1. The first step in the facade insulation technology is the preparation of the surface of the walls of the facade itself.

For step 1 you will need the following:

from a tool (metal brushes, a vacuum cleaner, a scraper, a high pressure with heated water, trowels, graters and semi-graters, trowels, rollers, paint sprayers, slats, rules, plumb lines).
from materials (polymer cement and cement-sand mortars grades 100-150, penetrating primer).
control methods (visual, measuring - rail, plumb, level).
controlled parameters (Surface evenness, absence of cracks, shells. Uniformity of surface priming, conformity of the choice of primer to the type of base). Thickness of layers - in 1 layer no more than 0,5 mm. Drying time - at least 3 hours.

Works of this stage:

Mechanical cleaning threw. brushes from dirt and dust. In case of concrete walls removal of smudges of concrete and cement laitance. Leveling surface irregularities, sealing cracks, depressions, sinks, recesses with polymer cement mortar M-100, 150. In the case of repair and restoration work, old (convex) plaster or tiles are removed, the facade is plastered cement-sand mortar M-100.
Priming the surface with a primer.
Dilution with water penetrating primer 1:7

2. The second stage is the preparation of the adhesive mass.

For step 2 you will need the following:

from material (Glue)
from the tool (Container with a volume of at least 10 liters. Mixer, drill and special nozzles, buckets)
control method (Visual, laboratory)
controlled parameters (dosage of components, compliance of adhesive masses, (uniformity, mobility, adhesive strength, etc.) requirements of technical specifications).

Works of this stage:

Open a standard 25 kg bag of dry mix.
- In a clean container, the volume of which is at least 10 liters, pour 5 liters of water (from +15 to +20 ° C) and, adding the dry mixture in small portions to the water, mix it with a low-speed drill with a special nozzle until a homogeneous creamy mass is obtained.
- After a 5-minute break, mix the finished adhesive mass again.
- Preparation of the adhesive mass is carried out at an air temperature of +5°C and above.

3. The third stage is the installation of the first row of insulation using a basement profile

For step 3 you will need the following:

from the material (basement profile, anchors, mineral wool insulation
glue metal nails, bolts, dowels)
from a tool (Electric wrenches, hammers, plumb lines, theodolite - level, knives, metal rulers, serrated and smooth spatulas, a device for cutting plates, hammers, tape measures, plumb lines, theodolite - level)
control method (Visual, measuring optical (by level))
controlled parameters (Design position, horizontal fastening, layer thickness in accordance with the Technical Certificate). Thickness of a layer - 10-15 mm., Drying time - days.

Works of this stage:

Set the base profile horizontal to zero.
The profile should be fastened with anchors or dowels in accordance with the Technical Certificate.
Alignment of the wall to produce special plastic gaskets.
The profile is connected using special gaskets that are part of the system.
Cut mineral wool boards (insulation) into strips of 300 mm to install the first row of insulation.
Apply the adhesive mass with a notched trowel in a continuous layer on a strip of mineral wool board.
Glue the insulation to the wall.
After 48-72 hours, drill a hole in the wall for the dowel through the insulation strip and install it (the distance from the edge of the strip to the dowel is 100 mm, and between the dowels is not more than 300 mm).
Stitch the seams between the stripes mineral wool boards scraps of insulation

4. Installation of a standard range of insulation from PSB-S-25F

For step 4 you will need the following:

from material (Glue "Thermomax 100K", insulation, PSB-S-25F, dowel, metal nails)
from the tool (See above, Grinding stones, with a pressure device)
controlled parameters (design position, thickness of the adhesive layer, no gaps of more than two mm between the insulation boards, jagged ligation, adhesive strength of the adhesive layer to the base surface and to the surface of the insulation, the number of dowels per 1 sq.m, the fixation strength of the dowels, the depth .). Layer thickness - 10-15 mm. Drying time - 1 day.

Works of this stage:

Apply the adhesive mass on the PSB-S-25F slab in one of three ways, which are indicated in the instructions for use, depending on the curvature of the walls.
Glue the PSB-S25F slab to the wall (with dressing for ½ of the slab relative to the bottom row of insulation).
After 48-72 hours, drill a hole in the wall for the dowel through the PSB-S-25F slab and install it depending on the number of storeys of the building and the type of foundation.
Caulk the seams between the insulation boards with insulation scraps.
Make sanding of the installed plates PSB-S-25

Stage 4.1: Installation of cuts from a mineral wool board between floors

For step 4.1 you will need the following:

from the tool (Tapes, plumb lines, level, knives, metal rulers, notched and smooth spatulas, electric wrenches, hammers, tape measures)
method of control (Visual, measuring, input control of materials)

Works of this stage:

Cut the mineral wool board into 200mm strips.
Apply the adhesive mass to the entire plane of the insulation strip with a notched trowel.
Glue the insulation to the wall at the level of the upper slope of the window of each floor with a continuous strip.
After 48-72 hours, drill a hole in the wall for the dowel through the insulation strip and install it (the number of dowels is 3 pcs per one strip, the distance from the edge of the strip to the dowel is 100 mm and between the dowels is no more than 300 mm).
Finish off the metal nails in the dowels.
To caulk the seams between the PSB-S-25F mineral wool boards with scraps of insulation.

Stage 4.2: Installation of a standard range of mineral wool insulation

For step 4.2 you will need the following:

from the material (Insulation mineral wool board, glue, dowel, metal nails, bolts)
from the tool (Roulettes, plumb lines, level, knives, metal rulers, notched and smooth spatulas, electric wrenches, hammers, tape measures)
control method (Visual, measuring)
controlled parameters (design position, horizontal fastening, thickness and cohesion of the adhesive layer in accordance with the normative and technical documentation and this map). Layer thickness - 10-15 mm. Drying time - 1 day.

Works of this stage:

Apply the adhesive mass to the mineral wool board in one of the three ways indicated in the instructions, depending on the unevenness of the walls.
Glue the mineral wool slab to the wall (with ligation of the slabs relative to the lower row of insulation).
After 48-72 hours, drill a hole in the wall for the dowel through the insulation plate and install it, depending on the number of storeys of the building and the type of foundation.
Finish off metal nails or bolts in dowels.

Stage 5 Installation of fire breaks around windows and doorways.

For step 5 you will need the following:

from the material (Insulation mineral wool board, glue, dowel, metal nails)
from a tool (Metal rulers, notched and smooth spatulas, a tool for cutting insulation boards)
method of control (Visual, measuring, input control of materials)
controlled parameters (design position, continuity and thickness of the adhesive layer, the width of the cuts, the absence of gaps of more than two mm between the insulation plates, the installation scheme of the insulation at the tops of the corners of the openings (“boots”), the number of dowels, the anchoring depth of the dowel in the base, the strength of fixation in the base) . Layer thickness - 10-15 mm. Drying time - 1 day.

Works of this stage:

Cut the insulation into strips with a width equal to or more than 150 mm
Apply the adhesive mass in a continuous layer on a strip of mineral wool board with a notched trowel.
Install strips of mineral wool board around the perimeter of the window according to the typical system assembly.
After 48-72 hours, drill a hole in the wall through the strips of mineral wool board under the dowel and install it (the number of dowels is 3 pcs. per one strip, the distance from the edge of the strip to the dowel is 100mm and between the dowels is not more than 300mm).
Finish off the metal nails in the dowels.
Caulk the seams between the plates and trimmings of the insulation

Stage 6 Reinforcement of building corners, window and door openings

For step 6 you will need the following:

material (Universal elastic compound, plastic corner)
from a tool (Metal rulers, notched and smooth spatulas, a tool for cutting plates and insulation)
method of control (Visual, measuring, input control of materials)
controlled parameters (Appearance, surface straightness). Layer thickness - 3-5 mm. Drying time - 1 day.

Works of this stage:

Install a plastic corner on the insulation at the corners of the building, window and door openings.

Stage 7. Application of a reinforcing layer on window and door slopes

For step 7 you will need the following:

material (universal elastic mixture, reinforcing mesh)
from a tool (Spatulas, trowels, brushes, trowels, a grinding bar with a pressure device, rule rails)
method of control (Visual, measuring, input control of materials)
controlled parameters (appearance, availability of additional mesh layers). Layer thickness - 3-5 mm. Drying time - 1 day.

