How to make a 4 pitched roof. Do-it-yourself four-pitched roof of the house. What you need to know about four-pitched truss systems

When building your own home, a lot of responsibility falls on your shoulders. You have to deal with a bunch of issues and participate in the construction process. After all reliable roof overhead will provide a comfortable life.

Difficulties always attract a person. After all, it is not in vain that they say: “We are not looking for easy ways.” This is what happens in construction. Four-pitched roof has a complex shape, giving the building a special look. This architecture attracts many. This type is especially popular in the construction country houses. On cottage a good option would be to build four pitched roof.

In this article

View

The location on different sides of 4 slopes gives your home a solid look. Often, the slopes have a different shape: a pair of them is obtained in the form of a triangle and plays the role of a pediment, and some are shaped like a trapezoid.

Difficulties with a hipped roof during calculations and installation scare away many who wish, but if you do not doubt your abilities, then you can safely build it.

Design Benefits

A four-pitched roof with your own hands has the following advantages:

the absence of gables makes the roof more durable and resistant to gusts of wind. This type of roof is suitable for areas with windy weather conditions;
the presence of 4 slopes more effectively copes with the removal of melt and rain water, as well as snow;
the attic space becomes more spacious, which is ideal for the location of the attic;
the construction of a 4-pitched roof will cost no more than other types.

Types

On execution hipped roof with your own hands, you can distinguish several of its subspecies:

hip - is a classic option. It has 2 triangular hips and 2 slopes in the shape of a trapezoid;
half-hip - has slightly shortened slopes. Perfectly used for the attic;
tent - executed in the form of a pyramid. Ideal for a square building.

Project

Before proceeding directly to construction, it is necessary to create a roof project in order not to make mistakes in the future. How to build a roof? It will help in this case step by step instructions. Having familiarized ourselves with the design of the house, proceed to the following:

we calculate the angle of inclination of the slopes, based on indicators such as wind load, precipitation in your area, type roofing material. In areas with strong gusts of wind, it is advisable to make the angle of inclination less than 30 degrees, thus, the windage will decrease. In areas that are constantly flooded with precipitation, the desired roof angle is not lower than 65 degrees to prevent the accumulation of snow and water. In areas with a more or less stable climate, a roof from 40 to 50 degrees is perfect. For each type of material, the manufacturer indicates the lowest operating angle;
we calculate the height of the ridge using a series of simple geometry formulas.

Rafter system design

The truss system of the hipped roof forms the roof frame. It is made up of the following elements:

mauerlat - a beam located along the perimeter of the walls and distributing the load on them. The four-pitched roof has 4 beams. If the house is wooden, then the blocks of the upper crowns will be the Mauerlat. IN brick house a concrete belt is created over the walls, into which special studs are embedded. Then the Mauerlat is attached to them;
the ridge beam, or run, is above all elements. The upper part of the rafters is attached to it. At a 4-pitched roof, it is less than the length of the house;
rafter legs- boards that create the geometry of the slopes. Their cross section is 50 x 150 mm. A four-pitched roof uses 3 types of rafters: slanting, ordinary, outdoor. Installation of ordinary rafter legs is carried out on slopes in the form of a trapezoid. Sloping rafters are made from a more durable material, since the load on them is greater. The upper part of the slats rests on the ridge run, and the lower part rests on the angle of the Mauerlat. The hip is formed by outdoor rafters. They focus on the diagonal rafter legs and the support beam;

bed - a bar that lays a supporting wall located inside the building. Functionally, the bed transfers the weight and distributes it to the foundation;
vertical supports - racks, mounting takes place on a bed. They are a support for the middle of the rafters and run;
rafter leg, or brace. The angle of its installation is 45 degrees to the rafter. The emphasis is on the rack. It is used so that the rafters do not sag, to transfer part of the weight to the bearing wall;
sprengel is used to support the rafters. This is a vertical support, similar to a rack. Sprengel farms are used most often;
puff, or bolt, - bars of a horizontal position that grab the rafter pairs in the upper and lower parts;
filly - boards that extend the rafters and protect the walls from dampness, forming a roof overhang.

Installation procedure

A four-pitched roof begins with the installation of a Mauerlat, which we lay along the perimeter of the walls. Its cross section is 150 x 150 mm. When placing it is necessary to control its level. The beam should be located 5-7 cm from the edge of the wall. Fastening is carried out on pre-walled studs. Nuts are screwed on top. Such a beam will connect the design of the rafters and the walls of the house into a single whole.

