If you dream about flowering trees spring and a rich harvest in the fall (which, however, will have to wait a couple of years), then planning a beautiful orchard should start with studying the rules of choice and the nuances of planting fruit trees. Today Elena Mironova, leading designer of the Bastet studio, will talk about the most important, in her opinion, moments.

General director and leading designer of the Bastet studio. She studied interior design at the International School of Design. Has been involved in interior design for more than 10 years. Considers work to be a calling. Loves non-standard, complex tasks that require full dedication and concentration.

Should I plant in spring?

It's no secret that spring, like autumn, - traditional time carrying out planting work. However, gardeners have divided opinions about when it is best to plant fruit trees: some argue that the optimal time for planting is autumn, while others say spring.

Of course, both options are possible if the most important condition is met: the seedlings must be in hibernation (as is known, the hibernation period in plants lasts from the moment the leaves fall until the buds open).

But still, for Central Russia with its cold winters it is preferable spring planting. It is also supported by the fact that young trees are much less likely to freeze, unlike those planted in the fall, and that in the spring, young seedlings are not such a tasty prey for rodents as during the first autumn frosts and snowfalls, and the fact that there will be a whole lot of trees planted in the spring warm season more time for growth and development.

Of course, spring planting also has minuses: a strict upper time limit (if a seedling is planted too late, it will be problematic to get it out) and frequent, unlike autumn, watering. However, when choosing a planting time, there is one simple rule: the further north your site is, the more arguments in favor of spring planting and vice versa.

Should be planted exclusively in spring heat-loving plants, such as: cherries, plums, sweet cherries, apricots, cherry plums, and non-winter-hardy varieties of pears.

As practice shows, seedlings with closed root system(with a voluminous lump of earth): gardeners are less likely to damage the roots when planting, and such plants can be planted until mid-June. Seedlings with open root system, on the contrary, it is necessary to plant strictly before the buds begin to swell and without delaying too much - it’s better immediately after purchasing, so that the tree does not have time to dry out.

Planting fruit trees in spring: where to get seedlings?

This is the second, if not the first question that arises.

Alas, the choice of seedlings in large nurseries - both in variety and quality - is wider in the fall. In the spring, nurseries mostly sell off autumn leftovers, which means that the likelihood of choosing a strong and healthy tree, and of the desired variety, is significantly reduced. But there is no need to be discouraged. If the idea of ​​planting a garden of fruit trees did not suddenly occur to you (you have been nurturing it for some time), then you can purchase planting material in the fall, or even arrange at the nursery for the staff to reserve trees of the required varieties for you in the spring.

But it’s better not to buy seedlings from large garden hypermarkets. Alas, in such places everything is focused on the number of sales, and often at the time of purchase, plants that seemed healthy (but in fact were simply overfed with fertilizers) begin to wither before our eyes and die literally after a few days.

What to look for when purchasing?

If you still choose seedlings yourself, you should remember the following:

• the seedling must be smooth and without flaws;
• it should not show any signs of disease;
• if the seedling is sold in a container, the roots should not grow through the drainage holes;
• any damage to the roots is unacceptable. Dried roots also indicate that the plant is not viable;
• earthen lump - again, not overdried! – must be the same volume as the crown of the tree;
• leaves on the seedling should be completely absent.

How to plant?

When thinking about planting fruit trees, do not forget that planting plan should not contradict the general concept landscape design plot. It is not at all necessary to place all the trees in one place; you can picturesquely “scatter” them around the site. But to take into account all the nuances, it is better to consult an experienced landscape designer.

And of course, the planting plan should be thought out in advance. Here it is important to keep in mind the composition of the soil, the lighting, and the distance between trees (at different types and fruit varieties, both the crown and the root system grow differently, which must be taken into account, otherwise an adult tree may interfere with its neighbors).

The landing algorithm itself is easy to find on the Internet or other sources. Let us dwell separately on some nuances spring plantings, which gardeners often forget about.

