A four-pitched roof is the basic principles for creating a modern home project. Four-pitched roof

It is impossible to start building any house without a well-designed project. It is in it that all data regarding the size, location of rooms and the materials used will be displayed. Today, the variant of a house with a hipped roof remains very common. This is due to the fact that such buildings are quite spacious, have an attractive appearance and can act as a year-round dwelling.

One-story projects

One-story structures with a hipped roof are perfect solution for a summer residence or a private house where you can live comfortably throughout the year.

Project No1

This design has a total area of 139 m2, but the dimensions are 11x15 cm. In total, it has 4 rooms, including 3 bedrooms. The basement, garage and attic are not provided for by the project. The decoration is made of wild stone.

One-storey house with a hipped roof 139 m2

During the construction of the walls, foam block or aerated concrete was used. According to the project, the house has: a reception room, a kitchen, a hall, a pantry, an entrance hall, a boiler room, 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, winter Garden. And here's what they look like frame houses V scandinavian style, can be seen in the photo in this

Project No2

The total area of the building is 58 m2, but the residential area is 32 m2. The dimensions of the building are 10x8 m. The attic, basement and garage are not provided for by the project. Plaster was used as a cladding.

Size 58 m2

Project No3

This house has a total area of 65 m2 and a living area of 44 m2. Its dimensions are 9x9 m. There are no attic, basement and garage. Stucco is used to finish the facade. The house has an entrance hall, boiler room, hall, bathroom, 2 bedrooms, bathroom, living room and kitchen.

Size 58 m2

Project No 4

This project involves a house with a total area of 61 m2 and a living area of 35 m2. The dimensions of the building are 8x10 m. There is no basement, garage and attic. As exterior finish plaster is used. The walls were built of cellular concrete or foam block. But what exist, and how they look. This article will help you understand.

Size 61 m2

The base is presented in the form of a tape monolithic reinforced concrete slab. The house contains such premises as a vestibule, a boiler room, a steam room, a bathroom, a bedroom, a hall, a wardrobe, a living room.

Project No5

The total area of a one-storey house is 132 m2, and the living area is 68 m2. Basement, garage and attic are missing. As exterior finish facing brick is used. Walls are erected from cellular concrete or foam block.

Size 132 m2

According to the project, the following rooms are concentrated in the house: entrance hall, hall, living room, 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, dining room, kitchen, pantry. But what do small projects look like? two-storey houses from bricks, and how their construction takes place, is described in great detail in this

Two-storey projects

Choose two-storey house with a hipped roof stands for a large family, since such structures are quite roomy.

Project No1

This is a two-story house with a full second floor, made in the traditional style. According to the project, the house has a spacious technical room that can be equipped for storing tools. The daily part of the house is divided into a living room, dining room and kitchen. Under flight of stairs there is a small storeroom. In a spacious room on the 1st floor there can be an office, which, if necessary, can be converted into a living room. On the second floor there are 3 spacious bedrooms and 2 bathrooms.

Size 225 m2

The total area of the house is 225 m2, and the living area is 172 m2. The roof is made at a slope of 30 degrees. Its area is 255 m2. The walls are built from ceramic blocks or cellular concrete. Solid type cover. To cover the roof, ceramic tiles, metal tiles are used.

What does a one-story country frame panel look like cottage 4x6 can be seen in this article:

Project No3

This project involves the construction of a compact two-story house made in a strict style. The laconic form highlights hipped roof and a well-designed façade. 4 people can comfortably live in such a house.

The first floor serves as a day area. There is a spacious living room, dining room and kitchen. Between the rooms there are partitions that can be demolished at will.

There is also a spacious bathroom on the first floor. On the second floor there are 3 bedrooms. One of them has a dressing room. There is also a shared bathroom on the second floor.

Size 114 m2

The living area of the house will be 114 m2. The roof is made at a slope of 22 degrees, its area is 114 m2. For the construction of walls, cellular concrete or ceramic blocks are used. Solid type cover. The arrangement of the roof can be carried out using ceramic tiles, metal tiles and cement-sand tiles.