To install racks, you need a bed and floor beams. The size of the beam of such elements is 100 x 200 mm. Installation of supports is carried out vertically with fastening with plates or a corner. When using a hip roof, the racks are placed in 1 row, and a run is attached on top. The hipped roof involves the placement of supports diagonally. Equal distances are laid off from the corner. Thus, a rectangle is obtained on which the runs are laid. We fix everything with the help of a corner.

Installation truss system roofs

The next step is to make rafter templates. We install side rafters on them. A thin board is suitable for blanking. We apply it to the run and mark it washed down. With the second end, which is located at the Mauerlat, we also note washed down. We make the required number of rafters using a template. After choosing the mounting step, we make the installation. The step can be from 60 cm to 1 m. We make the connection with self-tapping screws.

The angle of inclination of the slope is determined by the rafters. They are arranged diagonally for additional load. Often double boards are used for them. We also make cuts according to the template. The upper part of the rafters is connected with a crossbar to give strength.

The hipped roof connects the rafters near the ridge using puffs. Installation occurs at an angle of 90 degrees. Wire clamps connect to walls.

We fasten the sprigs to the diagonal rafters. Their length can be varied, but they must be parallel to each other. Ordinary and outdoor rafters together form side slopes.

The four-pitched roof with their own hands came to an end. The last step is its insulation with basalt wool or expanded polystyrene. We lay the material between the rafters. A layer of waterproofing will protect from moisture. The crate directly depends on the type of roof material.

In this video, you can learn more about the construction and design of a four-pitched hip roof:

The classic four-slope even today remains unfamiliar for Russian latitudes and reminds of the overseas way of life. That is why it is built most often in order to give the architecture of a residential building a special effect in terms of style and perception, it is advantageous to distinguish it from the monotonous habitual buildings. In addition, a hipped roof - built with all the rules with your own hands - in practice has a large number of advantages, especially for the harsh Russian latitudes. Let's find out more?

Types of hipped roofs

The four-pitched roof has slopes that are made in the form of isosceles triangles and converge at one point with their vertices. If the hipped roof is square in plan when viewed from above, then it is called a hipped roof.

If it doesn’t come out square, but it turns out in the form of a rectangle, this is a hip roof. Such interesting name she received thanks to the slopes, which look like tongs-hips.

Dutch roof: classic four slopes

The Dutch, or hip roof is considered a classic option, which is particularly resistant to wind and snow.

The surface of a standard hip roof forms two trapezoidal slopes on the long sides and the same number of triangular ones on the short sides. Unlike a hipped roof, this form, according to modern architects, is considered more aesthetic.

The hip roof truss system involves the installation of four sloping rafters - diagonal support bars that go from the two tops of the slopes to the upper corners of the building.

But the half-hip roof, in turn, is of two types: when the side slopes cut off only part of the butt from above, or already below, that is, the half-hip itself can be a triangle or a trapezoid, and be called Danish or half-hip Dutch.

Half hip Dutch roof: extra stability

A half-hipped Dutch roof is both a variant of both a gable design and a four-slope one. She is different from classic version the presence of truncated hips - triangular end slopes. According to the rules, the length of the hip of the Dutch roof should be 1.5-3 times less than the length of the side trapezoidal slopes.

The advantage of such a roof is that it is possible to install a vertical roof window here, and at the same time a sharp ledge, like gable roof, is absent, which in turn increases the ability of the roof to withstand extreme wind loads.

Half-hip Danish roof: European traditions

But the Danish half-hip roof is a kind of pure hip design. In this case, only the lower part of the end slope is mounted, and a small vertical gable is left under the ridge.

The advantage of this design is that it allows you to abandon problematic in terms of waterproofing skylights in the roof and provide natural light to the attic through the installation of full-fledged vertical glazing, which is now especially fashionable.

Hip roof: perfect proportions

A hipped roof is usually placed on buildings that have the same length of walls, which form a square perimeter. In such a four-pitched roof, all the slopes are in shape - the same isosceles triangles, the roofer's dream, in a word, and the builder's nightmare.

The fact is that the construction of a classic hipped roof is even more difficult than that of a hip roof, because here the rafters must all converge at one point:

Roof truss system with four slopes

Here is the simplest example of building a standard hip roof for a small country house:

Stage I. Planning and design

Before how to make a hipped roof, be sure to think through all its details, to the smallest detail. Even the simplest hipped roof device must be built according to the finished drawing. The fact is that the finished gable roof has almost noticeable flaws and distortions, but if you make a mistake somewhere in the construction of the same hip or hipped roof, then the diagonal rafters simply will not converge in the ridge and it will be extremely difficult to fix it.

