Requirements for the design of stairs snip. SNiP stairs in residential buildings - safety standards. Entrances for people with reduced mobility

A staircase is a high-risk area, therefore, when designing it, it is necessary to pay special attention to a number of issues to reduce this risk to a minimum.

The slope and width of the flights of stairs, the height of the steps, the width of the treads, the width of the landings, the height of the passages on the stairs should provide convenience And safety movement and the ability to move items of building equipment.

Stairs must be durable, meet sanitary and fire safety requirements, match the style of the building and ………………………

Number of lifts in one flight between landings (with the exception of curvilinear auxiliary stairs) there must be at least 3 and no more than 16. In single-flight stairs, as well as in one flight of two- and three-flight stairs within the first floor, no more than 18 rises are allowed.

Application of stairs with different step heights is not allowed.

Landing Width must be at least the width of the march and at least 1 m.

Width of flights of stairs in public buildings must be at least: 1.35 m - for buildings with more than 200 people staying on the most populated floor; 1.2 m - for buildings leading to premises that are not related to the stay of spectators and visitors in them; 0.9 m - in buildings leading to a room with no more than 5 people in it at the same time.

The slope of the marches stairs in the above-ground floors of public buildings should be taken no more than 1:2; for stairs leading to basements and ground floors, in the attic it is allowed to take a slope of 1: 1.5.

The smallest width and the largest slope of flights of stairs residential buildings taken according to the table.

Slopes and width of flights of stairs of residential buildings

Between two marches or between a march and a ceiling there must be a distance of at least 2 m vertically to ensure free movement of an adult.

Guardrail height stairs should be sufficient to prevent falls and be at least 0.9 m. Fencing should be continuous, equipped with handrails and designed to withstand loads of at least 0.3-1.0 kN/m (30-100 kgf/m) depending from the purpose of the building.

Stairwells are designed with natural light through openings in the outer walls (except for basement stairs). The first and last steps should be especially brightly illuminated. It is good if the treads and risers are contrasted to make their border clearly visible, since most injuries occur due to the foot slipping off the edge of the step. In some cases, it is convenient to use an automated system that turns on artificial lighting for a short time, sufficient to go up or down the stairs.

Provide for escape routes spiral staircases and winders are not recommended. When constructing curved front stairs, the width of the steps in the narrow part must be at least 22 cm, and for service stairs - at least 12 cm.

One of the internal stairs in buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance up to 9 floors high can be open to the entire height of the building, provided that the room where it is located is separated from the corridors and other rooms adjacent to it by fire partitions.

In buildings of I-III degrees of fire resistance, the internal staircase from the lobby to the second floor can be open if the lobby is separated from the corridors and other rooms by fire partitions with ordinary doors.

Components of stairs. The main elements of the stairs are stair steps, which allow you to achieve the main goal - vertical movement. The first in the flight of stairs is input, or starting point, step; intermediate steps are located between the starting and day off(final) steps; the output stage is adjacent to the site of the opposite (receiving) level.

According to the shape in the plan, stair steps are distinguished: straight (rectangular), beveled, wedge-shaped (winder) and arched.

Forms of stairs in the plan:

According to the shape of the vertical section, stair steps can be:

Flat solid (closed);

Profiled solid (closed);

Through (open).

Types of steps and their elements:

1 - tread; 2 - misdemeanor; b - tread width; h is the height of the tread.

The upper horizontal platform of the stair step ( work surface) are called tread. The level difference between the horizontal platforms of the steps (treads) is called misbehavior.

Depending on the structural and static characteristics of the stairs, their steps may have various options supports, the main of which are:

Embedding in an inclined slab (monolithic version);

Embedding in the stringer (mounted version);

Leaning on the kosour;

Closing in the bowstring (monolithic version);

Leaning on a bowstring;

Leaning on the wall from above;

Leaning on the wall from the side;

Embedding in the wall;

Suspension (to handrails, ceilings, walls).