Types of hipped roofs

The four-pitched roof structure can be made in several versions, among them:

Classic. She has straight rafters without fractures, corner ribs originate from the ridge. All overhangs are concentrated on the same level.
Shatrovaya. This option involves the convergence of all edges at one central point.
Danish hip. It has short slopes of gables in the upper part. It will be possible to provide full-fledged vertical windows in the Danish roof.
Broken or attic hip. This design is difficult to manufacture, but it can be used to allocate a large area for living rooms.

On the video - a classic hipped roof:

The roof is just as important an element of the house as its walls and foundation, and therefore its choice should be taken responsibly. The most practical is a hipped roof, about the drawing and arrangement of which we will tell in much more detail.

Four-pitched roof - is it worth it to use this option?

This type of roof consists of two triangular-shaped slopes and two slopes in the form of a trapezoid. The main feature is that during construction there is no need to equip the front of the roof, due to which the construction process itself is greatly simplified. Any form of roofing has its advantages and disadvantages.

Of course, The main advantage of a four-slope building is considered outer beauty, but you can not ignore the improved thermal insulation properties. The pluses include the fact that the attic becomes larger when using such a design, the main thing is to reduce its lower size. Additional benefits include:

Functionality, stability and durability;
High resistance to loads (snow, strong winds, rain);
Uniform heating of the area, which allows you to maintain a comfortable temperature in the attic.

But, like any building structure, such a roof has its drawbacks. And the most important of them is the complexity of installation due to the rather large weight. Therefore, you definitely cannot do without assistants during installation. Other disadvantages include:

When erecting such a structure in the northern regions, it is necessary to use insulating materials, which leads to an increase in the cost of work;
If you are going to build an attic, you will have to spend money on building walls and installing windows.

Varieties of a hipped roof - what to choose?

A four-pitched roof is considered to be the most complex structure, but also the most durable, providing scope for the imagination of designers, because with its help you can create a wide variety of designs. Having decided on the type of roof, it will be possible to proceed with its construction.

Roof types:

Hipped, which is four triangular shapes that converge at one point, due to which a pyramid is formed. Depending on what the base of the roof will be, the shape of the slopes also depends.
Hip, which belongs to the most complex buildings, is most often used when you are building a rectangular house. It consists of several triangular slopes and two trapezoidal ones. Despite some difficulties during construction, it is this type of roof that is considered the most practical.
Danish (half-hip), different uneven surfaces, which divide the roof plane into several triangles. This design is best suited for buildings built in the northern regions.

Four-pitched roof: drawing, calculation and projects

First we need to carry out design work: we carry out and draw a drawing. Remember about the slope, which varies from 5 ° to 60 °, it all depends on the type of roof, the purpose of the attic and atmospheric loads:

So, in the northern regions, characterized by strong winds, roofs should be made with a slight slope.
For heavy loads, the roof should have a slope of 45°-60°.

The choice of material for covering the structure largely depends on this parameter. If the slope is 5°-10°, you should choose asbestos cement sheets or roll cover roofing metal selected for a roof with a slope of 14°-60°, a tiled roof is suitable for a slope of 30°-60°. In the course of design work, it is necessary to decide which rafters will be used in the construction of the roof - hanging or inclined.

You need to find out if you need additional elements to maintain the strength of the structure: braces or puffs. The design process allows you to take into account all kinds of loads on the rafters, which include:

Weight of roofing material;
The weight of other elements that make up the roofing "pie" (insulation material, steam and waterproofing);
The amount of precipitation;
Equipment that is installed on the roof (stairs, dormer windows, aerators).

You must also take into account the slope of the slopes - this will help calculate all the parameters of the rafters. Such a project necessarily includes drawings of rafters, the nodes of their connection with other elements, the location of the crate. If you have such a project on hand, you will be able to calculate the required materials for arranging rafters and roofing.

However, it is worth remembering that any mistake at this stage can lead to negative consequences in the process of purchasing materials, which will lead to additional costs. And if you understand that you cannot do the work yourself, it is best to turn to specialists - they will be able to calculate all the loads and draw up a competent project that will meet all the specified requirements.