And therefore, if you own special programs, create a 3D model of the future roof directly in them, and if not, then just prepare detailed drawing and it's good if a professional can help you with this. All the details of such a roof must be calculated - to the smallest detail!

By the way, today it is quite fashionable to make not only a hipped roof, but also its individual functional elements:

Stage II. Procurement of structural elements

So if you took finished drawing roof or sketched it yourself and are confident in the future quality, it's time to prepare necessary elements rafter system. And for this, first we will figure out how they are called correctly.

So, the first thing you have to take care of before building a hipped roof is Mauerlat. This is a beam of square or rectangular section, which you will lay on the top of the walls around the entire perimeter of the house. It will become a support for the rafters, which will transfer the load to it, and it is this board that will evenly distribute the weight of the entire roof onto the walls of the house and the foundation. Perfect option- use a bar with a section of 15 by 10 cm as a Mauerlat.

Next you will build rafter legs- this is the main element that will create a roof slope. Standard rafters are made from a board 50 by 150 mm, and diagonal ones - 100 by 150 mm.

You will need and puffs, the main task which - to prevent the displacement of the rafter legs to the sides. You will fix and connect the puffs themselves with the lower ends, and for this stock boards with a parameter of 50 by 150 meters.

But from above, both diagonal rafter legs and standard rafters will converge and be fixed to each other in skate. To do this, take a bar 150 by 100 mm.

Further, in the center of two opposite sides should be cross beam – sill, which serves as a support for the racks, and they, in turn, support the ridge run. For this purpose, a beam with a section of 100 by 100 mm or 100 by 150 mm is suitable.

slopes will become a support for the rafters, which prevents them from shifting. Such you must install them at an angle to the rack, for this, take the same material as on the bench.

Don't forget also about wind board- this is a horizontal element that connected all the lower ends of the rafters. You will need to nail it to the rafters along the inner perimeter of the roof and in this way emphasize the line of the slope. For this purpose, a board 100 by 50 mm is suitable.

But for the outside you need another board - filly, from the same material. This board received such a strange name from the time when it was made cut out, in the form of horse muzzles.

But the most unusual and complex element hipped roof is sprengel, which gives rigidity to the entire structure. Its main task is to connect all horizontal and vertical elements. It is also mounted at an angle, and is made of a bar 100 by 100 mm:

And finally, if we are talking specifically about the hip roof, then the only element that is present exclusively in hip roofs is conjurers. They are shortened rafters that rest on a diagonal rafter leg. You can make them from a board 50 by 150 mm.

In real life, all these elements look like this:

Think also about insulation, waterproofing film and additional roofing elements:

Stage III. Installing an attic floor

Often, headstocks of hanging rafters or pendants, which work in tension in a hip roof, must be made of steel. For this to puff wooden rafters suspended perpendicularly on clamps special wooden girders.

And already perpendicular to the runs are suspended wooden beams, after which beamless lightweight fillings are laid between them. Therefore, if you want to reduce the roof load on the hanging rafters or roof truss, you need to choose the design of the suspended ceiling.

For steel trusses, the suspended ceiling must be made fireproof, along steel beams. Between such beams should be laid prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs, and already on them - a light insulation. To increase the fire resistance and durability of such load-bearing structures, they must be made of reinforced concrete. Moreover, it is better to make the most reinforced concrete supporting structures from large-sized prefabricated panels so as not to take risks.

Stage IV. Installation of the ridge run

In calculating the ridge run, start from the following nuances:

If the building has capital longitudinal walls, or at least two rows of internal pillars, then two runs are made. At the same time, many truss structures along the length can be composite, and crossbars are used to increase rigidity.
If the building does not have internal supports, then sloping rafters cannot be made here. And therefore, special construction farms are used, to which attic floor just hangs up. In this case, the rods, which are located along the upper contour of the trusses, form the upper belt of the construction truss, and along the lower contour - already the lower belt. The truss lattice itself now forms vertical rods and braces - inclined rods that are located between the upper and lower chords. Moreover, such farms are not necessarily made only of wood, on the contrary, steel reinforced concrete is quite popular today. In the process of construction itself, farms are installed at a distance of 4-6 meters from each other. The simplest version of such farms is trussed, which consist of rafter legs, vertical suspension, headstock and puffs.
If the width of the building is large enough, construction trusses or trussed supports are used during installation. But then the attic floor cannot be covered with beams that will rest on the walls alone. Such a structure must be hung on steel clamps to the lower chord of the truss, or to a puff, in order to form, thus, suspended ceilings.

