioration of many products and the bottom of the car. Such phenomena can be avoided if you know how to insulate the cellar in the garage using modern thermal insulation materials and new technologies. If a garage with a cellar is just being built, then you should take care of the insulation of its underground part in advance.

Features of insulation

The process of warming the basement of the garage practically does not differ from similar work in other rooms. However, there are a number of nuances that can significantly affect the final result. The fact is that in all underground rooms there is increased humidity. This fact is due to the fact that the walls of basements or cellars have direct contact with the ground. In practice, the soil contains a large amount of moisture, which freely penetrates through the walls of the basement.

Therefore, the main task in the arrangement of the cellar will be to ensure sufficient waterproofing of its walls and floor. The most effective option for such protection of the walls of an underground room is the application of waterproofing to the outer part of the cellar walls. This is a rather laborious process that requires digging a deep trench around the perimeter of the basement, which is impossible when several garages are located in one module. In this case, you can lay waterproofing on the inner walls of the cellar.

To create a waterproofing layer of basement walls, you can use polymer films, roofing material, as well as special bituminous mastics. The main thing is to ensure the integrity of such an insulating layer. For wall insulation, you can use mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, as well as other modern materials with high thermal insulation characteristics. Some materials support combustion, so in such a room it is necessary to ensure all measures fire safety and make the right choice.

Ventilation

In underground storage facilities such as basements, ventilation plays an important role. For an effective ventilation system, it is necessary to provide an air connection to the outside. The best option for this would be to install a pipe of a suitable diameter. One end of it must be lowered into the cellar, and the other taken out into the street. If necessary, the pipe can be equipped exhaust fan. The ventilation system will be ineffective if you do not provide fresh air from the street to the basement.

Ceiling insulation

The ceiling of the cellar in the garage is in direct contact with its cold floor. Therefore, the ceiling in the cellar of the garage also needs to be insulated. For this, traditional thermal insulation materials such as mineral wool and expanded polystyrene can be used. First you need to build a crate of timber or metal profile. If wood is used, it should be carefully treated with protective compounds. After the construction of the suspended frame, it is necessary to lay the insulation, cover it with a layer of vapor barrier film and sheathe it with plastic.

Note! When insulating the ceiling with foam, it is enough to glue it to a flat ceiling and additionally secure it with parachutes. The surface is covered with a reinforcing mesh with a special solution. In this case, you do not have to make a frame.

Wall insulation

As already reported, a waterproofing layer must be provided on the walls of the cellar. To do this, you can use roofing material, polymer film or special compounds based on bitumen. Having provided reliable waterproofing, you should start insulating the walls. First you need to build a crate from a metal profile or wooden beam processed protective composition. The framework is a system of uprights and horizontal lintels fixed to the wall with dowels.

After the construction of the crate, it is necessary to lay the insulation, cutting it to the size of the frame cells. When installing insulation, it is necessary to exclude voids and open areas wall surfaces in order to provide them with effective thermal insulation. On top of the laid insulation, a layer of vapor barrier film should be provided. This is necessary in order to prevent the penetration of moisture formed in the basement room into the insulation.

Wall insulation with foam plastic is done in the same way as for the ceiling.

Floor insulation

Depending on what kind of floor is available in the basement of the garage, you should choose the best option for its insulation. If the floor is concrete base, then an additional layer of sawdust mixed with sand is needed to insulate it. After that, you can build a wooden platform from boards treated with a protective compound. The disadvantage of such insulation is that sawdust absorbs moisture and this heat-insulating layer will often have to be changed.

Note! When insulating the floor with foam, you will need to close it by making a sand-cement screed.

Insulation of the cellar in the garage is a responsible event, despite the seeming simplicity of such work. It's connected with high humidity underground spaces and the likelihood of penetration of cold air masses into them. The process of insulation requires the provision of the necessary insulation, and compliance with all existing rules.

How to insulate a cellar in a garage - ways to insulate cellars in garages photo

Learn how to insulate a cellar in a garage. The article discusses ways to insulate the cellar. It is described in detail how to insulate the ceiling, walls and floor of the cellar.

How to insulate a cellar and where to start

Carrying out work in the cellar for warming with your own hands

As a rule, the cellar is used to store food, as this room is most adapted to such use. The thermal insulation of the cellar solves not only the problems with food storage, but is also responsible for the heat in the house.

So, an uninsulated cellar will cause cold and high humidity.

How to properly insulate the cellar: the beginning of work

Insulation work can be done independently, it is not necessary to involve specialists.

To carry out work on the thermal insulation of the cellar is still at the construction stage.
Do-it-yourself cellar insulation begins with waterproofing the foundation and carrying out work, the result of which will be good air circulation in the room.

Advice. If it is found that there is condensation on the walls of the room, this indicates that the foundation of the building is poorly waterproofed. In this case, insulation should not be carried out until work has been completed to protect the supporting base.

Another way to waterproof the foundation is to lay a drainage ditch, which is located at a depth of about 30 cm below the level of the cellar of the house.
All of the above measures, in fact, are only an addition to protection. Of course, they are very important, but they are not the main ones.

Note. The main and most important method of waterproofing is the treatment of walls both outside and inside the foundation of the building with special compounds.

Wall waterproofing

Wall treatment with liquid rubber - reliable protection from dampness

The most simple and in an inexpensive way processing from the inside is to cover the walls with liquid rubber. The price of such a polymer-bitumen solution is quite acceptable.

The solution is perfectly applied with a brush or roller on a previously prepared surface.
Then the composition is put in any convenient way. Although this mixture has excellent grip with the surface, it is necessary to additionally press it against the walls, in order to avoid peeling under the influence of moisture.

Note. But such surface treatment of the walls of the cellar or basement is not enough, there are many reasons for this.

If waterproofing was not carried out during construction or was performed poorly, it is necessary to remove all adjacent soil to the foundation walls and wait for the walls to dry completely.
After that, on the surface of the walls you need to apply a composition of a mixture of diesel fuel and bitumen in proportions of 3: 1, and then cover everything with hot bitumen.
You need to remember about ventilation, what material would not be chosen for the insulation of the cellar, it will quickly become unusable if there is no air circulation in the room.
The simplest and most effective way of ventilation is to install a system of supply and exhaust ducts made of ordinary pipes. PVC diameter from 1 to 5 cm.