Rafter system and hipped roof device

When creating such a structure, slanting (diagonal) rafters are used, which are directed to the corners of the structure. They must be created from a double beam, since this type of rafter must withstand a large load due to the weight of the roof. Their other feature is the use of rafters (short rafters), which rest against the rafters - this will allow the structure to withstand even more weight.

If you decide to build a roof and truss system yourself, be sure to calculate the loads, since all your further work will depend on this. The following loads can affect the system: the weight of the roof, the weight of the lathing, purlins, as well as loads in the form of snow and wind. For middle lane our country, according to experts, the load is approximately 180 kg per square meter, in winter this figure rises to 450 kilograms.

Please note: during the design of the rafters, you must carry out several calculations, the first of which is aimed at identifying strength, and the second - at determining the degree of their deformation.

Suitable materials:

Many choose a rectangular bar to create them, either wooden planks, the cross section of which is 5 * 15 * 20 cm. It is best to choose conifers(pines, larch, spruces).
Steel elements can be used to increase rigidity. Such structures will be much stiffer and stronger than wood systems.
After installing the structure, we proceed to the manufacture of the crate, for which you need to use wooden boards up to 5 cm wide. The main thing is to make sure that the material is dry and practical, which guarantees its durability.

Before this, a film is laid, thanks to which the roof will be isolated from moisture and steam. She is fastened construction stapler. Only after that we can proceed to the arrangement of the roof. The next step is the laying of roofing material, which we will choose based on our preferences and financial capabilities, taking into account, among other things, the strength and shape of the roof. The material is fastened securely and carefully, pay special attention to ensure that snow and rain do not penetrate the roof.

Installation of truss systems

As we have already said, such a roof consists of braces, rafters, support beams and other parts that give the structure rigidity and reliability. To create a roof, you must first install the rafters - the result of all your work depends on this.

A four-pitched roof, also called a hip roof, is the most popular in the construction of individual housing in most European countries. Except, perhaps, Scandinavia, which has a similar climate and building traditions with central and northern Russia. The Varangians, like the Eastern Slavs, preferred to build from solid wood and arrange simple gable roofs. In our time of comprehensive globalization, all branches of human activity, including architecture and construction, are subject to. hip roof country house now fell in love with the inhabitants of the CIS countries and has become an integral part of the landscape of our villages and small towns.

Note the pros and cons hipped roof in comparison with the more common and structurally simple gable.

Benefits of a hip roof:

A properly designed and assembled hip roof, due to the absence of vertical end walls (pediments or gables), has low airflow resistance. Accordingly, it resists hurricane winds in the best way and is less prone to destruction of the roof in places of cornice overhangs (it does not have gables).
The four-pitched roof, due to the angular ribs converging to the ridge support beam, has a rigid structure and is not subject to any serious deformations.
The hip roof allows you to build large overhangs on all four sides of the building, thereby protecting the facades from precipitation.
A four-pitched roof makes a house with an attic visually lower. This is important when a building needs to be built into an existing one-story building without disturbing the balance and character of the building.
The hip roof is beautiful. Although not everyone agrees with this.

Four-slope roof of a two-story country house. Large overhangs protect walls well from rain and snow

Hip roof disadvantages:

Another option for integrating full-fledged windows into the roof.

Varieties of a hipped roof

The classic roof with four slopes assumes straight rafters without fractures, corner ribs start from the ridge, all overhangs are at the same height.
The main type of hipped roof. Two end sides have the shape of a triangle, the other two are trapezoids. Large overhangs protect the facade well from precipitation, and you can safely walk around the house in the rain.
A hipped roof is a type of hipped roof in which all the ribs converge at one central point.
A hipped roof is more suitable for a square house plan.
The Danish hip roof is a type of four-slope roof with gables located in the upper part of the short slopes.
Diagram of the truss system of a Danish hipped roof. A small tong at the top of the short slope is used for ventilation or lighting.
Full vertical windows can be built into the Danish roof.
vertical windows
Another variation of the complex Danish hip roof with two slopes at the short end.
This type of roof is called Dutch.
The half-hip roof (also called the gabled half-hip roof) is actually a variation of the gable roof, since all the rafter legs resting on the mauerlat are installed on the long side and parallel to each other.
A broken hipped roof is also called a mansard hip roof. It is more difficult to manufacture, but allows you to allocate a large area for living quarters.
The broken shape of the roof makes it possible to use the attic space more rationally, but it is more expensive
The sloping hipped roof is a distinctive feature of the traditional architecture of China, Japan and Korea. Only they make a break in the wrong direction, which we are used to.
The hip roof can be not only hipped, various combinations are possible different types structures.
Combined type roofs, where the hip and gable construction are combined.