1. Never use fresh manure for fertilizer - it will burn the root system of the plant. The best option here is last year’s manure, fermented or compost. You can also use store-bought manure-based fertilizers.
2. When you cover the roots with soil, do not forget to straighten them, and also shake the seedling periodically so that voids do not form under the roots.
3. The roots should not remain on the surface, but you should not deepen the plant too much. The best option, when the root collar of the seedling (the place where the plant trunk meets the roots) is at ground level.
4. It is better to fix the support for the seedling until the plant is planted, so as not to damage the roots. Just drive it into the bottom of the hole, and then place the tree so that the support is on its northern side - this way it will also protect the young bark of the tree, which is not accustomed to the bright sun. Remember that the upper limit of the support should be below the beginning of the growth of the branches.
5. If the place chosen for planting the tree is damp, add a mound of soil before planting to prevent rotting of the roots.

The most important The thing to remember is that skill comes with experience. Of course, you are unlikely to get by completely without mistakes, especially if you are planting a garden for the first time. In this case, before starting work, it is better to consult with experienced gardener or a landscape designer, which is even preferable: a specialist will examine your idea from all sides and find weak spots in it that you most likely do not notice yourself.

In any case, even if you have no one to consult with, do not under any circumstances give up on your dream of your own orchard. Draw a planting plan on paper, write down separately everything that may be important, carefully analyze your plan again and go for it! You will definitely succeed.

Planting fruit trees in spring video:

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Price good seedlings is incomparable with the mental and material costs that arise in the event of death or poor growth of young plants.

Therefore, before planting trees with your own hands, it is important to learn a few rules regarding which seedlings to choose, when and how to plant pears, cherries and apples in your summer cottage.

How to choose fruit tree seedlings before planting?

To ensure that trees grow quickly, do not get sick, and bear fruit abundantly in the future, you need to buy seedlings from specialized retail outlets or nurseries. Zoned seedlings that were grown in the same area where they are going to be planted will take root much faster than their counterparts brought from coastal regions.

What to look for when choosing fruit tree seedlings for planting

Groundwater in a summer cottage

• for vigorous trees with long roots, the depth of groundwater in the area should not exceed 3 meters;

• semi-dwarf ones are planted in soil, the subsoil waters of which rise no higher than 2.5 m;

• seedlings dwarf trees, with a shallow root system, requires an area with groundwater located at a level above 1.5 meters.

Soil quality

Selecting a landing site at random is a mistake. The seedlings will develop poorly and will enter the fruiting season very late. If we talk about the preferences of fruit plants to soil conditions, then apple trees develop well on sod-podzolic, gray forest and chernozem soils of light composition with a neutral reaction. Pears love moist, slightly podzolized soils, sandy loams and loams. Cherries are medium to light loams.

Illumination

Fruit trees good lighting vital. The more sun a plant receives, the larger and sweeter its fruits will be. Based on this, seedlings are planted on the southern (less often southwestern) side of the site, in a place protected from the winds.

The area of ​​the land

The area allocated for planting apple, pear and cherry trees is selected after calculating the sum of the heights of all trees. That is, if different crops with a height of 5 m, 4 m and 3 m grow in the garden, then they need to be planted at a distance of 6-9 m from each other. If you plant the seedlings more densely, they will not die from this, but also as they develop, they will grow not in breadth, but upward, intertwining branches, interfering, rubbing and shading each other.

Age of tree seedlings

The best option for planting would be a tree that is not yet 2 years old. How to determine the age of a seedling? The absence of branches on the trunk will help to identify such a seedling. Gardeners do not recommend purchasing plants with branches, dried out roots, or growths on the stem and leaves.

Grafted and rooted seedlings

Ask the seller what kind of seedling it is - grafted or self-rooted! Pear and apple trees must be grafted. Plums and cherries are much rarer.

How to distinguish whether a seedling is grafted or not? If the grafting was done with a bud, then the stem of the seedling will be slightly bent (another sign - look for a noticeable fine on the trunk). There are no signs of vaccination - that means they are trying to deceive you!

The best option is to buy seedlings in a container or with a ball of earth that completely covers the root system. To ensure that the roots (the standard of tree quality) of freshly dug plants do not dry out, they are planted within a couple of days after purchase. Fruit trees in containers are planted at any time convenient for the summer resident - from late autumn to early spring.

