What should be the bathroom in the country. Option #2. Metal profile construction. What are the types of village toilets

Foreword

The arrangement of any summer cottage should begin with the construction of a toilet, defining it as the first and most important building in the garden.

Content

If you are the owner of a modest garden house, then with a high degree of probability it does not have a sewer connection, which means that there is no comfortable toilet. In this case, the only option is to look after one of the types of country toilets and place it in the backyard. What are the toilets for giving, and which one to give preference to? Where is it better to place a toilet on the site in order to comply with all sanitary and epidemiological standards?

Which toilet is better to do in the country

The arrangement of any summer cottage should begin with the construction of a toilet, defining it as the first and most important building in the garden. If the site is needed only for spending weekends outdoors in the summer, then you can build a relatively light structure from improvised materials using simple tools. If the cottage suggests permanent residence or long-term stay, it is necessary to provide for the construction of a more permanent structure of the toilet.

What are country toilets and what are their advantages? Most often, there is no sewerage system in summer cottages, therefore, in such cases, yard toilets are mainly erected. Using such a toilet can cause some inconvenience, especially in inclement weather. There are certain advantages of a yard toilet: due to its location away from the country house, there are no unpleasant odors in the living quarters.

If you have not yet decided which toilet is better to make in the country, you will have to choose from three design options: powder closets, toilets with a cesspool or with a retractable tub.

See photos of country toilets various kinds before proceeding with the choice of design:

cubicle country toilet most often constructed from wood, giving it various forms up to a cone. It is this form that is convenient for placing boxes for storing peat, sawdust, ash, etc. in the expanded base of the toilet.

Which toilet to choose for a summer residence is up to the owner of the site to decide. Remember that the outhouse is a place for collecting waste, so the constructive solution for the method of collecting this waste is a defining difference in the options for these buildings.

Which toilet for a summer residence is better, and what are their differences, you will learn on this page.

Which toilet to choose for a summer residence: garden dry powder closet

Dry toilet (powder closet) is a small structure in which there is an ordinary wooden toilet seat with a lid, and under it is an easily removable container. Next to the toilet seat, a container with peat, sawdust or other dry material is installed for powdering (dusting) sewage after each visit to the toilet. Ash, dry peat or peat chips can also be used for such dusting of waste. With a lack of these components in this type of toilets for summer cottages, it is allowed to use a mixture of these materials with dry garden soil. This process of powdering gave rise to the name of this type of toilet.

With the help of powder, you can get rid of an unpleasant odor, prevent the reproduction of flies and get a complete fertilizer.

A properly equipped dry toilet, when used correctly, will be the most suitable low-cost option to operate. The principle of operation of the sewerage of such a toilet is the action of gravity in the presence of a natural slope.

Every 3-4 days, the filled container must be carefully removed through the rear side door and emptied in compost pit or in a special tank, where the contents should be covered with peat or sawdust.

If the toilet is used by 4-5 people or more, it is recommended to empty the container more often. It is advisable to remove the contents daily to make it easier to lift the container. Subsequently, compost suitable for fertilizing the garden can be obtained from it.

When deciding which toilet to make in the country, keep in mind that building a powder closet, along with the cost of a galvanized or enameled bucket, is considered the cheapest option. In addition, there is another advantage of this type of toilet: no approvals are required for its construction. An important feature powder closet is the absence cesspool, therefore, only this type of toilet is allowed to be built even at a high level ground water.

Powder closet in the country is ideal dacha option, especially if a large number of plants are grown on the site, for which the use of fertilizers is expected, because the contents of the storage tank of such a toilet can be easily moved to compost heap.

A dry toilet for a summer residence can be located anywhere on the site; it is allowed to combine it with a bathhouse or other outbuildings. In addition, it can be located near a residential building or in an annex under the same roof with it, provided there is adequate ventilation.

A country dry toilet is very convenient if there is no water supply network on the site. When using peat or peat powder to dust the waste, a kind of homemade peat biological toilet is obtained, which has its own significant advantages over a traditional pit latrine.

At the same time, you do not need to spend extra money on the purchase of plastic peat.

It is necessary to have a compost pit in the summer cottage, since almost all biological toilets found on sale need access to a sewer or compost pit.

Requirements for a dry country peat toilet

For a country peat toilet, it is recommended to use peat, because the bacteria contained in it contribute to the active decomposition of natural human biological waste. In just a few weeks, they turn them into quality garden fertilizer. It is important to cover the waste with a layer of peat after each visit to such a toilet, this will ensure better composting. For a dry toilet in the country, only dry peat is needed. It should be poured into a container next to the toilet seat, and be sure to put it on the bottom of a clean bucket, so that it will be easier to clean the container later. If necessary, instead of a bucket, you can use a tank from half a barrel, so the volume can be increased to 100 liters. A homemade peat biological toilet can be built in cases where there is no necessary conditions for the device of a cesspool, bringing water to the toilet.

If sawdust is used instead of peat in a dry garden toilet, then the desired effect of rapid composting of waste is unlikely to be achieved. Sawdust is recommended to be used in half mixed with peat in the presence of a large receiving capacity (50-100 l). When using sawdust, aeration of the substrate improves. Food waste, plant debris, tops, leaves, weeds and other household waste often fall into the compost pit. When their layer reaches 20-30 cm, it must be sprinkled with peat, sand or dry garden soil, and then it can be poured abundantly with fecal slurry. It should be borne in mind that the addition of feces to the compost mixture, along with dry garden debris, leaves and other organic matter, for hygienic reasons, is possible only if the composting process is carefully controlled.

In no case should the spread of flies be allowed, so the pile should be covered with a film, firmly fixing it on the sides of the pit so that the wind does not blow it away.

The only disadvantage of a dry toilet is the regular transfer of the storage tank to the compost pit after each filling. Large bins filled with waste are quite heavy. To make emptying the container easier, it is recommended to use a standard wheeled waste container.

For simple independent device biological toilet, you can use a large bucket, a litter bag and cat litter. To do this, you need to make a wooden toilet seat based on a large bucket, then put a large garbage bag into it and attach it to the toilet seat using water tape.

As you use the toilet, you need to pour filler into the bag to cat litter. After filling, the bag should be half-tightened with a loop and removed. Then it can be put in a far corner to rot or immediately emptied into a compost pit. In its place, you need to put on a new bag. The procedure for changing the bag should be carried out with gloves.

What kind of toilet to build in the country: backlash closet with a cesspool

If you have not yet decided which toilet to build in the country, consider the following option. A little more expensive is the construction of a country toilet with a concrete cesspool - a play closet. This is a fairly common type of garden toilet, which is an improved version of a rustic latrine with a cesspool.

This type of toilet got its name from the German word "backlash", which means "air", so the main distinctive feature This type of toilet is properly ventilated.

Toilet backlash-closet can be erected in the form of a detached house or attached to the house. A separate yard toilet can be equipped with a pit latrine or a pull-out tub. The easiest way is to build a regular toilet with a cesspool.

In such a toilet, an unpleasant smell from the cesspool often occurs. For a separate toilet, natural air draft is enough, but the hood should be located above the roof at a height of about 1 m. It must be equipped with a protective cap from above.

Do-it-yourself cleaning of the airtight cesspool of the backlash closet must be done once a year, and subject to frequent use of the toilet, for example, if the family consists of 4-5 people or more, then twice a year (spring and autumn).

The contents of the toilet waste in a country house with a cesspool is a thick, viscous mass that cannot be pumped out, so the cesspool must be emptied manually. Such a cleaning procedure is unpleasant, but such cesspools are still quite popular due to the simplicity of their design.

Pit latrines with their own hands are successfully built in villages and villages, but it should be borne in mind that this waste is unacceptable if feces are to be used in compost.

The device of a country toilet backlash-closet with a cesspool with their own hands (with photo)

The design and arrangement of a country toilet with a cesspool can be chosen, guided by the presence of certain building materials. If the farm does not have boards for erecting a booth, then you can first build a wooden frame by wrapping it with an opaque film or finishing it with roofing felt.

As you can see in the photo, the backlash-closet has a distinctive feature is the presence exhaust ventilation cesspool:

TO back wall booths should be mounted ventilation riser, made of asbestos-cement pipe with a diameter of 100-150 mm. To do this, you can build a box knocked down from the boards. The width of each side of such a box should be approximately 150 mm. When performing exhaust ventilation of the cesspool, it is necessary to monitor the tightness of all connections, which is the main condition for quality work.