Works of this stage:

Apply the mixture to the end and outer plane of the mineral wool board.
Drown the previously glued corner reinforcing mesh into the freshly applied mixture.
Remove excess mixture
After the first layer has dried, glue additional strips of diagonal reinforcing mesh (kerchiefs) at the corners of window, door and other openings

Stage 8. Installation of an anti-vandal base layer for the first floors of a building

For step 8 you will need the following:

made of material (universal elastic mixture, shell mesh)
method of control (Visual, measuring, input control of materials)
controlled parameters (total thickness of the reinforcing layer in accordance with the technical certificate, the width of the overlap, the presence of additional diagonal overlays at the tops of the corners of the openings). Layer thickness - 3 mm. Drying time - 1 day.

Works of this stage:

Drown the armored mesh without gaps in the freshly laid mixture. The connection of the panzer mesh web is mounted end-to-end, without overlap.
Remove excess mixture

Stage 9 Applying a reinforcing layer on the plane of the insulation

For step 9 you will need the following:

from material (Universal elastic mixture, ordinary reinforcing mesh)
from a tool (Spatulas, brushes, trowels, trowels, a grinding bar with a pressure device, rule rails)
method of control (Visual, measuring, input control of materials)
controlled parameters (Total thickness of the reinforcing layer in accordance with the Technical Certificate, overlap width, the presence of additional diagonal overlays at the tops of the corners of the openings). Layer thickness - 4 mm. Drying time - 1 day.

Works of this stage:

Apply the mixture to the plane of the insulation boards.
Drown in a freshly laid adhesive mass an ordinary reinforcing mesh without gaps, with an overlap of sheets of at least 100 mm at vertical and horizontal joints.
Remove excess adhesive mass.
Apply adhesive mass for leveling on the dried surface of the reinforcing layer, completely covering the reinforcing mesh and creating a smooth surface.
After the leveling layer has dried, smooth out any irregularities sandpaper.

10 stage. Primer for decorative finishing

For step 10 you will need the following:

from material (Quartz primer)
from a tool (roller, spray guns, compressor, paint gun)
control method (Visual)
controlled parameters (primer uniformity, primer conformity). Layer thickness - 0.5 mm. Drying time - at least 3 hours.

Works of this stage:

Prepare the primer composition for work.
Dust off the plastered surface.
Apply the primer by hand using a roller or mechanically on the entire surface without gaps in one layer.

Stage 11: Applying decorative plaster

For step 11 you will need the following:

from material (decorative mixture)
from a tool (Stainless steel grater, plastic grater)
control method (Visual)
controlled parameters (no transitions, uniform smoothing, crumb). Layer thickness - 2.5-3 mm. Drying time - 7 days.

Works of this stage:

Preparation of mortar mixture. (see item 2).
Applying plaster.

Stage 11.1: Painting the decorative protective layer

For step 11.1 you will need the following:

material (Paint)
from the tool (Rollers, paint installations)
control method (Visual)
controlled parameters (Uniformity of color, uniformity, docking of sections). Layer thickness - 2 layers no more than 0.5 mm. Drying time - 5 hours.

Works of this stage:

Prepare the paint composition for work.

Apply the paint composition manually with a roller or mechanically, twice covering the entire primed surface.

Stage 12: Sealing the joints between the insulation system and the building structure

For step 12 you will need the following:

of material (sealing cord, sealant)
from the tool (Spatulas, sealant gun)
control method (Visual)
controlled parameters (no cracks, coating thickness)

Works of this stage:

The gaps between the insulation system and the building structure are filled with a sealing cord along the entire length of the seam, and sealed with polyurethane sealant.

58653 1

Before considering the issue on the merits, it is necessary to understand the terminology. The fact is that in many articles fundamentally incorrect definitions are given. wet facade, because of which inexperienced developers have confusion. Amateurs call a wet facade such insulation, for the installation of which glue is used on water based. Since this material is “wet”, then the facade, respectively, is also “wet”. For persuasiveness, they talk about the dew point (it, they say, in this case is taken out of the wall) and the information takes on a “scientific” look. What is real?

According to current building regulations, all buildings must meet the requirements for heat saving. It is impossible to achieve this without the use of heaters. For example, even wooden walls in middle lane our country must have a thickness of at least 60 cm, only such parameters guarantee the desired thermal conductivity.

If the walls are made of brick, then their thickness increases to 120 cm or more. Of course, no one puts up such houses, and to improve the heat saving indicators, effective heaters are used, most often mineral wool or polystyrene.

Warming can be done both internal and external surfaces of facade walls. Let's dwell on the outer surfaces, they are insulated in two ways.

As for the dew point, in all cases, without exception, it is taken out of the premises. The only exception is that the walls of the house are so thin that the rooms are cooled to the dew point. Such cases happen in old panel Khrushchevs.

We specifically took your time to explain the terminology, only knowing this, you can correctly understand the process of facade insulation using various technologies.

Technically correct, such facades should be called a heat-insulating composite system for insulating facade walls with external plaster layers. How heaters are used foam boards or pressed mineral wool, in thickness are selected taking into account the climatic zone and the initial characteristics of the thermal conductivity of the facade walls. But in most cases, you need at least ten centimeters. Pressed mineral wool is used very rarely and only special types. The reason is insufficient indicators of physical strength, partial shrinkage during operation. What layers does the wet facade consist of?

The base is a facade wall. It can be brick, wood, foam blocks, monolithic concrete or OSB sheets. Requirement - the surface must be flat. Otherwise, air will circulate between the wall surface and the foam boards, because of this phenomenon, the insulation efficiency decreases significantly.
Thermal insulation layer. Expanded polystyrene of facade grades (non-combustible). It is fixed with glue and dish-shaped dowels.
Fiberglass. It is advisable to purchase nets that are resistant to alkalis.
Ordinary for painting or decorative plaster. It is allowed to finish the finish with light facing facade slabs.

Before proceeding to the description of the wet facade installation technology, we want to dwell on the requirements for facade plaster in more detail. The quality in this case is directly proportional to the number of years during which the following will be preserved in their original form:

facade integrity;
its novelty.

So, it is best to opt for elastic facade plasters. Silicone compounds are ideal, for example, the new generation bark beetle plaster. Consider the main advantages of this facade coating.

Elasticity. Due to the presence of silicone in the composition, "Bark beetle" is flexible and elastic. Such properties of the coating prevent the formation of microscopic cracks on the dried plaster. This is an important quality, because any building after graduation construction works exposed to:

vibrations affecting the structure during shrinkage;
expansion and contraction of the materials from which the building is made, with changes in temperature.

All of these circumstances lead to the formation of small and frequent cracks on ordinary plaster. The elastic silicone composition can protect your facade from this trouble.

The texture of silicone plaster "Bark beetle", grain 2 mm

Moisture resistance. Another one unique feature bark beetle plasters from the Farbe factory - one hundred percent resistance to moisture and full vapor permeability. For this, again, you can thank the unusual composition of the mixture. The finished plaster adheres tightly to every unevenness of the covered wall, and creates a protection through which water cannot seep through.

Long-term color retention. Farbe plaster contains silicone resins, which give the following effects:

the surface does not burn out - protection from ultraviolet rays is provided;
prevents the effect of any other phenomena that affect the loss of brightness of the facade.

If, as a result of mechanical action, the plaster was scratched or rubbed somewhere, you will not even notice it. The entire mass of plaster is tinted in color and no scratches or abrasions are visible on it.

Self cleaning. Thanks to the "clean facade" technology, the facing plaster "Bark beetle" is independently cleaned. This happens due to the following factors:

during distribution and solidification, the elastic composition forms a smooth, solid film;
in the presence of even a little rain, the dust that has settled on the facade is easily washed off without outside help.

In other words, if you are too lazy to independently monitor the appearance of the dwelling, and would like it to be “itself”, the Bark beetle plaster from the Farbe factory is your option.

Record service life. The service life of Bark beetle is on average five times higher than for similar products on the market today. If using ordinary plaster, you renew the facade coating every 5 years, with "Bark beetle" this needs to be done once every quarter of a century.

Tinting. According to the manufacturer's statements, the bark beetle silicone plaster you are interested in is tinted in about 2,500 different shades. This diversity is due to the use of computer tinting and pigments from the world's leading manufacturers.

Variants of shades of silicone plaster "Korooed" Farbe

Little expense. Dry plasters imply material consumption during cladding, equal to approximately 5 kilograms per 1 m². However, the product of the Farbe factory, due to the quality and high density of the composition, suggests using no more than 3 kilograms per unit area, which is enough to form an ideal coating.

