A toilet in a country house is an integral part of comfort and a full-fledged existence. When purchasing a completely clean plot of land, the first thing we install is this structure. This is not only natural, but even necessary. The construction of this building does not require any special projects. Anyone who is even a little familiar with carpentry tools can build country toilet with your own hands. Let's look at this process in detail step by step. Now there are many modern alternatives to a stationary structure, we will also talk about some of them below.
At the dacha you can do without many convenient, important structures: a shed, a swimming pool, a cellar, a barbecue oven, but you can’t do without a toilet.
When starting work, you need to consider many factors. The most important thing is sanitary and hygienic standards. Your toilet should not create inconvenience for your neighbors, so the location of the building, proper arrangement of the cesspool, and ventilation should be worked out during the design process.
Country toilet, photo:
The equipment of the cesspool and the method of cleaning it are also important nuance, which directly depends on the location of groundwater. If the groundwater is located high, then you will have to look for alternative options, since you cannot make a hole. If the groundwater flow is low, the pit must be extremely airtight.
Country toilet - design options
The simplest and most common option is a wooden restroom. Even a beginner can build it; it will be inexpensive in terms of the cost of building materials. If desired, this design can be easily moved. To cover the frame, boards, linings, chipboard sheets, if you have some imagination, sometimes you get some pretty nice options. The simplest, cheapest option is a closet made of planks.
Design, photo:
More solid structure metal sheets erected in two ways.
The first option - the same wooden frame is sheathed with sheets, in the second - the base of the frame is made of metal pipes, to which sheets of iron or slate are subsequently attached. Shaded part of the area - the best place for such a toilet, since in the summer the sun will heat the metal, causing you discomfort when visiting. The inside of such a building can be sheathed with polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam.
Stationary brick building will require more time for construction, as well as construction skills from the developer. Here you need to think through in detail how to clean the cesspool and the possibility of convenient access (for example, a sewer truck) to the building.
Toilet country house type The “Backlash-closet” has no significant differences from the stationary version; the only feature is the design of the cesspool. At the same time, its walls and bottom must be sealed, and it itself must have an elongated shape.
This feature will improve the optimization of the waste disposal process and make the installation of sewer hoses more convenient. A significant “minus” of “Lyuf-closet” type restrooms is the impossibility of using them during winter.
Country peat toilet belongs to alternative options closets. In this case, the waste is immediately sprinkled with peat, and when the sewer tank is filled, it is removed and the processed contents are removed. Learn more about operational features peat toilets will be written below.
Requirements for the construction of a country toilet
There are many nuances associated with the construction of a latrine; you need to take into account the direction of the winds, the possibility of unhindered access of a sewage truck to the building, and the distance from the cesspool to the point with water (no more than 25 meters). If there are other buildings nearby, the distance from them to the toilet should be at least 5 meters. Often closets are installed at a distance. But so that there is at least 1 meter to the border of the neighbor’s fence. Make sure that when you open the toilet door, your neighbors cannot see anything.
A country toilet with a cesspool is a solid structure that should be relatively spacious. The most common, convenient building options are the “birdhouse” and “hut”. If you want to have room to spread out, the birdhouse type is suitable for you.
If we consider the building from the point of view of the impact of precipitation, then the “hut” type wins here.
The entire “attack” of rain and snow will fall on the roof, which at the “hut” reaches almost to ground level, while the walls will remain dry.
Both types of buildings allow you to equip a country toilet without a cesspool by placing a removable tank at the base of the building or not far from it, where waste will be collected. This can be a welded metal container, a special bucket, a suitable plastic tank or a wooden tank with peat, tyrsa, sand. Having a foundation is preferable for any type of building.
A cesspool is the main element of a country toilet; in order to determine its volume, you should know that with constant use, approximately 50-60 liters should be allocated per person (estimated - 3 months). As mentioned above, it must be sealed so that sewage does not come into contact with aquifers soil. A well-equipped clay castle (20-30 cm thick) around the pit is an essential requirement when constructing a country toilet.
We build a toilet in a summer cottage with our own hands
If this is your first time building a toilet, please note that wooden structure easiest to build. Wood is a relatively inexpensive building material, it is easy to work with, it retains heat well, and is environmentally friendly. Let's look at this option in more detail. To arrange the frame, you will need wooden blocks; a section of 40×40 (or a little larger) is optimal. Choose the cladding material according to your taste: lining, standard board or even a block house will look quite appropriate. The roof can be covered with ondulin, slate, roofing felt.
Base, frame of the future toilet, photo:
To build a birdhouse type restroom, you can use a standard drawing, or you can use your imagination and develop your own individual version. Typical sizes country toilet: rear wall – 2 meters, facade – 2.30 m, the width of the building must be at least 1 meter, the roof must be pitched, the presence of a cesspool, the base must be at least 1×1 m.