The cesspool for the backlash closet is a pit up to 1.5 m deep, the bottom of which, for ease of cleaning, should be made with a slight slope towards the hatch. The pit latrine arrangement may be pressurized or filtered. Its structure depends on the specific conditions. For a large family, it is recommended to build a cesspool with a volume of at least 2 m, while it must be airtight. Such a cesspool is considered the most environmentally friendly, as it does not pollute the soil, but it requires regular cleaning. The filtered cesspool can be cleaned much less frequently, but the waste from it will in any case seep into the ground. Such a cesspool is allowed to be arranged only with a daily volume of drains up to 1 m. In addition, during its construction it is recommended to use concrete rings for the well.

From above, the cesspool should be insulated so that it does not freeze. Above it, you must first lay wooden or reinforced concrete beams, and then install and fix the toilet cubicle on them.

With absence concrete floor above the pit, the open space should be tightly closed with boards, and roofing material should be placed on top of them.

The bottom of the cesspool should be located 1 m above the maximum (autumn-spring) groundwater level.

The construction of a toilet with a retractable bucket is a more economical option, but it must be borne in mind that the feces removed from such a toilet cannot be used as fertilizer, they need to be pre-composted. In no case should you build an overflow pit for the toilet, reminiscent of and consisting of concrete rings or other material, but without a bottom. This design can lead to contamination of groundwater with runoff.

Where to place a country toilet: placement standards on the land

When placing a toilet on the site, there are certain sanitary norms and rules that must be followed when building a toilet in the country. When choosing the optimal location for the construction of a pit latrine, several rules should be observed. The distance from the well to the toilet must be at least 25 m. Otherwise, the quality cannot be guaranteed. well water used for domestic purposes. The toilet is not recommended to be built in the center of the suburban area. It is best to choose a place at some distance from the country house.

When the site is located at an angle, the toilet should be built in the lowest place. According to the rules, the well should be located on a slope higher than the toilet. This is necessary to prevent sewage from the cesspool from entering the well, but on an elevated part, the well can sometimes produce too little water. In addition, the toilet cesspool located below the slope may be in the zone of groundwater occurrence, therefore, with a difficult terrain of the summer cottage, it is necessary to choose places for the construction of a well and a toilet with a cesspool with extreme caution.

When choosing a place for a toilet in the country, you should also take into account the wind rose, which will save you from unpleasant odors. It is recommended to build a toilet from the side of a blank wall of the building, if any. In no case should a pit toilet be located next to a terrace or veranda, as a strong smell can spread from it in the summer.

It is necessary to consider a method for cleaning the cesspool. If possible, when placing the toilet on land plot it is recommended to organize an entrance for a sewage truck that pumps waste from septic tanks, drains and cesspools. This machine is quite large. It should be borne in mind that a 7 m long hose is used for pumping, of which 3 m are lowered into the pit, and 4 m of the hose are unwound around the site.

Before proceeding with the construction of the toilet, it is necessary to determine the depth of groundwater in the area. If it is less than 2 m, then a powder-closet type toilet should be built. With a groundwater depth of more than 2.5 m, it is possible to build a toilet with a cesspool or a backlash-closet type.

according to the rules of placement latrine on the site, it must be removed from residential buildings at a distance of at least 12 m.

The cesspool should be located at a sufficient distance from drinking water wells, areas with fruit plants and from places where domestic animals or birds are kept. Even a dry-type toilet should not be closer than 5 m from a residential building. A cesspool-type toilet should be at least 1-1.5 m away from the border with a neighboring site. Drainage from a cesspool should not pollute groundwater and nearby water bodies, so such pits should be carefully isolated.

The key to a comfortable stay in a private house is based on three “pillars”: a reliable foundation, a good roof and a well-equipped sewerage system. Most imagine a bathroom country house as "outdoor amenities", but today a large selection of building materials opens up many opportunities to organize a toilet inside the house, just like in an ordinary city apartment. In this article we will tell you how to build a toilet in a private house with your own hands at minimal cost.