The air will circulate independently due to the temperature difference, while the end of the supply channel must be significantly lower than the end of the outlet.

How to insulate the cellar: the choice of material

Thermal insulation of the cellar: an integrated approach - insulation of the ceiling in the cellar, walls and floor

To insulate the cellar, you will need several materials, since different raw materials for thermal insulation are used for walls, ceilings and floors. For example, it is easier to insulate the cellar ceiling with foam.

How to insulate a cellar:

If everything is in order with waterproofing and ventilation, then you can proceed directly to the insulation of the cellar.
Despite the fact that internal insulation will significantly change the microclimate of the cellar, one should not forget that the wall interacts with the external environment in any case.
This means that during frost or extreme heat, it will heat up or freeze to a large extent.
This can be avoided if measures are taken to externally insulate the cellar. The most practical and inexpensive way is to cover with a mixture of cement and sawdust.
The composition is prepared at the rate of: 1 part of cement and 8 parts of sawdust, with this solution the wall is covered with a layer of 25–35 cm, after drying it is applied cement strainer.

Note. This method, in addition to its direct functional features will help to “shift” the formation of the dew point into the insulation layer, which will prevent the appearance of moisture in the insulated room.

Walls outside

Work instructions external thermal insulation

Warming the walls of the cellar from the inside is ineffective, since the material will significantly reduce the area of \u200b\u200bthe room and still moisture and cold will remain. The strongest thermal insulation is measures aimed at warming the walls from the outside.

If this was not done during construction, then the soil should be removed and thermal insulation should be carried out from scratch.

The procedure for insulating walls with foam from the outside:

It is necessary to eliminate all wall defects.
Produce high-quality waterproofing of the walls of the cellar.
Install foam boards (experts recommend using a material with a density of 25).
Insulation, in order to avoid the formation of condensate, is covered with a vapor barrier film.
A cement screed is made on top, cement of the M-100 brand is used for its preparation, reinforcement is carried out for the fortress.

Cellar ceiling insulation

We work with the ceiling

"How to insulate the ceiling of the cellar?" - perhaps the most pressing issue, since half of all heat exchange between the room and the environment occurs through the floor and ceiling. Therefore, the insulation of the cellar ceiling is a very important stage of thermal insulation.

Styrofoam, as a cellar insulation, is best suited:

Excellent thermal insulation characteristics.
Light weight does not put pressure on structural elements.
Availability and economy.
Low exposure to moisture.
Does not rot and does not promote the formation of mold.

We work with foam:

The only alternative to polystyrene is expanded polystyrene. Other materials can be used as insulation, but they are much more expensive and less practical.
Before proceeding with the insulation, it is necessary to eliminate all wall defects: chips, cracks. You need to check the condition of the joints.
Styrofoam is very easy to use, it is enough to glue it with frost-resistant glue to the surface or attach it using special dowels.
Styrofoam fasteners can also be made without the help of a special crate. The advantage is that the material is non-hygroscopic and therefore does not require the installation of a vapor barrier film.

Advice. In the event that glass wool or similar insulation is used, it is necessary to mount the crate.

The disadvantages of polystyrene include a high fire hazard, so wiring and other sources of ignition should be as isolated from the material as possible. In addition, the foam is not environmentally friendly, which is why it is not used in residential areas.

Heat-insulating "pie" for the floor

You can insulate the floor in several ways. The most common option is expanded clay insulation. This requires a vapor barrier, the role of which is performed by a vapor barrier film. After that, beacons are installed, according to the rules.

Note. Then expanded clay is poured, the fraction of which is from 5 to 20 mm, the layer thickness must be at least 10 cm, and then it is poured with a concrete reinforced screed and leveled.

Floor insulation can be done with gravel and sand.

The top layer of the floor with a thickness of about 30 cm is removed.
A layer of crushed stone of 10 cm is poured at the bottom of the formed recess.
The device of a pillow made of sand 5 cm thick.
Ramming.
Filling with bitumen for waterproofing.

Application of concrete reinforced screed with subsequent leveling.

Doors and hatches

The door or hatch to the cellar must also be insulated, thermal insulation can be carried out as in the case of walls. An important point is the elimination of cracks: the fact is that this can lead to a violation of air circulation.

How to insulate a cellar?

The underground room is intended for storing fresh and processed fruits and vegetables throughout the year. If the cellar was poorly insulated from the inside, or the cellar was thermally insulated from the outside, then moisture accumulation and an unacceptable temperature regime are possible.

These factors can lead to crop damage, mold and rot on surfaces. It is necessary to think about how to insulate the cellar from the inside from freezing.

Due to poor-quality waterproofing, moisture can penetrate into the structure in the form of precipitation or melted, flood waters.

The solution to insulation problems can be additional and well-made thermal insulation. In order to decide how to properly insulate the cellar or how to insulate the cellar ceiling, you need to learn about all the existing methods of protection against heat loss, choose the right insulation and carry out all the work in the correct sequence.

Wall insulation

The walls must be additionally covered with a heat-insulating layer to protect against heat loss. It is also important in order to prevent a short circuit, fire or breakdown of electrical equipment.

Insulation works provide the following benefits:

Dry wall surfaces;
Cable and wire insulation, especially if lighting is provided;
Waterproofing of joints between walls and foundations;
Impregnation of walls with solutions that serve as a barrier to microorganisms, mold, fungus;
Warming of internal surfaces of the room.

Styrofoam thermal insulation is one of the inexpensive, but very reliable ways of warming underground rooms. The material itself has high thermal insulation characteristics, is easy to install and can be coated with any impregnation.

If high humidity is found in the room, then foam is needed with a density of 25 kg per cubic meter or more, since it is he who can serve as a reliable barrier against moisture.

You can use extruded polystyrene foam, which is more expensive, but has absolute impermeability to water and a long service life.

Experts note an unpleasant drawback of such material - its combustion. Because of this, when conducting wires through a heater, it is necessary to make separate cable channels.

It is important to seal all joints, seams and cracks with a solution of mounting foam or sealant. If there is a possibility of groundwater penetration, it should be treated with a penetrating mixture, noted by experts as one of the most effective in combating moisture.