Rice. Support options for stair steps: a - embedding in an inclined slab (monolithic-concrete version); b - embedding in the stringer (monolithic-concrete version); in - leaning on the kosour; g - embedding in a bowstring (monolithic-concrete version); d - leaning on a bowstring; e - leaning on the wall from above; g - leaning on the wall from the side; h - leaning on the rack; and - embedding into the wall; k - suspension (to handrails, ceilings, walls); l - one side is free from support.

At the same time, each step can be supported along its entire length (for example, on a slab with a monolithic concrete version), only on one side (with a cantilever solution embedded in a wall or pole, supported on a rack); in most cases, the steps are supported on two sides or, with a large width, on three supports (on walls, on stringers).

A continuous series of stairs is called flight of stairs. Depending on the configuration in the plan, straight and curvilinear (oblique) marches are distinguished. Multi-flight stairs, in accordance with the semantic meaning of their names, have starting(initial), intermediate And weekend(end) marches.

The size of the width of the treads of the stairs is determined (measured) by travel lines- the line along which they ascend or descend the stairs. travel line flight of stairs is imaginary and runs in the middle of the march for straight stairs. In the case of marches with a curved or broken guide, in which the edges of the steps are not parallel, it runs at a distance of 25-35 cm (on average 30 cm) from the outer edge of the usable (working) width of the flight of stairs. The size of 25-35 cm is taken from practice - this distance is involuntarily observed by the user of the stairs. It follows from this that in order for the movement on the stairs to be convenient and safe, the overall width of any staircase must be at least 60 cm.

The width of the tread as a supporting surface for the foot is constant for stairs with straight flights; for stairs with curved flights (spiral) it is minimal near the central axis and maximal at the outer perimeter. For spiral staircases, the width of the tread must be at least 100 mm at a distance of 150 mm from the edge of the step (or from the post).

A horizontal connecting section included between flights of stairs is called landing. Distinguish starting And weekend(terminal) landings - their levels coincide with the levels of the floors (floor landings), as well as intermediate(interfloor) landings. Intermediate landings are arranged for the convenience of walking up stairs with a large number of steps (more than 15-18), as well as in places where the stairs turn.

cage stairs (staircase) is the room where the stairs are located.

Cheeks stairs are called imaginary or real surfaces that limit it on both sides (outer and inner cheeks). A staircase whose outer cheeks are not limited to walls is called open.

Kosour- an inclined beam between the landings of the stairs, designed to support the steps from above. Repeating the geometry of the stairs, the stringer can be straight or curvilinear.

bowstring- an inclined beam between the platforms, located in the plane of the cheeks of the stairs and serving to support the ends of the steps.

Along the edges of marches and landings, in order to ensure the safety of movement and being on them, railings (railings) or parapets 90-120 cm high. On the railing on a solid or through parapet, on the walls that limit the stairs, it is necessary to install handrails for moving hands.

The considered components on the example of a two-flight ladder are shown in fig. 12.6.

Geometric calculation of the stairs. The most comfortable is a mid-flight staircase with an angle of inclination of 25-35 and a width of about 1 m. The steeper the staircase, the less space it takes, but the less convenient it is to use.

Stairs should be comfortable to climb them without much effort. The width of the tread and the height of the riser must correspond to the width of a human step There is a rule: twice the height of the riser 2h and tread width b in total they should equal 60-65 cm - the average width of a person's step. For example, if the height of the riser is 16 cm, then the width of the tread should be 28-33 cm.

steps (risers). It should be borne in mind that this division must occur without a trace so that all steps have the same height (Fig. 19.9).

materials. For the manufacture of stairs, various materials are used: different types of wood, metals, concrete, natural stones (granite, marble, etc.), different types of glass, plastics, ceramics, as well as combinations of these materials.

Wood- the most traditional and common material for the manufacture of stairs of any design and design. In many cases, this is the only possible and available material. Flaw wooden stairs- insecurity in case of fire, unsuitability for use in stairwells of multi-storey buildings.

Wood is used both for the manufacture of load-bearing structures of stairs, and for decoration. Soft woods (pine, larch), semi-hard (birch) and hard (oak, beech, maple, cedar, ash, etc.) are used. Finishing can be made from exotic woods - walnut, teak, cherry, cypress, mahogany, mahogany, etc.