The production of the considered silicone plaster for facades is certified according to the international standard. By purchasing silicone plaster, you provide walls with own house reliable protection.

Styrofoam prices

Styrofoam

Video - How to apply silicone plaster "Bark beetle"

Prices for various types of decorative bark beetle plaster

Plaster decorative bark beetle

Wet facade installation technology

Count the number building materials with a margin of approximately 10%, prepare the tools. As a heater, we recommend using foam boards, this is the cheapest and very effective option. The disadvantage of polystyrene is the complete impermeability of moisture, but this will have to be put up with. Moreover, brick or concrete surfaces and they hardly breathe.

To finish the facades, you will need scaffolding, it is better to use metal ones. If not, make your own from lumber. Pay great attention to safety, install them on stable surfaces. Check the position by level, if the building has more than two floors, then you need to tie the vertical posts to the facade walls with special metal hooks.

Important. During the installation of scaffolding, leave a gap between them and the wall, the size of the gap should provide convenient work hand while plastering or painting the insulation layer. Otherwise, the scaffolding will have to be dismantled and re-installed, and this is an extra waste of time and money.

Step 1. Check the surfaces of the facade walls, irregularities of more than 1 cm must be cut down, all the rest can be trimmed with glue. Do not be afraid that the cost of work will increase. If you calculate the time for additional wall plastering, the price of materials, then the use of glue as a leveling mortar will be much more profitable.

Step 2 Beat off the lower horizontal line with a special rope with blue, do it in a strictly horizontal position. If you are afraid that the first row of foam plates will slide down, then you need to fix a flat wooden or metal rail along the line. Fasten it with dowels or nails, it all depends on the material of manufacture facade wall.

Practical advice. Dish-shaped dowels must match the base, they have differences for wooden, foam block and brick walls, keep this in mind when purchasing materials. Dowels can be screwed into a tree or driven into a prepared hole. The length of the dowel should be equal to the thickness of the foam sheet and the adhesive, plus approximately 60 mm to fix it in the wall.

Step 3 Porous surfaces should be primed, use a deep penetration primer. Apply the solution liberally for maximum impregnation of porous substrates. On smooth cement or brick facade walls, spray with cement laitance. Such operations will increase the coefficient of adhesion of the adhesive to the surfaces.

Step 4 Measure the amount of deviation from the horizontal corners of the house and check the plane of the walls. This can be done with a plumb line and a rope.

In the corners of the house, install plumb lines along the entire height of the wall. At the top and bottom, tie the rope to specially installed metal bars, pull it well.
Attach a horizontal cord to the stretched ropes, do not tighten the knots.
Gradually pull the horizontal cord up along the vertical ropes and measure the distance between it and the wall.

These data will make it possible to assess the condition of the wall. If deviations exceed a centimeter, then they will have to be repaired.

Step 5 Prepare the adhesive mixture according to the manufacturer's instructions. The amount depends on your productivity. During the preparation of the mixture, pour water into the container, and then pour in the dry ingredients.

Practical advice. If the facade walls are covered old paint, then do not rush to remove it, it is long and difficult. First, check the strength of adhesion to the base. To do this, cut a grid of grooves about 1 × 1 cm in size in the paint, stick masking tape to the surface and tear it off. If the paint remains on the wall - excellent, the insulation of the facade can be done on it. If not, you will have to remove it from the surface of the walls.

Step 6 Glue must be applied to the surface of the foam. If the wall is even (roughnesses do not exceed 5 mm), use a comb. But this happens very rarely. In most cases, the solution will have to be applied with a trowel or spatula using the beacon method. One sheet needs up to eight beacons up to two centimeters high around the perimeter and in the center, with a diameter of about 10 cm. Due to this height, foam boards are easy to level. Glue must be applied at an angle along the edges of the slab to prevent it from getting into the seams.

Important. After one or two rows, eliminate the possibility of natural air convection between the insulation and the front wall, otherwise natural draft will appear and the insulation will be ineffective. Not just bad, but inefficient, keep that in mind. To eliminate draft, the solution on these plates must be continuous along one line, the gap between the plates should be completely absent.

Step 7 Immediately after spreading, apply the plate to the surface. Press and level the foam with a long wooden trowel or rail, control the position with a level.

Important. Inexperienced builders can deviate vertically, it is difficult for them to control the position with a level. We recommend making a rope pattern for yourself. Stretch them at the desired distance from the wall and fix. Ropes will need to be installed at a distance of about 2-3 meters. Such simple fixtures will allow you to constantly monitor the position of all foam sheets along the height of the facade wall.

The difference in height of the planes of two adjacent plates cannot exceed two millimeters. If deviations are found, then after the glue has cooled, the protrusions must be carefully cut off with a very sharp knife and the transition made invisible. If you get wide joints between the ends of the plates - it's okay, they will then puff out mounting foam. The second and subsequent rows are recommended to start from internal corners and move to the outer ones, the inner ones are more difficult to adjust.

Step 8 To increase the fire resistance of buildings between each floor, it is necessary to make fire jumpers. This requirement of the new legislation is aimed at improving the safety and fire resistance of buildings. Fire cuts are made from pressed mineral wool of the same thickness as the foam boards. The width of the cuts is not less than twenty centimeters. Jumpers are installed around the entire perimeter of buildings and at window and door openings.

Step 9 Finishing window and door openings. Take the dimensions of the slopes, cut out the slabs along them. Do not rush, all joints should be as even as possible. It is better to use mineral wool as a heater, but the choice is yours. If finishing relatively massive, then take the foam. The insulation should cover the frame of the window and door, thereby reducing heat loss and getting better appearance facade wall.

Important. In the place where the window tide will be installed, the foam must be cut at an angle to ensure an unobstructed stack of water. One more thing. The seams of the slabs should not be a continuation of the slopes. In these places, you need to use whole slabs and make appropriate cutouts in them to fit the size of the window. This method eliminates the accidental ingress of water into the gap between the facade wall and the foam. The minimum allowable distance from the seam to the slopes is 15 cm.

On the part of the plate adjacent to window block, glue is not applied. In the future, the gap is foamed with construction foam.

Seal all the cracks with mounting foam, after it cools, carefully cut off the remnants. Fill the voids with foam to the full thickness of the plates; it is recommended to moisten the surfaces before foaming.

Step 10 After the final hardening of the adhesive, increase the fixation strength with special dowels with large heads. They need to be installed at the junction of corners and in the center of each sheet. We have already mentioned that no technology recommends mounting insulation boards without dowels, no most expensive adhesive gives such a reliable fixation as dowels. For each square meter plates must be at least four pieces.

This completes the insulation process, you can proceed to further finishing.

Insulation plastering

A very important process, not only the appearance of the facade wall, but also the durability of the entire finish depends on the quality of its execution. To increase the adhesion strength and protect the foam sheets from mechanical damage, it is necessary to use a plastic mesh, the mesh size is approximately 5 mm. Before starting work, check the surface of the wall with a long rule or rail.

First you need to trim the corners. Perforated metal profiles are used to strengthen the corners. Cut out strips of mesh about 30-40 cm wide. Apply glue to the corners of buildings of the same width, sink the reinforcing mesh into it, align it. Install in the corners metallic profile and again drown it in the solution. Level the surface. From above, the corners will be closed with a new mesh already during the finishing of the facade walls.

Step 1. With a smooth metal float or a wide spatula, apply a layer of mortar approximately 2-3 mm thick over the plates, level it immediately. There is no need to try very hard, the main thing is that it sticks well to the surface of the foam. Fiberglass mesh is easier to lay from top to bottom, the overlap must be done at least ten centimeters.

Important. Never apply the mesh to a dry wall, and then cover it with glue, only outright hacks do this. The fact is that this method of finishing significantly reduces the strength of gluing materials, in the future cracks will definitely appear on the plaster. pay attention to finished houses, many of them have this drawback - the consequences of the work of unscrupulous craftsmen.

Step 2 Carefully level the surface of the mesh, the fibers must be completely covered with glue. Check the plane of the wall with a long rail and smooth out any irregularities. To do this, carefully attach a flat rail to the wall and immediately take it away. The footprint will show areas that need alignment.

The surface must be as flat as possible.