Construction materials you will need: solid sand-cement blocks, wooden beams, sand, boards, lining (cladding), roofing felt. You will also need crushed bricks, profiled steel sheets, paint or varnish, a door block, hinges, a handle, latches, and nails. To arrange the frame, it is preferable to choose an edged board made of hard wood (for example, larch, beech), stock up on metal corners and self-tapping screws.
Country toilet, stages of work:
- First of all, we proceed to the cesspool, its approximate parameters should be at least 1: 1: 2 m, the dimensions of the cesspool determine the dimensions of the structure itself. We cover the bottom of the pit with crushed bricks or coarse crushed stone.
- Sand-cement blocks (they can be replaced with a concrete curb) will be the foundation. We install them in the corners of the pit - this is the foundation of the future frame.
- Approximately 4 layers of roofing felt on the blocks - this is the necessary waterproofing.
- The wooden frame consists of 4 load-bearing supports (vertical). The bars that are laid lengthwise should extend beyond the boundaries of the closet body by about 35-40 cm. The protruding part in front is the future canopy, the part in the back is the removal of precipitation from the wall of the building. The piping is done at the level of the place where the toilet will be installed. The height of the toilet seat should be comfortable - 40-45 cm from the floor.
- For greater strength of the frame, we install diagonal stiffeners on the rear wall, as well as on the side walls of the closet.
- The frame of the door block consists of two vertically mounted supports with a horizontal lintel at the top.
- We cover the frame with the selected material, lay a board (at least 4 cm thick) on the floor.
- We cut a hole in the floor of the appropriate size, the shape can be any.
- We install the door block with the door, and cut out a window if desired.
- We cover the roof of the restroom with the selected covering (roofing felt, ondulin, slate, etc.).
- We cover the structure with paint or varnish.
The installation of a country toilet with a cesspool implies a well-equipped ventilation system. It is important that unpleasant odors from the pit do not stagnate and come out freely. The outlet pipe can be made of any material, but its diameter must be at least 10 cm. Holes of the appropriate size should be cut in the toilet pedestal, like on the roof. The upper end of the pipe must rise above the roof of the building by at least 20 cm. The distances between the pipe and the cutout must be carefully sealed, and a ventilation deflector must be installed at the upper outlet of the pipe (it creates draft). The inside of the building can be lined with polystyrene foam or any other suitable facing material.
Branch pipes, photo:
Country toilet - cleaning the cesspool
There is no such person who would feel comfortable inhaling unpleasant odors. An outdoor (country) toilet, of course, cannot be a source of pleasant aromas, but advanced biotechnologies successfully cope with this problem. Today there are special chemicals, which not only block unpleasant odors, but process waste into liquid, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.
Many summer residents do not have the correct information regarding these chemicals, believing that chemicals can harm the environment and plants. This is not so - high-quality biological products (such as Vodogray) are absolutely harmless to human health and the environment (confirmed by ISO-9002).
Separately, it is worth mentioning biogranules - a very convenient, necessary invention. Biogranules for pit toilets - reviews are extremely positive, since their microbiological composition includes enzymes and non-pathological bacteria. Biogranules are harmless to the environment, human and animal health, and were awarded the 2001 international medal “Environmentally Safe Products”.
This product destroys bad odors, decomposes feces, toilet paper, while waste products are quickly processed and become a cloudy, odorless liquid. This liquid can subsequently be safely poured, for example, under a tree or other comfortable spot. The use of biogranules solves the problem of cleaning and pumping out sewage: they not only process the contents of the cesspool, but also reduce its volume at the end of the process.
Before use, water should be poured into the cesspool, and then the drug should be added according to the attached instructions. Every 7 days you should add water and add one sachet of biogranules (25 g). If the cesspool contains a lot of liquid, then you can fill in several bags at once. In the second case, the drug is pre-mixed with water and then poured into the pit. It is worth considering that if you previously poured bleach into it, then ordinary biogranules will not work - such an environment will destroy them. For these cases, there is a special type of drug - “Septic-biogranules”.
Two or three days after applying the product, a kind of film forms on top of the waste, which seems to “preserve” the unpleasant odor inside. Next comes the decomposition process, which can slow down if your cesspool is simply dug, that is, not lined with bricks or protected in any way. However, there will be a positive result in any case. If you want to have an odorless country toilet, then choose biogranules - an environmentally friendly product.
Toilet for a country toilet - which one to choose
The toilet is comfort and convenience. Often in country restrooms you can see ordinary ceramic toilet seats, the same as those installed in city apartments. This is the wrong choice, since most toilet models have a curved flush direction. In this case, waste is washed away with a large amount of water, so this configuration is acceptable. A toilet for a country toilet, on the contrary, must have a direct “exit” so that the contents are freely sent into the cesspool. In addition, ceramic toilets are very heavy, which is also not very convenient for a country closet.
An excellent alternative for dacha option there will be a special plastic toilet. It is light in weight, performs all the necessary functions, it does not have a curved “exit”, it is designed specifically for such outdoor buildings. A country toilet made of durable plastic is relatively inexpensive. The models are quite varied.