Rice. 12.6 Two-flight staircase (section and plan) and its components: 1 - the length of the staircase; 2 - the width of the stairs (staircase); 3 - the internal height of the staircase; 4 - the smallest internal height; 5 - overall height of the stairs; 6 - height of the level (floor); 7 - internal height; 8 - the width of the initial (starting) level; 9 - the width of the oncoming (receiving) level (landing); 10 - useful (working) width of the landing; 11 - the length of the flight of stairs; 12 - direction of ascent (stairs); 13 - clearance between marches; 14 - useful (working) width of the flight of stairs; 15 - step width (stair step); 16 - tread width; 17 - riser; 18 - initial (starting) level; 19 - intermediate level; 20 - counter (receiving) level; 21 - intermediate (interfloor) landing; 22 - flight of stairs; 23 - starting stair step; 24 - output (final) stair step; 25 - intermediate ladder step; 26 - handrail (railing).

In modern staircase solutions, not only solid (solid) wood is widely used, but also glued from boards or thick veneer with different fiber arrangements to compensate for possible deformations when the temperature and humidity conditions in the room change. Glued wood is used for the manufacture of stringers, bowstrings, steps, railings - both straight and curved. Many architectural and structural solutions are implemented on the basis of a combination of wood with other materials, primarily with metals and glass.

Metal stairs, thanks to the latest technologies, can be not only durable and functionally convenient structures, but also aesthetically perfect, worthy of use in any modern interior - straight, curved, spiral, etc.

Rice. 12.7 Scheme of geometric construction and calculation of a two-flight staircase: 1 - generatrix of the march; 2 - march profile; 3 - levels of floor areas; b - tread width; h is the height of the riser; n is the number of lifts (steps); H - floor height; L is the length of the stairs; B - the width of the stairs (the length of the landing); E - march width; C - the width of the gap between marches; D - the width of the landing; A - the length of the flight of stairs in the plan (laying the march).

Metal parts can be pickled or galvanized, stamped or forged, glossy or matte, chrome or gold plated. Modern technologies are applied: polishing of stainless steel; powder spraying; artificial aging - for example, patina is applied to brass products. All-welded handrails can significantly strengthen the structure of the stairs, creating the impression of lightness due to openwork.

The use of steel for the manufacture of stringers and bowstrings is widespread, to which steps from any other materials can be attached.

A variety of modular spiral staircases have been developed that can be adapted to rooms with different stair openings. Versatility is achieved through the use of a special mechanism - distance rings, which allow you to change the height of steps and stairs.

Stair railings in many cases are designed from metal, even if the stairs themselves are wooden, concrete or with glass or ceramic (lined) steps.

Stairs from concrete and reinforced concrete are widely used in mass housing and industrial construction. Elements of such stairs are manufactured in the factory in compliance with the conditions of reinforcement, preparation, laying and steaming of concrete.

Concrete stairs, manufactured in the conditions of a construction site, are used as outdoor stairs, using the natural terrain, or on bulk compacted soil.

To improve their aesthetic appearance, reinforced concrete stairs can be faced with various products - marble slabs, polished granite, mosaic glass tiles, ceramics, etc.

Stone for steps, only mined in a quarry is used, not in an explosive way, but by drilling blocks and then sawn. Marble is used only indoors, and granite is also used for outdoor stairs. To increase the bearing capacity of stone steps, they are reinforced using a special technology with the insertion of reinforcing bars (pasting). Since natural stone is a rather slippery material, the steps are equipped with special anti-slip elements.

Ceramic tile- an excellent material for facing stairs. Ceramic products various types are produced: tiles-steps, cornices (ceramic corners), risers, skirting boards. Tiles for stairs are necessarily made with special anti-slip elements (thresholds), thanks to which the ascent and descent of the stairs become safe. Steps can also be with strips of abrasive material, which is applied to the tile by spraying.

For facing outdoor stairs and stairs for the mass movement of people, durable and diverse in color tiles are used. ceramic granite.

Stairs with steps glass And transparent plastic can be used in both residential and public buildings. Various types of glass are used: laminated, satin, screen-printed, transparent plastic - hexane.

