The ascent to the second floor in a private house can be done without problems with your own hands, having minimal skills in construction. The main thing is that it is reliable, safe and beautiful. Next, it will be considered in detail what the stairs to the second floor in a wooden house can be, options for their construction and design.
Requirements
First, it is worth describing in more detail the requirements that stairs in a wooden house should have. Since most of these projects are individual, there are no specific regulated technical standards. Some parameters are recommended for any wooden building.
The width of the stairs must be at least 90 cm, this will ensure not only ease of climbing, but also safety, including fire fighting - for quick evacuation. The slope usually does not exceed 40 degrees, a steeper one will become uncomfortable and dangerous, and with a less steep slope, the whole structure becomes more cumbersome and takes up more free space. Railings are best done 80-90 cm high.
The height of the steps in such a staircase should be 15–18 cm, so if you slip, there will be no chance of falling with your foot into the opening between the balusters, even if the steps are solid, then a large value will give an uncomfortable lift. And if there are children in the house, then it is better to make a vertical distance of 7–10 cm. The number of steps per march is usually 8–15, the entire staircase will have 20–30 steps.
Structural strength is the main requirement, the ladder must withstand at least 200 kg. To do this, you need to use reliable fastenings of the frame, steps and railings, strong supports, quality material. If it is made of wood, then polished beams with a thickness of at least 20 mm should be taken - for steps, for the frame and supports - at least 60 mm, metal stairs must be securely welded at the joints.
All steps of a wooden staircase must be the same in length, width and height. The material must be polished and treated with varnish, so that it is smooth, does not have splinters and cracks. Beautiful appearance And original design can also be attributed to the desired requirements of such a design. Usually stairs to the second floor in a wooden house are installed in the hallway or hall.
Types of structures
By design, such stairs can be divided into the following types.
- screw- are the most compact and often the cheapest, as they require a minimum of material and simpler installation work. You can install them even in a tiny country house, but they always look very original. But the disadvantage is the inconvenience of lifting, and if there are children and the elderly in the house, spiral staircases can also lead to injuries.
- Marching straight lines- the most traditional version of the stairs to the second floor. They are at correct installation comfortable, safe and look great. The main drawback is the large space that stairways occupy in the room.
- Turning stairs at the same time convenient and take up less useful space in a wooden house. The marches in them are usually located at an angle of 90 degrees and are adjacent to the adjacent walls of the room. Such designs also add originality to the interior of the building.
Execution materials
Materials for stairs to the second floor differ in cost and complexity of installation work. But in order to decide what to build a future structure from, it is necessary to consider in more detail the properties of each. Wood is the traditional and most popular material for the manufacture of stairs in a private house, which it confidently remains today.
This is due to a number of its advantages:
- it is cheap and easy to process;
- wood parts are easy to attach to each other;
- it is a natural and environmentally friendly material without harmful impurities;
- a wooden staircase always has an attractive and cozy look;
- if necessary, wooden structures are easy to dismantle.
From wood, you can build a staircase to the second floor in almost any style: rural, classic, high-tech or modern, the main thing is to choose correct forms and coloration. Most often, marching straight and turning stairs for 2 spans are made of wood. Steps and railings are attached to nails or wood screws; to save money, often one of the supporting supports of the structure is a wall wooden house.
For the most elite and beautiful stairs, such types of wood as oak, beech, ash, cedar are chosen. They have noble shades with pronounced textures and excellent durability. More budget wood materials are pine and birch. At proper processing seasoned and dry wood has excellent physical properties and durability.
Metal stairs are more durable and can last long term. Aluminum alloys are most commonly used, copper and cast iron are also popular. The disadvantage is the complexity of installation, for strength, welding of the frame, steps and railings is usually required. Great option for a wooden house are all-metal stairs. screw view from various metals the most popular.
You can build in a wooden house and stairs made of natural or artificial stone. The cost will be high, but the view of such lifts to the second floor is very impressive. The advantage is their environmental friendliness, long service life.
How to do?
Before you build a lift to the second floor with your own hands, you need to decide on the choice of location, type of construction and materials of manufacture. In this case, it is worth considering where the hatch or door to the upper room will be located in order to connect the upper span with it. In order to correctly determine the amount of raw materials and fasteners in advance, it is worth creating a sketch that indicates the width and height of the steps and spans, supporting elements, attachment points to the wall and floor, and the dimensions of the railing.