If we strive for comfort, then we need to take into account all the nuances, all the little things. Such a nice little thing, especially necessary in winter, will become a warm seat for the toilet. Visit outdoor toilet It’s not very comfortable in winter, and it’s not good for health either. The seat is exactly the part that is in direct contact with our body. The plastic seat holds the cold well, this distinguishes it from a thermal seat made of foamed polypropylene.
The warm seat for a country toilet fits any outdoor closet or toilet. The product is made of hygienic material that retains heat even in severe frost. This invention comes from Finland, and Finns, as you know, know how to deal with the cold. It is very easy to install, does not absorb moisture, is easy to maintain, and is weather resistant. The product has a modern external design and a lid made of the same material. The thermal seat for country toilets is made of an analogue of foam plastic, therefore it is absolutely harmless to human health and the environment.
Peat toilet - an alternative to the usual
Anyone can install such an innovation in their dacha, since such latrines do not imply the presence of a cesspool. This option is excellent when it is not possible to install a permanent structure (high groundwater level). These buildings are characterized by a simplified design - you won’t need much time or effort to install everything. We are talking about peat toilets - an innovation that appeared relatively recently, but has already proven itself positively among summer residents.
Peat toilet, photo:
Models of peat closets have an aesthetically attractive design, but if desired, you can “simplify” this device. A removable container is installed under a regular country toilet with a toilet without a cesspool, and a bucket with peat filler is placed next to the toilet seat. He did his job, reached out to the bucket of peat, scooped up the peat mixture with a special scoop, poured it inside the toilet - that’s the whole process.
The operating principle of such a device is to convert sewage into compost (biological decomposition) due to the action of active ingredients. IN peat dry closets This role is performed by peat or peat mixture. Near the toilet there is a box with peat. After the sewage gets inside the corresponding tank, it is sprinkled with this filler on top.
Branded peat toilets are equipped with a special dispenser installed near the upper tank for peat mixture. This is a very convenient device: you pull the handle, a kind of “flushing” occurs - a dose of peat is directed downwards, covering the waste. From this moment, feces begin to break down and absorb liquid, thereby blocking the unpleasant odor. When the container is full, it can be easily emptied, since by this time all waste will have already been processed and become fertilizer.
These devices require easy care: sewage is removed from the storage tank, the tank itself is washed, a new portion of peat substrate is added, the toilet is ready for use again. You can buy a ready-made set of such a closet, or you can install a wooden structure (as described above) or simply install a ready-made plastic country toilet (you can purchase used dry closet cabins at a low price). All you have to do is put a toilet with a removable tank inside the “box” to collect sewage, and clean it periodically.
When the storage tank is one third full, it is recommended to empty it. It is best to store processed waste inside the composter; after some time you use it as fertilizer for your garden.
Peat toilet for a summer house - which one is better?
When purchasing a product, pay attention to the following characteristics:
- Dimensions of the product - you should be comfortable using it (the height of the toilet seat is important), the entire device should fit proportionally into the booth.
- The volume of the storage container should not be too large or too small. Consider the number of people and the frequency of using the restroom.
- If the toilet will be used by two people, then the tank, which is too large, will have to be emptied half-empty (the waste should not remain inside the container for a long time).
- Consider the load on the toilet seat, its strength, the thickness of the material should depend on the weight of the heaviest user.
As for the manufacturers of peat toilets, the most positive reviews were given to products from Russian companies Kompakt-EKO, Piteco, Finnish country peat toilets Ekomatic L&T, Biolan Komplet, and Swedish composting bioclosets Mulltoa. Prices vary - depending on the quality and the manufacturer. You shouldn’t skimp on something as necessary as a toilet - good equipment will serve your family for decades, and this is a good reason.
Whatever type of closet you choose, the main thing is that you feel comfortable using it so that your neighbors don’t complain. How to build a country toilet with your own hands step by step, how to equip a “dry” peat closet, what it should be sanitary requirements to the construction of this building - you now know, which means you can tell other summer residents about it.
Photos of toilets in the country:
To the owners of undeveloped summer cottages or lands with dilapidated buildings, the task is to improve them. First of all, you need to build a restroom on your territory. To make it comfortable and pleasing to the eye appearance, should be carefully considered own project or it’s good to try on a purchased design.
We build from wood according to traditions
Despite the abundance of materials on the construction market, including innovative ones, wood remains the most popular in the construction of toilets.
Advantages of wood:
- Environmental friendliness. When the boards have served their purpose, the latrine can be dismantled and burned in the oven.
- Decorative. Even the most simple wooden toilet easily fits into the design of any summer cottage, emphasizing its natural beauty.
- Hygiene. Wood absorbs unpleasant odors, masking them.
- Durability. If you use special impregnations against bacteria, fungi and insects or paint that protects against harmful ultraviolet radiation, you can significantly extend the service life of the material.