Let's start with perhaps the simplest and most common way to build a toilet - using a cesspool. Of course, the sewer system is much more convenient, but not everyone has the opportunity to equip it. As for the cesspool, it does not require any professional skills, financial investments, and anyone can handle such work if desired. But first you need to decide where the toilet will be located - in the house or on the street in a separate room. It will be necessary to equip a cesspool in both cases. The most "popular" form of a toilet in a private house is the so-called backlash closet. The principle of its operation is identical to the village bathroom, but appearance its much more aesthetic. Location selection To choose the right location for the toilet, it is necessary to build on not only personal preferences. Several factors must be taken into account. First, what distance will be between the toilet and the source of drinking water. It is desirable that the well be as far away from the latrine as sewage can contaminate it. The minimum distance should be 20 m (preferably 25-30 m). The second point follows from the first - drains should not poison groundwater or land, so they should be carefully isolated. And finally, we must take into account the constant direction of the wind, so that unpleasant odors go away from the territory and nearby houses. The easiest way to make a powder-closet is an ordinary wooden house, mounted on a support made of wooden beams or reinforced concrete blocks. In this case, the function of a cesspool is performed by a small container, which must be emptied as it is filled. This method has its inconveniences, but it takes the least time and requires virtually no investment. Pit device If you do not have the desire to constantly mess with the sewage tank, you will have to organize a cesspool. The surest option for its installation is reinforced concrete rings, but even without them it is quite possible to make a full-fledged toilet in a private house with your own hands. How to make a cesspool: It does not interfere with ventilation. To do this, use ceramic and asbestos cement pipes 100-150 mm in diameter. Connect the exhaust pipe to the backlash channel located at the chimney of a solid fuel stove or fireplace. If the house is adjusted gas heating, the channel must be heated by a tubular electric heater up to 40 W, located inside the pipe. It will be stable in the backlash channel good hood if all joints are sealed. Sewerage in a private house To make a warm toilet in a private house, you will need to organize a complete sewer system with a cesspool, piping and other plumbing delights. We must warn you that such work requires not only thorough preparation and financial investments, but also at least a superficial understanding of the principles of sewerage operation. Location selection If the restroom is located inside a residential building, this does not mean at all that it can be done anywhere. The dimensions of the toilet in a private house are usually small, so a room the size of a small pantry is ideal for it. As for the location, it is better to choose a site closer to the drain well so as not to lay pipes under the whole house. To solve several problems at once, you can equip a combined toilet and bathroom in a private house, install in the same room washing machine and other necessary equipment. But it also happens that there is simply no extra free space. In this case, you will have to select some corner of the room or corridor and fence it off with partitions. The entrance to such a bathroom can be cut through in an adjacent wall. Suitable for construction inexpensive materials like chipboard, plywood and drywall. Important: If you are building a toilet inside the house, be sure to make double walls and place soundproofing material between them. Build partitions only after laying communications, so as not to work in crowded areas. sewerage scheme Before embarking on such a responsible task as laying a sewer, everything must be carefully planned and done. detailed diagram, and even several schemes. To begin with, it should be clarified that the sewage system consists of 2 parts: internal (riser, plumbing, pipes, wiring) and external (communications leading from the house to the cleaning station, centralized system or septic tank). In this chapter, we will look at how to make a sewer with a septic tank. It is recommended to create a scheme at the design stage of a building in order to place all “wet” rooms as close to each other as possible. If the kitchen, bathroom and toilet are next to each other, much less pipes will be required. The wiring diagram is arbitrary - there are no strict rules. The toilet diagram in a private house shows one of the possible variations: When creating a drawing, keep in mind that pipes with a diameter of 100 or 110 mm with a total length of 1 m will be required to drain water from the toilet. For drains from the kitchen and bathroom, PVC pipes of a smaller diameter should be used - about 50 mm. Make various turns by connecting the 2 plastic elbows at a 45° angle to minimize the risk of clogging. Otherwise, this place will be constantly clogged, and cleaning the sewer is quite difficult. Another important point is the choice of a riser or collector pipe. Actually, the organization of wiring and, in general, all further work will depend on this. How to mark up a toilet in a private house (video): The sequence of creating the scheme: Draw up a detailed plan of the house and transfer it to graph paper on a suitable scale. To do this, measure all walls, spans, etc. with a tape measure. Calculate where the riser(s) will be located. If each floor has its own toilet or combined bathroom, designate the installation locations for plumbing and how to connect it to the system. For each floor, you can make your own scheme. Mark on the diagram the route of the pipes from the toilet (sink, bath, shower, etc.) to the riser and fittings. Specify all fasteners (tees, bends, etc.). Determine the dimensions of the riser and the fan pipe (we will talk about it a little later). Add up the dimensions of all the pipes inside the house before releasing. Draw up an external sewerage scheme, starting from the outlet, ending with the entrance to the septic tank. Pipe selection The choice of pipes depends on where they will be laid - inside or outside. And if earlier there was only one answer to all questions - cast iron, today the most practical products are pvc pipes and PP. For risers, pipes with a diameter of 100 and 110 mm are used, to drain liquid from the bathroom, washing machine and other plumbing fixtures - 40 and 50 mm. For outdoor sewerage use stronger pipes orange color. The table shows the pros and cons of using the most popular sewer pipes. Internal sewerage Installation internal sewerage is perhaps the most difficult and time-consuming task. To do this, it is better to enlist the support of at least one assistant in order to organize everything as quickly and efficiently as possible. All joints must be absolutely tight, for which they should be lubricated silicone sealant. In places where pipes pass through walls, it is imperative to install sleeves. It is extremely important to properly organize the slope of the pipes so that the wastewater can flow independently in the right direction and does not stagnate inside the system. All standards and requirements are detailed in the relevant SNiP. The angle of inclination directly depends on the diameter of the products used. For sewer diameter 100 and 110 mm slope is 2 cm per 1 sq. m, for thinner plumbing - 3 cm per 1 sq. m. First of all, you should make a release, so that later the external and internal system matched each other. An outlet is a part that combines the outlet of the riser and the pipe leading to the septic tank. The outlet is laid through the foundation wall at a depth below the freezing level of the soil, so this point should be clarified in advance. In some cases, it can be laid above the freezing level, but then you will have to spend money on high-quality thermal insulation of the pipe. Otherwise, in winter time all drains will freeze, and the toilet can only be used after the thaw. If the organization of the system takes place at the foundation construction stage, the holes for the outlet are made immediately, if the house is already standing, you will have to punch an opening for the installation of a drain pipe equipped with a sleeve. The sleeve looks like a piece of pipe with a thickness of 130-160 mm and protrudes on both sides of the house by at least 150 mm. The outlet diameter must be smaller than the riser diameter. The task of the sleeve is to set a slope towards the septic tank of 2 cm per 1 sq. m. Riser installation It is desirable to place the riser in the toilet itself, given that the recommended distance from it to the toilet should be 1 m. The structure itself can be open or masked with a plasterboard box. It depends on whether you will install the pipes in close proximity to the walls or place them in special niches. To connect sewer pipes to the riser, use oblique tees, and at the attachment points of pipes of various diameters, use adapters with appropriate connectors. Where pipes from the bathroom, sink or shower will be connected, install collector pipe 100 or 110 mm in diameter. Be sure to use water seals to prevent the release of unpleasant odors. Important: to eliminate possible blockages in the future, it is necessary to install a special tee (revision) on each floor of the house. To make clearing blockages easy and quick, install a clearer on the pipes after each turn. Installation and withdrawal of the fan pipe also plays an important role. This is a pipe that is a continuation of the riser and goes to the roof of the building. It is needed to ventilate the sewer system (the key to stable operation of the septic tank), maintain a constant atmospheric pressure in the system (prevents water hammer and air discharge). Thus, the durability of the entire sewage system depends on the arrangement of the fan pipe. It should be connected to the riser only after a revision has been installed on it. Removal is carried out through the attic at a convenient angle, as shown in the image below. In no case do not connect the fan pipe to the general ventilation system or chimney! The outlet of the pipe should be located as far as possible from windows or balconies (minimum 4 m) and 70 cm from the roof. Ventilation outlets, chimney and fan pipe must be at different levels. External sewerage If you have coped with the installation of a toilet and a shower room in a private house, then it will not be difficult to equip the outer part. As we have already said, for this they use more durable orange pipes that can withstand the load of several meters of soil and are protected from corrosion. The most important point in this matter is to organize wastewater treatment so that in the event of a leak they do not pollute drinking sources. The best solution this problem will be setting the station deep cleaning, but the cost of such an undertaking will not please any economical owner. The second option is standalone installation. There are many types of them, for example, "Tank" enjoys a good reputation and is relatively inexpensive. And, finally, the most budgetary way is a homemade septic tank. In the image below you can see a plan for arranging the simplest septic tank. Anyone who wants to save money and get a quality wastewater filtration system can handle this job. A settling septic tank consists of a tank or several tanks through which sewage passes. Heavy particles sink to the bottom, and the waters are clarified and undergo final cleaning in the filtration well (mechanical and biological treatment). There are more simple options, for example, when drains are collected in one large container and, as it fills up, they are pumped out by sewers. Installation of such a system is much simpler, but this is where its advantages end, since in the future it is necessary to constantly monitor the level of effluents and pay for the services of sewers. We have described in general terms how to make a toilet in a private house, but in order to do such a grandiose work with high quality, you need to have professional plumbing skills and knowledge. If you are not confident in your abilities, but do not want to use the services of paid specialists, start with simpler methods (a backlash closet device with a small drainage capacity). Toilet in a private house, photo We have prepared a photo collection various ways toilet organization. Perhaps one of the layouts of the toilet in a private house will appeal to you, and you will want to put it into practice.

If a person decides to purchase a suburban area for relaxing with friends or family, the question of how to make a toilet in the country will arise in the first place. A house for the administration of natural physiological needs is an obligatory attribute not only of any dwelling, but also of a backyard territory, where one will have to stay for more than one hour. It is quite logical that each owner will want to start and complete the construction of the toilet that everyone needs as soon as possible. And although at first glance it seems that this is a rather simple matter, you should not rush. You should carefully study the summer cottage area and decide on the choice of a place for a toilet house, taking into account a number of sanitary requirements. And 1 more important point is the choice of the type of restroom, because there are several of them. What kind of toilet is better to build on the territory of a summer cottage?

How to choose the right place for the yard toilet?

Convenient and comfortable for residents of the cottage is the placement of the toilet inside the house. It's warm and dry here. No need to go outside at night or on a rainy day. But such a closet requires a long time for construction and is more expensive in terms of costs. If a person works in the beds, it is preferable to run to the yard toilet, not thinking about the fact that you can stain the floor in the dwelling with earth. Therefore, at first it will be easier and more correct to build a toilet on the street. Where should it be placed on the site? To do everything right, you should take into account the sanitary and hygienic requirements for the arrangement of street closets. This is especially true of latrines with cesspools.

Since the smell is the most unpleasant in them, it is usually customary to place latrines not in the immediate vicinity of the walls of a residential building, but at a distance of 8-10 m from them. Do not plant trees and shrubs near the toilet. The distance between them should be several meters. If there is a well in the country house, then a distance of 50 m should be observed between it and the latrine. If the country house does not stand on the outskirts, but is surrounded by neighbors' plots, you need to think about their comfort. You can’t build a yard closet right in front of their house, even if the plots are separated by a fence (the distance from the fence should be at least 1 m). It is better to place the closet so that the neighbors do not smell from it and do not see it directly in front of them. It is necessary to conduct observations of the wind, to establish in which direction it blows most often. And if there are no buildings nearby, you can arrange a latrine in this place.

An important circumstance is the relief of the suburban area and the presence of groundwater underground. If the suburban area has a slope, then the toilet should be located in a lowland so that the source of water intake is higher than it. In this case, dirty drains will not fall into clean water. It is good when groundwater flows at a depth of 2.5 m, i.e., far enough from the surface of the earth. This means that you can build a latrine with a cesspool on your site. And if the depth of the groundwater level is less than 2 m, types of toilets with containers for collecting sewage are suitable. Otherwise, the soil and water may become contaminated with harmful decay products.

The main types of yard latrines

Having decided on the place of the future toilet, it is worth thinking about its design. Currently, there are several types of latrines that are suitable for giving:

• dry closet;
• powder closet;
• peat latrine;
• chemical toilet;
• latrine with a cesspool.

All of the above water closets, except for the last one, should preferably be installed in areas with groundwater close to the surface of the earth. A latrine with a cesspool is equipped only with a deep flow of groundwater. What are these toilet houses?

by the most simple solution for a summer residence there will be a dry closet. This is a booth that you can buy and install on your site without wasting time building. Inside the cabin there is a two-section container for collecting sewage. Special faeces splitters are poured here. They recycle them and eliminate the bad smell. After 7-8 days after the start of using the dry closet, it will need to be cleaned of sewage, draining them either into other containers or into the soil. This toilet is easy to maintain. But the disadvantage of such a restroom is its cost for some zealous owners.

A chemical water closet is almost no different from a dry closet. The difference lies only in the antiseptics poured into the tank. Chemical reagents that destroy sewage are harmful to environment, they can not fertilize the soil on the site. Therefore, such latrines are better suited for cities. They can be seen at construction sites or mass celebrations.