For the construction, it is necessary to prepare in advance the site where the structure will be mounted, as well as the adjacent walls. To prepare the material, installation and finishing, you will need: a hacksaw, a pencil, a ruler and a tape measure, a drill, a screwdriver, a square, building level, hammer and brush.
To build turntable with two marches of wood, you will need 8 steps with a width of 250 mm, a step height of 200 mm, a span of 900 mm and a platform of 900x900 mm. The railing can be of the simplest design, the main thing is that the distance between adjacent vertical posts is at least 400 mm. The installation begins with sawing the polished beams, for the frame it is good to choose them with a section size of 60 by 120 mm. The installation of the platform on vertical supports takes place in the corner of the room, then the bowstring of the lower march is made - inclined boards on which steps and railings will be attached. Fastening to the ceiling, that is existing wall wooden house is carried out on metal screws, self-tapping screws for wood with a length of at least 60 cm.
When the platform on vertical racks and the bowstring are fixed, then the finished steps are placed and attached to the cutouts of the latter. After that, a railing is mounted to the lower span. Then, in the same way, proceed to the installation of the second march. His bowstring is already attached to the ceiling and the second adjacent wall. The second span turns out to be longer; for reliability, somewhere in the middle of it, it is worth installing an additional support beam.
Such a ladder is easy to install and convenient, but on a smoothly polished and varnished surface, the steps often slip. To avoid this, you can fix rough notches made of metal or other material on the stairs. After the design with the railing is ready, it is worth taking care of building a damper or an opening hatch to the second floor.
It is also easy to make a spiral staircase, which, with a floor height of 2.4–2.7 m, will require 12–15 steps. Its main forming element is the central vertical support, around which steps will rise in a spiral, they, unlike straight stairs, have the shape of a trapezoid. There are a huge number of design and material options, including from natural wood.
Making marches
Painting stairs made of wood can be made from any transparent quick-drying varnish. It is best to choose odorless varieties for internal works. These may be alkyd varnishes, which have a relatively low cost, alcohol with good strength and moisture protection, environmentally friendly acrylic or polyurethane with high wear resistance.
wooden stairs can be painted in any opaque color. At the same time, the pleasant texture and shade of natural wood are lost, but this way you can achieve, for example, the maximum combination with the rest of the interior or create a certain style. So that after painting there is no pungent smell in the room, you should choose resistant and high-quality acrylic, alkyd, emulsion paints.
Whatever the varnish, it should be carefully applied with a new brush with soft bristles. It cleans up after use. Even finishing material odorless, it is better not to be inside the work area for a couple of hours and check the house.
Style and design may vary depending on the preferences of the owners. Most popular for small wooden houses rural or country style. It is based on maximum naturalness and simplicity. Therefore, it is worth choosing simple straight forms of steps and railings, using natural wood bars covered with transparent varnish. You can not treat the surface of the boards with decorative coloring agents at all, but only polish them as much as possible.
Classic style typical for spacious rooms with a chic interior. It is best to choose for him noble dark varieties wood. The railings at the stairs in this style can have curved shapes, complex vertical racks from many elements, equipped with stucco molding. The main thing is not to overdo it in the number of decorative details and harmoniously fit the stairs into the interior of a country house.
- If the number of steps in the flight of stairs exceeds 18 pieces, it is recommended to make intermediate platforms.
- Number of steps. Divide the length of the flight of stairs by the height of the step. The height of the step is the sum of the height of the riser (15-20 cm) and the thickness of the tread.
Important! Using steps with a tread width less than the width of the foot is not only inconvenient, but also not safe!
- The length of the flight of stairs. For the calculation, it is necessary to take the start and end points of the flight of stairs according to the level of floors from the first to the second floor. Having height and width, according to the formula for calculating the hypotenuse of a right triangle, we calculate the length of the flight of stairs. In this case, a safe tilt angle of 30° to 45° must be taken into account.
- The height of the spans should correspond to the height of a person plus 20 cm, so as not to bend over and not be injured on the upper flight of stairs or ceiling. The optimal height between the steps and the ceiling is 2 meters. The calculation begins with measuring the height between floors and the dimensions of the stairwell.
Material for stairs
For the manufacture of stairs with their own hands, planed wood is selected, which does not have spikes, deformations, or surface irregularities. Dry the wood before starting work. To give it a deeper color, the surface is treated with stain. After that, several layers of waterproof varnish are applied to the wood.