This roof is hipped, but there are many more slopes than four. But the principle by which the truss system is assembled is the same as that of a simple four-pitched one.

Design features of the truss system

Consider how to make a hipped roof on your own, while ensuring its reliability and strength. We choose a simple design with a central support.

Since only part of the rafters in the central sector of the long side have a full length and converge in the ridge zone, not the entire rafter system can be pulled together with puffs - in the hip zone they will not work as in gable roof. In addition, often in the struggle for the height of the attic floor, the Mauerlat is located much higher than the plane of the floor and beams (puffs). Therefore, we will proceed from the fact that in our case, the truss system of a hipped roof will not use puffs as a structural element. The main load in the center of the roof will be carried by a beam located in the ridge zone: it will be supported by slanting and ordinary full-sized rafter legs.

Standard hipped roof construction with support in the ridge area

The ridge support beam must be supported by racks. In order to perceive a fairly solid load from them, ideally, there should be an internal load-bearing wall below. If there is none, the floor beams must be strong enough to support the weight of the central part of the roof. In case the first floor is covered with prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs floors, their bearing capacity, as a rule, is sufficient and the pillar supports can be placed on the slabs through a horizontal wooden beam.

It is not necessary that the support should be located in the ridge area. Racks can be placed on the sides of the ridge, that is, there can be two or more support zones located along the ridge.

The photo shows that the skate does not rest on the racks.

The ridge is supported on both sides along the ridge on the racks. In this case, the racks directly support the rafters, the beam was not used. Each rafter beam has its own stand. Pretty solid solution.

A four-pitched roof over a small building can be mounted without racks

With small spans (up to 4 meters), you can do without racks. However, if possible, at least in the areas of intersection of the ridge with the braids, it is worth placing one puff and a rack each.

A small structure is covered without the use of racks or puffs

truss system the hipped roof is almost identical to the hip hip roof. Only instead of a ridge beam it is recommended to install a central support. Or arrange a closed support contour of beams and racks.

Variants of the hipped roof truss system. In the diagram on the left, the corner rafter (slope) rests on the truss, a similar solution can be used for all types of hip roofs.

The sequence of installation of a hipped roof

First of all, as in all types of roofs, a Mauerlat is mounted. For frame houses this is the top harness wall panel, for log cabins - the upper crown. As a Mauerlat, a wooden beam with a cross section of 10x10 cm or more is used, more often at least 10x15 or 15x15 cm. It is necessary to strive to ensure that it is solid along the entire length. The fastening of the beam must be given Special attention. For stone wall ideal solution will be reinforced concrete monolithic belt in the support zone of the Mauerlat with embedded parts pre-mounted in it (threaded studs from M12 and above). If this is not possible, you will have to fix the studs with metal expansion dowels in the masonry.

Mauerlat mounting scheme in masonry

Mauerlat connections along the length should not be made end-to-end, but in an overlay, with multiple connection points. The corners must be securely connected with metal plates, corners, staples.

The layout of the Mauerlat on the wall. Pay attention to the junction of elements and the connection of corners. On the right, the installation of a beam on a monolithic belt is shown.

The next step is the installation of racks and the installation of the supporting ridge or side beams parallel to it. For racks, as a rule, a beam of 10x10-10x15 cm is chosen, for a beam of a higher section: 8x16, 10x20 and more. The optimal ratio of width to height is 1 / 1.5-1 / 2, then the beam twists less when it dries. The same rule is true for the rafter beam.