Powder closet - a toilet structure without a cesspool. It is replaced by any volumetric container (barrel, tank) installed under the toilet seat. All impurities entering the container are immediately sprinkled with sawdust, peat or ash, as if powdered on top to eliminate an unpleasant odor. Hence the name of the closet. When the tank is filled to the top, it is emptied and the contents are used as fertilizer.

A variant of the powder closet is peat toilet. IN cistern dry peat is poured, which enters the tank under the toilet seat and sprinkles sewage.

The most familiar to everyone, but labor-intensive in construction, is considered a restroom with a cesspool. A toilet house is installed above the pit. After filling the pit, the sewage is either removed manually, or sewage trucks are called to help.

How to build a house support for a restroom?

Any outbuilding begins with a drawing. The owner needs to decide on the size of the future closet before purchasing building material. The following sizes of a country toilet are common:

• height - 2 m;
• side width of 1.5 m;
• depth 1-1.2 m.

But you can adjust them as you wish: make the structure taller, more spacious.

To prevent the restroom from being blown away by the wind, it is necessary to provide support for it under the frame. As for the foundation, it is not necessary for a small building. There are several ways to build supports. In the first case, you can make a stable base of bricks or blocks. To do this, at the site of the future toilet, the soil is removed to a depth of 30 cm, then the earth is carefully tamped. The area around the perimeter is laid out with blocks or bricks. A toilet house is installed on top of the support. In the future, it can be easily moved to another location.

In the second case, asbestos pipes with wooden beams can be used as supports. Pipes with a diameter of at least 15 cm and a length of 100 cm will be stable and reliable. First, recesses of 50-80 cm are dug along the perimeter of the base in each of its 4 corners. Asbestos pipes are installed vertically in them, inside of which concrete mortar is poured 1/3. Then inside such supports are inserted wooden bars from 2.3 m long and 5x5 cm in diameter. They will serve as vertical parts of the frame of the future toilet. The tree will be firmly fixed in the concrete solution, only when installing it is necessary to monitor the evenness of the bars so that they are strictly vertical. The rear bars should be 10-15 cm shorter than the front ones, since the roof of the house is usually sloping.

Fabrication of the frame of the closet and its sheathing

By installing vertical support bars and adjusting their height, you can tie the frame. The top screed is made at the level of the roof of the structure. Horizontal slats are nailed around the perimeter of all sides of the house. In front and behind, they should protrude 30 cm beyond the boundaries of the body. Since the roof is made with a small visor and drains rainwater from the restroom so that it does not flow directly onto the wall. The lower screed is performed at the level of the seat or toilet seat at a height of 35-40 cm from the floor of the restroom. The front wall is not touched, because there will be a door. To make the case even stronger, diagonal braces are stuffed on its side and rear walls. 2 more vertical supports are installed on the front wall of the toilet, their height is 190 cm. A horizontal jumper is nailed along their upper line. The door will be inserted into this frame.

Now you should sheathe the structure with the selected material: wood or metal profiles. It is warmer and more comfortable to be inside a wooden toilet. It is better to take boards 1.5-2 cm thick for it. Measure the material in height and nail it vertically to the frame from 3 sides. Be sure to make sure that the boards fit snugly against each other, and there are no gaps between them. From the bottom on the back wall it will be necessary to make a small door from the same boards. Through it, a container filled with sewage will be delivered. To make this process easy, the door is made to the height of the toilet seat and the width of the back wall of the restroom. Hinges are used to fasten the door. The roof of the toilet house can be either slate or wood. To extend the life of a wooden roof, it is covered with roofing material on top.

Arrangement of the toilet seat and door in the restroom

After all 3 walls of the closet are ready, you can start making the door and attaching it to the body of the structure. The dimensions of the door (width, height) must match the opening prepared for it. The boards are knocked together. Screw 2 loops on the toilet body and the door leaf with screws, and hang the door on the wall. Screw the handle inside and out. Another important element of the door is the latch. It is attached to the door from 2 sides. You can close the door with an ordinary hook, a steel latch or a latch - this is already a personal choice for everyone. In order for the restroom to be light, it is advisable to make a small window above the door and glaze it. The window can also be cut out on the side wall of the toilet.

Now it remains to make the most necessary part of the toilet - the toilet seat. As mentioned above, its height is usually no more than 40 cm. Too high a toilet seat is inconvenient, especially for children. The frame of the toilet seat has a width of 50 cm. It, like the walls of the restroom, is sheathed with boards and a hole is cut out in the top center for natural necessities. It shouldn't be too big or small. A container for sewage with a volume of 30-40 liters is placed under the finished toilet seat. The rest of the floor is covered with boards. The wooden toilet house needs to be painted or varnished. When the coating dries, the toilet is completed with the finishing touches. A container for sawdust or peat and a holder (bracket) for toilet paper, put an urn on the floor. Powder closet is ready!

How to make a cesspool?

Some owners prefer the good old pit latrines. How to equip such a restroom? First you need to dig the hole itself with a depth of 150 cm. The slope is made towards the back wall of the future closet. Then all the walls and bottom of the pit are tightly packed with a layer of clay (20-25 cm), you can lay them out with bricks. The toilet house, which is being built, like the powder closet, will be located above the front third of the pit. The base for the restroom is made of wooden beams. Boards are laid over the pit (outside the closet) and upholstered from below with roofing material. A hole is cut in the flooring and the cover is hung on hinges. This will be the hatch. From the pit upwards parallel to the back wall of the toilet, a ventilation pipe must be brought out. Its lower edge should fall 20 cm below the level of the toilet floor, and the upper edge should extend 80 cm above the roof of the closet. A wooden house is installed next to the pipe above the pit and the pipe is fixed to its back wall with clamps. Further around the street toilet for a summer residence is poured concrete pavement(width 1 m). It will not allow rainwater to enter the cesspool.

What kind of restroom to build on suburban area, each owner will decide on his own, but any closet will take a little time and effort. There are pros and cons to building a country toilet with your own hands. But when the design is ready, the person will be proud that he made it himself.

Although we all perfectly imagine what this simple structure looks like, there is no hurry here. First, you should study your site in order to decide what type of toilet you can build, observing all the rules and sanitary standards.

Only after that you can proceed to the construction of the toilet. And although modern summer residents often prefer buying ready-made toilet houses (and they are offered for every taste), the majority still prefer to build a toilet with their own hands, as they say, “from scratch”.

On modern dacha usually equip two toilets - in the house and on the street. The home toilet is used at night or in the rain. Outdoor - while working in the garden and garden. So you can avoid the fact that dirt will be worn from the garden on the soles of the house.

TYPES OF COUNTRY TOILETS

• Classic "rustic" toilet with a pit;
• powder closet;
• play closet;
• dry closet;
• chemical toilet;
• peat toilet.

The design of a country toilet - choose wisely

The most important criterion for choosing the type of toilet for a summer residence is the level of groundwater on the site. With a deep standing groundwater (deeper than 2.5-3.5 m), especially if the water does not rise above two meters from the surface of the earth even in heavy rains, any of the above types of toilet is possible. With a high standing of groundwater, this is exactly what we usually have in the areas middle lane- the water is close to the surface, a classic pit latrine is unacceptable.

When standing groundwater above 2.5 m, the preferred option is powder closet or backlash closet, as well as a bio- or chemical toilet. Since these structures have a sealed cesspool, the waste does not enter the groundwater and is safe in an epidemiological sense. Let's take a closer look at each of the options.

Construction of a toilet in the country: by law and harmony by neighbors

There are clear standards for the placement of a country street toilet. This is especially important for those structures that involve the contact of sewage with soil and groundwater. According to sanitary requirements, to any source of water (well, well, river, lake, stream, etc.) must be more than 25 m.

The door to the toilet should not be located on the side of the neighbors.

On a note

When building a toilet, it is better to take into account the directions of the winds that are most frequent in your participation: unpleasant odors should not bother the neighbors.

When your summer cottage is located slightly on a slope, the toilet should be below the source of clean water - so the waste does not fall into the water.

As for the country house and the buildings of the neighbors

• The toilet must be at least 12 m away from residential buildings, cellars, basements.
• From the structure of the bath, sauna, shower - at least 8 m.
• From enclosures for keeping animals, poultry houses, etc. - at least 4 m.
• From trees and shrubs - at least a meter; at the same distance - from the fence enclosing your summer cottage.

Do-it-yourself toilet - do-it-yourself powder closet

Building a classic "rustic" toilet is not at all difficult and even a novice builder can do it. Therefore, we will focus on the device of a more modern design - a powder closet.