When should you plant a tree?

The timing of planting fruit trees is determined taking into account biological features variety and climatic conditions. Apple and pear trees are planted in two periods: in early autumn and early spring.

Planting trees in spring

Spring planting begins from the moment the last snow melts and ends ten days before the buds open. For planting apple, cherry and pear trees, a natural product - fresh manure - is used as fertilizer. It is poured to the bottom of the pit. When the seedlings have settled down a bit (after about a week), growth activators are added to the soil.

Planting trees in autumn

Survival fruit trees planted during the rainy season (the time of biological dormancy of plants) is almost 100%. Loose, moisture-saturated soil and relatively warm air temperatures contribute to stable survival fruit seedlings. It is interesting that when planting plants in the fall before the onset of frost, the seedlings have time to produce young roots before going into hibernation and stopping growing. A layer of organic matter and mulch will protect the roots in a snowless winter. Material prepared for the website www.site

Planting trees in winter

Winter plantings are relevant when it comes to large-sized plants. Young fruit tree seedlings should not be planted in frozen soil.

Planting trees in summer

During the hot period, extensive evaporation occurs through the leaves. Short roots lack moisture and do not grow. Seedlings planted in summer are doomed to death.

How to properly plant trees on a site?

Step-by-step instructions for planting seedlings yourself - recommendations for beginners

1. Soil preparation

Bookmarking the future orchard begins with soil preparation. The area is cleared of weeds mechanically or using herbicides. Pre-planting cultivation is carried out - they plow deeply and fill the soil with mineral and organic fertilizers.

2. Preparing holes for planting trees

If you plan to plant fruit trees in the spring, then the soil and pits begin to be prepared in the fall. To do this, a square hole 50-70 cm deep, with sides from 1 to 1.5 m, is dug under each seedling. Cut branches, old leaves, compost, tops, etc. are placed in the pit. The top is covered with soil and left to rot until spring planting.

For autumn planting the pits are prepared a month in advance. At the bottom, for good drainage, put crushed stone, a layer broken bricks and coarse river sand. Then the planting hole is filled with rotted manure, peat and complex mineral fertilizers layer by layer method. The top of the fertilizer is covered with soil mixed with humus, 5-10 cm thick.

The soil is poured into the pit in the shape of a cone.

3. Planting seedlings in prepared soil

After the soil has settled, a stable wooden stake is driven into the center of the hole. Reliable support will prevent the wind from rocking the young plant and will prevent the formation of voids between the soil and roots.

The day before planting, remove broken branches and roots from the seedlings and renew them, lightly trimming them to healthy tissue with pruning shears.

Planting trees - rule No. 1

The root collar of the seedling should be above the soil level. Significant penetration of the plant trunk into the soil leads to rotting of the bark and further death.

It is quite easy to determine the root collar on the trunk - this is the border between the transition of the tree bark from greenish to milky brown.

When planting, the top of the earthen cone should rest against the base of the trunk. The roots are carefully spread along the slope and covered with soil, focusing on the root collar. It should be 5-6 cm higher above the ground surface.

When filling the tree with black soil, shake it a little so that the voids between the roots are filled with soil. Otherwise, they may dry out.

Near the trunk, the soil is lightly compacted with a foot and watered with a weak stream of water at the rate of 3 buckets per tree. Wait until the soil settles a little. Water again and compact well.

After watering, the roots may stick out a little from the ground. They will go into the ground in a few days.

Planting a tree from a container

Planting a seedling with a ball of earth

Caring for trees after planting

In the first two years of life, young trees require a lot of attention. Moderate regular watering and fertilizing, loosening and weed control are important. In dry times, the soil must be thoroughly loosened after each watering or rare rain.

Mulching can't be ignored tree trunk circles. Rotting mulch (cut grass from cereals) performs several useful functions at once:

• provides good aeration of the root system;

• protects the soil from drying out;

• prevents weeds from germinating;

• protects against soil freezing in winter;

• provides seedlings with organic nutrients;

• prevents the appearance of soil crust.

Excessively moist soils should not be mulched.

For the winter, trees are insulated by tying the trunk with burlap or pine branches.