High-quality wood for stairs should be of the first grade and have a moisture content of no more than 10%. It is not recommended to use material with a moisture content of more than 10% for the manufacture of stairs. When dry, the wood will warp and the stairs will creak. To make a ladder with your own hands, they use both budget varieties of wood (pine, birch, ash) and more expensive elite ones (oak, cedar, maple).
Characteristics of some types of wood:
- Pine is a wood most often light gray in color. It has low strength and is easily exposed to external influences. At high humidity may increase in size. It is in demand due to its low cost.
- Birch - light wood, has a homogeneous structure. Demanded raw material due to low price.
- Ash - characterized light color and specific fiber structure. The process of working with it is not difficult, it is a well-bent material, but the strength indicators are even higher than those of oak.
- Oak is one of the hard varieties of light yellow color. It is generally accepted that products made from this tree are the most durable and strong, which is reflected in the price.
- Maple - due to the lack of pores, it is highly durable. This grade does not absorb moisture, as a result of which products from it can be placed outside buildings. Along with this, maple is very difficult to process.
Do-it-yourself installation of a single-flight wooden staircase
This method is considered a reference, since the installation procedure, regardless of the number of spans, is the same. The kit includes stringers, railings, treads, and risers. Treads and risers are called the horizontal and vertical parts of the steps, respectively. Kosour - the main bearing part, in which special grooves are cut for mounting steps.
Preparing the stair parts
Do-it-yourself staircase assembly
For installation of stringers in the upper part of the flight of stairs on the floor beam, it is necessary to make cuts for installation. Alternatively, instead of cuts, metal stops are used, which are attached to the vertical ceiling with anchor bolts.
In the floor of the lower floor, a support beam is mounted on the line of the lower step and locked with anchor bolts.
Installing steps is not difficult. It is necessary to apply a layer of glue on the cutouts in the stringers and attach the risers. Then the risers need to be aligned along the edges and secured with screws. Treads are laid on top of them. Do not be too lazy to use thin polymer strips in the form of tape. This simple secret will help to avoid friction of one wooden part against another, thus preventing unpleasant creaking during operation. The steps are fixed on the risers and stringers.
Advice! To make it more convenient to work, the installation of steps must begin from the bottom of the march.
When installing balusters with your own hands, you must maintain one level. To do this, the upper and lower balusters are installed, the thread is pulled and all the rest are installed according to its level. Balusters are fastened with screws or self-tapping screws, which are subsequently closed with plugs or smeared with special grout. Handrails are mounted on balusters and fixed on them. At the same time, handrails can be made from any material, not just wood.
Finishing
The assembled ladder is polished again, giving Special attention butt joints and ends. After grinding, the stairs are covered with varnish, paint, wax solution or other protective agents. Each new layer is applied 2-3 times after the previous one has dried. Before painting, the wood can be given some kind of peculiar shade with the help of wood stain.
Do-it-yourself spiral staircase to the second floor, installation features
Spiral staircases are more beautiful, but their manufacture and installation are more difficult than marching ones. As a rule, screw structures are installed in places with limited space, where it is simply impossible to install a mid-flight ladder.
When calculating the heights and the number of steps, it must be taken into account that there must always be a clearance of at least 200 mm above the head, and when designing, the height of the people living in the house must be taken into account. To avoid discomfort, the vertical distance between the rows of steps should be about 2 meters. The width of the flight of stairs is about 0.8 meters. Regardless of the type of stairs, this optimal dimensions that provide comfortable travel.
The most convenient tread depth at the support is from 15 cm, at the end of the step at least 35 cm. The average height of the riser is about 20 cm (if any). It is often recommended to abandon the risers on spiral staircases. This has a number of significant advantages:
- there is an opinion that without them the rise is more convenient;
- the weight of the entire structure is significantly reduced;
- saving money on materials.
Handrail for spiral staircase
Wooden stairs to the second floor are equipped with railings made of glued wood. They easily take the form of a spiral staircase if they are thoroughly soaked in hot water, hold in the shape that they should have, and let dry.
Bending wood with subsequent fixation is a rather troublesome process and requires certain skills.
We make curved railings:
Curved railing processing:
It is considered normal to consider the height of the railing about 1 meter. They are attached to balusters, the height of which is selected individually for each specific project. Not every craftsman has access to a woodworking machine, so if you want to have turned balusters, you can just go to the nearest hardware store. They are inexpensive.