Advantages of powder closet:

• This design does not provide for a cesspool, and this simplifies its construction. No need to dig a ditch.
• Powder closet can be erected next to residential buildings.
• Groundwater is not polluted.

The beginning of any construction is a drawing, since all parts must have accurately calculated dimensions. They should be such that the toilet is easy to use. So, minimum width buildings should be at least 1.5 m, depth - at least a meter, height - 2.2 m. Dimensions can be large, but it is not advisable to make them smaller. Now it's time to decide on the building material. Most often country toilets are made of wood. But you can build a brick toilet, sheathe the walls with a metal profile or slate.

Foundation: laying the foundation of the toilet

The toilet is a light building that does not require a solid solid foundation. Often, a strip foundation is poured under the country toilet - the base is poured only along the perimeter of the walls. When creating a strip foundation for any building, a trench is dug, it is taken out above the zero mark and poured with a cement solution. The role of waterproofing is performed by roofing material. The foundation is filled with crushed stone, rubble stone, gravel, broken bricks. Coarse-grained sand and gravel are poured into the trench in layers, each layer should be compacted and poured with water. At ground level, the foundation is poured cement mortar. The plinth is made of brick and insulated with a layer of roofing material. From the outside of the foundation it is necessary to make a blind area.

But it is much easier to make the simplest foundation for a wooden toilet under a toilet: either bury the supports (pillars - concrete, from timber or logs), or make a foundation from concrete blocks or bricks laid out around the perimeter of the structure.

Operating procedure

1. The first stage is the marking of the area under future building. Accurately mark the corners of the future building.
2. As a foundation, we dig in supports. We need four asbestos-cement pipes, their diameter is about 150 mm. Outside, they should be coated with bituminous mastic.
3. Some types of soils do not have the necessary characteristics for construction: strength, slight compressibility, etc. Peat soils usually compress under load, clay soils swell, and forest-like soils in spring and autumn can settle under the weight of the building. Before starting construction, if you are building a brick toilet, such soils require a series of drainage measures or replacement of soil unsuitable for development. To check, it is enough to dig a hole in the place where the building will stand, with a depth of 0.5 to 1.5 m, and see the composition of the soil. The best option for construction is if your soil is based on fine-grained compacted sand.
4. In the corners of the future building, 4 deep wells (about 70 cm) should be dug. At this depth, pipes are buried in the ground. Although, in general, the depth to which pipes must be buried will depend on the structure of the soil. On some soils, it may be necessary to deepen the pipes by 90-100 cm.
5. Further, the pipes are poured with concrete mortar to a third of the height. Concrete is compacted by removing air bubbles. Support poles are inserted inside the pipes, most often wooden ones, which are fixed with concrete mortar.
6. The poles are fixed so that they protrude to a height of 2.3 m from the ground. The location of the pillars should be even relative to the corners.

The easiest version of the foundation of the toilet

For a light wooden building, it is enough to simply install concrete blocks or bricks. A frame will be placed on them. Such a "foundation" is done like this: upper layer soil is removed to a depth of 30 cm and tightly rammed. A layer of sand is covered at the bottom of the trench, and concrete blocks or bricks are placed on top.

Building a toilet frame

The frame of the country toilet is made of wooden beams with a section of 50 x 50 mm or 80 * 80 mm. Sometimes they take a thicker beam (100 * 100 mm) and even thicker, but this is not advisable. Still need metal corners. The frame is 4 bearing supports installed vertically. We also need a strapping of the roof of our building.

Roof trim: horizontal bars protrude from the body to a distance of about 40 cm. A visor is obtained in front, and a ledge for rainwater drainage is obtained in the back.

We sit well

The correct height of the toilet seat is the key to ease of use of the toilet. A seat that is too high will be uncomfortable for children and short people, too low will cause inconvenience to tall family members. It should be taken into account at what level the floor in the toilet will be located -40 cm upwards is deposited from this height. And keep in mind that there will also be a sheathing on top of the strapping (about 20 mm wide).

Consideration

• Screed at the level of the toilet seat, which will appear later. The bars of this strapping are installed in a spacer to the vertical supports of the frame. The height of the toilet seat to the floor of the toilet should be 40-45 cm.
• For the strength of the frame, diagonal braces are also made on the back and side walls. The frame for fastening the door consists of 2 vertical supports about 1.9-2 m high and a horizontal bar at this height.

On a note

Often, slate or sheets of corrugated board are used to build a country toilet. It is easier to work with them, but in such a toilet it will be uncomfortable. wooden walls allow air to pass through it, providing natural ventilation.

Toilet frame upholstery

The walls of the country toilet are sheathed wooden planks, the thickness of which should be from 20 to 25 mm. They are tightly fitted and nailed to the frame supports. It is better to place the boards vertically, with the top of the back wall and side wall sheathing boards neatly cut off taking into account the slope of the roof (since in this design the roof will slope towards the back wall). In the back wall of the powder closet, a door is usually made through which a container with waste is taken out. The hinged door has a height of 40 to 45 cm (it is made to the height of the toilet seat).

We cut the roof of the toilet with our own hands

The roof of such a structure is usually covered with either sheets of corrugated board, or slate, or metal tiles. wooden roof cover with roofing material or other waterproofing material.

The roof of the toilet is made so that it has a hole for ventilation pipe. The pipe must be sealed.

Making a toilet door

They make a door out of wood and hang it on two or three hinges, depending on how heavy the door is. Also, the door is equipped with a latch, hook or latch outside and inside. Above the door is usually done small window for light to enter. Zealous owners usually glass the window.

If you make the size of the toilet house large enough, you can even hang a washbasin in it.

Toilet seat: the most important thing

What to make a seat and a toilet seat in a powder toilet? It can be boards, lining, moisture resistant plywood. It's best to stop at wood paneling the frame of the toilet seat, the boards must be painted, cut a hole and place an appropriate container under the toilet seat that can hold 20-40 liters. It is better to make the lid of the toilet seat reclining, fixing it on hinges. In addition, you should find a place in the toilet for a container of peat (you can hang it on the wall) and a bucket for used toilet paper.

Toilet with barrel

If your summer cottage has a high standing of groundwater, the simplest and most cheap way replace the classic pit latrine with a barrel latrine.

You can, of course, build a formwork and pour a sealed concrete container, but such a design will not be durable, since the contents of the container are very aggressive. And the repair of such a structure will be difficult. The barrel can always be removed and replaced with a new one without changing the location of the toilet house on the site.

Barrel installation

Having chosen a place for the toilet and having cleared the area, they begin to dig in the barrel. The most commonly used galvanized metal or rigid polyethylene barrel. The barrel is buried to its entire depth, leaving only about 70 mm above the surface - so it will be possible to remove it from the pit in the future. After that, the area under the toilet is covered with gravel to the level with the barrel, a small layer of sand is poured on top.

foundation of the foundations

The basis of such a structure can be concrete blocks or brick columns poured in four corners.

For warmth and comfort

The base of the toilet is built from thick boards (the minimum thickness of which is 40 mm). Boards should be made of solid wood, oak is best. Lumber must be protected from wood decay.

The size of the base is the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe toilet. It is clear that the smaller the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthis desired building, the less building materials will be required for its construction. But you should not save on the area of ​​​​the toilet: if it is too cramped, it will be uncomfortable to be in it. Therefore, the minimum building area is -120 x 120 cm. The base is assembled using screws from of stainless steel about 80 mm long and placed on a concrete (or brick) base.

How to protect wooden details

How to protect the wooden parts of buildings from adverse effects on wood: sunlight, mold, insects, fungus, etc.?

Moisture, ultraviolet and bugs are the most common causes destruction of unprotected wooden structures. Mold and fungus destroy the wood, causing blue and rot. Ultraviolet rays destroy the lignin that binds cellulose fibers. As a result wooden buildings acquire a dull grayish color, crack. Most often, summer residents process wooden parts of buildings with drying oil. However, drying oil is not very effective against rotting wood, in addition, it does not dry well and it is not very advisable to use it as a wood protection these days. It is better to use modern protective compounds, of which there are quite a lot.

On a note

It is very important that the boards with which the walls of the toilet are sheathed are well dried. Otherwise, after a while, the boards will dry out and cracks will appear in the walls.

Install the walls start from the side.

For the frame of the side walls, it is advisable to use boards 25 x 60 mm. The height of the frame can be from two meters to 220 cm. The frame of the rear wall of the building is erected in the same way. The structure is fixed with screws measuring 40 x 4 mm. The frame of the front wall includes a frame for hanging the door. In this case, the door should be at least 70 cm wide. The frame of each wall, therefore, consists of 4 vertical supports, covered with a horizontal board on top. It is very important that the walls are strictly vertical: at all stages of the construction of the frame and after the completion of its construction, the verticality of the walls is checked using building level.