Combined stairs - the achievement of modern technology. Their design combines different materials and design principles to give the staircase an unusual quality. The combination of materials from which the staircase is designed can be different. Stringers are made of reinforced concrete, steel, wood; steps - stone, glass, in concrete shells; fencing - metal, wood, glass, plastic. Various details of the stairs can be polished, painted, subjected to special types of processing.

The combination of designs, materials and finishes provides maximum freedom of creative expression, making it possible to obtain a unique staircase. Combined stairs fit into any architectural and artistic environment, with their help complex architectural problems are solved.

Main factors affecting design choice stairs and its materials are:

Floors of the building;

Planning structure of the building;

Type of supporting structures of the building;

The value of the level difference;

The size of the area to accommodate the structure;

Type and intensity of traffic;

aesthetic requirements;

Fire regulations.

According to modern trends, everything in the civilized world must fit into the norms and rules invented for the convenience and safety of life. Stairs are no exception.

In the design process, it is very important to take into account factors such as:

- width of steps and march;

- the angle of inclination of the steps;

- the height of the stairs according to SNiP.

All requirements for building structures are set out in the "Construction Norms and Rules". Next, we consider the numerical indicators of key factors and indicate the reasons for their appointment, the information necessary for independent calculation and design.

Standards and norms of SNiP

From the time the first stairs were created, builders have known the rule that guarantees success. To ensure comfortable movement, it is necessary to maintain a harmonious ratio of forward travel distances and ascent / descent height. These two quantities are expressed by the vertical distance between the surfaces of adjacent steps (x) and the distance between their edges (y). The ideal formula, derived in the 17th century by Blondel, is: 2x + y \u003d 60-66 sm . Two more formulas grew out of it: the safety formula, according to which x+y=46, and the convenience formula: y-x=12 .

Today, the science of construction has advanced far ahead, and there are an order of magnitude more rules. Modern people attach much more importance to matters of personal safety. Actually, the previously mentioned norms of SNiP, although they left some room for imagination, still have a list of requirements that must be followed strictly.

To avoid administrative violations and other problems, follow this list:

1. If the building has more than two floors, there should be one large span.
2. Convertible stairs should only be used to access the attic or basement.
3. The width of the flight of stairs should be from 80 cm to 1 meter 20 centimeters for the passage of one person. It is important to observe this width throughout the entire length of the stairs.
4. One march should fit from 3 to 18 steps, in public places- from 3 to 16. An odd number of steps is welcome, this will allow you to start and complete the ascent / descent from the same foot.
5. The angle on the rise must be at least 26 and not more than 45 degrees.
6. Height of stairs: 150-200 mm. The norms allow a difference within one march up to 5 mm.
7. The width of the step is 250 mm, not less. For attic and basements the lower limit is 200 mm.
8. The value of the protrusion - no more than 30 mm.
9. Landings according to SNiP must correspond in width to the steps, but if two marches adjoin at once - at least 1.3 m. A distance of 1 m must be maintained from the door to the step. In the event that the doors swing open outward, it should be calculated based on the width of the door .
10. The height of the railing should reach 900 mm, on the balustrade it can be adjusted up to 1100 mm. Between balusters it is desirable to leave a gap of 100-150 mm, especially in homes where there are children.

Design Key Points

When choosing a type, it is necessary to take into account the requirements that will be put forward by the customer. For example, what type of movement will be carried out, the loads that the structure will be subjected to, the technologies applied and design solutions. It is important to consider the amount of space that can be allocated under the stairs and the places suitable for placing supports.

Often the customer remembers the need to build a staircase after the main work has been completed. This puts severe design constraints and at times forces you to choose less economical or aesthetic options. Ideally, its design should be developed along with the design of the building itself.

Since stairs are a high-risk area, the designer must take into account safety issues. Select a suitable stair step height as described in the regulations and indicated above. Most often, it is non-compliance with standards that causes many injuries. When designing stair handrails and handrails, consideration must be given to the weight they must support. It is advisable to take into account 100 kg of weight so that an adult can lean on, insure and not fail the railing.

And finally - the critical height of the ladder structure. The gap between the ceiling and the stairs is 1.95 m, preferably 2 m. The same dimensions apply to the stairwell.