With all this, it must be remembered that spiral staircases to the second floor have limited functionality, since it is almost impossible to transport furniture and bulky materials along them. It cannot be used simultaneously by 2 people going to different directions. But in any case, a handmade staircase is a kind of achievement and pride.
Ksenia Skvortsova. Chief Editor. Author.
Planning and distribution of responsibilities in the content production team, work with texts.
Education: Kharkov State Academy of Culture, specialty “Culturologist. Lecturer in History and Theory of Culture. Experience in copywriting: From 2010 to the present. Editor: since 2016.
Some people don't want to build cottage and they are building a multi-story building, and it will be impossible to move around the house without stairs. Stairs come in a variety of shapes and are made from different materials. Stairs that are between floors are made of metal and.
The design and calculations for stairs between floors made of any materials are no different.
They have the usual requirements:
- In a private house, the smallest width of the stairs is 900 centimeters.
- The normal height of steps is 160 - 180 millimeters.
- The minimum allowable depth of steps is 270 millimeters.
- The railing on the stairs must withstand a side pressure of about one hundred kilograms.
- The distance between the railing posts should be 150 millimeters and, if there are children in the family, this distance should be 120 millimeters.
- Ladders are made forged and welded.
there are the following types:
There are stairs:
If you do not have special skills for building stairs, then start with simple option, that is, with a single-march design.
Necessary calculations
In organizations that are engaged in the development of projects, they use special ones, with the help of these programs they design 3D models of structures. In the model, it is very easy to change the parameters of different parts.
After the approval of the final version, the computer program prepares the specification and drawings of the metal staircase.
But in our case, the calculations will have to be done without help computer program. We will consider a simple version of a direct single-march design.
The basic requirements for the depth and height of the steps are already known. It is necessary to make measurements between points, that is, from the beginning to the end of the stairs from the floor of the first floor and the height between the floor of the first and second floors. Now we determine the length of the stairs, you need to remember that the average angle of inclination is from thirty to forty-five degrees.
We calculate the available parameters and extract the square root and get the length of the stairs.
Materials and tools required for work
For the construction of interfloor metal stairs we need the following tools and materials to build an interfloor metal staircase.
Tools:
Materials:
Carrying out work
Stages of work:
First of all, corners are made from the corners for fixing steps, that is, fillies.
You can’t make a mistake so that there are no various distortions and flaws that will ruin the stairs.
Also, fillies should be the same and should be exactly opposite each other. Fillies are made from a corner by cutting out a sample and joining the corners to each other.
As a result, L-shaped nodes are obtained with shelves down and inward. For our design, fourteen pairs of these nodes are needed, and in each of the pairs one support will be left, and the second right. Then we weld the brackets to connect the steps and the horizontal bar between each of the pairs of corners.
We also make a horizontal crossbar from a corner. They reinforce the structure with the help of kerchiefs, we weld them from the bottom of the steps towards each of the stringers.
Edgewise square pipe we make markings from the profile and according to the markings we weld the fillies to the rib of the stringer, the second stringer is attached to the first stringer with fillies and transfer the markings.
We make and then weld the stringers with the lower end to the support platform. If the houses have a concrete foundation, then the supporting platform is installed in concrete. We attach the upper end to the support post, the support post is fixed to the ceiling between floors with steel anchors. Then once again the fillies must be checked for level.
In the event that the staircase is made near the wall, then to give the structure rigidity, one kosour is welded to the brackets that are fixed to the wall.
They consist in welding the steps to the filly, you can also fix them with bolts, but in this case it is necessary to sheathe the steps with wood. The steps can also be installed wooden, on the filly with the help of screw connections.
In the article, we told how to make a metal staircase to the second floor.
Of course, it is up to you and no one else to decide what material to make a staircase from, but a metal staircase turns out to be visually light, so we recommend this design.
We hope that this information was useful to you. We wish you good luck, patience and inspiration!
The construction of stairs in the house is not an easy process, but doable. The main difficulty lies in calculating the angle of inclination and span parameters, because not only ease of use, but also the durability of the structure depends on this. A solid and beautiful staircase to the second floor with your own hands is an opportunity to test your strength and gain experience for further home improvement.
First you need to decide on the type of stairs in order to correctly make calculations. The most commonly used stairs in the house are wood, concrete and metal; according to the configuration, they are straight, rotary and screw. There are also combined designs of varying complexity.