From wind and rain

The roof is built after the walls are completely sheathed. Fix it along the line of the upper slope, checking the compliance of the angles of the slope on adjacent surfaces. He must

Since the building is still loosely fixed at the stage of roof construction, then when working at height, just a ladder is not enough, additional insurance is needed. For example, using a reinforced ladder.

be 30 degrees. Having installed the roof, sew up the back wall. Zealous owners also hem overhangs.

The roof in this design is covered with a board. The thickness of the board is at least 20 mm. You can fasten the roof sheathing boards to the rafters with ordinary nails - there will be no special bearing load on a small roof area.

The roof is covered roofing material- use ondulin, metal tile or roofing felt.

It is undesirable to cover the toilet roof with slate - such a coating greatly increases the wind load on the building.

Final check

An important stage of work is the final check. The degree of tightening of all screws, the verticality of the walls and the horizontality of the floor are checked.

• If there are violations, you can correct the structure by adding gravel under the foundation, installing spacers, etc.
• The base of the toilet should be carefully fixed; for this purpose, another fastener is placed at the bottom of the foundation. The support columns on the sides are concreted, finally securing the structure.
• Be sure to check your work for the absence of through breakdowns inside, on the back of the roof and walls. Such sharp tips of nails and screws can cause serious injury to people.

And finally, the interior decoration of our building. It begins, of course, with cutting a hole. First of all, a niche is cut out in the floor of the toilet along the perimeter of the buried barrel (manual, circular saw, jigsaw, etc.). The upper part of the niche is hemmed with a 25 mm board. The niche should be exactly in the center, 200-250 mm from the rear wall of the toilet, and its dimensions should be at least 450 x 450 mm.

Summer residents decorate the "house" at their discretion. The main thing is not to overload it with decorative details, because the structure is rather fragile. The easiest option is to sheathe the perimeter of the front side with a decorative trim.

Reliable protection

Impregnation on wood is applied after completion of the main construction work. The choice of impregnation today is very large.

• The tree should be impregnated with an antiseptic, this will protect the wooden parts from mold, fungi, and organic formations. After all, the toilet is an unheated room.
• All wooden parts must be protected from decay. In conditions of high humidity, rotting can destroy the structure in just two to three years.
• The refractory coating is very important. A cigarette thrown carelessly in the toilet can cause a fire in this wooden structure.
• And one more function of impregnation and coloring of the toilet is decorative.

Hanging the toilet door

The door can be made independently or you can use the existing one for the second time. In any case, she also needs to apply protective impregnations. The door is mounted on hinges that are pre-lubricated with any solid lubricant (solid oil, for example), which will protect metal parts from rust.

Toilet lighting

Before finishing the interior decoration of our house, you should take care of the lighting. When conducting electrical work It should be noted that the toilet is a building with high humidity. Based on this, we comply with the following rules:

If there are children in the family

Let's say we use LED lights voltage 12 or 36 volts. A voltage converter is installed at the beginning of the power supply line, and the switch will be built into the design of the luminaire. If there are children in the family, then such a safe lamp can be installed at a low height.

• From the power line support to the toilet should not be more than five meters.
• The power cable is brought out by means of a mast with a height of at least 250 cm; while the mast must be securely fastened to the rear wall of the toilet.
• A ground connection is required.
• Inside the building, cabling is carried out open way, its cross section must be at least 0.75 sq. mm.
• The luminaire power should not exceed 40 watts. It is safest to use energy-saving lamps. The design of the luminaire itself should be designed for use in rooms with high humidity.
• The light switch must not be located inside the toilet. Install it on a special shield at the beginning of the power supply line. This can be a switchboard, or a switch can be installed inside a permanent building.

We mount the seat

First of all, we need to make a so-called podium. You will need bars 30 * 60 mm in size, as well as self-tapping screws at least 70 mm long, which will connect these bars into the podium structure.

The niche opposite the cesspool should remain free - this will allow you to clean the barrel in a timely manner, and such a toilet will last much longer.

The created structure is sheathed with sheet material, which must be durable (plywood, chipboard, OSB boards). The front wall is closed with a rectangle of the desired size. Fix it with self-tapping screws.

The upper part of the podium - mark the lane sheet material, which will go around vertical racks wall frame. A rectangular part is cut out, and then the grooves are marked, the location and size of which correspond to the racks.

On the upper part we install a toilet seat, which is closed with a lid.

For aesthetics, so that the interior of the podium is hidden from view, install a simple device inside - a plastic box without a bottom and a lid.

The interior of the country toilet

If for the construction of the toilet were used quality materials, inside the toilet can not be painted. It is enough just to pickle the boards with a protective coating.

The floor and podium are painted with weatherproof dyes.

building door and external walls it is better to protect with staining. Surfaces are pre-cleaned old paint, if any, and polished.

Do-it-yourself backlash closet

Such a toilet can be both near a residential building and inside it. Interestingly, with this type of country toilet, the sewer is located outside the walls of the house. Such a toilet is being built where the sewage pit can be heated in the cold. True, you don’t have to heat it, but in this case you can’t use the backlash closet in winter, and in preparation for the winter period, the cesspool is completely cleaned of sewage and waste.

The nuances of the backlash-closet device

• The cesspool of the play closet is completely sealed. They clean it with the help of a sewage machine.
• Since sewage is completely isolated, it does not soak into the ground, does not pollute groundwater, and is completely safe in the epidemiological sense. The pit is poured from concrete, made of brick, followed by plastering, and the easiest, albeit costly, way is to use plastic containers (caissons).
• The pit should slope away from the house. This will make it easier to clean up.
• A ventilation pipe (ceramic or asbestos-cement) is diverted from the pit, which is carried through the chimney of the stove or fireplace. And a pipe comes out of the chimney, through which warm air enters the pit, preventing its contents from freezing.
• You can also heat the pit with electric heater small power.
• Above the pit, a sealed manhole cover is needed. It is made double: the upper one is made of metal, the lower one is made of wood. Thermal insulation is laid between the covers.

The only drawback of the backlash closet is the complete dependence of its use on the presence of a sewer machine. After all, a sealed cesspool cannot be cleaned manually. Therefore, summer residents do not often choose this option. If you decide to opt for hiring, consider the possibility of a sewer truck accessing your toilet.

In addition, only a person with some builder skills can build such a toilet. However, this is very a good option subject to the possibility of constructing such a closet and drain hole near the wall of the house and the availability of access roads for servicing the backlash closet with a sewage machine.

It is important that the car can drive up to a distance of 6-7 m to the toilet that it will clean. The sleeve of such a machine is no more than 7 m.

Pit toilet

For a toilet with a cesspool, the house itself is built in the same way as when building a powder closet. However, communications are a little different. So, having made the marking of the construction site, you should start digging a cesspool.

• You should dig a hole, making a slope towards the back wall of the toilet. The depth of the pit should be about one and a half meters. The bottom and walls of the pit should be strengthened - for this it is rammed with a layer of clay with a thickness of 15 to 25 cm.
• The base for such a toilet is a base made of timber with a section of 100 by 100 mm. The tree must be treated with antiseptic impregnations. It can also be a construction of a sidewalk curb or concrete blocks laid on the ground.
• Above the cesspool, a flooring is made of boards that are sewn onto a frame of beams. From below, the flooring is upholstered with roofing material (other rolled material).

Some summer residents prefer to make the pit airtight with concrete. Also, the edges of the pit can be reinforced with wood or bricks.

• On the back wall of the toilet, as in the construction of a powder closet, a small hinged door is left. Such a hatch (wooden, treated with an antiseptic) will be used to clean the cesspool.
• From the pit it is necessary to lay a ventilation pipe. It goes near the back wall of the toilet and exits a meter above the roof of the toilet. This may be the most ordinary sewer pipe, on which a visor is attached on top so that water and debris do not get into the pit. The pipe is attached to the back wall of the toilet house by means of clamps. The lower edge of the pipe should be placed 20 cm below the finished floor of the toilet.
• Around the toilet with a cesspool, it is imperative to make a walkway: rainwater can flood the pit with sewage.

Organic fertilizers of own "production"

"Good" from the cesspools of country toilets - strong and fast complex fertilizer, which contains up to 1.3% nitrogen, up to 0.3% phosphorus, more than 0.3% potassium. A lot of gardeners and gardeners add feces to the soil as fertilizer in the fall, when, preparing a summer cottage for winter, they clean cesspools.