Step 3 If the facade is planned to be painted, then a second layer of plaster should be applied, the thickness is within 2-3 mm. The main condition is the maximum alignment of the walls. The technology is the same, do not be discouraged if traces remain after the spatula, then they can be gently rubbed with an ordinary grater. If decorative plaster is chosen for finishing, then it can be applied over the first layer. The same applies to gluing thin facade panels.

If the basement is insulated, then here it is necessary to adhere to the recommended technologies to the maximum extent. The surface of the plinth must be plastered, before gluing the boards, impregnate several times with a waterproofing solution. The fact is that concrete absorbs a lot of moisture, it will fall on the glue. And the foam eliminates the possibility of evaporation, water accumulates under it, expands during freezing and the plates fall off, they will only be held on dowels. If the base is then lined with rather heavy finishing materials, then they deform the foam plates with their weight. At best, the surfaces will become uneven, at worst, you will have to remove materials and repeat the insulation of the house from the beginning.

In the absence of experience in performing such work, it is difficult to find out whether the foam is firmly glued. We recommend doing a test patch. Apply the mortar around the perimeter and in the center, place the sheet against the facade wall and align its position. Remove the styrofoam immediately and look for traces of glue on the wall. They should be uniform over the entire area, and the total area should be at least 40% of the sheet size. Such a simple test will make it possible in the future to focus on the amount and place of application of glue. In addition, you will feel with what force the foam sheet should be pressed against the facade wall.

Always start the installation of a row from the corner and from the whole slab. If a whole slab does not fit at the opposite corner, then it must be cut to size and used as the penultimate one, and the last one must be intact. IN last resort, the area of \u200b\u200bgluing the foam must be twice the area of \u200b\u200bthe part protruding around the corner of the house. Do not forget that the slab should protrude beyond the corner of the building by its thickness, in this place the insulation from the two walls should overlap. It is better to make a ledge with a margin, the excess will then be cut off. The solution must not get on the protruding part of the plate. The next rows of foam on the previous ones are installed in gearing. The tighter they fit, the more secure the mount. In the outer corners, the biggest load, and you can’t insure yourself with dowels, remember this and carefully perform all operations. The plates on the wall should be placed apart, it is forbidden to match the vertical seams on the wall.

Especially carefully check the position of the first row, it is he who sets the level for the entire wall. It is recommended to lay subsequent rows only after the adhesive has completely cured on the first and fixed with dowels.

Do not allow glue to get into the joints between the plates. Why? cement mixtures have high thermal conductivity and form cold bridges. They will become noticeable on the facade walls in the form of wet stripes. There are cases when such shortcomings cannot be hidden even decorative plaster. The stripes are not permanent, appearing or disappearing depending on climatic conditions.

The main task of the reinforcing mesh is to protect the foam from mechanical damage. Experienced Builders know that it is impossible to clean the foam from dried high-quality glue without damaging the surface. This means that the role of the grid in holding the plaster is minimal. If the mass falls off, then repairs still cannot be avoided, the plaster will sag on the grid. Hence the conclusion - reinforcement must be done in those sections of the facade wall that can be damaged by mechanical stress, as a rule, not higher than 1.5 m from the base. Anything above is up to you.

You can cut foam boards with a hacksaw. fine teeth. But it's not the best good option. A much smoother cut is obtained after cutting with heated nichrome wire. It can be bought in specialized stores, the length of the wire depends on the diameter. Pull the wire into convenient location and plug into an outlet. Uneven cut edges after a hacksaw can be polished with a special grater.

Video - Styrofoam cutting device

Extruded polystyrene foam has very low adhesion with adhesives. Before use, be sure to clean it on both sides with a grater until shallow furrows appear.

Video - Preparing polystyrene foam for gluing

Do not use this material as the main thermal insulation, it can only be used to finish the basement. And then only in those cases when the finishing of these surfaces is done with heavy materials.

Video - Wet facade installation technology

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD FOR THE INSTALLATION OF A VENTILATED FACADE WITH COMPOSITE PANELS

TK-23

Moscow 2006

The technological map was prepared in accordance with the requirements of the “Guidelines for the development of technological maps in construction”, prepared by the Central Research and Design and Experimental Institute for Organization, Mechanization and Technical Assistance to Construction (TsNIIOMTP), and based on the designs of ventilated facades of NP Stroy LLC.

The technological map was developed for the installation of a ventilated facade using the FS-300 structural system as an example. The technological map indicates the scope of its application, outlines the main provisions for the organization and technology of work during the installation of elements of a ventilated facade, provides requirements for the quality of work, safety, labor protection and fire prevention measures, determines the need for material and technical resources, calculates labor costs and Work schedule.

The technological map was developed by candidates tech. Sciences V. P. Volodin, YL. Korytov.

1 GENERAL

Hinged ventilated facades are designed for insulation and cladding with aluminum composite panels of external enclosing structures during the construction of new, reconstruction and overhaul existing buildings and structures.

The main elements of the FS-300 facade system are:

load-bearing frame;

Thermal insulation and wind and hydroprotection;

Cladding panels;

Framing the completion of the facade cladding.

A fragment and elements of the FS-300 facade system are shown in figures , - . Explication to the drawings is given below:

1 - carrier bracket - main load-bearing element a frame intended for fastening the supporting adjusting bracket;

2 - support bracket - additional element a frame designed for fixing the support adjusting bracket;

3 - load-bearing adjusting bracket - the main (together with the load-bearing bracket) load-bearing element of the frame, designed for a "fixed" installation of a vertical guide (bearing profile);

4 - support adjusting bracket - an additional (together with the support bracket) frame element designed for movable installation of a vertical guide (bearing profile);

5 - vertical guide - a long profile designed for fastening the cladding panel to the frame;

6 - sliding bracket - fastening element designed to fix the facing panel;

7 - exhaust rivet - fastener, intended for fastening the carrier profile to the carrier adjusting brackets;

8 - set screw - a fastener designed to fix the position of the sliding brackets;

9 - locking screw - a fastener designed for additional fixation of the upper sliding brackets of the panels to the vertical guide profiles in order to avoid shifting of the facing panels in the vertical plane;

Rice. 1.Fragment of the facade of the system FS-300

10 - locking bolt (complete with a nut and two washers) - a fastener designed to install the main and additional frame elements in the design position;

11 - heat-insulating gasket of the carrier bracket, designed for leveling working surface and elimination of "cold bridges";

12 - thermally insulating gasket of the support bracket, designed to level the working surface and eliminate "cold bridges";

13 - cladding panels - aluminum composite panels assembled with fasteners. They are installed with the help of sliding brackets (6) in the "spacer" and are additionally fixed from the horizontal shift with blind rivets (14) to the vertical guides (5).

Typical dimensions of sheets for the manufacture of cladding panels are 1250×4000 mm, 1500×4050 mm (ALuComp) and 1250×3200 mm (ALUCOBOND). In accordance with the requirements of the customer, it is possible to vary the length and width of the panel, as well as the color of the coating of the front layer;

15 - thermal insulation from mineral wool boards for facade insulation;

16 - wind and hydroprotective material - a vapor-permeable membrane that protects the thermal insulation from moisture and possible weathering of the insulation fibers;

17 - plate dowel for fastening thermal insulation and membrane to the wall of a building or structure.

Facade cladding frames are structural elements designed to decorate a parapet, plinth, window, stained glass and door junctions, etc. These include: perforated profiles for free air access from below (in the basement) and from above, window and door frames, bent brackets, flashings, corner plates, etc.

2 SCOPE OF TECHNOLOGICAL SHEET

2.1 A typical flow sheet has been developed for the installation of the FS-300 hinged ventilated facade system for cladding the walls of buildings and structures with aluminum composite panels.

2.2 For the scope of work performed, the facing of the facade of a public building with a height of 30 m and a width of 20 m was taken.

2.3 The scope of work considered by the technological map includes: installation and dismantling of facade lifts, installation of a ventilated facade system.

2.4 Work is performed in two shifts. 2 units of installers work per shift, each on its own vertical grip, 2 people in each unit. Two facade lifts are used.

2.5 When developing a typical technological map accepted:

walls of the building - reinforced concrete monolithic, flat;

the facade of the building has 35 window openings with the dimensions of each - 1500 × 1500 mm;

panel size: П1-1000×900 mm; П2-1000×700 mm; П3-1000×750 mm; П4-500×750 mm; U1 (corner) - H-1000 mm, V - 350 × 350 × 200 mm;

thermal insulation - mineral wool boards on a synthetic binder 120 mm thick;

air gap between the thermal insulation and the inner wall of the front panel - 40 mm.