- Low cost.
The main disadvantage of wood is its increased flammability, which can be reduced by treating it with heat-resistant agents.
A simple latrine can be built in one day
A latrine made of boards at the dacha can be built with a cesspool (backlash-closet) or with a container for waste (powder-closet). The first option is necessary for summer residents with a large family who permanently live on the site, and the second is suitable for those who care for the garden several days a year. In this case, the container with biological waste can be emptied approximately once a month. In addition, the type of latrine is influenced by the location of groundwater: if it is close, then cesspool You shouldn't dig.
Having decided on the design of the toilet, you can begin drawing up a drawing that will simplify the assembly of the frame, or use ready-made plans.
The drawing shows detailed dimensions
In any case, it is recommended to manufacture structural parts strictly according to the drawing in order to avoid inaccuracies and distortions. The simplest model of a restroom, which does not require special skill, is considered to be the “Birdhouse”. Typically its height is two to three meters, width is one meter, and length is one or one and a half meters. If desired, all these dimensions can be increased or a double restroom can be made.
The Teremok toilet looks original, especially with its arrow-shaped shape, which does not retain snow. And also the “fairytale” design is well protected from the wind. Its main element, unlike the Birdhouse, is not the frame and walls, but the roof, fixed to a truncated base.
The structure, lined with a slab, is well protected from snow
Another common type of latrine is the “Shalash”, where the side walls simultaneously serve as roof slopes. This model can be built in just a few hours. Decoration Materials In such a design, only the back and front are needed; roofing materials are laid on the sides.
Comfortable sitting is an important detail of any restroom.
We are building a drawing
The development of a drawing of a country toilet should begin with the frame, noting the dimensions of the structure (length, width, height) and indicating the cross-section of the timber or boards. In project wooden building a cutting diagram of the facing material should be displayed, the amount of which is calculated for one side (due to symmetry), front and rear walls. When creating a drawing of a “Birdhouse”, the front wall must be built higher than the back wall for slope if the roof is pitched. In the toilet with gable roof the front and back walls are the same height. Those who are planning to make a ceiling in the restroom should also display it in the illustration.
We calculate the amount of materials
Standard set of products for a small country toilet two meters high:
- Two pieces of edged boards from four to six meters.
- Four floorboards of six meters.
- Three-meter lining - two or four packs (depending on the type of internal lining).
- Edged timber with a thickness of at least 50×50 mm or a board - from 20 mm for the frame.
- Glassine - four meters.
- Ruberoid - one and a half meters.
- Twenty special galvanized nails for eight-wave slate or corrugated sheeting.
- Galvanized steel for the ridge.
- Door with fittings.
- Two buckets of sand.
- Antifungal drug packaging.
- Roofing material (120×140 mm).
The list may vary and be supplemented depending on the selected toilet model. The final estimate is drawn up according to a pre-created drawing. To build a toilet roof 1.5 m long and 1.2 m wide, you will need 1.8 m2 of edged boards (calculated by multiplying the length by the width) plus three meters (0.75 boards) for the side rafters.
As a result, 1.75 boards 4 m long and 0.25 m wide are enough to cover the roof. The number of floorboards is determined according to the same scheme: 0.6 m 2 (1 m x 0.6 m) is needed for the floor covering and (0.6 m x 0.4 m x 2 + 1 m x 0.4 m + 1 m x 0.6 m = 1.48 m 2) - for a toilet seat, and the area of four boards is six meters long and thick 100 mm is 2.4 m 2.
To cover the back and two side walls of the restroom you will need 7.28 m 2 of boards. The area is also calculated by multiplying the length by the width. As a result, 2 m2 of lining will go to the back wall and 2.64 m2 to one side wall (2.64 m2 x 2 + 2 m2 = 7.28 m2).
For a parallelepiped-shaped restroom model, the length of the lining must be at least 1.24 m (if the products are stuffed crosswise), and the width and thickness can be taken arbitrarily. Calculations are made in a similar way: the area of the walls of the structure is determined and divided by the area of one board of the lining, the number of necessary elements is obtained.
We are building a restroom according to the traditions of Russian architecture
We purchase quality material
If you decide to build a restroom from boards, then it is better to use widespread products made of larch, which does not darken, retains its original appearance for a long time and is durable. Edged boards can be planed or unprocessed. The first ones are more expensive, but they are already dried, polished and do not injure your hands during operation.
The toilet can also be covered with clapboard - thin boards that are fastened together with grooves. It is usually created from coniferous species wood, resists moisture and temperature changes well and does not deform when exposed to sunlight.
The lining withstands weather conditions well
A budget-friendly and convenient option for building a closet can be used pallets - packaging products that are convenient to fasten, break, process and combine with other materials. They can be easily obtained for free by contacting transport companies that do not need “garbage”, or purchased at a bargain price through thematic portals.