The easiest way is to simply use the waste of the human body in its pure form: they dig grooves near the trees, pile up the feces and carefully cover them with a thick layer of soil. However, this use of the contents of cesspools leads to significant losses of nitrogen.

A bit of theory

On average, an adult human body releases about 500 kg of waste per year (450 liters of urine and 50 kg of feces). For six months, more than 60% of nitrogen can be lost from feces. They may also contain helminth eggs. To preserve nitrogen and destroy pathogens, feces are used mainly for making composts, preferably with peat. Most Valuable organic fertilizers for horticultural and horticultural crops - the contents of powder closets. When the faeces in the collection tanks under the country toilet are regularly sprinkled with peat or earth (the best is a mixture of them, each time in a volume of 250 ml or more), this eliminates the unpleasant odor, and also prevents the reproduction of flies and retains nitrogen in the fertilizer.

On a note

And yet, peat-fecal compost cannot be used under garden strawberries, other berry crops and those vegetable crops that we eat raw.

Thus, in order to prevent loss of nitrogen, as well as for the purpose of disinfection, feces must be composted by mixing them with high-moor, infertile peat. It turns out that pathogenic bacteria quickly lose their viability in the compost heap. It is best to prepare such compost from May to October. Before frost, the compost heap is covered with earth, and the next layer is covered with dry leaves to protect it from freezing.

Fecal compost is best applied as a soil improver, not as a fertilizer. It is introduced into the soil at the rate of:

• per 1 sq. m of soil - from one to two liters of compost;
• per 1 sq. m of plot where it is planned to plant plants with a high nitrogen consumption (for example, potatoes, onions different types) - 2-3 liters of compost.

In principle, nitrogen is needed by any trees and shrubs, fruit and ornamental. Therefore, there are no restrictions on the use of nitrogen fertilizers for horticultural crops. Symptoms of nitrogen starvation: oppressed growth; a small number of leaves; poorly developed shoots; weak tillering; dull color of leaves; small inflorescences and fruits.

• per 1 sq. m of land for plants with a very high nitrogen consumption (nightshade (tomatoes, Bell pepper), corn) - 3-4 liters of peat-fecal compost.

A storehouse of nitrogen

1. Urine is very effectively used as a fertilizer for nitrogen-poor soils.
2. Undiluted urine is used to fertilize trees, the ground before sowing, and it is also effective to moisten the compost.
3. If the grains begin to grow, the urine is diluted with water. It is safe for all cultivated plants to add 1 part urine to 7 parts water.
4. After fertilizing with urine, the area is covered with earth or foliage so that there is no evaporation.
5. This fertilizer should not be used in winter. Only during the growing season (spring or summer, as well as early autumn - for those crops that are planted "before winter").

Construction of a country toilet - a modern approach

In the old days, the toilet room in country house arrange was not accepted. However, today summer residents want to live with the same comfort as in an apartment or cottage. Set up a toilet country house quite difficult, but still possible.

Choosing a place for a toilet in the country

A place for a toilet is a separate room or a corner fenced in some other room. It is desirable that the toilet is located near the cesspool, and not on the other side of the house. If this is a corner in any room, and not a separate room in your country house, the partitions are mounted after installing all the plumbing (toilet, sink, etc.) and gaskets engineering communications. The partition must be solid, made of brick, lining, chipboard, drywall. They make it two-layer, and between the layers lay soundproofing material.

How to organize a sewer

You can make a pressure or gravity sewer. It depends on the characteristics of each individual suburban area. With pressure sewerage, waste is fed using special fecal pumps, with gravity sewage, it goes away by gravity.

When installing a gravity sewer, it is very important to keep the slopes correctly. The slope must be the same throughout, and then the length of the sewer pipe can be any.

On a note

Very often they make the slope as large as possible, believing that in this way the waste will flow out faster. This is mistake. If the slope is too steep, the liquid drains faster, solid waste is trapped, and the pipes become clogged. Also, the inflow of air to the surfaces of underfilled pipes leads to corrosion and a decrease in their service life.

A pressure sewer is installed if it is impossible to maintain a sufficient slope angle. This may be when, for example, the way

Drainage slope

For novice builders, the difficulty lies in the fact that the unit of measurement of the slope, adopted in the construction literature, is unusual for them - these are decimal fractions of the form 0.03 or 0.008. This fraction is the ratio of the drop height to the length of the pipe. For example, 3 cm by 1 m, or 0.8 cm but 1 m. The length of the sewer pipe in meters, when multiplied by the slope, will give the total slope height along the entire length.

Polypropylene pipes (they do not deform at high and low temperatures and are easy to install) are assembled starting from the bottom, inserting each subsequent one into the socket of the previous one. In places of turns and at the bottom of risers, special revision pipes are required. The joint of a polypropylene pipe with a cast iron pipe is made using a rubber cuff.

When installing a pressure sewer, the pipes are connected by welding. The diameter of such pipes depends on the requirements of the pump and ranges from 20 to 40 mm.

The outer part of the sewer is placed in a trench. The depth of the trench should be below the freezing level of the soil. Pipes for external sewerage are used cast iron, ceramic or asbestos, but they can also be plastic if laid in places where there is no increased load. The pipes must slope towards the drain.

When installing the toilet, remember that its outlet should not be lower than the neck of the pipe. In this case, it is raised using bricks and cement. A toilet bowl outlet is put on the cuff with a seal, the cuff itself is inserted into the pipe.

On a note

If necessary, it is better to put 2 knees at 45 ° than one at 90 °. So the flow of plums will not slow down.

The toilet is located below ground level.

Here you need a fecal pump. Buying one is not a problem, summer residents are offered a wide range of models that differ in power, distance, method of pumping waste (vertically or horizontally), etc.

The final chord: what to do with the "good" from the toilet

The country sewer system is divided into two types

Shower and toilet in the country: for beginner builders

Even if in your life you have not built anything more complicated than a stool, you can build a toilet and a shower in your summer cottage.

STEP 1. CASIN

The walls of the cesspool are best sealed by providing a hatch for pumping out waste.

1. First, we clean the construction site from roots, trees, bushes and debris. For a family of 3-4 people, we dig a hole one meter wide, 120 cm long, 200 cm deep.
2. The earth should not crumble into a pit and clutter up the construction site. We take the fertile layer on a garden wheelbarrow to the garden, clay - away from our site.
3. We strengthen the walls of the resulting pit. We take flat sheets of slate 1 * 2 m in size and cut them with a grinder according to the size of the walls. We lower the sheets down and fix them in the pit with the help of corners from the reinforcement. To this end, we punch holes in the slate and hammer the corners into the wall of the pit.
4. The gaps between the walls of the pit and the slate should be sealed with reinforcement rods. We put the rods in the slots, then we lay the sheets of roofing material for waterproofing, then we fill in the cement mortar.
5. We place a sheet of iron at the bottom of the pit: this way the earth will be sealed from sewage.
6. For now, we cover the finished pit with polyethylene from dampness and precipitation, while we ourselves begin to build a columnar foundation.

STEP 2. FILLING THE FOUNDATION

A shower and a toilet for a summer residence can be economically combined in one building. The parameters of such a building are: a width of one and a half meters, a length of 3 meters, a height of 2 m 20 cm. Thus, the premises will be 1.5 by 1.5 m in area. However, for a family of three, a building area for a shower and toilet of 1.2 * 1.2 m is enough.

On a note

It is very important to spread the slate sheets with wooden bars before pouring the solution.

1. The building will be wooden, which means that the foundation will be quite columnar, light, 80 cm deep.
2. We cut 16 wooden stakes and mark the place of the future foundation. Along the perimeter of a rectangle with parameters of 150 by 300 cm, we install 14 stakes every 75 cm. We also put pegs in the far corners of the pit: there will be a hatch through which the cesspool will be cleaned in the future.
3. We check the location and verticality of the pegs. There should be equal spacing between stakes, all angles should be 90°.
4. For drilling holes, it is best to use a garden drill with a 13 cm auger. We make 16 holes. We supply each pit with a wooden formwork, the height-length-width of which is 20 x 20 * 20 cm. Using the building level, we equalize the formwork horizontally.
5. We insert three reinforcing bars into each pit, which are fastened together with a wire - so the foundation will be reliable. We place a rolled roofing material at the bottom of the pit so that the concrete is isolated from the soil.
6. We fill the recesses with cement mortar. Small crushed stone is often added to cement, based on the ratio of cement, sand and crushed stone 1:3:5. The solution is equal to the formwork.
7. In the center of each hole we place a metal hairpin with a diameter of about 10 mm. We deepen the hairpin by 12 cm so that 8 cm remain above the cement level.
8. While the cement hardens, we prepare a wooden beam for the construction of the frame.