When developing a PPR, this typical technological map is tied to the specific conditions of the object with clarification: specifications of the elements of the supporting frame, cladding panels and framing of the facade cladding; thermal insulation thickness; the size of the gap between the heat-insulating layer and the cladding; scope of work; calculation of labor costs; volume of material and technical resources; work schedule.

3 ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

PREPARATORY WORK

3.1 Before the start installation work for the installation of a ventilated facade of the FS-300 system, the following preparatory work:

Rice. 2. Scheme of organization of the construction site

1 - fencing of the construction site; 2 - workshop; 3 - material and technical warehouse; 4 - working area; 5 - the boundary of the zone dangerous for finding people during the operation of facade lifts; 6 - open storage area building structures and materials; 7 - lighting mast; 8 - facade lift

Inventory mobile buildings are installed at the construction site: an unheated material and technical warehouse for storing elements of a ventilated facade (composite sheets or panels ready for installation, insulation, a vapor-permeable film, structural elements of a supporting frame) and a workshop for manufacturing cladding panels and framing the completion of facade cladding in construction conditions;

They inspect and assess the technical condition of facade lifts, mechanization tools, tools, their completeness and readiness for work;

In accordance with the project for the production of works, facade lifts are installed on the building and put into operation in accordance with the Operation Manual (3851B.00.00.000 RE);

On the wall of the building mark the location of the beacon anchor points for the installation of load-bearing and support brackets.

3.2 Facing composite material is delivered to the construction site, as a rule, in the form of sheets cut to the design dimensions. In this case, in the workshop on the construction site, with the help of hand tools, blind rivets and cassette assembly elements, facing panels are formed with fasteners.

3.3 It is necessary to store sheets of composite material at the construction site on beams up to 10 cm thick laid on a flat place, in 0.5 m increments. The height of the stack of sheets should not exceed 1 m.

Lifting operations with packed sheets of composite material should be carried out using textile tape slings (TU 3150-010-16979227) or other slings that prevent injury to the sheets.

Do not store the cladding composite material together with aggressive chemicals.

3.4 In the event that a facing composite material arrives at the construction site in the form of finished facing panels with fastening, they are placed in a pack in pairs, with their front surfaces facing each other so that adjacent pairs are in contact with their rear sides. Packs are placed on wooden linings, with a slight slope from the vertical. The panels are laid in two rows in height.

3.5 The marking of the installation points of the bearing and supporting brackets on the wall of the building is carried out in accordance with the technical documentation for the project for the installation of a ventilated facade.

On initial stage beacon lines for marking the facade are determined - the lower horizontal line of the installation points of the brackets and the two extreme vertical lines along the facade of the building.

The extreme points of the horizontal line are determined using a level and mark them with indelible paint. At the two extreme points, using a laser level and a tape measure, all intermediate points for installing the brackets are determined and marked with paint.

With the help of plumb lines lowered from the parapet of the building, vertical lines are determined at the extreme points of the horizontal line.

Using facade lifts, mark with indelible paint the installation points of the bearing and support brackets on the extreme vertical lines.

MAIN WORKS

3.6 When organizing the production of installation work, the area of \u200b\u200bthe facade of the building is divided into vertical grips, within which work is performed by different parts of the installers from the first or second facade lifts (Fig.). The width of the vertical grip is equal to the length of the working deck of the facade lift cradle (4 m), and the length of the vertical grip is working height building. The first and second units of installers working on the 1st facade lift, alternating in shifts, carry out sequential installation work on the 1st, 3rd and 5th vertical grips. The third and fourth units of installers working on the 2nd facade lift, alternating in shifts, carry out sequential installation work on the 2nd and 4th vertical grips. The direction of work is from the basement of the building up to the parapet.

3.7 For the installation of a ventilated facade by one link of workers from two installers, a replaceable grip equal to 4 m 2 of the facade is determined.

3.8 Installation of a ventilated facade starts from the basement of the building on the 1st and 2nd vertical grips simultaneously. Within the vertical grip, installation is carried out in the following technological sequence:

Rice. 3. Scheme of splitting the facade into vertical grips

Legend:

Direction of work

Vertical clamps for the 1st and 2nd units of installers working on the first facade lift

Vertical clamps for the 3rd and 4th sections of installers working on the second facade lift

Part of the building on which the installation of the ventilated facade is completed

Cladding panels:

P1 - 1000 × 900 mm;

P2 - 1000 × 700 mm;

P3 - 1000 × 750 mm;

P4 - 500 × 750 mm;

U1 (corner): H=1000 mm, H=350×350×200 mm

Marking the points of installation of bearing and support brackets on the wall of the building;

Fastening sliding brackets to guide profiles;

Installation of ventilated facade cladding elements to the outer corner of the building.

3.9 Installation of the frame of the facade cladding of the plinth is carried out without using a facade lift from the ground (with a plinth height of up to 1 m). The parapet tide is mounted from the roof of the building at the final stage of each vertical grip.

3.10 The installation points of the bearing and support brackets on the vertical grip are marked using beacon points marked on the extreme horizontal and vertical lines (see), using a tape measure, a level and a dyeing cord.

When marking the anchoring points for the installation of bearing and supporting brackets for the subsequent vertical grip, beacons serve as the attachment points for the bearing and supporting brackets of the previous vertical grip.

3.11 For fastening to the wall of the bearing and supporting brackets, holes are drilled at the marked points, with a diameter and depth corresponding to anchor dowels that have been tested for strength for this type of wall fencing.

If a hole is drilled in the wrong place by mistake and it is required to drill a new one, then the latter must be at least one depth away from the wrong one. drilled hole. If this condition cannot be met, the method of fastening the brackets shown in Fig. 4.

Holes are cleaned from drilling waste (dust) with compressed air.

Rice. 4. Mounting unit for supporting (supporting) brackets if it is impossible to attach them to the wall at the design drilling points

The dowel is inserted into the prepared hole and knocked out with a mounting hammer.

Thermal insulation pads are placed under the brackets to level the working surface and eliminate "cold bridges".

The brackets are fastened to the wall with screws using an electric drill with adjustable speed and appropriate screwing nozzles.

3.12 The device for thermal insulation and wind protection consists of the following operations:

Hanging on the wall through the slots for the brackets of the insulation boards;

Hanging on the heat-insulating plates of the panels of the wind-hydroprotective membrane with an overlap of 100 mm and their temporary fixing;

Drilling through the insulation and the wind and hydroprotective membrane of holes in the wall for dish-shaped dowels in full according to the project and installing the dowels.

The distance from the dowels to the edges of the heat-insulating plate must be at least 50 mm.

The installation of heat-insulating plates starts from the bottom row, which are installed on the starting perforated profile or plinth and mounted from the bottom up.

The plates are hung in a checkerboard pattern horizontally next to each other in such a way that there are no through gaps between the plates. Permissible size of an unfilled seam - 2 mm.

Additional heat-insulating plates must be securely fixed to the wall surface.

To install additional heat-insulating boards, they must be cut with hand tool. Breaking the insulation boards is prohibited.

During installation, transportation and storage, thermal insulation boards must be protected from moisture, contamination and mechanical damage.

Before starting the installation of heat-insulating plates, the removable grip on which the work will be carried out must be protected from atmospheric moisture.

3.13 Adjusting carrier and support brackets are attached to the carrier and support brackets, respectively. The position of these brackets is adjusted in such a way as to ensure the vertical alignment of the deviation of the wall irregularities. The brackets are fixed with bolts with special stainless steel washers.

3.14 Fastening to the adjusting brackets of the vertical guide profiles is carried out in the following sequence. The profiles are installed in the grooves of the regulating bearing and support brackets. Then the profiles are fixed with rivets to the bearing brackets. In the supporting adjusting brackets, the profile is installed freely, which ensures its free vertical movement to compensate for temperature deformations.

In the vertical joints of two successive profiles, to compensate for thermal deformations, it is recommended to maintain a gap of 8 to 10 mm.

3.15 When connecting to the plinth, the perforated flashing is fastened with a corner to the vertical guide profiles using blind rivets (Fig. ).

3.16 Installation of cladding panels starts from the bottom row and leads from the bottom up (Fig. ).

Sliding brackets (9) are installed on the vertical guide profiles (4). The upper sliding bracket is set to the design position (fixed with the set screw 10), and the lower one - to the intermediate one (9). The panel is put on the upper sliding brackets and by moving the lower sliding brackets it is installed “into the spacer”. The upper sliding brackets of the panel are additionally fixed with self-tapping screws from vertical shift. From the horizontal shift, the panels are also additionally attached to the supporting profile with rivets (11).