Work sequence

When a cellar is being built, how to insulate the surface of the walls is decided even before the start of work. With the help of foam, thermal insulation will be quite simple and should be performed in the following order:

Made and fixed wooden frame all surfaces of the walls of the room;
Styrofoam is laid as tightly as possible in internal surfaces frame;
The insulation is fastened with dowels, with the calculation of 5 pieces per sheet of material;
Slots and joints are sealed with mounting foam and sealant;
The mounting mesh is glued and the surface is plastered.

When insulating with foam, it is extremely important to make protection front door, insulating it more thoroughly than walls. This will provide a high-quality barrier against cold air from the street and better food safety.

Mineral wool and its analogues

Fiberglass, unlike polystyrene, is resistant to combustion and has low thermal conductivity. When using such material, it is important to make high-quality waterproofing, since it is very vulnerable to water and high humidity.

If water is allowed to enter the room, mineral wool will quickly absorb water and lose its heat-shielding characteristics.

The destruction of the heat-insulating layer can occur in 1 season of operation of the cellar, the insulation of which will have to be carried out again.

In this case, the plaster is over the insulation, and additional finishing bars can be used on the walls.

polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam insulation is one of the most reliable and durable way to insulate the surface of the walls. Moisture resistance and the absence of seams provide high-quality thermal insulation, which will maintain an acceptable level of humidity and room temperature.

The cost of the material is significantly higher than its counterparts, but it is environmentally friendly, so it will become optimal way insulation when storing fresh fruits and vegetables.

For warming polystyrene boards you can choose a similar penoplex, which has the qualitative characteristics of foam and plastic. The mass turns out to be homogeneous, it is distinguished by increased heat-insulating characteristics and greater resistance to moisture. Foam insulation is carried out at the very initial stage of construction.

The material consists of many small closed cells, which give it rigidity and strength. Such a layer can withstand the load from the ground and the weight of the structure if it is laid on the floor. Penoplex is produced in sheets from 3 to 10 cm thick.

Ceilings with the help of foam are laid in blocks of not very high density, and more rigid structures are chosen for the floor and walls.

The storage floor, made of concrete slabs, is more likely than other surfaces to freeze. Before insulating the cellar in the garage, it is important to remember that even if it does not cool down due to frost on the street, the cool air of the underground room and the warm air of the garage from above can lead to condensation and high humidity.

It is possible to guarantee dry and warm air inside the storage by using substances that are resistant to moisture. They impregnate the entire surface of the ceiling, even if it is the insulation of the cellar in the garage.

Styrofoam is glued to dry concrete with additional fixation with dowels. As an alternative to such a mount, you can use slats into which insulation is laid.

At the end of the work, all seams are processed with mounting foam, the mounting mesh is laid. The insulation of the cellar ceiling ends with the processing of the finishing layer of plaster.

Cellar floors play one of the most important roles in the preservation of the crop - they provide an optimal microclimate for the cellar. When the cellar floor is insulated, its reliability and durability depend on the quality of the hydro and thermal insulation made, which can be arranged in several ways.

Expanded clay insulation assumes a leveled base, which is covered with sheets of roofing material. Tol or roofing felt is used even for external thermal insulation, they are so strong and invulnerable to temperature extremes. Expanded clay is poured over such waterproofing with a layer of 25 cm. The whole structure is poured concrete screed reinforced with rods.

Sand and gravel

Insulation with a sand-gravel mixture also involves a prepared surface, on which 20 cm of gravel and 5 cm of sand are poured. The pillow is covered with roofing material or a film, which will provide high-quality hydro and vapor barrier, a reinforced belt is made and the concrete mixture is poured.

Insulation of the cellar with polystyrene foam on the floor requires a sand or gravel cushion, which is covered with waterproofing materials. Styrofoam is placed on top of the roofing material for an insulated layer and a screed is poured.

Experts recommend making mandatory ventilation, which will ensure high-quality air exchange and reduce the formation of condensate on surfaces. If you properly insulate the cellar on the street, you can achieve a dry and reliable room in which the crop will be stored until next year in the right condition.

Cellar: how to insulate and choose the right insulation material

How are cellar walls insulated? Features of floor and ceiling insulation. How to properly insulate a basement?

How to insulate a cellar from freezing Proper thermal insulation inside and out

In the country, personal plot or in the courtyard of an honest house they arrange a separate facility for storing vegetables, conservation, winter preparations, twists and other things. The right device the cellar involves insulation to create an optimal microclimate in the storage. The cellar and basement differ in a number of parameters, which means that the approach to warming them for the winter will differ in several ways.

What is the difference between a cellar and a cellar

Basement - a room located under a residential building. The key characteristic is the presence of indirect heating. In this case, during the heating period in the basement is much warmer than in the cellar. In addition, it contains communications. In this connection, the requirements for basement insulation are tougher. Among other things, the basement ceiling is a serious source of heat loss from the heated rooms on the ground floor.

Cellar - an object located separately or under summer kitchen, garage, outbuildings. The temperature in it is more stable throughout the year, which means that preservation, vegetables or wine are stored much better.

This is what leads to the fact that if there is free space on the site, the owners tend to build a cellar on the street. And already in the process of operation, the question invariably arises whether it is necessary to insulate the cellar. After all, from an excess of heat, vegetables will begin to wither and rot, and from a lack of heat, they will freeze.

Of course, it is better to carry out thermal insulation work during the construction of the cellar. But what about those who already have a cellar in the country. How to insulate the cellar from freezing without serious costs?

The choice of insulation method involves work in one of the following areas:

cellar insulation from the outside;
cellar insulation from the inside;
combined insulation. The most efficient way, because is complex.

Types of cellars for a private house

When deciding how to insulate the cellar from the inside or outside, the type of cellar is taken into account first of all:

A separate room with a penetration into the soil up to 0.5 m. It can be free-standing or wall-mounted (one of the walls of the cellar is the wall of an outbuilding or garage). From the point of view of insulation, this is the simplest option, because. It is possible to insulate the walls and roof from the outside and from the inside.

Buried cellar (semi-underground)

The lower point of the building is located at a depth of no more than 1.5 m from the ground surface. In this case, in addition to warming, one should also think about neutralizing the action of groundwater and frost heaving of the soil.