STEP 3. CONSTRUCTION OF THE FRAME

We need a beam, the side of which will be equal to 10 cm. When the cement has hardened, it's time to remove the formwork and make the bottom trim of the foundation.

1. Using a chainsaw along the length of the sides of the future building, we saw off the bars and connect them together half a tree. That is, 5 cm from the thickness of the beam is cut from each side, and so the beams are interconnected according to the principle of a puzzle.
2. We drill holes into which the studs protruding from our columnar foundation will enter.
3. We lay the overlap, securing it with a washer with a nut with a spanner wrench.
4. Do not forget to lay a roofing material under the timber for waterproofing.
5. The lower trim is ready: the bars lie on poles, tied with studs and nuts. After that, the wooden strapping bars cover protective composition from external influences.
6. Above the pit (there will be a floor and a “podium” seat), two metal channels are laid for strength.
7. Part of the cesspool outside the perimeter of the walls is covered with a board and protected with a moisture-proof material. In the future, the hose of the as-senator machine can be inserted by removing several boards.
8. We begin to install vertical poles. Their height is equal to the height of the future building - 220 cm. The first pillars are installed in the corners of the building, checking the correctness of their installation with a building level.
9. We connect the vertical pillars of the frame with bottom harness using metal plates and corners for fasteners. For reliability, we install spacers at the base of the pillars, securing them with long screws.
10. We install the next two pillars where the doors will be. Their height is 200 cm, the width between them is 80 cm. Above the door, at a height of two meters, we strengthen the spacer horizontally. And the remaining 20 cm between the doorway and the ceiling will subsequently be glazed. We also fix these pillars with spacers, fixed with long self-tapping screws. When the pillars are installed, it is necessary to make the upper trim: the timber is also connected in half a tree.
11. The entire structure is treated with an antiseptic composition to prevent wood decay.

Landscaping a summer cottage usually begins with the construction of a toilet. The summer resident cannot do without this structure. All other buildings, such as a country house, a bathhouse, a gazebo, appear later. Having built a wooden toilet in the country with his own hands , a person can safely engage in gardening, enjoying the breaks in the fresh air and admiring the beauties of the countryside. Before the beginning earthworks it is necessary to plan your site and choose a place that is safe in terms of sanitary and hygienic requirements for structures of this kind.

This video demonstrates the process of building a country toilet. After watching the video, you will understand how to make a toilet in the country on your own, and also decide on the choice of necessary building materials.

On the territory of Russia, there are sanitary norms and rules, in accordance with which it is necessary to build a wooden toilet in the country. At the same time, one must take into account not only one's own interests, but also the requirements of neighbors who are equipping their summer cottages.

When choosing the best place for a wooden pit latrine, follow these rules:

• The distance from the well (own and neighbor's) to the toilet should be at least 25 meters. Only under this condition can the quality of well water used for domestic purposes be guaranteed. If the water from the well will not be used for drinking, then it is better to analyze its quality in the laboratory.
• Structures such as a toilet are usually not erected in the center of a summer cottage. It is better to find a place at some distance from the house so that a person can comfortably use the building for its intended purpose, without causing inconvenience to other people. In order to respect the rights of neighbors, it is necessary to retreat from the border separating the plots by at least a meter. If you ignore this requirement, then the principled neighbor will force you to move the building by court order. You will also have to pay court costs.
• If the site is located at an angle, then the toilet is built in the lowest place.
• Take into account when choosing a place and the wind rose. This will get rid of bad odors. Although with proper care of the object this problem should not occur.

Think also about how you will clean the cesspool. If possible, arrange an entrance for a sewage truck that pumps waste from septic tanks, drains and cesspools.

The choice of a good place in a summer cottage for the construction of a wooden toilet must be done taking into account the requirements of sanitary norms and rules

Construction of a toilet in a country house with a cesspool

Of all types of country toilets, this option is the most common. The outdoor structure is simple and convenient to operate. After all, the waste generated in the process of human life falls into a deep cesspool, specially dug for this purpose.

As soon as the pit is filled to two-thirds of its depth, the owner of the site cleans it manually or by machine. You can conserve the object by filling the hole with earth. True, in this case, you will have to look for a new place to place the toilet. If the area of ​​​​the summer cottage is large, then the option of conservation and transfer of the object can be considered. If the area is small, then it is better to clean the pit from the accumulated waste.

Stage # 1 - digging a cesspool and strengthening its walls

The construction of an outdoor toilet in the country begins with digging a cesspool. Its depth should be at least two meters. The shape of the pit is a square, all sides of which are equal to one meter.

To prevent soil shedding, it is necessary to strengthen the walls of the cesspool using ready-made reinforced concrete rings, boards, brick or masonry. The bottom of the pit is sealed with concrete screed or simply covered with a layer of rubble that provides drainage. If there is a threat of groundwater pollution, then the walls and bottom of the pit are made waterproof, necessarily sealing them with special materials.

Scheme of the device of a wooden country toilet with a sealed cesspool, a ventilation pipe that removes unpleasant odors, a hatch for waste disposal

Stage #2 - building a toilet house

A protective structure in the form of a house is located above the cesspool. A rectangular frame is fixed on a columnar foundation, while at all four corners wooden box lay blocks or bricks. Waterproofing is provided with the help of roofing material, laying the material between the foundation and the wooden frame. Further, the algorithm of work is as follows:

• The beam used to assemble the frame structure must be coated with a primer mixture and then painted. The resulting coating will protect the frame from premature decay.
• The processed timber is fastened together, obtaining a frame of the desired size. assembled structure placed on foundation poles.
• Then four vertically standing racks are attached to the frame using metal plates and bolts. The building level allows you to set the racks strictly vertically.
• Next, proceed to install the racks needed to hang the doors.
• The beams for the construction of the roof are fixed so that they protrude slightly around the entire perimeter beyond the edges of the structure. Surface shed roof should be at a slight slope. Provide desired angle rear shortened racks allow.
• A podium-seat is placed above the cesspool, for which they collect additional frame from the bars and attach it to the main structure.
• The roof is constructed from a sheet of slate, laid on the crossbars, covered with roofing material.
• It remains to perform the external and inner lining, choosing for this the available building material. Most often, lining, siding, profiled sheet or ordinary boards are used if the toilet is being built for temporary use. To fix the skin, additional crossbars are nailed to the frame, cut to size from a bar or thick board. The podium seat is also lined with clapboard.

They finish the construction by hanging doors knocked down from boards on hinges.

Timber construction wooden frame country toilet over a cesspool, the walls of which are reinforced with old car tires

The device of a shed roof and the lining of the side walls of a country toilet, erected by oneself on a site from inexpensive building materials

At the construction stage of the toilet, it is necessary to take care of its artificial lighting. You will have to bring electricity and connect a small lighting fixture. During the day, the interior of the toilet house is illuminated through a small window cut out above the door.

Summer residents, who are lovingly related to their site, are creative in arranging and decorating the toilet in the country. In the photographs below you can see interesting options toilet building designs.

A country toilet in the form of a fabulous wooden house, built by the skillful hands of a real master, is an adornment of the entire suburban area

The country toilet, built in the form of a fancy wooden hut, is surrounded by greenery growing to the delight of the caring owners of the site

Stage #3 - how to properly build ventilation?

To remove unpleasant odors coming from the cesspool, ventilation must be provided in the design of the toilet. For its arrangement, a plastic sewer pipe with a diameter of 100 mm is suitable. The pipe is pulled with tin clamps to the back wall of the toilet.

The lower end is led 15 cm into the cesspool, for which a hole of the desired diameter is cut out in the podium seat. The upper end of the ventilation pipe is brought up through a hole cut in the roof of the building. In this case, the end of the pipe is located at a height of 20 cm above the roof plane. To enhance the draft, a nozzle-deflector is fixed on the head of the ventilation pipe.

Features of the construction of powder-closet

In some cases, it is not practical to build a pit latrine. Therefore, they choose the option of a wooden toilet, called a powder closet. The main difference between this type of structure is the absence of a cesspool. Instead, the toilet is equipped with a container that, when filled, easily slides out from under the toilet seat and is taken out of the area for emptying.

Usually, a small box with peat, sawdust, dry hay or ordinary earth is installed in the powder closet. After going to the toilet bulk material"powder" the waste.

Ventilation in these facilities is also indispensable. Installation of ventilation is done according to the method described above.

As you can see, there is nothing complicated in the process of building a wooden toilet. You can come up with your own options for the device of this desired structure. Surprised neighbors will ask for advice, asking you about how to build the same toilet in the country with your own hands. Share information so that everyone around your site is beautiful.