The rack and support beam in this case are parallel to the ridge

IN frame-panel houses support beams are often not used, they put only racks with a rafter pitch. In any case, a beam is placed on the skate, only of a smaller section. You can use an ordinary truss element. The skate is supported on temporary racks, which are then removed. The ridge serves as a guide element for mounting the entire structure.

Racks are installed in frame house. After installing the rafters, they are cut at the desired height.

Such a support contour is placed under a hipped roof, it replaces the central support

In the third place, they put corner (sloping) rafters. The loads on them are higher and the cross section should be higher. Although sometimes they prefer to first put the privates of full length, and only then mount the braids. This is unprincipled.

Hip roof truss system wooden frame. In this case, they did without any racks at all, instead they pulled the upper part of the rafters with double horizontal ties. It is better to mount the rafters on the wall of the log house on sliding supports.

First, racks and a ridge beam are mounted. The next step is the rafters, ordinary ones are placed. Corner (sloping) rafters are mounted from a bar of the same section as the rest. It is not right. The load on it is much higher and the cross section should be more powerful.

Sliding supports - the best solution for attaching rafters to the wall for a log house

Then the remaining rafter legs are mounted, including shortened ones. The rafters themselves must be solid, in last resort at the joint, it is necessary to install linings with a length of at least 1.5 meters and fix them on both sides at several points. Connections wooden elements can be made with an overlap, using overhead metal plates. In the areas where the rafters are supported on the Mauerlat and beams, support cuts should be made and strong metal elements should be used.

This is how the rafters are attached to the mauerlat and beams

In accordance with the table, you can roughly determine the cross section wooden beam For rafter legs.

For the corner rafter, the value obtained must be increased by at least 1.5 times

The rafter system is ready. Now you need to choose the type of roof and start building a suitable base for it: solid flooring or battens, if necessary, counter-battens and wind protection.

A do-it-yourself four-slope roof is quite a feasible task, at least for a house that is not difficult in terms of plan. General principles for all types of hip roof: the mauerlat must be well fixed and connected at the corners, you need to start from the ridge, the racks need good grounds. It is necessary to ensure reliable support of the roof with a large span and to monitor the reliability of all connections.

The fixation of the elements will be better when using special modern metal fasteners for wood, and it will be easier to work. Of course, you must have at least basic carpentry skills. Having a power tool helps a lot: a drill, a circular saw or a chainsaw. You also need to stock up hand tool: saws, chisels, hammers. You will need measuring devices: carpentry level, plumb line, tape measure, cord.

The aesthetic qualities of the roof play important role in the form of a residential building. But much more important is the reliability and durability of its design. A careful choice of its type and shape will ensure that the roof meets the needs of the developer.

four pitched roofs private houses have excellent indicators of wind resistance. Look the best one-story houses with a hip roof, because this type is suitable for buildings with a large area, and gives them solidity. individual feature their complex design is the mandatory presence of dormer and dormer windows, providing good level lighting and natural ventilation. With an equal area of a private house, the area of \u200b\u200bthe hip roof will exceed the area of \u200b\u200ba gable roof. This causes an increase in the cost of its implementation for the developer.

In the Z500 catalog for two-story and one-story houses with an area of 100 m2, four pitched roofs of hip-type houses are provided. Such houses are popular among developers, so we regularly update the collection with new ones. standard projects. You can buy our projects at prices that are at the average market level of 2017.

If among the ready architectural projects offered in the catalog do not fully meet your requirements, then for a separate payment an original one with a hipped roof can be developed. There may also be a layout of houses with a hipped roof.

Project plans for houses with a hipped roof: features of the roof structure

A roof with four slopes can be hip or hipped. The hipped roof has slopes converging at one point. The hip roof consists of two triangular slopes and two trapezoidal, which are connected by means of a ridge beam.

When choosing projects for houses with a hipped roof (photos, videos, drawings, diagrams, sketches can be viewed in this section) for turnkey implementation, it is important to take into account such a factor as the angle of the roof.