Advice:

It is important to consider the material from which the steps are made. If their surface is smooth and slippery, it is advisable to fix the carpet.

Rugs will perform not only a braking, insuring role, but also aesthetic and soundproofing. Great option for home stairs.

Measurements and materials during construction

For measurements, provided that the stairs will have to be done already during the period finishing works, you will need a level, a tape measure, and another pair of hands. It's a good idea to get a long straight rail and square.

To check the perpendicularity of the walls, we use a square. We measure the height of the ceiling, the thickness of the ceiling, after taking measurements on graph paper, a plan and a section of the room are drawn, on which not only measurements of the floor and openings, but also doors, windows, etc. should be displayed.

A good engineer must also be a good economist, in the sense that his work should not incur unnecessary costs. When creating a sketch of a staircase, it is worth considering that Standard products made of wood is much cheaper than custom-made ones, so it’s better to try to design interesting design using cheaper materials. The production of standard stair parts is a widespread practice, mainly they are created for firms involved in the installation of stairs.

In the USA, for example, the practice of creating stairs on their own is so widespread that firms that create standard elements have shifted their focus to individuals. In Russia, the standard of blanks for different companies is similar. Big details it is advisable to order in assembled form, since the possibilities for choosing may be limited based on the size of the transport for transportation. The quality of the base tree directly depends on the operating conditions.

Evacuation rules for stairwells

The main task of building codes in the event of an evacuation is to ensure fire safety and facilitating the rapid and competent evacuation of personnel. Now a few words about evacuation by stairs and stairwells.

On the stairs for evacuation, the width of the march must match and in no case be less than the width of the doorway. The slope is one to one, the width and height of the steps of the stairs according to GOST are 25 and 22 cm, respectively.

It is unacceptable to place pipelines with gases, built-in cabinets, with the exception of communication cabinets, and installation of equipment protruding more than 2.2 m above the ledges of steps on staircases. It is allowed to have no more than two elevator cabins. Staircases must have access to the adjacent territory directly or through the lobby and light openings of at least 1.2 square meters.

We hope that our article will be useful to you in the independent design of stairs. We tried to present the material in the most understandable format. Good luck on the construction front. Remember, only by linking the design of the staircase into the overall picture with the constructive, aesthetic and planning solutions of the entire building, you can achieve good result, build durable, practical, aesthetic and cost-effective.

The video below will show you how to calculate step dimensions in AutoCad.

Read more

Requirements for structures in construction, incl. and “Building Norms and Rules” (SNiP) are installed to the stairs. In specialized literature, there is a selection of these documents that is relevant for the design of stairs.

You can easily find documents in full through a web search.

Fundamental is SNiP 21-01-97 " Fire safety buildings and structures".

6.28. In the floor on the evacuation routes, height differences are not allowed less than 45 cm and protrusions, with the exception of thresholds in doorways. In places of height difference, stairs with at least three steps or ramps with a slope should be provided. no more than 1:6. With ladder heights over 45 cm handrails should be provided.

On evacuation routes, it is not allowed to install spiral staircases, stairs wholly or partially curved in plan, as well as winder and curved steps, steps with different tread widths and different heights within the flight of stairs and the staircase.

6.29. The width of the flight of stairs intended for the evacuation of people, including those located in the stairwell, must be not less than the calculated one or not less than the width of any evacuation exit (door) on it, but, as a rule, not less than:

A) 1.35 m- for class buildings F1.1 (preschool educational institutions, nursing homes and disabled people, hospitals);

b) 1.2 m- for buildings with the number of people on any floor other than the first, more than 200 people.;

V) 0.7 m- for stairs leading to single workstations;

G) 0.9 m- for all other cases.

6.30. The slope of the stairs on the escape routes should, as a rule, be no more than 1:1 ; tread width - usually not less than 25 cm, and the height of the step - no more 22 cm.

The slope of open stairs for passage to single workplaces can be increased up to 2:1.

It is allowed to reduce the width of the tread of curvilinear front stairs in the narrow part up to 22 cm; the width of the tread of stairs leading only to rooms (except for rooms F5 class categories A And B) with a total number of jobs not more than 15 people. - before 12 cm. (F5 - buildings for industrial or warehouse purposes).