Underground (bulk) cellar

Distinguishes the location of the floor at a level of 2-3 meters underground. With proper waterproofing, this is the most advantageous cellar in terms of operation, which perfectly keeps the positive temperature, approximately constant, throughout the year.

Despite the differences in construction, the design of the cellar is not diverse.

Standard cellar design:

walls - with dense soil - earth, with movable - brick or stone;
floor - absent, or rather it is unpaved;
ceiling - reinforced concrete or wood.

Accordingly, the ceiling, walls, and floor are insulated. Those. all cellar surfaces through which heat loss is possible.

Cellar insulation materials

Despite the significant variety of thermal insulation materials, it should be taken into account that not every one of them is suitable. The material for cellar insulation must have properties such as the ability to maintain geometry, withstand the pressure of water and soil, have high insulating properties (table), and absolute hygroscopicity.

For these reasons, mineral wool or ecowool is of little use for thermal insulation.

If you arrange the materials in descending order, then the following sequence will appear:

cellar insulation with foam. The most popular heater After all, in addition to thermal insulation characteristics, foam plastic is distinguished by low price and ease of installation. Styrofoam does not rot, is not hygroscopic, biologically inert, has a low weight, does not require the use of vapor barrier films and the arrangement of the crate. Mounted both outside and inside the room;

cellar insulation with sawdust or peat soil, which retain heat well and are unattractive to rodents;

cellar insulation with polyurethane foam. PPU refers to sprayed heaters. Possessing all the properties of its predecessors, it is distinguished by incombustibility and the ability to fill the entire space (crevices, cracks). PPU creates a shell, which is the most reliable way to insulate the cellar both from the outside and from the inside. At the same time, the cost of polyurethane foam is high, and the application requires special equipment and the involvement of specialists;

cellar insulation with polystyrene foam. Expanded polystyrene has all the characteristics of polystyrene. It is distinguished only by a higher price, which is due to the greater density of the material, the integrity of the sheet structure (the ability not to crumble during installation), the presence of a tongue-and-groove mounting system;

cellar insulation with expanded clay. Expanded clay, like any other bulk material, is distinguished by a limited scope. As a rule, it is used for floor insulation. It can also be used for walls with external insulation of an underground (dug) cellar.

cellar insulation with black soil. Used for outdoor insulation. In this case, the earth is poured onto the roof of the cellar. However, with the current level of technological development, there are many more effective ways insulation while maintaining the absolute ecological cleanliness of the site.

Insulation technology depending on the type of cellar

Approach to thermal insulation, taking into account the design of the structure.

Ground cellar insulation

With this design, the main emphasis is on the insulation of walls and roofs. So, it is best to do outdoor work and use foam or polystyrene foam. Insulation work is carried out on the street, according to the installation technology of these materials. The roof is insulated from the inside. For these works, soft or hard insulation can be used.

Underground cellar insulation

The walls of such a cellar are half located in the ground. Therefore, there is a risk of flooding. To level it, you need to release (dig out) the buried part outer wall from the ground, treat it with any waterproofing solution (mastic) or wrap it with roofing material. Then lay a rigid insulation or polyurethane foam, re-wrap it with roofing material (this will protect the sheet from deformation) and cover it with soil. To minimize the influence of water, it is better to equip the drainage system.

Insulation of a bulk cellar (underground)

It is carried out both outside and inside. Below are detailed recommendations and advice on the phased thermal insulation of a building for storing agricultural products in the country.

How to insulate the cellar with your own hands

Different insulation technologies in the form of step-by-step instructions.

External insulation of bulk cellar

The most time-consuming part of the work, the implementation involves the implementation of a number of actions:

the soil surrounding the roof and walls of the cellar is removed.

Note. It is sometimes not possible to excavate the soil. For example, when the cellar is dug in the ground, and the resulting slopes are finished with bricks. Such walls can collapse. In this case, users are advised to remove the soil at a distance of 100-150 mm. from the wall, and then gradually remove the rest.

Additional protection against moisture will be provided by the arrangement of a crushed stone-sand cushion at a depth of 200-300 mm. from the base of the wall.

Some craftsmen advise tightening the insulation with a polymer mesh to ensure the integrity of the sheet. Roofing material will more successfully cope with this task. But often the distance between the wall and the soil is simply filled with expanded clay, soil with a high content of clay, or a mixture of soil, sawdust / straw and clay.

In the absence of ventilation in the cellar, it is advisable to take care of it at this stage.

Cellar interior insulation

From the inside, walls, ceiling, floor and doors are subject to thermal insulation. A few photos as an example of the finished result.

Insulation of the cellar wall from the inside

walls are inspected for defects;

the cellar is freed from the contents, shelves and boxes are temporarily dismantled;

the detected defects are eliminated (the protrusions are knocked down, the cracks are foamed with foam or sealant); significant irregularities prevent the high-quality installation of foam;
For this, dowels-umbrellas or glue are used. The foam fixing starts from the bottom row and moves up. In this case, in each subsequent row, an offset of half the sheet is performed;

Note. To eliminate pockets of mold formation, it is advisable to treat the walls with a solution of lime and copper sulfate.

Basement floor insulation

There are several methods of insulation that have proven themselves in practice. Consider floor insulation with expanded clay as the best option in terms of price / quality ratio.

Work order:
- after the concrete, on which the beacons are set and fixed, has hardened, expanded clay gravel with a fraction of 5-20 mm is poured. At the same time, the thickness of the gravel layer depends on the load that will fall on the floor;
- a vapor barrier film is laid on its surface with access to the wall. The height of the overlap is equal to the height of the backfill;
- the floor is deepened to the depth of the future heat-insulating layer (200-300 mm) and leveled;
- beacons are installed on the film. The first one is at a distance of 300-400 mm from the wall. The rest at a distance equal to the length of the rule, which will be equal to the screed;
- reinforced screed is poured. The thickness of the screed also depends on the load.
Sand floor insulation in the cellar

The method of thermal insulation using sand and gravel. This method can only be used for bulk floor.