This photo illustration clearly shows how exactly the rafters need to be attached to the ridge and ridges:

Stage V. Installation of standard and diagonal rafters

So, the diagonal rafter legs rest directly on the ridge, depending on the following conditions:

If there is only one ridge run in the middle of the roof, then the diagonal leg must be stuffed on the run console. They are specially released for this purpose by 15 centimeters for a fake frame, and then they cut off the excess.
If there are two runs, then they need to install a trussed structure from a horizontal beam and a rack, and then fix the rafters themselves.
If the beam is strong at the same time, from a bar, and not from boards, then it makes sense to make a surf - a short board with a thickness of at least 5 centimeters. And the hip roof rafters are already supported on it.

In addition, for reliability, the rafters are fixed with a metal wire twisted several times.

On the ribs, the installation of ridge elements must be carried out in the same sequence as on a conventional roof ridge. Those. install the rib element with a closed end, put the ridge elements in the lock and fasten them mechanically. But at the intersection of the ribs and the ridge of the hip roof, it is customary to install Y-shaped ridge elements, although you can also use the initial and final ridge elements instead.

But only cut them along the contour when they are fixed on the edge, and mechanically fix the joints. Be sure to treat with a primer and mineral dressing from a standard repair kit. Also, when installing ridge elements, finally leave a gap on the ribs or ridges of a four-pitched roof to remove air from the under-roof space.

All the same principles must be observed when building a hipped roof of complex shape:

You will succeed!

Do-it-yourself hipped roof: device, types, how to do it yourself

We understand how a hipped roof is built with our own hands: types of structures, their features and the installation process of each subspecies. Step by step master classes.

Types of hipped roof DIY installation

Pitched roof structures are very often used in private homes. Their four-slope variety is ideal for tall buildings, since the roof looks more compact and neat without a massive gable. The design of the hipped roof contains many constituent elements. It can be both relatively simple and more complex due to dormers and dormer windows. But in the latter case, it looks more interesting and diverse.

Varieties

The hipped roof, in comparison with its gable counterpart, better resists wind loads, precipitation and protects the walls of the building well. Its design is more complex, but such a roof can be built independently on a small house or gazebo. In the photo on the network you can see how beautiful and harmonious the 4-pitched roof looks. She decorates like one-story houses and taller buildings.

Before you make a hipped roof with your own hands, you need to decide on its type. There are the following types of such systems:

The hip design incorporates two trapezoid-shaped slopes and two triangular slopes, called hips. The first two slopes are joined to each other in the ridge. During installation, the method of arranging layered rafters, as in a gable system, and sloping rafter legs from a 4-slope system, is used.
The half-hip design has the same structure, only the hip slopes are shortened. Under them is a pediment in which you can make big windows to illuminate the attic or attic floor without losing the strength of the roof.
You can also build hipped roofs with your own hands if you make four slopes in the shape of an isosceles triangle. They converge at one point.
The most difficult thing is to independently build a hipped roof of complex configuration with many valleys, gables, adjoining and attic windows. In this case, it is better to entrust the construction to specialists, since only they will be able to correctly calculate the structure, execute its plan, diagram and assemble it on the spot.

Attention! In addition to the supporting frame of the roof, it is necessary to decide on roofing, waterproofing and thermal insulation materials, because the different designs roofs and slope slopes require the use of different materials.

Constituent elements

Since the design of a hipped roof is practically the same as a gable roof system, it consists of the same constituent elements, but with the addition of some additional details. 4-pitched roof includes the following details:

Mauerlat. This wooden beam square or rectangular section, which is laid on top of the outer bearing walls on which the rafters will rest. It takes the entire load and distributes it evenly for transfer to the walls. Houses with a hipped roof are made with a Mauerlat section of 100x100 mm or 150x100 mm.
Beds are internal supporting elements that are laid on load-bearing walls inside the house or support. The material and cross section of the bed is the same as that of the Mauerlat.
Rafters are divided into sloping and side. The last of them form a trapezoidal slope, and the slanting ones are needed for hip slopes. In a hipped roof, side rafters are not used. The side rafters are assembled from a beam with a section of 5x15 cm, and the diagonal ones - 10x15 cm. The optimal pitch of the rafter system is 800-900 mm, but it can be less or more depending on the chosen roofing and roof design features.
Racks are needed to support the frame of the four-slope structure.
The ridge run is a horizontal element that simultaneously connects the rafters and serves as a support for them. The pitched design of the hipped roof does not have a ridge. It is better to make it from a bar with a section of 150x100 (50) mm.
Puffs - a horizontal element that connects paired side rafters, preventing them from moving apart. Material - board with a section of 5x15 cm.
Sprockets are shortened rafters that are attached to a diagonal leg. They are made from a board measuring 150x50 mm.
Struts are special struts that allow you to increase the strength and load-bearing capacity of the roof.
The filly is the elements that form the overhang of the roof and are attached to the rafters from below. It is made from a bar with a section of 120x50 mm.

When arranging a more complex 4-pitched roof, the drawing and structural diagram may contain other additional elements e.g. cornices, protective strips, additional battens, etc. In order to accurately calculate the required amount of material, it is necessary to make a sketch or drawing to scale, and carry out all the necessary calculations on it.

Important: the material of all the constituent elements of the roof is wood conifers not lower than grade 2 with humidity not more than 15%.

Mounting sequence

We will study how a hipped roof is made with our own hands using the example of the simplest hip design. The step-by-step process of installing the constituent elements of the roof looks like this:

To transfer and evenly distribute the load from the roof frame, snow and the roofing itself, Mauerlats are laid on the load-bearing walls. The beams are fixed to the enclosing structures by means of anchor studs, which are laid even at the stage of wall construction. If the house is built of wood, then the role of the Mauerlat is performed by the last crown of the log house. Mauerlat beam is necessarily protected from brick, concrete and stone walls by means of waterproofing. To do this, it is wrapped with two layers of roofing material.
Beds are laid on carriers internal walls. They are necessary where racks are provided in the truss system. If there are no internal load-bearing walls in the house or they are in the wrong place, then reinforced beams must be provided under the racks, which act as floors. As a rule, beams have a section of 20x5 cm, therefore load-bearing elements increase to a section of 20x10 cm.
After that, they begin to install racks on load-bearing beams or beds. Racks are leveled by level or plumb and temporarily fixed by means of supports made of boards. For reliable fixation of the rack, metal corners or steel plates are used. For a simple hip system, you'll need one row of poles centered just below the ridge. The step of the racks is not more than 2 m. When arranging a hipped roof, the racks must be installed under diagonal legs at the same distance from the corner of the house.
Next, runs are placed on the installed racks. In a conventional hip system, this run is a strong point. At the hipped roof, all the girders form a rectangle with a smaller perimeter than the house itself. All runs in this design are fastened with metal corners and self-tapping screws.
Now you can start installing the rafter legs. At the same time, the installation of side rafters in a simple hip system is performed in the following sequence:
- A board (150x25 mm) along the width of the rafters is applied to the ridge at the installation site of the extreme rack and a template is made. The upper cut is marked on it (the place by which the rafter leg will rest on the ridge) and cut out.
- Next, the template is applied to the ridge and the lower cut is cut out (the one with which the rafter element will rest on the Mauerlat beam).
- After that, the finished template is applied to the ridge at the installation site of the rafters and the need to fit for each rafter element is checked.
- The rafters are marked and a notch is cut out according to the template.
- Now the rafter legs can be installed and attached to the Mauerlat and the ridge beam. For fixing use metal corners and screws or staples.

For the manufacture of diagonal reinforced rafters, you can use two spliced boards of a conventional side rafter. A template for diagonal legs is done in the same way. The upper part of these elements rests on the rack, and the lower part rests on the corner part of the Mauerlat. That is why the cuts must be made at 45 degrees.
Next, sprigs are installed between the two diagonal rafters. The installation step of these elements is equal to the installation step of the rafters. The upper part of the narozhnik rests on a diagonal leg, the lower part - on the Mauerlat. Washed down on the top of the sprigs in half of the elements is done in a mirror image. The lower washed down is usually performed in place. After mounting the element, an overhang is formed, which is aligned with the stretched cord and cut.
The constructed truss system does not yet guarantee the reliability of the roof. Since the diagonal legs bear the maximum load, it is necessary to install additional racks under them - spregnels. They must rest on reinforced floor beams.
Braces are installed under the side rafter legs, which are supported by the lower edge on the bed or floor beam, and their upper edge should rest against the rafter at an angle of about 45 °.
Do-it-yourself hipped roof can be made with any roofing, for example, from ondulin, corrugated board, metal tiles, shingles. But it is worth remembering that under the soft coating you need to make a continuous crate of moisture-resistant plywood or OSB. If you are planning to do attic floor, then it is necessary to lay a heater between the rafters, and hem everything from below with a vapor barrier. If the attic is cold, then only the floors are insulated. Under roofing waterproofing is necessarily laid and a ventilation gap is made.