Pallets are connected to each other with bolts
You can also cover the restroom with moisture-resistant plywood, fiberboard, chipboard or sealed OSB boards. All of the materials listed are easy to install and resistant to adverse biological influences. However, it should be taken into account that fiberboard and chipboard made from glued sawdust can be damaged by impact loads, especially for thin materials. A toilet with a 0.5 mm fiberboard coating is unlikely to last long.
Modern OSB-3 boards, made from wood chips with synthetic resins in the form of three layers, can withstand significant mechanical stress and are easy to construct. Therefore, they are suitable for structures designed for long-term operation. A restroom made from logs or timber will be reliable, durable and pleasing to the eye with an antique style. This design has only one drawback - the high price.
Preparing the necessary tools
In the process of building a toilet you will need:
- building level;
- hacksaw or portable circular saw;
- plane;
- Screwdriver Set;
- self-tapping screws;
- hammer.
Step-by-step instructions for building a country toilet
The following methods are used to construct a latrine cesspool:
- iron installation concrete rings;
- laying out brick walls;
- installation of special polymer tanks;
- concreting using lathing.
Phased construction of a toilet:
- Having prepared the project, you should decide on the location of the latrine, which should not disturb the neighbors, so it will have to be installed at a distance of one to one and a half meters from the fence. If you decide to make a cesspool, provide access for a sewer truck. You should not build a toilet in lowlands that may be flooded by spring floods.
- The construction of a backlash closet begins with digging a hole, which can be with drainage or sealed. The first option is less labor-intensive, and the second is indispensable for high level groundwater spreading sewage throughout the site.
The cesspool should be located no closer than 5 meters from wells, residential buildings and areas with fruit trees
- The pit is dug in accordance with the dimensions in the drawing, compacted, filled with sand and cemented. After this, the walls are covered with lathing and filled with mortar or lined with bricks (as an option: concrete rings). Next, the surface is plastered and processed together with the bottom. bitumen mastic. Do not forget that the walls must rise above the ground by no less than sixteen centimeters.
- A capital pit can be built with a filter bottom by filling it broken brick or crushed stone. This way, liquid waste will go into the ground, so you will need to clean the pit much less often. Installation of a plastic container can be done on any site, observing sanitary and hygienic standards, since in this case fecal matter does not fall into the ground.
Broken bricks are placed at the bottom of the hole
- At the next stage, the foundation is installed. For a toilet, it is enough to dig concrete pillars or blocks around the perimeter. The frame, which includes four vertical bases, is constructed from wooden beams or profile metal pipes. Longitudinal rafters The roof frames should protrude no less than thirty centimeters beyond the perimeter of the building.
The base for the restroom can be made from treated slats
- The base is fastened with four slats at the level of the toilet seat, corresponding to the height for ease of use (usually forty centimeters from the finishing floor covering is enough). After this, the jibs of the side and rear walls are mounted diagonally and vertical supports for the door, fastened with a lintel at the top, no more than one hundred and ninety centimeters in height.
The toilet seat is located at a distance of approximately 40 cm from the floor
- The finished frame is sheathed with clapboard, boards, OSB, etc.
The toilet frame is covered with slats
- There is a door on the back wall for convenient waste removal. It is better to seal the lid with roofing felt or other moisture-proofing material. It is advisable to install a ventilation pipe in the slots of the toilet seat and roof.
The rear door for waste collection is equipped with ventilation
- Next, a door with a window for lighting, equipped with a hook and latch, is hung.
The roof covering is installed using a drill
It is better to make the frame for a parallelepiped structure from larch beams, and pine is more suitable for floors, walls, ceilings and doors. To make the toilet neat, you need to take careful measurements in accordance with the drawing.
The “Shalash” model is built very quickly. Work begins with installing the front and rear walls from edged pine boards at least thirty millimeters thick. The material can be attached to both nails and self-tapping screws. Next, longitudinal and cross beams according to the drawing, and the base of the pedestal is mounted on the rear wall and spacer element.
After assembling the frame, the platform and floor are sheathed. For the latter, it is better to take a board from hardwood dimensions 20x100 millimeters. Ventilation in the “Shalash” is mounted on the back wall. The door, as always, is attached at the final stage.
Video: do-it-yourself country toilet combined with shower
Creating a durable finishing layer
An outdoor toilet is constantly exposed to the adverse effects of precipitation, wind and temperature changes. This causes the tree to darken and rot. Will help extend its service life protective covering, which must be aesthetically pleasing.
The original design of the toilet can decorate the area
Main types of coatings:
- Oil paints. They impregnate wood well, form a strong layer, and last up to seven years. They have a high consumption and take a long time to dry.
- Antiseptics. They penetrate to a depth of approximately one centimeter and protect the material from blue staining, mold and rot. Preserve the natural color of the wood or slightly tint it.
- Glazing paints. Translucent, last up to five years, do not change the surface texture.
- Topcoat paints. They also preserve the relief of the material, do not lose their appearance for up to seven years, and form a very durable layer.