Plans for houses with a hipped roof: conditions for choosing the angle of the roof

Since the slope angle allows the roof to drain precipitation freely, it is considered the most significant criterion for safety, practicality and aesthetic characteristics. Its value lies in the range from 15 to 65˚ and depends on:

Climatic zone of construction. If it involves a large amount of precipitation, then it is advisable to provide a steep roof, the slope of which will be at least 45 °. Less steep slopes are suitable for areas with a dry climate. A sloping roof with an angle of inclination not exceeding 30˚ should be performed for buildings prone to gusty frequent winds.
Roof covering material. For roll materials a slope angle of 2-25 ° should be provided, when using piece elements - from 15 °, large-sized elements (metal tiles and slate) are laid on slopes with an angle of inclination from 25 °ﹾ.
The presence of an attic floor. If the layout of projects of houses with a hipped roof provides for the presence of this room of this room, then for a comfortable stay in it, it is important to correctly choose the slope in order to prevent a decrease in the area of the attic and the height of its premises in the case of understating its values, and the organization of a large unused space under the ridge due to its overgrowth. In the case of an attic cottage, the slope of the roof should lie within 38 ° - 45 °. For roof slopes less than 30°, the best option there will be an attic design.

An increase in the angle of inclination of the slopes and, as a result, the need for more materials arises due to an increase in the length of the rafters and the area of \u200b\u200bthe structure, therefore, the estimate for its construction increases significantly.

As you know, the vast majority of private buildings have pitched roof, as a rule, this gable roof. Many generations have passed since this type of roof frame was invented, therefore, people are already used to it. But despite this, several decades ago, many developers decided that they were already tired of this type of building, and it was time to change something. The double-pitched roof was replaced by one-story houses with a four-pitched roof. In this article I will analyze the advantages and disadvantages of such a truss system, the structure and its varieties.

Advantages of a hipped roof house

Before considering the pros and cons, a few words about definitions need to be said. The four-pitched roof has a different name in the roofing sphere: "hip". It is divided into several varieties, but I will talk about them a little lower. As you know, everything is known in comparison, so I will point out the advantages of four slopes, comparing them with a simpler design: a gable truss system.

The hip truss system can be classified as correctly structured. There are no vertical end walls(tongs and pediments), therefore, air resistance decreases significantly. This type of roofing system is suitable for areas where there are hurricane winds with sharp gusts. In addition, its cornice overhangs feel more comfortable and collapse more slowly.
The corner ribs that converge near the supporting ridge beam have increased rigidity, so in order to deform the hipped roof, enormous efforts will have to be made.
The hip roof has serious dimensions in area. In addition, cornice overhangs can be produced far beyond bearing walls, thereby creating a visor that will protect the walls of the building from the effects of precipitation.
From a distance, your house will not seem so huge, since the roof does not stand out for its height. This is useful when appearance your site does not allow you to place large structures.
The hip roof can accommodate almost everything on its surface. roofing materials, but many developers prefer to cover it with soft products.

IMPORTANT: If you live in an area with high rainfall, then due to the ability to create large eaves, a pitched roof is one of the best options.

The disadvantages include the following:

Create hip roof somewhat more complicated, since there are much more elements in it. In addition, the amount of materials increases the price tag. But again, the lack of gables reduces stonework, so this needs to be studied on a case-by-case basis.
If the finished building contains skylights located at the ends, then during heavy rain they must be closed, otherwise a large puddle will form on the floor.
Due to the design of the roof frame, part of the attic space will be "eaten up". This point is especially important if you want to create attic floor.
Most developers install skylights on the hips so that they let natural light into the attic floor. If you are planning the same, then you need to know one fact. Be sure to check this window before it starts to rain. If it is not closed, then water will flow into the room without problems, which can seriously damage things inside.

IMPORTANT: If you plan to display dormer windows along the hips, then it is better to make them vertical. In construction, this is called bat". Ondulin or metal tiles are ideal for this type of roof.

Here is what the projects of one-story houses with a hipped roof look like:

Structural elements

A four-pitched roof consists of planes intersecting with each other. The two end planes are triangles and are called hips. As for the facade, they have the shape of a trapezoid and occupy the vast majority of the entire roof space. The roof slope of this roof varies from 15 to 60 degrees. Such coolness allows you to place almost any roofing on the surface.