Hip roof: device and how to do it yourself

Varieties of hipped roofs for the house, device and structural elements. Do-it-yourself roof installation sequence.

Reading time ≈ 4 minutes

The hipped (four-pitched) roof gives the house an exquisite look. special design roofing allows you to additionally protect the building itself, its walls from moisture. Therefore, the construction of a roof with four slopes is optimal for regions with high rainfall and strong winds.

Stages of building a hipped roof

The first step in the construction of the roof is to determine the purpose of the roof (covers the attic floor, attic, etc.), the choice of roofing material (depending on this, a list of materials for construction will be determined), taking into account the atmospheric conditions of the place where the roof will be used (wind, rain , snow).

The choice of a hip roof will give the building greater resistance to rain and make it more durable (the rafter system is more reliable). The main difference between this type of roof and a gable roof is that instead of side gables, there are two triangular roof slopes in it.

When choosing the angle of inclination of the slopes, the level of precipitation and wind characteristics of the area should be taken into account. With small and medium average annual precipitation, it is recommended to choose an angle in the range of 4-40 degrees. With heavy snowfalls and prolonged rains, the recommended optimal angle of inclination of the slopes is in the range of 40-60 degrees.

Roofing material can be: rolled roofing, shingles or metal tiles.

Depending on all of the above nuances, the thickness and other parameters of the wooden component of the hipped roof will be selected.

The end result of the first stage is the creation of a scheme for the future roof, on the basis of which construction will be carried out.

Let's describe the further technology of how to make a hipped roof with your own hands.

The second stage is to build the foundation for the roof. The base is used to evenly distribute the load from the roof to the load-bearing walls. The construction of a hipped roof involves a base that can be built on your own - a wooden Mauerlat and a bed. Under the base to extend the life of the roof, waterproofing is necessary. A power plate is placed on the hydrobarrier along the outer contour of the building (the size of this beam varies, either 100x150 mm, or 50x150 mm.).

Beds - a beam located in the plane of the base of the truss system at the same distance from the two side Mauerlats. It serves as a supporting element for struts and racks, so it is laid on load-bearing partitions (see drawings of a hipped roof). Large roof structures may include several beds.

The third stage is the direct installation of the roof frame (bases, rafters, crate).

Structurally, the construction of the roof in the house with or without existing floors is different (in this case, there is no need to lay the floor beams on which the supports will be installed).

The installation of racks (vertical supports of the roof frame) should be approached with great care. It is necessary to accurately maintain the installation angle (90 degrees). At the slightest deviation, further deformation of the roof is possible. Rack mounting step - up to two meters.

The device of the hipped roof of the house consists of four planes (slopes). Two trapezoidal and two triangular. Trapezoidal slopes will be formed by side rafters, hip (triangular slopes) - by diagonal (diagonal) rafters.

The emphasis of the rafters at the top of the frame is carried out in a ridge beam (run). This beam goes over uprights(groove connection with racks is possible). The distance between the rafters is from 50 to 150 cm (according to the roof plan). The recommended width of the rafter board is 150 mm.

The frame is fastened with the help of corners and steel plates with self-tapping screws (nails). To strengthen the resulting structure, diagonal supports, struts, wind beams are used. They allow you to increase permissible load systems.

Waterproofing is laid on top of the rafters. Then a counter-lattice is made (bars that are attached to the rafters on top of the waterproofing). It is needed to create ventilation duct between roofing material, lathing and waterproofing. This will quickly and effectively remove moisture. Next, the lathing is performed - horizontal boards are attached from the bottom to the very top to the counter-lattice (see the diagram of the four-pitched roof).

The last step is the installation of roofing material. Installation is carried out depending on the parameters of the material. Example.

Do-it-yourself hipped roof: drawings and photos below.

How a pitched roof is installed

Drawing plan of the truss system

Installation of lathing, vapor barrier, waterproofing

The arrangement of different layers of a hipped roof requires careful attention to each stage of work.