- Acrylic paints. They can last up to ten years, allow the wood to breathe, and retain color perfectly.
Fans of the natural shade of wood are better off using antiseptics and special impregnations. Those who want to give free rein to their imagination can use dark colors that will not become dirty. Designers do not recommend covering the toilet with flashy, bright colors that catch the eye. It is better if the restroom is hidden from prying eyes.
In most cases, buildings are painted after assembly. However, this has its downsides. After all, the edges of the boards and others hard to reach places will be left without protection. It is more correct to process the material before constructing the restroom.
People who know how to draw well can decorate a toilet in an original way. Birds, insects, flowers on a dark background and other images will make your closet different from others.
“When painting toilet walls, you should not use varnish, which traps steam and is not suitable for outdoor work.”
It is recommended to apply the products to a clean, well-sanded surface. First, treatment is carried out with an antiseptic, and then applied finishing coat in two or three layers with drying. You cannot paint boards under the scorching sun, otherwise cracks will appear after drying. The primer must match the tone of the base paint. During operation, the product must be constantly stirred to achieve an even layer.
Natural dark tones are optimal for the restroom
It’s not difficult to build a comfortable wooden toilet in your country house. Even a beginner can cope with this task. However, in order for the result not to disappoint, a number of simple conditions must be met. It is not forbidden to use ready-made drawings, but before you begin to implement the project, you need to thoroughly understand them. And even better - make the necessary modifications to the finished drawing (changing dimensions, adjusting the design, etc.). A creative approach allows you to get the best result.
August 5, 2016Specialization: master of internal and exterior decoration(plaster, putty, tiles, drywall, lining, laminate and so on). In addition, plumbing, heating, electrical, conventional cladding and balcony extensions. That is, the renovation of an apartment or house was done on a turnkey basis with all the necessary types of work.
By and large, you can simply provide drawings on how to build a toilet in a country house with your own hands, but I don’t think this is correct, since the principle of arranging a latrine will be omitted. The fact is that no matter how beautiful and durable the architectural structure on top is, 90% of it depends on the arrangement of the sewerage system below.
Therefore, I want to focus your attention on the entire complex, point out the most common mistakes and invite you to watch the video in this article.
Four main mistakes made during construction
Now I want to draw your attention to four points that are often neglected, and since it is best to equip a toilet in a country house well, take them into account when installing and designing:
- As you understand, the latrine is the default source unpleasant odors, as well as wastewater that can pollute environment. Despite a whole range of measures that can be used to cancel such consequences (filters, ventilation), there are certain requirements for the distance of the sewerage system from other objects. In your case, three aspects are especially important - distance from water sources, roads and the neighbor's fence - pay attention to the schematic drawing above.
- The second mistake can be called neglect of the foundation, more precisely, its strength, on which the architectural structure is installed. You've probably seen lopsided toilets that are scary to go into! So, this is precisely the consequence of this error.
- Following the principle “so that it doesn’t go to waste,” some install ordinary ones on the street, not country toilets . There is practically nothing there to wash them off with (the stored container of water is too small for this purpose), as a result of which unsanitary conditions develop.
- And finally, the fourth mistake is neglecting the sheathing- we are not talking about beauty, but about the density of the wall, where there are no drafts. The presence of drafts can lead to dire consequences for your health!
Arrangement of a country toilet
Pit and base
1 - toilet; 2 - beams; 3 - storage tanks; 4 - pipes
Explanation. The top diagram shows the principle of arranging a toilet with. But we are mainly interested here in the location of the beams on the pit for the foundation of a higher structure.
So, you can attach a toilet and shower room to the house or install it autonomously - in any case, you will need a storage tank for wastewater, or a connection to a centralized sewerage system.
I will not explain in detail the structure of the septic tank, since this is a separate topic, although we will touch on it briefly, in any case we will have a pit. As with any other container, the main requirements here are capacity and strength (so that the walls do not collapse).
Again, if you do not concrete it or use masonry, then the main attention should be paid to the density of the soil, which determines the likelihood of a landslide. The most durable can be called alumina, as in the photo above, but, nevertheless, this does not guarantee complete stability of the beams. Therefore, when installing beams, they must extend beyond the edges by at least half a meter, and if necessary, if the soil is soft, a meter or more.
Of course, the most the best option there will be a storage tank (concrete or brick plastered) with a lid, which, in fact, will be the basis for installing the toilet. Here you can already vary:
- leave it as a cesspool;
- or use it as the first settling compartment for a septic tank, although its price, of course, is higher than that of a regular pit.
The most important thing is that the lid will simultaneously serve as an excellent foundation for the higher structure, but the container itself is installed on a sand and crushed stone cushion so that there is no tilting or subsidence.
Wooden toilet
I want to repeat once again that I am not going to offer you a building according to specific dimensions, since this does not make sense due to the differences in conditions and needs. But you will understand how to build the same structure with a brick shower, because the principle itself is important here, not the material.