3.17 When installing cladding panels at the junction of vertical guides (bearing profiles) (Fig. ), two conditions must be observed: the top cladding panel must close the gap between the bearing profiles; the design value of the gap between the lower and upper facing panels must be exactly maintained. To fulfill the second condition, it is recommended to use a template made of a wooden square bar. The length of the bar is equal to the width of the cladding panel, and the edges are equal to the design value of the gap between the lower and upper cladding panels.

Rice. 5. Junction to the plinth

Rice. 6. Installing the cladding panel

Rice. 7. Installation of cladding panels at the junction of load-bearing profiles

Rice. 8. Mounting unit for cladding panels on the outer corner of the building

3.18 The connection of the ventilated facade to the outer corner of the building is carried out using a corner facing panel (Fig. 8).

Corner cladding panels are manufactured by the supplier-manufacturer or at the construction site with the dimensions specified in the façade design.

The corner cladding panel is attached to the supporting frame by the above methods, and to the side wall of the building - using the corners shown in Fig. 8. A prerequisite is the installation of anchor dowels for fixing the corner cladding panel at a distance of at least 100 mm from the corner of the building.

3.19 Within the interchangeable grip, the installation of a ventilated facade that does not have junctions and window frames is carried out in the following technological sequence:

Marking of anchoring points for the installation of load-bearing and support brackets on the wall of the building;

Drilling holes for installing anchor dowels;

Fastening to the wall of bearing and supporting brackets using anchor dowels;

Thermal insulation and wind protection device;

Fastening to the bearing and supporting brackets of the adjusting brackets with the help of locking bolts;

Fastening to the adjusting brackets of the guide profiles;

Installation work is carried out in accordance with the requirements specified in paragraphs. - and pp. and this technological map.

3.20 Within the interchangeable grip, the installation of a ventilated facade with a window frame is carried out in the following technological sequence:

Marking of anchor points for the installation of load-bearing and support brackets, as well as anchor points for fixing window frame elements on the wall of the building;

Fastening to the wall of the elements of the substructure of the window frame ();

Fastening to the wall of load-bearing and supporting brackets;

Thermal insulation and wind protection device;

Fastening to the bearing and support brackets of the adjusting brackets;

Fastening to the adjusting brackets of the guide profiles;

Fastening the window frame to the guide profiles with additional fastening to the frame profile (Fig. , , );

Installation of facing panels.

3.21 Within the interchangeable grip, the installation of a ventilated facade adjoining the parapet is carried out in the following technological sequence:

Marking of anchoring points for installation of load-bearing and supporting brackets to the wall of the building, as well as anchoring points for attaching the parapet flashing to the parapet;

Drilling holes for installing anchor dowels;

Fastening to the wall of bearing and supporting brackets using anchor dowels;

Thermal insulation and wind protection device;

Fastening to the bearing and supporting brackets of the adjusting brackets with the help of locking bolts;

Fastening to the adjusting brackets of the guide profiles;

Installation of facing panels;

Fastening the parapet tide to the parapet and to the guide profiles ().

3.22 During breaks in work on a replaceable grip, the insulated part of the facade that is not protected from atmospheric precipitation is covered with a protective polyethylene film or in another way to prevent the insulation from getting wet.

4 REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS

4.1 The quality of the ventilated facade is ensured by current control technological processes preparatory and installation work, as well as the acceptance of work. According to the results current control technological processes, acts of examination of hidden works are drawn up.

4.2 In the process of preparing the installation work, check:

Readiness of the working surface of the facade of the building, structural elements of the facade, means of mechanization and tools for installation work;

Material: galvanized steel (sheet 5 > 0.55 mm) according to GOST 14918-80

Rice. 9. General form window frame

Rice. 10. Adjacent to the window opening (lower)

horizontal section

Rice. 11. Adjacency to the window opening (side)

* Depending on the density of the building envelope material.

Rice. 12. Adjacency to the window opening (upper)

vertical section

Rice. 13. Node junction to the parapet

The quality of the supporting frame elements (dimensions, absence of dents, bends and other defects of brackets, profiles and other elements);

The quality of the insulation (dimensions of the plates, the absence of gaps, dents and other defects);

The quality of the cladding panels (dimensions, absence of scratches, dents, bends, breaks and other defects).

4.3 In the process of installation work, they check for compliance with the project:

Facade marking accuracy;

Diameter, depth and cleanliness of holes for dowels;

Accuracy and strength of fastening of bearing and support brackets;

Correctness and strength of fastening to the wall of insulation boards;

The position of the adjusting brackets that compensate for the unevenness of the wall;

The accuracy of the installation of the supporting profiles and, in particular, the gaps at the points of their joining;

The flatness of the facade panels and the air gaps between them and the insulation boards;

The correctness of the arrangement of frames for the completion of the ventilated facade.

4.4 When accepting work, the ventilated facade is inspected as a whole and especially carefully the frames of the corners, windows, the basement and the parapet of the building. Defects found during the inspection are eliminated before the facility is put into operation.

4.5 Acceptance of the assembled façade is documented by an act with an assessment of the quality of work. The quality is assessed by the degree of conformity of the parameters and characteristics of the mounted facade specified in the technical documentation for the project. Attached to this act are certificates of examination of hidden works (according to).

4.6 Controlled parameters, methods for their measurement and evaluation are given in Table. 1.

Table 1

Controlled parameters

Technological processes and operations	Parameters, characteristics	Tolerance of parameter values	Method of control and tool	Control time
Facade marking	Marking Accuracy	0.3 mm per 1 m	laser level and level	In the process of marking
Drilling holes for dowels	Depth h, diameter D	Depth h more than the length of the dowel by 10 mm; D+ 0.2 mm	Depth gauge, inside gauge	During drilling
Mounting brackets	Accuracy, strength	According to the project	Level, level	In the process of fastening
Insulation wall mount	Strength, correctness, humidity no more than 10%		moisture meter	During and after fixing
Fixing the adjusting brackets	Compensating for uneven walls		Visually
Fastening guide profiles	Gaps at joints	According to the project (at least 10 mm)		In progress
Fastening of facing panels	Deviation of the facade surface plane from the vertical	1/500 of the height of the ventilated facade, but not more than 100 mm	Measuring, every 30 m along the width of the facade, but at least three measurements per received volume	During and after installation of the facade

5 MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

5.1 The need for basic materials and products is given in table 2.

table 2

Name	Unit	The need for 600 m 2 of the facade (including the total area of windows 78.75 m 2)
Installation of the supporting frame:
carrier bracket
support bracket
load-bearing adjustment bracket
support adjusting bracket
vertical guide
sliding bracket
blind rivet 5×12 mm (stainless steel)
set screw
locking bolt M8 complete with washer and nut
locking screw
window mount bracket
Thermal insulation and wind protection device:
insulation
dowel dowel
windproof film
Installation of facing panels
cladding panel:
П1 - 1000×900 mm
П2 - 1000×700 mm
П3 - 1000×750 mm
П4 - 500×750 mm
U1 - outer corner, H - 1000 mm, IN- 350×350×200 mm
perforated profile (plinth)
framing adjunctions to the window opening:
lower (L - 1500 mm)
side (L = 1500 mm)
top (L = 1500 mm) pcs.
top cladding panel (parapet assembly)