The first pruning of young trees is carried out in the second year of life.

Planting fruit tree seedlings with your own hands - tips

How to plant an apple tree?

Early-fruiting varieties of some apple trees can bloom in the first spring. But they are not yet developed enough to form a full-fledged harvest in the fall. Therefore, for good survival, the buds are cut off before they bloom. In the second year (provided that the plant develops without problems), a couple of dozen flowers are left on the tree.

Among the most easily adaptable varieties of apple trees are: “Grushovka Moskovskaya”, “Antonovka ordinary”, “Summer striped”, “Brusnichnoe”, “Dessert Isaeva”, “Gift to Grafsky”, “Cinnamon new”. Good varieties: " Chinese Kerr", "Arkadik", "Oval", "Lungwort" and "Candy".

How to plant a pear?

Most types of pears known to summer residents do not have special requirements for exposure and soil composition. But pear trees take root and grow better in humus-rich, loose soils and well-lit areas. Young plants do not tolerate drought. In the first years they need to be watered abundantly and often. Pears begin to bear fruit at the age of 3-8 years.

As a result of hybridization of species, specialists in the field of breeding have developed a huge number of interesting varieties. Among the popular ones: “Pear Favorite Klappa”, “Pear Lada”, “Pear Nectar”, “Cathedral”, “Allegro”, “Dibrovskaya”, “Beauty Chernenko”.

How to plant cherries?

The fruiting of cherries largely depends on the planting location on the site. Wrong choice leads to poor growth and poor yields. The cherry root system, located close to the surface, is sensitive to drought. Therefore, loosening after watering is done extremely carefully.

In the gardens of our country, local, winter-hardy varieties predominate: “Octava”, “Bagryannaya”, “Kentskaya”, “Shubinka”, “Rossoshanskaya Chernaya”, “Rusinka”, “Polevka”, “Molodezhnaya”, “Malinovka”, “Prima” , “Turgenevka”, “Lyubskaya”, “Zhukovskaya”, “Generous”.

Planting a tree with your own hands - video

How to grow a tree from a seed?

Well-ripened seeds are washed and soaked in a stimulating solution for three days (the water is changed daily). Plant immediately in the fall. For planting in spring, store for several months in freezer for the purpose of stratification.

Please note that trees grown with your own hands from seeds grow very tall. Indeed, unlike the cultivated fruit species that all nurseries offer, they are not initially grafted onto a dwarf rootstock.

When to plant fruit tree seedlings - in spring or autumn? Gardeners have different opinions regarding the timing of purchasing and planting seedlings. Some argue that it is best to buy seedlings in the fall, since nurseries have a large selection of plants at this time of year. It is also believed that buried seedlings will be better preserved on the site in the fall. It should also be taken into account that in the spring, during the planting period, fruit trees may die due to unstable weather. It often becomes too hot in May, and the seedlings suffer from such strong temperature changes.

However, many experts believe that trees planted in the fall will not become strong enough before winter and will simply freeze in the cold season. Along with frost, they can be seriously damaged by mice and hares. Animals harm not only planted but also buried seedlings.

Optimal period for planting

In which month is it better to plant plant seedlings? It should be done from April 15 to May 15. If you want to plant seedlings in the fall, this should be done no later than October 15.

It is better to plant shrubs immediately in the place where they will always grow. This is necessary so that the plants have time to take root before the growing season begins.

Conditions for planting trees

In which month is it better to plant fruit tree seedlings? Planting dates should be limited to the relatively warm season, when the air temperature exceeds 0°C. This is necessary for better survival of plants (the formation of roots through which they receive moisture and the necessary survival time is from 2 to 2.5 months.

Often, plants planted in the fall and surviving the winter die from excess moisture because they do not have time to grow stronger. This occurs as a result of long-standing melt and rainwater, which impede the access of oxygen to fragile roots. This happens especially often on clay soils. All this indicates that trees are best planted in the spring. Trees should be replanted when they are dormant, when they have already lost their leaves.

What most often happens is that nurseries and gardeners who grow planting material, due to certain circumstances, dig up plants in the fall. Therefore, at this time, a fairly large selection of plants appears on the markets compared to spring.