We continue to consider the topic of how to properly build a toilet and move on to the premises of the superior architectural structure itself. Let's say that you have a pit ready, and you put tarred wooden beams, and perhaps it’s even concrete or metal profiles, which is even better.
Now it is important for us that the floor does not end up on the same level with the ground - raise it by at least 15-20 cm - this will significantly increase its service life, as it will reduce the likelihood of rotting.
Now regarding the geometric parameters of the structure as a container - comfortable height from floor to ceiling should be about 200 cm, and the optimal perimeter is about 140x140 cm.
These figures are calculated for almost everyone, but you, of course, can increase such parameters. I simply do not recommend making them smaller, so as not to create a feeling of discomfort.
As for ventilation, it is best if you install it in the back of the pit, behind the toilet. ventilation pipe made of PVC 110 mm in diameter and 50 cm high above the roof of the building itself. In fact, it can be any other pipe, even a brick pipe.
However, PVC is not only convenient, but also economical. Please note that if there is a residential building nearby (closer than 4-5m), then the pipe, naturally, should be higher than it, so that the smell does not penetrate into the room through the windows.
Now let's pay attention to the roof - it is usually either gable or single-pitch. From a technological point of view, there is no difference, but from a technical point of view, the amount of work increases.
In addition, if there are no special claims to architectural individuality, then it is best to use only one slope - you will not only save labor costs, but you will use much less materials.
Try to close tightly - use false strips or at least pieces of rubber for this, securing them around the perimeter door leaf. This is how you protect inner part from the snow. And if you use such a toilet in winter, it will be much warmer there.
Conclusion
You can undoubtedly build a wooden or even brick toilet with your own hands - it’s quite simple. For a sample, you can take one of the drawings from this article and substitute your dimensions. If you have interesting suggestions, write about it in the comments.
Wherever a person lives, he tries to make his habitat as comfortable as possible. Therefore, the first structure built on a summer cottage is a toilet. It is difficult to live even one day without this building outside the city. To build it, you can hire specialists or do the work yourself. But even if you decide to make a toilet in your country house with your own hands, you cannot do without theoretical knowledge. So we’ll find out what needs to be done to build this much-needed structure.
Where should the structure be located?
Before building a toilet, a location for its construction is determined. The distance of the toilet from other buildings depends on its design. More precisely, whether it will be a building with or without a cesspool.
Which type of toilet to choose is decided not only by preference, but also by the location of groundwater. If they are located above the 2.5 meter mark, the construction of a cesspool is prohibited. In such cases, a powder closet is built.
When choosing a place to build, do not forget that this is a place of solitude. Therefore, it is advisable to give him a corner away from buildings.
When constructing a toilet with a cesspool, observe sanitary standards for similar structures. The toilet should be located no closer than 12 meters to residential buildings. The distance from it to the water source is at least 20 meters. To avoid misunderstandings with neighbors, we are building a toilet in the country, one and a half meters away from the fence.
When planning the construction of a country toilet with a cesspool, think about how a sewer truck will subsequently approach it. The length of the sewage pumping hose is only 7 meters. Moreover, 3 of them will be located in the pit.
Also consider the landscape of the site. a toilet built in a low-lying area will fill quickly during the rainy season and spring snowmelt. And the building on a hill is blown from all sides by the wind.
Types of cesspools
Depending on the penetration of sewage into the ground, cesspools are available: with a filter bottom and sealed. Construction and operation of a sealed structure will cost more. This is not only due to consumables, but also with more frequent cleaning and calling a sewer truck. Waste in a pit with a filter bottom is less noticeable, but there is a possibility of contamination of the surrounding area. In addition, such structures are prohibited by sanitary standards.
You can build the walls of a cesspool from different materials. Depending on this they are:
- brick;
- plastic;
- from concrete rings;
- monolithic.
Let's look at each of them in more detail.
Laying out a brick hole
Option #1 - sealed design
Having decided on the site of construction of the toilet, the marked area is cleared. Dig a rectangular pit according to the required dimensions. The larger it is, the less often you will need to clean the toilet from sewage. Then compact the soil at the bottom. Pour a layer of sand (10-15 cm) and make concrete base. It wouldn't hurt to use reinforcement and filler, or crushed stone. After the concrete has hardened, the walls of the structure are laid out and plastered. For better sealing, they are treated with bitumen mastic. The walls of the cesspool are ten centimeters above the surface of the earth.
After laying the brick for the cesspool, the walls of the structure must be plastered and covered with bitumen mastic
Option #2 - design with a filter bottom
For such a cesspool, the bottom is not sealed. To do this, pour a layer of pebbles or coarse crushed stone on top of the sand. Liquid waste Thanks to this filter, they seep into the ground. This reduces the total mass of sewage, which increases the time before cleaning the pit.
It is advisable to make cesspools with a filter bottom only in those places where the soil waters lie very deep.