6.31. The width of the landings must be at least the width of the march, and in front of the entrances to the elevators with swing doors - not less than the sum of the width of the march and half the width of the elevator door, but not less than 1.6 m. Intermediate platforms in a straight flight of stairs must have a length of at least 1m.

Doors leading to the staircase, in the open position, should not reduce the estimated width of landings and flights.

6.32. It is not allowed to place pipelines with flammable gases and liquids in stairwells, built-in cabinets, except for cabinets for communications and fire hydrants, openly laid electrical cables and wires ( excluding wiring for low current devices) to illuminate corridors and staircases, provide exits from freight elevators and freight elevators, as well as place equipment protruding from the plane of the walls at a height up to 2.2 m from the surface of treads and landings of stairs.

8.9. Between the flights of stairs and between the handrails of the railings of the flights of stairs, a gap should be provided with a width in plan in the light not less than 75 mm.

The second regulatory document for the construction of stairs will be SNiP 31-02-2001 "Single-apartment residential houses".

6.7. In houses with a height of two floors, it is allowed to use internal open stairs as evacuation stairs ( 2nd type according to SNiP21-01), as well as spiral staircases and staircases with winder steps. Fire resistance limit and class fire hazard elements of the stairs, as well as its width and slope are not regulated.

7.3. The height of the railings of stairs, balconies, loggias, terraces, roofs and other places where there are dangerous height differences must be sufficient to prevent falls and be not less than 0.9 m.

Fencing must be continuous, equipped with handrails and designed to withstand loads. not less than 0.3 kN/m.

The allowable load on the ladder is determined by SNiP 2.01.07-85 with changes 2003 of the year.

3.10. load-bearing elements ceilings, roofs, stairs and balconies (loggias) must be checked for a concentrated vertical load applied to the element, in an unfavorable position on a square area with sides no more than 10 cm(in the absence of other temporary loads).

If the construction task, based on technological solutions, does not provide for higher standard values ​​of concentrated loads, they should be taken equal to:

A) For ceilings and stairs - 1.5 kN (150 kgf);

b) For attic floors, coverings, terraces and balconies - 1.0 kN (100 kgf);

V) For pavements on which you can only move with the help of ladders and bridges - 0.5 kN (50 kgf).

Elements designed for possible local loads from equipment and equipment during construction and operation Vehicle, it is allowed not to check for the specified concentrated load.

3.11. The normative values ​​of horizontal loads on the handrails of the railings of stairs and balconies should be taken equal to:

A) For residential buildings, preschool institutions, rest homes, sanatoriums, hospitals and other medical institutions - 0.3 kN/m (30 kgf/m);

b) For stands and sports halls - 1.5 kN/m (150 kgf/m);

V) For other buildings and premises in the absence of special requirements - 0.8 kN/m (80 kgf/m).

It is very important when designing and building stairs to take into account the created rules. Must comply correct distance to move forward.

You also need to observe the height for the descent, as well as the ascent. You can calculate the ratio correctly using two main parameters. In centimeters, the distance between the steps, and between their edges, is calculated. The formula for a secure ladder gives us forty-five degrees.

There are some more rules. If the building has more than two floors, there must be flights of stairs, moreover, they must be much larger. Movable type ladders can only be used for attics or basements. The width of the spans must be the same. One span can have from three to seventeen degrees, the number is odd.

As already mentioned, the climb angle is ideal if it is forty-five degrees. But the minimum limit is twenty-six degrees. According to GOST, the height of the degree should be from one hundred and fifty to two hundred millimeters. The steps must be the same height in the span. The difference is possible only within five millimeters. The width of the steps must be at least two hundred and fifty millimeters. If we are talking about a basement, or an attic, a number of two hundred millimeters is acceptable.

The protrusion of the step should not exceed thirty millimeters. From the step to the door there should be a space of at least one meter. The platform on the stairs is at least 1.3 meters. Stair railing must be at least nine hundred millimeters high.