Purchasing trees

Now that it is clear in what month to plant fruit tree seedlings, you can buy plants. You should choose planting material carefully, paying attention to their root system. The roots must be strong and well developed. It is best to buy a tree immediately with a ball of soil, and it is important to make sure that it is sufficiently moist. A seedling with a too dry root system may not take root and die. There should be no damage to the barrel. It is recommended to ask the seller where the grafting site is located on the seedling, as well as the root collar. It is important to get from him as much information as possible about the fruit tree you are purchasing.

Transportation of fruit plants

How to properly transport purchased seedlings so as not to damage them? This question is especially relevant when purchasing big trees. The fruit tree must be carefully and carefully packaged, giving Special attention root system. Otherwise, when transported on the roof passenger car the plant will be severely damaged, and instead of planting material, good kindling for a fire will be delivered to the site.

The process of planting seedlings purchased in late autumn

In what month should fruit tree seedlings be planted in the spring, if they were purchased? late autumn? Such plants need to be planted from about mid-April, when the soil has completely thawed. To preserve trees until spring, they need to be buried for the winter. This can be done both on the site and in the underground barn. The seedling should be sprinkled with peat, soil, sand and sawdust. Before boarding permanent place the tree should not dry out or suffer from excess moisture. Plants should be kept in the shade, covered with boards, so that the early spring rays of the sun do not burn them, and the buds do not begin to bloom before planting in a permanent place.

To bury the plant you need to make a hole about 50 cm deep. It is important that the southern wall be beveled at an angle of 45°. Seedlings should be placed on it. Then the roots are covered with soil, and more soil is sprinkled on top. The branches of the seedlings are tied and wrapped with spruce branches (needles down) to protect them from mice and other rodents. Simple elastic tights are also suitable for this.

When to plant fruit tree seedlings in the spring if they have been buried for the winter? You must wait until the ground thaws. You cannot remove frozen soil from the soil, as it will not release the roots of the seedlings. When warm weather sets in, the trees can be taken out and processed if desired. by special means, for example, a plant growth regulator, and transplant to a permanent place.

What happens if it's wrong?

When to plant fruit tree seedlings in spring? The month and day for planting should be chosen taking into account the recommendations given above, namely: in the spring, plants are planted from mid-April to mid-May, and in the fall - from September 15 to October 15. If you plant a seedling at another time, it may die. From proper disembarkation the future life of the plant depends. For example, if planted in early autumn, they most likely will not survive the winter. Why? There may be 2 reasons: either the tree itself is not resistant to frost, or the seedling was planted incorrectly. For example, during planting the root collar was damaged, and fruit plant threw all her strength into surviving, not having time to adapt to the cold. The degree of fruiting depends on the depth of planting. Often, trees grow well, but do not bear fruit. In this case, you need to look at the root collar. If it is below the soil, excess soil must be removed by carefully digging up the plant and raising it to the required height.

The distance from the tree to the nearest building should be at least 5 m. The planting hole should be made large cylindrical. This way the seedling will develop normally. The bottom of the hole needs to be loosened with a pitchfork. The tree must be planted strictly vertically; for this it is better to do it together. In the center landing pit you can install the stake on the windier side.

Where and when to plant fruit tree seedlings in spring? Plants such as apricot, peach, cherry and grape grow best on the south side. If the house is light, then trees should be planted closer to its walls. They will additionally reflect heat onto the trees. An apple tree can also be planted in the northern part.

In order for the first harvest to ripen faster on a fruit tree, at the very beginning of August you can bend 1/3 of the length of the shoots into a ring at a distance of about 50 cm from each other and tie it up. They should be bent to the side where there is good lighting. Next spring the shoots need to be untied. This method activates bud formation and increases the frost resistance of the fruit tree.

Rules for replanting trees

When to plant fruit tree seedlings? It is better to replant plants in rainy or cloudy weather. If the weather is sunny and dry during the work period, the planted plants must be covered so that they are in the shade. In this case, planting success will be ensured: the plant will not get burned and will grow well.

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Planting fruit trees - what requirements should be taken into account for a rich harvest?