Using plastic containers
Can be used as waste storage for cesspools plastic barrels or Eurocubes. They are buried in a hole under the toilet. For a sealed design, only the upper part of the container is cut off, where the waste will flow. For an unsealed pit, the lower part is also cut out. In this case, a filter layer is poured onto the bottom of the cesspool.
To prevent soil from displacing plastic containers, they must be secured using weighted anchors
Concrete ring design option
Now let's figure out how to install a toilet in the country using concrete rings. Due to the fact that reinforced concrete products can move during use, it is difficult to make such a structure airtight. Therefore, it is advisable to use it only in places with deep-lying groundwater. Construction of a cesspool from reinforced concrete products is a labor-intensive process. To make it easier, special equipment is used.
Due to the large weight of concrete rings, special equipment will be required for their installation.
After selecting and clearing the site for construction, dig a hole according to the size of the ring. They lower the first ring and begin to dig up the earth from under its base. Thus, the rings gradually lower under their own weight. When there is enough space, install the second ring on the first. Thus, they continue to dig and install required amount rings At the bottom of the pit they do either concrete screed, or filter layer.
The top of the last installed concrete ring should protrude ten centimeters above the ground.
You will find step-by-step instructions for installing a cesspool made of concrete rings in our next material: .
Monolithic concrete structure for a toilet
For a cesspool from monolithic concrete, after digging a pit, the bottom is covered with a layer of sand. It is reinforced by going onto the walls. This will give the structure strength. The bottom of the pit is filled with concrete and left until completely hardened. Then the formwork for the walls is installed and they are filled with concrete. After it hardens, formwork is done and the ceiling is poured.
Defects in concrete after removing the formwork must be repaired with cement-sand mortar
Construction of a toilet house over a cesspool
After preparing the cesspool, they begin to build a house over it. We invite you to figure out with us how to build a country toilet from wood.
The length of the structure is 20 centimeters greater than the width. For example, the width is 1 meter and the length is 1.2. Let the height be 2.1 meters. Next to the cesspool, a foundation is made according to the appropriate dimensions.
Between the foundation and wooden frame lay roofing felt for insulation
Waterproofing made of roofing felt is laid on top of it. From wooden block assemble the frame and screw it to the foundation.
Floorboards are laid on top of the frame and secured with self-tapping screws. The floor must be quite strong, so the thickness of the board should be at least 3 cm.
The timber frame must be treated with an antiseptic
The front and back frames of the toilet house are made from the block.
The front frame should be 10 cm higher than the rear one
Then they are fixed to the base, leveling them using a level. Strengthen the structure with transverse bars.
The cross bars under the roof should protrude 0.3 m in front and 0.16 m in the back
Then the frame for the pedestal is installed. Its height is 0.45 meters.
The height of the pedestal is made taking into account convenience
At the next stage, the frame of the house is sheathed. Imitation of timber is perfect for this. It has a convenient tongue-and-groove fastening. Sheathing of the structure begins from the bottom; the boards are secured with self-tapping screws or ordinary nails. A window is cut out at the top of the door.
When securing the imitation timber, make sure that the groove is on top and the tenon is on the bottom. This method prevents moisture from entering the groove.
After this, the frame for the pedestal is sheathed. A hole is cut in the middle. Its size depends on the container that will be installed inside. The bottom of the container is cut out before fastening.
The size of the hole cut in the pedestal depends on the container that will be used
Then they make the roof of the house. First, the boards are fastened parallel to the front of the building at a short distance from each other.
Cross boards for the roof are attached starting from the front of the building
Then they sew up the visor above the door from below. Attach boards around the perimeter of the roof base.
Boards fixed around the perimeter of the roof base should form right angles
Now all that remains is to cover it with slate. At the next stage, the door is assembled and hung on its hinges. Platbands are stuffed on top.
Platbands cover the cracks and prevent the door from opening into the room
Then the entire structure is covered with a special impregnation that protects against moisture and pests, and then with paint or varnish. Handles and a hook or latch are attached outside and inside the structure.
From our next article you will learn how to build a country toilet with a shower:.
Toilet for a dacha, powder-closet type
Where groundwater is located close to the surface, building a toilet in a country house with a cesspool is prohibited. In this case, a powder closet is built. Unlike the previous version, this design does not have an underground waste receptacle in the form of a pit.
Therefore, the container inserted into the hole in the pedestal must have a bottom. It’s even better if there are two containers: one is slightly smaller than the other. Moreover, the smaller one should have small holes for liquid leakage. And in the larger side, a drainage hose is inserted to drain excess liquid.
There is no need to dig a cesspool for a powder closet. The waste is sprinkled with peat and then taken to the compost heap
The foundation of the building must be concreted. Before using the container, filler is poured onto its bottom. This could be peat or sawdust. After each visit to the toilet, a new portion of filler is poured on top. As the container fills, its contents are transferred to the compost heap.
Such toilets are only suitable for temporary use. For houses with permanent residence it is better to equip a septic tank or build a local treatment system.