Concrete products require very solid foundation and a lot of time to manufacture, but at the same time they are the most durable and durable. Installation metal structures it will not be difficult for those who know how to use welding, and anyone who is familiar with the technology of this process can make a wooden staircase.
A direct flight staircase to the second floor is considered the easiest to install; it consists of a small number of parts, takes up little space, does not require complex calculations. Screw structures used where there is little free space; they look very elegant, but are not always easy to use. It will be problematic to lift something large and heavy along such steps. Multi-span structures are more difficult to build, but they are ideal for houses where there is a large distance between floors.
simple wooden staircase
A single-flight staircase consists of stringers, railings, treads and risers. The tread is the horizontal part of the step, the riser is the vertical part. Kosour is load-bearing elements structures with special cutouts along the upper edge for fastening steps. Instead of stringers, bowstrings are often used - load-bearing beams with grooves for steps. Riser and railings are optional, but for convenience and safety, it's better to have them.
The height of the stairs is equal to the distance between the floors plus the thickness of the floors. To simplify the calculation of the length of the span and base, you first need to determine the parameters of the steps. If the elderly and children live in the house, optimal height the steps are 15 cm, for the rest, a height of 20 cm will be more convenient. It is not recommended to make the riser even higher, as the rise will be too steep and less comfortable.
The width of the step is 20-30 cm, and here a lot depends on how much space can be taken under the stairs. The wider the steps, the more space the structure takes up. When suitable dimensions are selected, the number of steps and the length of the base can be calculated. To do this, divide the height of the stairs by the height of the riser, round the resulting value to an integer, and then multiply by the depth of the tread. For example, if the total height is 3 m and the height of the riser is 20 cm, 15 steps will be required:
3000:200=15
With a step width of 25 cm, the length of the base is 15x250=3750 mm.
Manufacturing technology
When the calculations are made, you can begin to manufacture the elements of the stairs. For braids, a very dense hardwood, because they must hold not only the weight of the structure, but also people. A template is cut out of thick cardboard, on which the cutouts correspond to the size of the steps, and the slope equal to the angle slope of the stairs. At the ends of the stringers, grooves are cut out for attachment to the base and upper floors, after which they are marked according to the template.
For further work you will need:
- jigsaw;
- grinder;
- building level;
- anchor bolts;
- drill;
- hammer.
With an electric jigsaw on the stringers, protrusions are made according to the marking, then they are processed on both sides with a grinder. Holes for fasteners are cut out in the floor beams or metal supports are installed. On the floor of the first floor, along the line of the lower step, a support beam is installed and fixed with anchor bolts. After that, the installation of the stringers is carried out, be sure to check the angle of inclination with the help of a level. At the bottom and at the top, the stringers are fixed with anchor bolts.
The next step is the manufacture of steps. To do this, take dry boards with a thickness of 36 mm; their width should be equal to the width of the steps or be slightly larger. For risers, boards with a thickness of 20 mm or more can be used. The length of the blanks must correspond to the width of the stairs - from 80 cm to 1.2 m.
After trimming, each workpiece must be sanded to remove sharp cuts and bumps. The installation process of the steps is very simple: the lower cutouts of the stringers are coated with carpentry glue and the risers are applied, leveling along the edges. Fix them with screws and lay on top of the steps. Glue is needed so that under load wooden elements didn't creak.
Alternately laying all the steps, proceed to the installation of the railing. Railings consist of balusters and handrails; for the manufacture of balusters, a square beam or figured blanks made of wood are used. Balusters are installed either on each step, or through one, depending on the slope and length of the span. Self-tapping screws are used as fasteners, which are often closed with special plugs for beauty. If the staircase to the second floor is located in the center of the room, the railing can be installed on both sides.
The finished structure is polished again and treated with an antiseptic primer. After that, you need to cover the tree with varnish, paint or other composition that does not form a too smooth surface. If the steps are rough, this will increase their safety for the household. The coating is applied in 2 or 3 layers, with each layer being completely dry before applying the next.
IN spacious house With concrete floors the second floor, you can make a staircase of concrete. Most often, two types of structures are mounted in houses - monolithic and combined, in which only the kosour is concrete. The second option looks more attractive and elegant. For the manufacture of concrete stairs formwork and a very solid foundation are required.