5.2 The need for mechanisms, equipment, tools, inventory and fixtures is given in table 3.

Table 3

Name	Type, brand, GOST, drawing No., manufacturer	Specification	Purpose	Quantity per link
Facade lift (cradle)	PF3851B, CJSC "Tver Experimental Mechanical Plant"	Working platform length 4 m, load capacity 300 kg, lifting height up to 150 m	Production of installation work at height
Plumb, cord		Length 20 m, weight 0.35 kg	Measurement of linear dimensions
Lever-end screwdriver no one	Profi screwdriver INFOTEKS LLC	Reversible lever
Manual impact wrench		The tightening torque is determined by race couple	Screwing/unscrewing nuts, screws, bolts
Electric drill with bits for screwing	Interskol DU-800-ER	Power consumption 800 W, maximum drilling diameter in concrete 20 mm, weight 2.5 kg	Drilling holes and screwing screws
Hand riveting tools	Riveting tongs "ENKOR"		Rivet installation
Battery riveting gun	Battery riveter ERT 130 "RIVETEC"	Rivet force 8200 N, stroke 20 mm, weight with battery 2.2 kg	Installation of blind rivets
Scissors for cutting metal (right, left)	Scissors manual electric VERN-0,52-2,5; metal shears "Master"	Power 520W, cutting thickness aluminum sheet up to 2.5 mm; right, left, size 240 mm	Cutting of cladding panels
			Dowel driving
Protective gloves for laying thermal insulation		split	Work safety
Fences for inventory areas of work	GOST 2340-78			Location in fact
Safety belt
Construction helmet	GOST 124.087-84	Weight 0.2 kg		8.6 Workplaces, if necessary, must have temporary fences in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.4.059-89 “SSBT. Construction. Protections are protective inventory. General technical conditions". 8.7 The construction site, work sites, workplaces, driveways and approaches to them at night must be illuminated in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.046-85 “SSBT. Construction. Lighting standards for construction sites. Illumination should be uniform, without blinding effect of lighting devices on workers. 8.8 When installing a ventilated facade using a facade lift, the following requirements must be met: The area around the projection of the lift on the ground must be fenced. Residence outsiders in this area during operation, installation and dismantling of the lift is prohibited; When installing the consoles, it is necessary to fix a poster with the inscription “Attention! Consoles are being installed"; Before attaching the ropes to the consoles, it is necessary to check the reliability of the ropes on the thimble; The fastening of the ropes to the consoles must be checked after each movement of the console; Ballast consisting of counterweights, after being installed on the console, must be securely fastened. Spontaneous dropping of ballast must be excluded; When carrying out work on the lift, posters “Do not remove the ballast” and “Dangerous for the life of workers” must be fixed on the consoles; The lifting and safety ropes must be securely tensioned with weights. When the lift is in operation, the weights must not touch the ground; Weights and ballast elements (counterweights) must be marked with their actual weight. The use of bulk weights and counterweights is prohibited; Work on the lift must be carried out only in helmets; The entrance to the cradle of the lift and the exit from it must be carried out only from the ground; When working in the cradle of the lift, the worker must use the safety belt with its fastening to the cradle handrails. 8.9 During the operation of the lift, it is prohibited: Perform work on the lift at a wind speed of more than 8.3 m/s, during snowfall, rain or fog, as well as at night (in the absence of the necessary lighting); Use a faulty lift; Overload the lift; More than two people on the lift; Carry out welding work from the lift cradle; Work without covers of winches and catchers. 8.10 Design development of issues related to ensuring the safety of work considered in this map is not required.

The building has a plan size of 25.2 × 37.2. The height of the insulated walls is 6m. There are 28 windows on the facade. 1.2 x 2.4 and 2 doors size 2.2 x 1.8

1 GENERAL PART. SCOPE OF TECHNOLOGICAL SHEET

Expanded polystyrene blocks are used to insulate external enclosing structures during the construction of new ones, reconstruction and overhaul of existing buildings and structures, followed by plastering work using the “wet facade” technology.

live. The main elements of insulation are:

The map provides for the insulation of the facade with polystyrene blocks during the construction of new and reconstruction of existing buildings and structures.

2 ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

The scope of work considered by the technological map includes: installation and dismantling of scaffolding, installation of the PSB.

Table. Work Counting Sheet

Works are performed in 1 shift. 5 units of installers work per shift, each on its own vertical grip, 2 people in each unit.

		Labor costing
NN	Rationale	Name of works	Unit.	Scope of work	N. vr per unit	Even composition	N time for the entire volume
Prof.	res.	Col
	GESN 09-O4-10-3	Arrangement and dismantling of scaffolding	m2		0,4	fitter
	GESN 26-01-041 01	Installation and fixing of insulation	1m 3		18,7	fitter		1234,2
		Fixing horizon elements	100 pieces.	2,10	36,34	fitter

GESN 26-01-041 01. Insulation of cold surfaces with foam products

Meter: 1 m3 insulation

Scope of work in the norm:

01. Preparation of the insulated surface. 02. Sawing boards. 03. Installation of frame rails with fastening. 04. Solution preparation. 05. Coating the surface to be insulated with glue. 06. Styling thermal insulation materials with fit and fastening.

Psb installation

1234/8=154 person/day

154/5*2=15.4 working days

Before starting installation work, the following preparatory work must be carried out:

According to the requirements of SNiP 12-03-2001, the working area (as well as approaches to it and nearby territories) is exempt from building structures, materials, mechanisms and construction debris - from the building wall to the border of the zone dangerous for people to find when operating facade lifts;

It is necessary to store sheets of composite material at the construction site on beams up to 10 cm thick laid on level ground, with a step of 0.5 m. If the installation of a ventilated facade is planned for a period of more than 1 month, the sheets should be shifted with slats. The height of the stack of sheets should not exceed 1 m.

The marking of the installation points of the bearing and supporting brackets on the wall of the building is carried out in accordance with the technical documentation for the project for the installation of a ventilated facade.

MAIN WORKS

When organizing the production of installation work, the area of \u200b\u200bthe facade of the building is divided into vertical grips, within which work is performed by different parts of the installers from the first or second facade lifts (Fig. The width of the vertical grip is equal to the length of the working platform of the facade lift cradle (5 m), and the length of the vertical grip is equal to the working height of the building.

The direction of work is from the basement of the building up to the parapet.

Installation of a ventilated facade starts from the basement of the building on the 1st and 2nd vertical grips at the same time. Within the vertical grip, installation is carried out in the following technological sequence:

Direction of work

Within the vertical grip, installation is carried out in the following technological sequence:

1. Fixing the base profile;

2. Applying an adhesive solution to the surface of the insulation;

3. Bonding insulation to the wall surface;

4. Fastening the insulation to the wall with plastic dowels;

5. Leveling the surface of glued boards;

The lower part of the insulation layer is protected from mechanical damage by means of a plinth profile (see Fig.). These profiles, in addition to protective functions, hold the first row of insulating plates, and a dripper profiled on the lower part of the profile eliminates water leaks along the basement wall from rain, which may appear after rain. Plinth profiles are suitable in size for different thicknesses of thermal insulation. The insulation must fit exactly into the basement profile without gaps.

Rice. Fixing to the wall of the plinth profile

Insulation mount

To fix the insulation boards to the surface, a cement-based adhesive mixture is used for indoor and outdoor use. Mixture consumption - 2.2-2.9 kg / m2.

Gluing insulation produce at a temperature not lower than +50C and no rain. Insulation plates are glued to the base with an adhesive mixture. The adhesive solution is prepared on the construction site manually using an electric mixer:

To the measured amount of water (5-5.5 liters), you need to slowly pour out the contents of the bag (25 kg) and mix thoroughly with a drill with a stirrer at low speed. After obtaining a homogeneous consistency, set aside for 10 minutes, and then stir again. The solution prepared in this way retains its properties for 4 hours. The mixture is stirred until a homogeneous mass free of lumps. Then, it is re-mixed after 5 minutes.

Apply the adhesive mass to the edges of the insulation board in strips 3-4 cm wide at a distance of about 3 cm from the edge so that during gluing the mass is not squeezed out beyond the edges of the expanded polystyrene. In the central part of the insulation board, apply about 6-8 cakes, 3-4 cm thick. The amount of mortar should be selected so that at least 50% of the board surface is in contact with the substrate through the adhesive.