SNIP norms

There are some rules for safety. It is very important to follow all the rules. This guarantees convenient, safe use of the ladder structure in the future. According to SNIP, it is necessary to carry out calculations accordingly. It is necessary to take into account all the factors that can affect the design, its reliability, as well as functional qualities. Also very important is the type of stairs, its style.

And it is also worth considering the loads that can be carried out during operation. Moreover, it is very important to think about how old people will use the stairs, and whether they will be comfortable doing so. Think about whether it will be safe for children to walk up this ladder.

So, consider the main requirements for creating a staircase. It is necessary to plan this design in all details at the time of design, and even the preparation of all necessary documentation. To design a structure, you need to determine where it will be located, what is the height of a certain room, what is the area of ​​\u200b\u200bfree space, and what will be the maximum loads on it.

Now you can choose the materials for the design that will be needed in the process. The most important thing we need to do now. We make the necessary calculations.

This is what we do before we get started. construction works. In the technical documentation for the project of the whole house, all dimensions of future stair structures should be indicated.

Only when the entire project is finally approved and approved, you can proceed with the installation work.

Stair calculations must be made in such a way as to exclude future damage that may simply stop the operation of the structure. Also, in the future, no cracks or deformations should occur that could affect the safety of the inhabitants of the house, and users of the stairs. According to the norms of SNIP, stairs that are located in residential premises must have a certain width.

It should not be less than 0.9 meters. Exactly the same requirements are provided for basements and basements.

If the building is sectional, then flights of stairs have completely different parameters. In this case, the width of the march cannot be less than one meter. According to SNIP, the width of the march should be at least a little more than one meter. It is important to note that the width of the march is the distance between the fence and the wall, or railing. According to generally accepted standards, if there are differences in floor levels, then the staircase will have at least three steps. The march between floors will be no more than eighteen climbs. An exception can only be in the case of a spiral staircase.

It is very important what will be the height from the step to the ceiling itself. The height should be at least one hundred ninety, two hundred meters. If the distance is less, then it will cause inconvenience while moving up the stairs.

Step size standards

There are certain rules and regulations that must be followed during construction and finishing work. They differ depending on the purpose of the room. These standards also apply to the design of stair structures. The safety of users largely depends on compliance with these standards.

The staircase is a complex architectural, design construction. The rules that are established for its design can be adjusted in case of special planning specifics. One of the most important standards is that the angle of inclination should not exceed forty-five degrees.

This is very important rule to be remembered. If this standard is exceeded, then the rise of the steps will be too steep. Naturally, this will be both inconvenient and unsafe.

The second standard helps to correctly adjust the height of the stairs. The width of the step is determined by the size of the human foot. She has to match. The most convenient width is from two hundred and eighty to three hundred and twenty millimeters. If you increase the width, not by standards, then this can make it difficult to step, and it will be difficult to walk up the stairs. If the standard decreases, then it will be very uncomfortable to go down the stairs.

The width of the march on the stairs also has its own standards. Most optimal size ranges from six hundred to seven hundred millimeters. This allows a person to move up the stairs without any obstacles. It is important to remember that this is the smallest indicator for the width of the march. The most popular width, which is very common, is from nine hundred to a thousand millimeters. This option is convenient for people with any features of the figure, and weight.

When a person climbs stairs, he spends much more energy than when walking on a flat area. Therefore, experts believe that by doubling the size of the riser, you can create the most satisfactory stair designs. That is, you need to add the width of one step.

Conclusion

So, we have learned a lot about how to avoid mistakes when calculating a ladder, especially its steps. Knowing the basic requirements, it will be much easier to make a comfortable, reliable staircase that will serve you for more than one year.

Staircase design standards - GOST, SNP, standard sizes stacked steps, treads and risers - height, width, slope of the flight of stairs, how many steps in a flight of stairs - the maximum number

Message
sent.

Such a parameter as the height of the stairs, SNiP and GOST is determined strictly. Not a single house will be accepted by the commission if it does not comply in its main elements with the Building Regulations and Rules, as well as other state standards. The only question is whether the stairs are among the main elements of the house.