In the process of work you will need:
- edged board, upholstered with a film, or waterproof plywood;
- durable timber 100x100 mm;
- knitting wire and fittings;
- self-tapping screws;
- concrete solution.
Formwork boards are chosen with a thickness of 3 cm, the thickness of plywood should not be less than 18 mm. All dimensions are calculated in the same way as for a wooden staircase, but the base must be as strong as possible. They start with the formwork assembly: boards or plywood are knocked down according to the drawing, observing the angle of inclination and preventing the formation of cracks.
The finished formwork is installed between floors and fixed with wooden bars. After that, reinforcement is laid out inside the frame, tying the transverse rods with wire. In places where the railings are installed, corks made of wood are fixed, and then the formwork is poured with a ready-made mortar. You need to fill the frame immediately, otherwise the solidity of the base will be broken.
When the concrete sets well, the formwork is removed, and the surface of the steps is periodically moistened to avoid cracking. You can start finishing only after complete drying and hardening of the concrete. For the manufacture of a combined staircase, the kosour is poured in exactly the same way, but the formwork is made much narrower and takes into account the installation of steps.
For finishing a monolithic structure, wood, stone, tile and other materials are used. When cladding, the weight of the material should be taken into account, because tiles and stone have a greater load on the base than wooden panels. Any steps can be attached to a concrete kosour, such a base goes especially well with a tree.
For the manufacture and installation of a direct metal staircase to the second floor, you will need:
- steel channel No. 10;
- metal corners;
- welding machine;
- sheet iron;
- file and grinder with a nozzle for grinding.
The channel is cut into pieces and a frame is assembled from them according to the size of the stairs. Corners are welded to the side faces of the frame at regular intervals equal to the height of the step. All corners should be parallel to each other. To make it easier to install the structure, the steps are welded after mounting and fixing the frame.
The upper ends of the frame are securely fixed with anchor bolts to the ceiling of the second floor, the lower ends are fixed to the floor. Next, sheet metal steps are welded and railings are attached. Upon completion of the assembly, the joints are ground with a nozzle or processed with a file, after which they are coated with an anti-corrosion primer.
This design takes up little space and looks more decorative. With a height of 2.5 m, you will need to make about 15-17 steps; the diameter of the base will be about 2 m. The most common way to mount spiral staircases is to string trapezoidal or triangular steps onto the central axis. The narrow part has a width of 15 cm, the wide one is 30-35 cm.
To make a spiral staircase yourself, you will need:
- steel pipe with a diameter of 50 mm;
- pipe with a diameter of 55 mm;
- wooden slats for the template;
- corners for steps;
- welding machine;
- file;
- primer.
The smaller diameter pipe is the center post, so its length must correspond to the distance between the first and second floors. For greater stability of the structure, it is recommended to concrete the rack at the base, after setting it vertically. pipe larger diameter cut into cylinders about 25 cm long. The cuts must be strictly perpendicular, otherwise the steps cannot be aligned horizontally.
It is very important that the cylinders fit tightly on the central tube and do not form backlash. If tight docking does not occur, seal rings will be required.
For the manufacture of steps, it is convenient to use a template from the rails. Wooden slats glued together so that the corners inserted into the frame form a step of the specified parameters.
Each stage is welded to its cylinder and carefully polished. After the manufacture of all the elements, you can begin to assemble the structure. The steps are put on the axial pipe, set the angle and tightly welded to the axis.
The final stage is the fastening of the railing and finishing. Railings may consist of fittings, chrome-plated tubes, thin profile; wrought iron railings look very elegant. All metal surfaces must be sanded and treated with a primer, painted.
Similarly, a spiral staircase to the second floor is assembled from wooden steps. Wood blanks are made in the form of a trapezoid, in the narrow part of which a hole with a diameter of 50 mm is drilled. With the help of special seals, the steps strung on the axis are fixed on the central rack. Next, railings are installed, the tree is primed and painted, decorated with decor.
Video - How to make a staircase to the second floor
Video - Do-it-yourself wooden staircase
Staircase to the second floor necessary element two-story house, while it should be not only comfortable, strong and reliable, but also in harmony with the interior of the house. Staircase designs may differ both in shape and in the material from which they are made. In private houses, wooden stairs are most often installed, while metal supports and structures can be used.
The shape of the stairs can be marching - straight or rotary, or spiral. The second is occupied less space, while they are less comfortable for constant walking. Mid-flight stairs take up a significant area from the room, however, with a reasonable layout, the space under the stairs can be sewn up with a partition and used as a pantry or dressing room.