Each stacked layer has its own function, all layers together form a single system which provides protection for the structure.

Laying the crate

crate - wooden structure, consisting of bars located across the rafter legs. The optimal section of the lathing bars is 50x50 mm.

Before installation, the boards of the battens require treatment with antiseptic agents..

The crate is mounted either in a continuous layer or in steps of 100-150 mm (depending on the external coating).

Fasten the crate with nails.

Lathing installation

Vapor barrier installation

A vapor barrier film is installed in order to to prevent moisture from entering the thermal insulation layer. The vapor barrier film is attached to the boards of the crate with an overlapping stapler. Places of overlap are sealed with adhesive tape.

In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the film fits snugly against the boards. In places where pipes or windows are installed, rubber or polyurethane adhesive tapes can be used.

CAREFULLY!

The vapor barrier material should not go around the boards of the battens in order to prevent the formation of places for the accumulation of water.

Water vapor has a high penetrating power, so installation of vapor barrier is a very important stage of work.

Vapor barrier installation

Installation of waterproofing

After installing the insulation, waterproofing is laid. Waterproofing does not allow moisture accumulated in the under-roof space to enter the roofing pie. As well as thermal insulation film, waterproofing is overlapped and the joints are glued.

It is especially important to correctly lay the film in the ridge part.. The ridge area is most prone to accumulation of condensate vapors.

The importance of each stage in the installation of the roof of a hip roof cannot be underestimated, and even more so, the installation of any element should not be abandoned.

Installation of waterproofing

Hip roofs are considered the most durable and durable. They were installed more than a hundred years ago, and such designs have proven to be reliable and durable.

Despite the complexity of the design, you can install it yourself, the main thing is to carry out step by step in a clear sequence each stage of work and choose a quality, reliable material, because the roof should protect the house for more than a dozen years.

Useful video

In this video you will learn how to build hip roof do it yourself:

In contact with

The hipped roof, in comparison with its gable counterpart, better resists wind loads, precipitation and protects the walls of the building well. Its design is more complex, but such a roof can be built independently on a small house or gazebo. In the photo on the network you can see how beautiful and harmonious the 4-pitched roof looks. It decorates both one-story houses and higher buildings.

Before you make a hipped roof with your own hands, you need to decide on its type. There are the following types of such systems:

hip design has in its composition two slopes of a trapezoidal shape and two triangular slopes, called hips. The first two slopes are joined to each other in the ridge. During installation, the method of arranging layered rafters, as in a gable system, and sloping rafter legs from a 4-slope system, is used.
Half hip design has the same structure, only the hip slopes are shortened. Under them is a pediment, in which you can make large windows to illuminate the attic or attic floor without losing the strength of the roof.
You can also build hipped roofs with your own hands if you make four slopes in the shape of an isosceles triangle. They converge at one point.
Hardest to build yourself hipped roof complex configuration with many valleys, gables, junctions and attic windows. In this case, it is better to entrust the construction to specialists, since only they will be able to correctly calculate the structure, execute its plan, diagram and assemble it on the spot.

Attention! In addition to the supporting frame of the roof, it is necessary to decide on roofing, waterproofing and thermal insulation materials, since different roof designs and slope slopes require the use of different materials.

Constituent elements

Mauerlat. This is a wooden beam of square or rectangular section, which is laid on top of the external load-bearing walls on which the rafters will rest. It takes the entire load and distributes it evenly for transfer to the walls. Houses with a hipped roof are made with a Mauerlat section of 100x100 mm or 150x100 mm.
Beds are internal supporting elements that are laid on load-bearing walls inside the house or support. The material and cross section of the bed is the same as that of the Mauerlat.
Rafters are divided into sloping and side. The last of them form a trapezoidal slope, and the slanting ones are needed for hip slopes. In a hipped roof, side rafters are not used. The side rafters are assembled from a beam with a section of 5x15 cm, and the diagonal ones - 10x15 cm. The optimal pitch of the rafter system is 800-900 mm, but it can be less or more depending on the chosen roofing and roof design features.
Racks are needed to support the frame of the four-slope structure.
Skate run- a horizontal element that simultaneously connects the rafters and serves as a support for them. The pitched design of the hipped roof does not have a ridge. It is better to make it from a bar with a section of 150x100 (50) mm.
Puffs - a horizontal element that connects paired side rafters, preventing them from moving apart. Material - board with a section of 5x15 cm.
Sprockets are shortened rafters that are attached to a diagonal leg. They are made from a board measuring 150x50 mm.
Struts are special struts that allow you to increase the strength and load-bearing capacity of the roof.
The filly is the elements that form the overhang of the roof and are attached to the rafters from below. It is made from a bar with a section of 120x50 mm.