After applying the adhesive solution, immediately attach the slab to the wall in the designated place, fixing it with blows with a long wooden trowel. At the same time, control the position of the plate both in the vertical and horizontal planes using a level. If the adhesive is squeezed out of the contour of the plate, it should be removed. Do not press the insulation boards again or move them after a few minutes. If the slab is not glued correctly, tear it off, remove the adhesive solution from the wall, and then re-apply the adhesive mass to the slab and press the slab to the wall surface. Lay the slabs in a horizontal pattern, maintaining the staggered order of the seams, and at the corners "overlapped" The width of the vertical and horizontal slots should not exceed 2 mm. If there is a wider gap, it cannot be filled with an adhesive solution. A narrow strip of insulation should be inserted into such a gap and pressed in without using an adhesive solution. Before insulating the openings, it is necessary to glue strips of reinforced mesh in them of such a width that they can later be turned out with a margin of 15 cm for polystyrene foam and on the wall. Attach the mesh to the walls with an adhesive solution. The vertical position of the styrofoam board is controlled by a leveling bar

For warming window and door slopes insulation boards with a thickness of at least 3 cm should be used. Bring the insulation through the slopes up to the frames (boxes). Glue insulation boards (min. 3 cm thick) to the surface of the upper and vertical slopes, cutting them so that the boards glued to the wall plane exactly adjoin the boards insulating the slopes. After applying the polystyrene foam to the base, you need to carefully press it with a grater. Laying the adhesive on a notched trowel guarantees a clean joint between the boards. Cut the expanded polystyrene board to a width 5 mm less than the width of the slope, or before gluing, cut out a wedge 8-10 mm wide from the board and fill the gap formed between the expanded polystyrene and silicone mastic with silicone mastic. window frame. After laying the insulation boards, but before applying the main reinforcing layer, reinforce the corners of the openings by gluing pieces of reinforcing mesh 20x35 in size, the rectangles of which are sunk into the adhesive solution with a smooth float. It is impossible not to perform this operation, as cracks may form, expanding from the corner.

The corners of window and door openings must be sanded with a grater and sandpaper. This will give you even sharp corners. If there are gaps between the glued insulation boards, fill them with fitted strips of insulation. In the case of small gaps into which it is difficult to insert the insulation, it is recommended to widen them and insert the insulation with force without an adhesive solution. Do not fill gaps with glue.

Alignment of the surface of the insulation boards

Any surface irregularities of the glued insulation boards should be sanded with abrasive paper fixed to a hard trowel. This operation can be carried out after the adhesive that holds the insulation has hardened (min. 48 hours after gluing the board). This is a very important operation, as thin layers of finish will not be able to hide even small irregularities.

Fastening insulation boards with dowels

After 48 - 60 hours after gluing the boards, the mechanical fastening of the boards to the base should be started using special plate-type dowels.

The number and placement of dowels depends primarily on the following factors:

material of the insulated wall;

The type of thermal insulation structure (primarily on its weight, together with adhesive composition, reinforcing mesh, leveling and decorative layers);

The height of the insulated building;

For walls made of solid brick, stone - 50 mm;

For walls made of hollow bricks, lightweight and porous concrete - 80-90 mm.

The depth of the hole for the driven part of the dowel should be 10 - 15 mm more than the established anchoring depth of the dowel

After fixing the dowels, you need to drive in spacer tips into them.

If the tip is difficult to hammer in to the end, you need to pull out the dowel, deepen the hole and hammer the tip again. It is not allowed to cut off incompletely driven spacers.

With properly fastened plastic dowels, their heads should be in the same plane with the polystyrene foam. This can be checked by applying a long rail to the wall. The protruding dowel heads above the surface of the Styrofoam will be visible after final finishing walls.

4 REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS

The quality of the facade insulation is ensured by the current control of the technological processes of preparatory and installation work, as well as during the acceptance of work. According to the results of the current control of technological processes, certificates of examination of hidden works are drawn up.

In preparation installation work check:

Readiness of the working surface of the facade of the building, structural elements of the facade, means of mechanization and tools for installation work;

The quality of the supporting frame elements (dimensions, absence of dents, bends and other defects of brackets, profiles and other elements);

The quality of the insulation (the dimensions of the plates, the absence of gaps, dents and other defects).

In the process of installation work check for compliance with the project:

Facade marking accuracy;

Diameter, depth and cleanliness of holes for dowels;

Accuracy and strength of fastening of bearing and support brackets;

Correctness and strength of fastening to the wall of insulation boards;

The position of the adjusting brackets that compensate for the unevenness of the wall;

The accuracy of the installation of load-bearing profiles and, in particular, the gaps at the points of their joining.

5 MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

Need for materials

Ground 132 kg

PSB-S 25 1000*1000*100 66 m3

Dowel for fastening thermal insulation 10 * 160 with a metal nail 330pcs

Glue bag 25 kg (per 10 m2) 66 bags

Grid plaster 50 m2

Base plate 125 m

Profile for corners 100 pm

Dowel-nails 1000 pcs

Machines, fixtures, inventory

6 TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

7 WORK SCHEDULE

8 SAFETY, HEALTH AND FIRE FIGHTING

1. The work must be carried out by specially trained workers under the guidance and control of engineering and technical workers.

2. Devices designed to ensure the safety of workers and the convenience of work (cradles, scaffolding) must meet the requirements of GOST 28347-89 fog, in the absence of the necessary lighting.

3. Works on installation, storage, loading and unloading of long metal structures(facing panels) should be done with gloves. High-altitude work with slinging and helmets.

4. Means of small-scale mechanization with voltage over 42 V must be grounded

5. It is prohibited to perform cladding and insulation works using combustible materials simultaneously with welding and other works using open fire.

6. If a fire or signs of burning are detected, inform the fire department, take all possible measures.

7. In each shift, constant technical supervision must be provided by foremen, foremen, foremen and other persons responsible for the safe conduct of work.

Technological map for the Penoplex insulation device

Scope of the technological map for penoplex

The technical map was developed for a roof with a slope of less than 10% in relation to the workshop of a one-story industrial building, the overall scheme of which is 72x24 m.

The composition of the work under consideration includes the laying of insulation boards on bitumen.

Organization and technology of the construction process

Before starting work on the thermal insulation device, the work on laying the profiled sheet must be completed.

For the device of thermal insulation, extruded polystyrene foam material "Penoplex" is used, laid on bitumen BN-90/10 GOST 6617-76. Plates Penoplex are certified in the systems of GOST R of the State Standard of Russia and Mosstroycertification and are approved for use as a heat and sound insulating material by the Sanitary and Epidemiological Conclusion of the Center for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision.

Plates "Penoplex" are delivered to the site to the mast lift. The supply of insulation boards to the roof is carried out by a mast cargo lift C-598A. The plates are transferred to the workplace manually.

Hot bitumen is prepared centrally and delivered to the construction site in asphalt distributors. The supply of bitumen to the coating is carried out by the SO-100A machine. The SO-100A machine is mounted on a trailer. The bitumen from the asphalt distributor is pumped into the SO-100A machine and fed through the pipeline to the coating. The pipeline on the vertical section is attached to the wall of the building with brackets with clamps, and on the inventory racks with a reverse slope of 0.01%.

Bitumen is delivered to the place of work in tanks filled to 3/4 of the volume, on a pneumatic wheeled trolley. The tank is filled from the dispensing points of the bitumen pipeline.

Slab heat-insulating foam boards are laid on the coating on bitumen with a snug fit to the vapor barrier layer.

Before starting work, the roofer checks the dryness of the base and installs beacons that allow the slabs to be laid in an even layer. For the production of works, the coating in the plan is divided into grips (9x12).

All work on the installation of Penoplex plates is carried out to meet the supply of materials. Before laying the slabs, hot bitumen (160-190) is applied to the surface of the coating in strips 100-120 mm wide every 150-200 mm. Bitumen is poured into buckets and leveled over the surface with brushes.

Thermal insulation boards must be laid from the top marks to the bottom, with the long side across the roof slope.

The joints of the slabs have a stepped shape, which provides a tight lock and allows you to lay the slabs with an overlap.

Grease the ends of the plates located at the edges of the coating with bitumen.

When storing and transporting heat-insulating boards, measures must be taken: the boards can be stored on outdoors in the original packaging, but they must be protected from prolonged exposure sunlight to prevent the destruction of the upper layer of the plates.

After performing thermal insulation during the day, it is necessary to cover the plates with geotextile material, which will protect the plates from ultraviolet sun rays with subsequent coating of gravel 5 cm thick on it.

The device of thermal insulation in winter in accordance with SNiP III-20-74 * is allowed at an outdoor temperature of at least -20 ° C.

It is forbidden to lay the slabs on surfaces that have not been cleared of frost, snow and ice.

To protect the bases from damage when moving people, a wooden flooring is arranged on the surface.

Calculation Nº1: the number of lifts of insulation boards "Penoplex" mast lift:

The size of the Penoplex plates is 2250x1500x30 mm;

Consumption of plates "Penoplex" - (72x24) / (2.25x1.5) = 512 pcs;

The lift lifts 29 plates;

Number of lifts 512/29=18.

Calculation Nº2: Norm of time for bitumen supply using the SO-100A machine:

Meter - 1 m³ of bitumen;

The amount of bitumen per coating is 2 tons or 1.82 m³;

Machine productivity - 6 m³;