Work sequence:
- if the insulation is not used, then the floor is poured with hot bitumen. It will perform the function of waterproofing;
- the sand and gravel cushion is carefully rammed;
- a layer of crushed stone is poured (100 mm.);
- the floor is deepened to the depth of the future heat-insulating layer and leveled;
- a layer of sand is poured on top (50 mm.);
- hard heat-insulating material can be laid on the surface (for example, foam plastic, polystyrene foam boards);
- the prepared floor is poured with reinforced concrete screed.
Basement ceiling insulation

In the case of a buried or ground cellar, the roof of the structure needs to be insulated. Roof insulation works involve the use of soft or hard insulation, which is installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

As for the underground (dug, bulk) cellar, the ceiling of the room needs additional insulation.

Work order:
- plaster is applied.
- a layer of rigid insulation is mounted;
- concrete floor slab or wooden beams are treated with a penetrating waterproofing primer. The composition fills the capillaries and prevents water seepage. Wood is additionally treated with an antiseptic;
- heat-insulating material is closed with a mounting grid;
- whitewashing with lime and copper sulphate is performed.
Note. The ceiling in the cellar is the most vulnerable in terms of temperature regime place. Therefore, it is better to insulate it in two layers (100 mm).

Insulation of the entrance group: doors or hatch to the cellar

If the entrance to the cellar is located in the house or in the garage, there are no special requirements for its insulation.

But if the entrance is located on the street, then it is necessary to insulate the manhole into the cellar.

Work order:
- the insulation of the door in the cellar was previously carried out using felt and other soft materials. However, now it is considered justified to use rigid insulation that is glued to the door. Then the insulation is closed with a sheet of plywood, plastic or natural wood. Be sure to eliminate the gaps at the junction of the door to the frame. In this place, a door seal is installed;
- the cellar hatch is insulated in a similar way. Only more attention is paid to the reliable fixation of the insulation on the surface of the cover. Otherwise, it may fall off.
An important point that you should pay attention to when insulating a door or a hatch is to exclude the possibility of their arbitrary opening. Otherwise, all work on the thermal insulation of the cellar will be useless.

Warming of the caisson for the cellar

Insulation of a concrete or brick cellar is not difficult due to the optimality of their shapes and resistance to mechanical damage (brick, concrete walls can be drilled by fixing an umbrella dowel or treated with hot mastic to ensure waterproofing).

But with modern caissons for cellars, the situation is somewhat different, because. thermal insulation measures can damage the tightness of the tank.

However, their insulation is also important, because the walls easily pass both heat and cold. Since the caisson is a one-piece structure, it does not need waterproofing. From the point of view of the material used, the caissons for the cellar can be (types):
plastic (made of polymeric materials);
reinforced concrete (made of concrete rings);
metal (steel). It should be borne in mind that materials have different heat loss rates.
In this case, the cellar-caisson can have the shape of a cube or a cylinder, which leaves an imprint on the choice of a heat insulator. To insulate the caisson for the cellar, you can use bulk, rigid and sprayed heaters. Consider how they are used in descending order of popularity:
- hard insulation. They are used in cases where the caisson has the shape of a cube, square, rectangle with even walls. The insulation is glued to the surface of the caisson. The caisson is placed in the ground, the distance between it and the soil is filled up;
- bulk insulation: soil, expanded clay, sand, peat soil. In this case, the caisson is placed in the ground, and the distance between its walls and the soil is filled up;
- sprayed insulation - polyurethane foam. Provide the most effective thermal insulation. But the disadvantage of PPU insulation is the high price and the need to attract craftsmen with special equipment.
The indicated types of heat-insulating materials are suitable for insulating a metal cellar, as well as for insulating a plastic cellar. A plastic cellar with insulation is presented on the construction market, which eliminates the need for do-it-yourself insulation work, it is enough to perform the installation correctly.

An insulated cellar in a country house or in the courtyard of a private house is a guarantee that the preparations for the winter will be safe and sound, despite the cold or heat “overboard”.

Insulation of the cellar from the inside and outside with your own hands how to insulate from freezing: photo-video

How to insulate the cellar with your own hands. Materials and technology of insulation from the inside, outside. Thermal insulation of ground, underground, buried cellar. Insulation of walls, floor, ceiling and caisson for the cellar

IN winter time cold air contributes to freezing and accumulation of moisture in all non-insulated rooms, including the cellar. Therefore, the problem of how to insulate the cellar is relevant for the owners of private houses.

The cellar is called storage for blanks. This is a free-standing object or buried in the ground. It can be located on the site or in the basement of the house, garage and barn. Usually its construction is planned in advance or a house is bought with ready-made storage.

The walls of the storage area can be earth, cement or brick. Compacted soil or concrete floors. The ceiling can be wood or concrete.

The temperature in such a room is constant, but in the cold season it can freeze. This will result in crop loss.

Types of cellars for a private house

There are three main types of cellars in a house or in a summer cottage:

Ground. The cellar is located on the site. It is a separate building or extension to a garage or utility room. The base is deepened by 0.5 m.
Buried. It is located in the ground at a depth of no more than 1.5 m. Usually this is a structure in the form of a caisson or pit with a hatch.
Underground. It is located at a depth of no more than 3 meters. Keeps positive temperature all year round.

Each type of object requires that the cellar is insulated according to separate rules.

Indications for warming

Cellars with deepening freeze through due to melt or groundwater. Outdoor buildings due to exposure to low temperatures.

Indications for warming are:

lack of insulation in the finished cellar;
new building;
damage to thermal insulation;
freezing of walls, floor, ceiling - accumulation of condensate and frost;
the appearance of mold.

Also, an indication for insulation is damage to products, even if there are no other visible signs.

Cellar insulation has many advantages, the main ones are:

freezing protection;
protection against condensation and mold;
maintaining a stable temperature, optimal for storing supplies;
groundwater protection.

Carrying out insulation work works as insulation and protection from water.