Turning stairs are L-shaped or U-shaped, with winders or intermediate platforms. They take up less space in the room, but are somewhat more difficult to implement. Direct mid-flight stairs have a simple and robust design, and everyone can make them with their own hands.
Any staircase has steps - they take the main load. The steps, in turn, are supported by stringers or bowstrings. The kosour is a sawtooth-shaped beam, while the steps rest on a horizontal cut, and risers are attached to the vertical cut of the “teeth”. The staircase can be made with one central stringer with steps resting on the wall, or with support on two side stringers.
Bowstrings are thick beams in which grooves for steps and risers are selected. The bowstrings are made from a thick board, and the groove is cut according to the template. Between themselves, the bowstrings are pulled together with the help of cords made of wood or metal.
The risers perform a decorative function, allowing you to sew up the space under the stairs tightly. The stairs can be made without risers, then its design will be lighter. For convenience and safety, the stairs should be equipped with railings. The railing frame is made of supports - balusters, and a handrail. In addition, stairs can have platforms in the upper and lower parts, a support step and other elements.
The most simple universal design For self-manufacturing is a staircase on two stringers. Considered below step technology its manufacture.
Staircase made of wood on stringers
- the height of the stairs is divided by the previously accepted step height, the resulting value is rounded up to a larger integer;
- multiply the number of steps by the previously accepted step width and get the length of the base of the stairs;
- calculate the length of the span according to the Pythagorean theorem;
- calculate the ratio of the height of the stairs to the length of the span, it should be in the range of 0.5-0.7.
- If geometric calculations are difficult, you can simply draw the stairs to scale and measure the span and angle.
- When calculating, it must be taken into account that wooden house in the first two or three years, it shrinks significantly, and a rigidly fixed staircase can deform or change the angle of inclination.
- Manufacturing of stringers.
Stringers are made from well-dried hardwood boards: pine, beech, oak. Based on the results of the calculations, a template is made of cardboard or thin plywood, which imitates the shape of the ledge and takes into account the angle of inclination of the stairs. Grooves are made in the upper and lower parts of the stringers, with the help of which they will be attached to the floor beam from above and to the support beam from below. With the help of an electric jigsaw, protrusions are cut out on the stringers, after which the workpieces are processed with a grinder or sandpaper.
- Installation of stringers. Stringers are installed in a predetermined place, fixed at the bottom with a support beam, and at the top - with a cut into the beam. It is possible to install metal supports on the floor beam, to which stringers are attached using anchor bolts. The lower support beam is also attached to the anchor bolts. When installing stringers, be sure to use a level.
- Manufacture of steps and risers. Steps are made in required quantity from a dry board with a thickness of at least 36 mm and a width of the board not less than the selected width of the steps. Steps may protrude slightly beyond the plane of the riser, so trim more wide board no need. The boards are cut to the required length, equal to the width of the stairs, taking into account the railing, usually this value is 0.8-1.2 meters. The steps are ground, cutting off sharp edges. The risers are made of a dry board with a thickness of at least 20 mm, the width of the board is equal to the height of the steps, and the length is the width of the stairs.
- Step fixing. First, the risers are attached to the installed stringers, and then the steps with the help of self-tapping screws and wood glue. All joints are smeared with glue to reduce creaking when walking up the stairs.
- Handrail manufacturing. Balusters and handrails are used to make railings. Balusters can be made from a square bar or bought ready-made, carved. Balusters are installed on steps, usually one baluster for each step. At the beginning and end of the stairs, supporting balusters are installed, between them - decorative. Balusters are attached to the steps with self-tapping screws, after which decorative plugs are installed in the attachment points. The railing is also fixed with self-tapping screws from the bottom side.
- Treatment and application of decorative coating
- Staircase like any other wooden structure needs to be protected from moisture. Wooden stairs are coated for this purpose with paint, varnish or a protective colorless or tinting compound. In this case, it is better to use coatings that do not form very smooth surface Slippery steps are dangerous, especially when going down. Before applying the coating, the stairs are sanded again to remove all burrs and burrs. The attachment points are closed with wooden plugs. The coating is applied with a brush or a small roller in two or three layers, while allowing the previous layer to dry well.
- It is not always possible to install a straight flight ladder due to its dimensions. To save space, you can make other types of stairs, for example,.