The structural side of such a roof must necessarily include the following elements:

Skate. Any pitched roof, if you do not take into account the shed, is difficult to imagine without this element. Due to the fact that there are quite a lot of lumber in the roof frame, it is better to install a ventilated ridge. Thus, the problems natural ventilation will be less, and the moisture will leave faster.
The slopes themselves. By the way, depending on the design of the building, the area of \u200b\u200bthe parts of the roof may differ from each other.
eaves and gable overhangs. These sections of the roof are designed to divert falling precipitation from the walls of the building. They are created by attaching fillies to the ends of the rafter legs.
The rafter system is the frame of the entire roof and must be made of durable wood. The ideal material for this are conifers.
Drainage system. Despite the fact that most private buildings have only one floor, precipitation drainage is a prerequisite for the operation of the building. Otherwise, a situation may arise when the foundation simply cracks due to moisture.
Depending on the roofing snow guards are selected. They can be different types so it all depends on where you live.

Example good home with a hipped roof, you can see in the photo above.

Types of hipped roof

Many types of roof structures have been invented for a long time, but relatively recently they were assembled into some system, where the main ones were noted, and the subspecies were dismantled.

The hip roof has four varieties:

Standard four-slope system. There is nothing superfluous here, so to speak a classic. Four slopes, triangular on the sides, and trapezoidal from the facades. All planes are assembled at the top point and form a ridge knot. A feature of this design is that the length of the ridge is much less than the length of the entire building. Oddly enough, the truss system of a standard hip roof belongs to the category of increased complexity, so it can hardly be assembled on your own without proper preparation.
Half hip Dutch. Looking at such a roof, you can immediately establish similarities with gable roofs. The fact is that the Dutch system has two large trapezoidal slopes, and reduced hips are built from the ends of the house. Thanks to this, ordinary skylights can be installed at the ends, which are much cheaper than attic windows.
Danish half-hip system. There are four slopes here, which in their shape resemble trapeziums, but they differ in size. The hip part of such a roof starts just below the ridge element, and on top of it there is a small triangular pediment. It can be operated to insert a skylight or skylight.

Mansard roof with four slopes. This design has two triangular hips and two broken slopes, the slope of which can be changed at your discretion. This is convenient if you need to make high ceilings on the attic floor.
Surely, you have come across square houses with hipped roofs. Such a rafter system is called a hipped roof.. It requires a fairly high stability, so it is made from isosceles triangles. This variety differs from its counterparts in that all parts of the roofing plane are equal to each other and are a triangle. In addition, on such a roof there is no need to install a ridge element.

IMPORTANT: Projects of houses with a hipped hipped roof should be created taking into account the passages for artificial ventilation. Since without aerators or deflectors, moisture will accumulate in the attic.

A two-story house with a hipped roof will look very beautiful and massive, looking at the photo above, you will definitely say the same.

The composition of the truss system

In the photo of one-story houses with a hipped roof, you can see their beauty and design, but the most basic is hidden inside. The rafter system is the basis of the entire roof, everything rests on it. As mentioned earlier, durable wood species, namely coniferous, are best suited to create a frame. But despite all their qualities, any natural material susceptible to decay and decay. To prevent this, lumber is treated with antiseptics, and flame retardants are applied to them to increase the degree of ignition.

The "skeleton" of this roof has the following elements:

Support beam or otherwise Mauerlat. The entire weight of the structure is distributed precisely along it, after which it goes along the walls and goes into the foundation.
Racks are supporting components. They are placed on a beam or bed and prevent any deformation of the rafter legs.
Rafter. This type of roof has two types of truss elements in its arsenal: diagonal and ordinary. The former form the beginning of the hip slope, and the latter perform supporting functions on trapezoidal slopes.
Puff. This function is performed by the beam. It is located horizontally and pulls together a pair of truss units so that the walls of the building do not go away from the load.
Strut. A beam that is installed at a certain angle with respect to the rafters.
Upper run. An element connecting the upper ends of the racks. At its core, it is a support for the rafters.
Crate. It can be both continuous and discharged. Everything will depend on the roofing materials used.

If you are far from construction, then you will have to hire workers, otherwise you risk doing something out of technology and bringing down the entire roof structure.