Materials for thermal insulation of the cellar and their characteristics

A variety of heaters can be used as heat-insulating materials:

Expanded polystyrene can be in the form of ordinary foam or foam plastic. The material is durable, well insulates any surface, safe - does not emit harmful substances. The disadvantages of polystyrene include combustibility, does not allow air to pass through. Penoplex retains moisture well, easy to fit. The thickness of the foam varies from 20 to 150 mm, it does not wrinkle.
Penofol. High-quality thin insulation with a foil layer. Environmentally friendly material resistant to temperature fluctuations, does not allow moisture to pass through and is easy to install. Thanks to the reflective properties, it perfectly retains heat. Its thickness is from 2 to 10 mm.
Liquid PPU insulation. Two-component mixture of isocyanate and polyol. Pros: adheres well to any surface, applied with a layer of any thickness, moisture resistant. Disadvantages - Requires pressurized installation.
Mineral wool. It is produced in the form of rolled material, plates of different thicknesses. Density of mineral felt is 100-150 kg/m3, plates - from 100 to 400 kg/m3. Depending on the manufacturer, there are different options for thermal conductivity. From Isover - from 0.032 to 0.044 W/mK, URSA - from 0.032-0.044 W/mK, Knauf - from 0.032 to 0.047 W/mK, Rockwool - from 0.035 to 0.045 W/mK.

Mineral wool adheres well to any surface, repeating design features, wear-resistant and non-flammable.

Basalt wool. It has high resistance to heat retention, moisture, fireproof. Shelf-life Unlimited. It is stronger than mineral insulation.

For floor insulation, sand and expanded clay are traditionally used.

Features of insulation

In the cellar, absolutely all structural elements are insulated. The penetration of cold through at least one element threatens freezing.

Ventilation

Before carrying out work, it is necessary to assess the condition of the old insulation. If it is partially absent, it should be removed and the ventilation duct cleaned of dirt.

Thermal insulation is produced with mineral wool, wrapping it around the structure. From above it is desirable to lay foil material. It can be fixed with steel clamps.

Ceiling insulation

The ceiling in the cellar is most often made of concrete, in some buildings it can be wooden. Insulation of the cellar ceiling has a special order of work:

Clean the surface of cobwebs, streaks, dirt and loose particles.
Cracks are sealed with cement mortar.
The vapor barrier membrane is fixed to metal profiles or frost-resistant and moisture-resistant glue. This is a polymer material with perforation. Protects the surface from moisture.
It is preferable to fasten the vapor barrier with galvanized profiles, as they will serve as a crate for the next step.
The profiles are shot to the ceiling with dowels in increments equal to the width of the selected heat insulator.
Fasten sheets of foam, penofol, mineral mats to glue or screws.
Seal the gaps with mounting foam.
After drying, cut off the protruding parts.
Pin finishing. It can be chipboard, plywood, plastic panels. Wood materials must be proliferated 3 times with the drying of each layer. The top can be painted.

If the ceiling is wooden, then it is cleaned of mold and treated with an antiseptic. After that, the process is similar to the previous one. Also fix the vapor barrier, crate, insulation layer.

We warm the floor

Insulation of the cellar floor begins with the preparation of the base. It should be smooth, clean and dry.

The general procedure for work in the presence of a base from the ground:

The soil base is additionally deepened by 20-30 cm and leveled.
Pour a drainage layer of crushed stone or expanded clay.
Spread 10 cm of sand on top and carefully tamp.
Make a layer of bituminous mastic for waterproofing.
Do filling with expanded clay.
Lay reinforcing mesh.
Pouring concrete layer.
Leave to fully consolidate, depending on the brand.
Finishing can be omitted.

If the floors are concrete, then the order of work begins with the filling of expanded clay. As a result, there will be a double layer of concrete with insulation between them.

Wall insulation

Insulation of the walls of the cellar is carried out as follows:

The walls are cleaned of dirt. If they are wooden, then from mold fungus, followed by antiseptic impregnation.
The cracks are sealed with foam (for wood) or cement mortar (for concrete cellars).
Galvanized profiles are fixed around the entire perimeter with a step equal to the width of the mineral mats, polystyrene.
Thermal insulation is laid between the metal slats.
A layer of penofol is laid on top of it and the entire structure is shot with dowels to the wall.
Mount the finish of particle boards or plastic.

Wooden surfaces are dried and painted several times.

Principles and procedure for warming the cellar

Cellar insulation is divided into external and internal.

External insulation

An external version of insulation is necessary for separate rooms. It has many advantages: it protects against moisture penetration, freezing, does not affect the change in the cellar area. Procedure:

Perform waterproofing with bituminous mastic or roofing felt upholstery.
Apply a special composition for pasting walls board material. Usually it is cold mastic. It is applied to a layer of stone wool, polystyrene foam. Press firmly against the wall.
The voids are sealed with mounting foam, the remains of which are then cut off.
Lay a layer of penofol, fixing it to the mastic.
From above they are sewn up with a galvanized profile or clapboard.

Insulation plates must be laid out from below, retreating from the ground.

External insulation should be made during construction. If the cellar is already ready, then the work is more difficult to do, since you will have to remove the old skin. In this case, it is advisable to entrust the work to specialists.

Internal insulation

How to insulate the cellar from freezing from the inside largely depends on its type. In general, the order of work includes thermal insulation of the ceiling, walls, floor, ventilation and entrance group. All work includes a preliminary stage of cleaning the base, laying the frame for the ceiling and horizontal surfaces. Next comes the laying out of the insulation and finishing.

Insulation technology depending on the type of cellar

Insulation of the cellar from the inside is carried out for all types of cellars, and external - for separate buildings.

Warming of this type of cellar is carried out mainly from the outside. It is important to insulate the roof and walls. For wall insulation, the following stages of work are observed:

To a depth of 200 to 300 mm, soil is sampled and the roof is cleaned. For finished buildings, this stage is complicated by the fact that the walls are already finished with brick or other material. You don't want to touch him. We'll have to carefully make a recess to the possible depth.
In the place of excavation, a drainage cushion is made from a layer of crushed stone and sand.
They make waterproofing from bituminous mastic (this stage is performed only on new walls).
Thermal insulation is laid on the wall, slightly retreating from the sand and crushed stone cushion. The plates are smeared with cold mastic and glued to the wall.
From above, penofol or film is attached to screws or dowels.
Close the wall with a profile or other finishing material.

The roof of a ground building is insulated with roll materials. Penofol is laid out on the roofing material and the roofing material is placed on top again. The final layer can be corrugated board or slate.