What does SNiP say about stairs

The formation of norms for the construction of vertical movement structures originates from the moment when multi-storey buildings began to appear. For the first time, the architect Blondel brought out the formula for the harmonious ratio of distances in the 17th century. It expressed the proportions of the vertical distances between the surfaces of adjacent steps (x), as well as the distance between their edges (y). The result is the formula: 2x + y \u003d 60-66 cm.

Stairs are the most actively exploited part of the building, so they are subject to special requirements for convenience and safety. Considering this requirement of the time, Blondel also deduced two formulas that are a consequence of the main one. The safety formula is x+y=46, the convenience formula is y-x=12.

A lot has changed since then, but the basics remain. The Building Codes and Rules were formed to ensure people's safety, but at the same time not at the expense of convenience.

All rules regarding stairs, according to SNiP, can be summarized as follows.

1. In a building with two or more floors, there must be one large span.
2. All ladders intended for permanent use must only be stationary. Transformable options can only be used as an auxiliary structure, for example, for access to the attic or basement.
3. The width of the span must necessarily fit in the range from 80 to 120 cm.
4. The number of steps in a march should be within the range from 3 to 18. In buildings that house organizations with a constant flow of people, this interval is narrowed to 3-16. For ease of movement, it is recommended to build an odd number of steps. This placement allows a person to move in an optimal rhythm, starting and completing the ascent or descent from the same foot.
5. There is a standard for the angle of the stairs. It should fit in the range from 26 to 45 °.
6. The height of the step on any staircase must necessarily be in the range from 15 to 20 cm. Moreover, all of them within this staircase must be the same. The allowable difference is 0.5 cm.
7. The minimum width of one step is 25 cm. The exception applies only to transformable auxiliary staircase structures. They should not be already 20 cm.
8. The parameters of the stair ledge cannot be more than 3 cm.
9. Landing standards must correspond to the width of the steps. If two marches adjoin the site, then the site should not be less than 130 cm. The distance from the door to the beginning of the span should be at least 1 m. This indicator also depends on where the doors open. If the door swings outward, then this distance is determined by the width of the door.
10. SNiP also regulates the height of the fence. It depends on the height of the ceiling, since there should be a space of 190-200 cm between the ceiling and the railing.

SNiP on types of steps

The height of the steps is not arbitrary parameters, even within the framework of building codes. It depends on a number of project indicators. SNiP defines the following types of stair structures:

1. Ordinary steps are part of any stairs as the basis for the formation of these structures.
2. Runners are steps that are designed to ensure a smooth turn of the stairs. They differ significantly from ordinary ones and have different widths along the entire length.
3. Steps-platforms are intermediate elements for stairs with a turn. However, in terms of height, they do not have fundamental differences from the basic privates.
4. For open steps, the absence of a riser is characteristic. In this case, the flight of stairs takes on an openwork, soaring look. It looks nice, but it reduces the level of security.
5. In closed steps, a riser must be attached. Such a staircase looks monumental and creates a sense of security.
6. At hinged steps, a part of the tread protrudes above the riser. This form allows you to increase the width of the stairs and increase the comfort of movement.

The maximum and minimum heights of all these steps do not have significant differences, but still each of them has its own specifics.

Height options in different versions

The height of the steps is measured in the height of the riser, since it is this part that forms the distance between each element of the stairs.

This video will show you how to select comfortable height for a stair rung:

The state standard determines the height of the stairs in the range from 12 to 25 cm.

The optimal height of the main ladder element formed in relation to the tread. Usually the proportions are set to 2:1.5 or 2:1. For auxiliary ladders, these proportions are reduced to 1.2:1 and 1:1. This means that the maximum height stairs set at 25 cm. The tread is also measured by this value.

For street marches, an interval of 15-17 cm is usually determined. Internal stairs should save space, so a range of 17-22 cm is set.

Determining the height of steps during design is also provided by GOST and SNiP. Comfortable Height within the framework of this project is calculated using the following methods:

• based on the number of steps (the height of the march and the required number of steps are determined);
• determination by step width;
• calculation according to the safety formula;
• comfort formula.

This video talks about step calculation:

IN different projects one or another method can be taken as a basis. It all depends on the purpose of the building, the wishes of the customer, the requirements for operation, regional features of comfort.