When arranging a more complex 4-pitched roof, the drawing and structural diagram may contain other additional elements, for example, cornices, protective strips, additional lathing, etc. In order to accurately calculate the required amount of material, it is necessary to make a sketch or drawing to scale, and carry out all the necessary calculations on it.

Important: the material of all the constituent elements of the roof is coniferous wood of at least grade 2 with a moisture content of not more than 15%.

Mounting sequence

We will study how a hipped roof is made with our own hands using the example of the simplest hip design. The step-by-step process of installing the constituent elements of the roof looks like this:

To transfer and evenly distribute the load from the roof frame, snow and the roofing itself, Mauerlats are laid on the load-bearing walls. The beams are fixed to the enclosing structures by means of anchor studs, which are laid even at the stage of wall construction. If the house is built of wood, then the role of the Mauerlat is performed by the last crown of the log house. Mauerlat beam is necessarily protected from brick, concrete and stone walls by means of waterproofing. To do this, it is wrapped with two layers of roofing material.
Beds are laid on load-bearing internal walls. They are necessary where racks are provided in the truss system. If there are no internal load-bearing walls in the house or they are in the wrong place, then reinforced beams must be provided under the racks, which act as floors. As a rule, beams have a section of 20x5 cm, so the bearing elements are increased to a section of 20x10 cm.
After that, they begin to install racks on load-bearing beams or beds. Racks are leveled by level or plumb and temporarily fixed by means of supports made of boards. For reliable fixation of the rack, metal corners or steel plates are used. For a simple hip system, you'll need one row of poles centered just below the ridge. The step of the racks is not more than 2 m. When arranging a hipped roof, the racks must be installed under diagonal legs at the same distance from the corner of the house.
Next, runs are placed on the installed racks. In a conventional hip system, this run is a strong point. At the hipped roof, all the girders form a rectangle with a smaller perimeter than the house itself. All runs in this design are fastened with metal corners and self-tapping screws.
Now you can start installing the rafter legs. At the same time, the installation of side rafters in a simple hip system is performed in the following sequence:

A board (150x25 mm) along the width of the rafters is applied to the ridge at the installation site of the extreme rack and a template is made. The upper cut is marked on it (the place by which the rafter leg will rest on the ridge) and cut out.
Next, the template is applied to the ridge and the lower cut is cut out (the one with which the rafter element will rest on the Mauerlat beam).
After that, the finished template is applied to the ridge at the installation site of the rafters and the need to fit for each rafter element is checked.
The rafters are marked and a notch is cut out according to the template.
Now the rafter legs can be installed and attached to the Mauerlat and the ridge beam. For fixing use metal corners and screws or staples.

You can learn more about the installation of a hipped roof truss system from the proposed video:

For the manufacture of diagonal reinforced rafters, you can use two spliced boards of a conventional side rafter. A template for diagonal legs is done in the same way. The upper part of these elements rests on the rack, and the lower part rests on the corner part of the Mauerlat. That is why the cuts must be made at 45 degrees.
Next, sprigs are installed between the two diagonal rafters. The installation step of these elements is equal to the installation step of the rafters. The upper part of the narozhnik rests on a diagonal leg, the lower part - on the Mauerlat. Washed down on the top of the sprigs in half of the elements is done in a mirror image. The lower washed down is usually performed in place. After mounting the element, an overhang is formed, which is aligned with the stretched cord and cut.
The constructed truss system does not yet guarantee the reliability of the roof. Since the diagonal legs bear the maximum load, it is necessary to install additional racks under them - spregnels. They must rest on reinforced floor beams.
Braces are installed under the side rafter legs, which are supported by the lower edge on the bed or floor beam, and their upper edge should rest against the rafter at an angle of about 45 °.
Do-it-yourself hipped roof can be made with any roofing, for example, from ondulin, corrugated board, metal tiles, flexible tiles. But it is worth remembering that under the soft coating you need to make a continuous crate of moisture-resistant plywood or OSB. If you plan to make an attic floor, then it is necessary to lay a heater between the rafters, and hem everything from below with a vapor barrier. If the attic is cold, then only the floors are insulated. Waterproofing is necessarily laid under the roofing and a ventilation gap is made.