Insulation of a recessed room

In this type of cellar, the walls are half in the ground. For the production of thermal insulation, it is necessary to excavate the soil as much as possible in order to protect the wall from freezing. In the recess, drainage is made from a cement-sand cushion. Roofing material is laid on top. Walls can be waterproofed with mastic, on which board insulation can be glued. It is covered with roofing material, shooting it with dowels.

When insulating the roof of the cellar, work is carried out as follows:

The roof is covered with a clay-straw mixture to a height of up to 0.5 m. The components are thoroughly mixed beforehand until homogeneous.
Produce ramming. To ensure its quality, there is a special manual roller.
They cover with dense polyethylene, wrapping it on the wall with an overlap of up to 20 cm.
They cover the roof with roofing material or coat it with a composition of bitumen and diesel fuel in a ratio of 1 to 3.
This layer is covered with fertile soil 15 cm high. Then the roots of the plants will act as an additional reinforcement for the roof.

As a result, the building will be a semi-submerged hill, which is reliably protected from the sun and frost. The temperature in such a cellar optimally meets all the requirements for storing vegetables and preparations.

We warm the underground cellar

Insulation of the cellar in the garage, basement or on the street is carried out outside and inside. It is carried out both outside and inside. Outside, the hatch is thermally insulated, the description is presented below. From the inside, circular insulation of the floor and walls is carried out as described above.

The nuances of thermal insulation of doors and cellar hatches

When you find the entrance to the cellar indoors, you can not insulate it or lay a thin insulator. You can stick penofol under the finish coat.

The entrance from the street or the hatch must be insulated. Work is carried out as follows:

Sheets of stone wool or expanded polystyrene cut to size are glued to the door. The top is finished with any material. The gaps between the box and the wall are sealed with mounting foam.
The manhole cover is pasted over with a heater outside and inside. A sheet of iron is fixed on top. If the lid is made for a new cellar, then special frame for inserting insulation.

It is necessary to check the quality of the abutment of the hatch and the door, there should be no gaps.

Warming of the caisson for the cellar

The caisson can be made of polymer, reinforced concrete or metal. In shape, concrete and steel most often have the shape of a cube, and plastic cylinders.

This design is a modern version of the underground cellar and its insulation is carried out in a similar way. Before installing the caisson, the walls are insulated by pasting with a heat insulator. PPU spraying works best. Liquid polymer is easier to isolate a cylindrical caisson.

Steel structures must be insulated in several layers. They freeze more than others. When insulating, you can combine a layer of polyurethane foam with laying mineral wool or slab mats.

After carrying out work on heat saving, the structure is placed in the ground. The distance between the walls of the pit and the cellar is covered with rubble. From above, crushed stone is laid with roofing material or poured with bitumen. The final step is pouring the soil.

The modern market offers caissons with insulation, but they are quite expensive. Therefore, it is easier to do the work yourself.

It is better to isolate any cellar option at the stage of building a house. But most often, ready-made properties are purchased, equipped with all outbuildings. The instructions above will work for all possible types of cellars.

It is preferable to insulate the basement from the outside, since this process from the inside of the perimeter can harm the foundation. But thermal insulation of the basement from the inside in already built houses is much cheaper.

To decide on the possibility of insulating the basement from the outside or from the inside, you need to decide how wet its walls are and where the moisture comes from.

Why is the basement damp and what to do

Sometimes on the walls of the basement you can see droplets of water. There may be two reasons for this.

Water comes from the ground through the walls or from the basement floor.
Water condenses on the walls from the warm incoming air in summer. Since basement walls that are not insulated from the outside will always be cold (ground temperature).

Now consider two options:

what to do if the basement is flooded, and water from the soil penetrates into it;
if the basement is dry, then how can it be insulated from the inside and how it is done with your own hands.

If water penetrates, then it is unacceptable to insulate from the inside

Basement insulation from the inside is a necessary measure when external insulation is impossible or not cost-effective. It is possible to conduct internal basement insulation only on dry foundation walls. But at the same time, there is a risk of an increase in the rate of destruction of the foundation due to its freezing.

If water penetrates into the basement from the ground through the foundation walls, then it is strictly not allowed to lay the insulation on the inner side surface of the foundation.

Internal insulation will cause even more moisture in the foundation, as well as lower its temperature in winter, since there is no external insulation.

The freezing area inside the foundation will increase much, which, combined with high humidity, very quickly disables the foundation.

How to drain and drain water

Eliminating the penetration of water into the basement from the ground is either difficult or impossible. More often you need to equip a drainage system around the house or repair an existing one.

In this case, it is necessary to tear off the foundation from the outside. In this case, talking about internal insulation loses all meaning, since the foundation walls become free for external insulation and additional waterproofing.

There may be other drying options. Sometimes the issue is resolved comprehensively for a group of houses or a whole village, by digging a drainage ditch.

Sometimes the basement can be drained only by equipping a well with a pump in it. Although pumping out a spring under the house is an extremely thankless task, but what to do? This source of water can serve for the purpose of water supply at home, so not all pump work will be "downwind".

Thus, for a wet basement, one method of insulation remains - external with preliminary drainage of the soil.

That's right - insulation from the outside

Briefly about the external insulation of the basement. If we are talking about a heated basement, then the insulation layer on the outside is not recommended to be less than 0.15 meters.

For external insulation of the foundation itself in order to preserve it and reduce heat loss from the house, the thickness of the insulation can be 0.1 meter for the upper belt along the perimeter of the house with a height of 0.5 meters, and 0.05 meters for the lower one, the same height.

The general scheme of insulation of the foundation without a basement from the outside and from the inside with waterproofing of the concrete structure is shown in the figure.

Now let's take a closer look at the option when the soil around the basement is dry, and there is a need to insulate the basement, and it is advisable to do this only from the inside.

Polyurethane foam for basement insulation from the inside

Steam condensation on foundation walls always occurs in summer, because the wall, which has ground temperature, will be below the dew point for warm air entering the basement.

When insulating the basement from the inside, it is necessary to lay the insulation on the wall in such a way that there is no empty space between it and the surface.

The use of a heater that passes steam well for insulating the walls of the basement from the inside is not allowed, as it will immediately get wet from condensate.

The best option for indoor use is sprayed polyurethane foam. It adheres strongly to any surface and fills all the cracks, so that there are no voids left.

A false wall is built on top of the polyurethane foam, which relies only on side surfaces. In this case, the continuity of the insulation must not be violated.

How to apply extruded polystyrene foam

Extruded polystyrene foam is also great for warming the basement from the inside. But the material is slab, so the wall must be leveled carefully before applying it. In difficult places, it is allowed to cut the material according to the surface configuration.

It is impossible to fasten the insulating material to fragile foundations, i.e. plaster or loose concrete. Before insulation with glue or foaming compounds, the plaster is removed, with the exception of extra-strong layers. The wall, if necessary, is leveled with an adhesive mortar, and in case of significant flaws, with a very strong cement-sand mortar.

In the case of basement insulation from the inside, additional fastening of insulation sheets with dowels is not necessary and harmful.

The expanded polystyrene layer must be continuous and completely adjacent to the surface of the foundation on the adhesive. The joints between the sheets (thorn groove) are coated with sealant. Thus, a complete obstacle is created for the movement of steam through the polystyrene foam insulation layer and its condensation in the voids on the wall.

Styrofoam for basement insulation is not recommended due to its low vapor and water resistance. It is possible to use only extruded non-absorbent options.

Insulation thickness

In order for the insulation of the basement from the inside to be sufficient in terms of the minimum level of heat loss, the thickness of the insulation should be:

10 centimeters for polystyrene foam;
8 centimeters for polyurethane foam.

How to insulate a basement

To insulate the basement from the inside on your own, you can choose only extruded polystyrene foam. This heater is relatively expensive. But cheap foam in the basement is not applicable, due to the fact that it can gradually become saturated with moisture.

Basement insulation from the inside:

the existing plaster is stripped, the wall is cleaned of dust;
the wall is impregnated with a water repellent;
the wall is leveled, if necessary, with foam glue or a strong (comparable to concrete) cement-sand mortar;
Styrofoam sheets are glued to the wall. The glue is applied to the wall with a notched trowel, the sheets are applied and tapped with a mallet, when joining, the seams between the sheets are smeared with sealant.

Only expanded polystyrene sheets joined in a groove are used.
The surface of the glued sheets is leveled with a grater if necessary.
On top of the expanded polystyrene is applied decorative plaster or a false wall is built on top of the insulation.

If finishing is needed

In the basement, polystyrene foam does not require additional protection, because sunlight does not enter the basement. Therefore, a layer glued on the wall with your own hands can not be covered with additional protection.

If finishing is necessary, then the easiest way to insulate the basement from the inside is to do the following:

cover the expanded polystyrene with a thin layer of glue with a notched trowel 8 mm;
drown in glue plaster fiberglass mesh with a cell of 4 - 5 mm;
apply another layer of glue on top of the mesh with a figured roller, getting curly surface suitable for painting.

But this simple option can be replaced with any other finishing option, with the exception of heavy finishes (ceramic tiles, stucco molding ...), and ways where you need to break through the continuity of the insulation. Most often, either figured plaster or wall alignment for wallpaper is used.

How to insulate the floor

Of course, it makes sense to insulate basement walls only when done. reliable insulation gender. Cold penetrates the basement from all sides. It is necessary to create a box of insulation, with the exception of the thermal insulation of the upper floor, if the basement is heated.

As a rule, the floor in the basement is bulk on the ground. This type of floor can be insulated by raising it by 20 - 30 cm with laying waterproof strong insulation under a reinforced concrete screed. This conventional technology provides:

laying polystyrene foam 15 centimeters thick on the ground (compacted sand bedding);
closing polystyrene foam with a waterproofing agent;
pouring on top of a reinforced concrete screed with a thickness of 5 centimeters or more with reinforcement with a metal mesh.

Only by doing a similar set of works on warming the basement from the inside, you can make it a heated room below ground level. But before embarking on such work, you need to think again about the possibility of conducting external insulation of the basement walls so as not to harm the structure.

The basement freezes. A guide to the internal thermal insulation of the cellar from freezing. Underground cellar insulation

We set the task

Determine the source of the problem

The best option for insulation

Warming of the internal structures of the cellar

Ceiling and floor

How to reduce humidity

Features of the microclimate of the cellar

Choosing the Right Material

Internal insulation technology

Preparatory stage

Ceiling

Floor

Walls

External insulation technology

Advantages of the method

Surface waterproofing

Installation of thermal insulation

Conclusion

How to insulate the cellar from freezing from the inside: floor, ceiling, walls

Determine the source of the problem

What exactly needs to be insulated in the cellar to prevent freezing

Ceiling insulation

How to insulate the floor

Sequence of work

How to insulate walls

Video: another effective method - warming the cellar with penoizol

How to insulate a cellar: external thermal insulation, floor, wall, ceiling and door insulation

Features of insulation of various parts of the cellar

External thermal insulation

Floor insulation

Wall insulation

Ceiling insulation

door insulation

Conclusion

Page 2

Why insulate the foundation

Basement insulation methods

Types of heat insulators

Warming process

Conclusion

Cellar insulation: preparatory work

How to insulate the cellar from freezing from the inside

Step-by-step actions: how to insulate the basement from the inside

How to insulate a cellar in a garage (video)

Features of insulation

Ventilation

Ceiling insulation

Wall insulation

Floor insulation

How to insulate a cellar and where to start

How to properly insulate the cellar: the beginning of work

How to insulate the cellar: the choice of material

How to insulate a cellar?

Wall insulation

How to insulate a cellar from freezing Proper thermal insulation inside and out

What is the difference between a cellar and a cellar

Types of cellars for a private house

Cellar insulation materials

Insulation technology depending on the type of cellar

External insulation of bulk cellar

Cellar interior insulation

Insulation of the entrance group: doors or hatch to the cellar

Warming of the caisson for the cellar

Types of cellars for a private house

Indications for warming

Materials for thermal insulation of the cellar and their characteristics

Features of insulation

Ventilation

Ceiling insulation

We warm the floor

Wall insulation

Principles and procedure for warming the cellar

External insulation

Internal insulation

Insulation technology depending on the type of cellar

Insulation of a recessed room

We warm the underground cellar

The nuances of thermal insulation of doors and cellar hatches

Warming of the caisson for the cellar